英语常用修辞格的翻译分析
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1. What is learned in the cradle ❖ 少时所学,到老不忘。 is carried to the grave.
2. I can’t earn enough to keep ❖ 我赚的不够吃。 my body and soul together.
3.
When my ship comes take a trip to Africa.
❖ 英语比喻美感的再现应以比喻内容为基础, 发掘比喻美的真正所在,同时致力于形式 的表现,尽可能用“形神兼备”的翻译来 传神达意。在实在不可能“形似”时,要 在“神似”的条件下,竭力用其它方法和 手段表现出原比喻的意之真谛、美之内涵。 依据这一原则,可采用以下方法:
1. 保留差异,等值再现
❖ Passion was to go to sleep in the presence of Mrs. General and blood was to change to milk and water. (Dickens. Little Dorrit) 在杰纳勒尔夫人跟前,一个人的激情会变得麻木 不仁,热血也会变成掺了水的牛奶。
busy
❖ As ___________ as a bat. ❖ As ____________ as a bee. ❖ As ____________ as a bell. ❖ As ____________ as a daisy (a kind of flower). ❖ As ____________ as an eel (a kind of fish). ❖ As ____________ as a feather. ❖ As ____________ as a fox. ❖ As ____________ as the hills. ❖ As ____________ as a mouse. ❖ As ____________ as a mule.
❖ Examples: (1)Every family is said to have at least one skeleton in the cupboard. 俗话说,衣柜里面藏骷髅,(见不得人的事家家 有。)
(2)Advice and correction roll off him like water off a duck’s back. 劝导对他好象水过鸭背似的(不起作用)。
(2)Mr. Smith may serve as a good secretary, for he is as close as an oyster(牡蛎). 史密斯先生可以当个好秘书,因为他守口如瓶。
❖ as cunning as a dead pig
❖ as happy as a cow
❖ 像狐狸一样狡猾 ❖ 快乐得像只百灵鸟
My love is a red red rose. When Leah saw the blanket of snow from her bedroom window, she knew school would be cancelled for the day.
Life's but a walking shadow; a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage.
1. The fury of the crowd erupted like a volcano. 群众的愤怒像火山一般爆发起来。
2. I can’t save myself any more than a clay idol can save itself while swimming across a river.
❖ Simile (明喻) 和Metaphor (隐喻) 是英语中最常用 的修辞手法,它的作用是把要说明的事物比喻成 另一种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物,从而更形象、 更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。作为修 辞手段的比喻,本身是极富诗意的一种语言形式, 只有使读者领会了其中的韵味,才可以进一步领 悟全文的精神,达到等效翻译的目的,因此比喻 美感的对等翻译不容忽视。
英语常用修辞格的翻译分析
Warming –up
1.The boy was creeping like snail unwillingly to school.
1. 那男孩像只蜗牛慢慢向前 挪动,嘟哝着不愿去上学。
2.The boy stood rooted.
3. We are dying for the greatest nothing.
❖ a fly in the ointment(油 膏)
❖ you can’t make bricks without straw`
❖ 一粒老鼠屎坏了一锅 汤
❖ 巧妇难为无米之炊
3、放弃比喻,动态对等
❖ 如果原比喻的差异既不能保留,又没有合适 的替换,那就只能放弃比喻。 但为了尽量保 其美学效果,应充分发挥汉语语言的优势, 借助其它手段弥补,以达到审美效果上的动 态对等。
史沿革、风俗习惯和思维方式各不相同。 在这种情况下,就需要采用意译。我们可 以通过增加词语、引申词意、转换修辞格 或转换比喻形象等方法来确切地表达原文 修辞格所表现的感染力。
❖ 比喻 ❖ 拟人 ❖ 夸张 ❖ 委婉语 ❖ 反语
Simile
❖ In rhetoric, simile is a figure of speech by which two concepts or two dissimilar things are imaginatively and descriptively compared because they have at least one quality or characteristic in common or in resemblance.
2. 那男孩一动不动地呆着。
3. 我们为那伟大的一文不值 的信念而死。
4. --What does that lawyer 4. -- 那个律师死后能干什么?
do after he dies?
(1)--静静地躺着。
--Lie still.
(2)--躺着说鬼话。
quiet, light, fresh ,blind, clear, stubborn, cunning, old ,slippery,
2. Men are April when they woo, December when they wed, maids are May when they maids, but the sky changes when they are wives. (Shakespeare) 男人求爱时如和煦的4月,婚后却像寒冬腊月;闺 中少女则宛若温暖的5月,而为人妇后却像易变的 天气阴晴莫测。
❖ It’s very plain that the old man I will remain at daggers drawn to the end of our lives, and that I have nothing to expect from him.
很明显,我同老头子至死也势不两立/ 剑拔弩张, 我不会从他身上得到什么东西的。
as busy as bee
像蜜蜂一样忙碌
as brave as lion
像狮子一样勇猛
as black as crow
像乌鸦一般黑
as sharp as knife 像刀一样锋利
Metaphor 隐喻
❖ One thing is described in terms of another. Implied comparison achieved through a figurative use of words; the word is used not in its literal sense, but in one analogous to it.
常用的修辞
❖ 修辞格(figures of speech or rhetoric)是提 高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言 生动形象、具体活泼,给人以美的享受。
❖ 比喻、矛盾、双关、借代、拟人、夸 张、委婉、重复、反语、排比、对照 等。
❖ 原文作者在文章中使用修辞手法,是为了 使语言更加形象生动,鲜明突出;或者使 语言更加整齐匀称,音调铿锵,以便更深 入地阐明事件的意义或刻画人物的性格。 因此,译文中若不能正确表现原文的修辞 格,就不能准确地表达作者的思想和文风, 就不符合“忠实、通顺”的翻译标准。
பைடு நூலகம்Shakespeare, Macbeth
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.
W. Churchill
一.明喻和隐喻的翻译方法
我本人是泥菩萨过河,自身难保。
3. If we attack quickly, we can nip the enemy’s plans in the bud.
如果我们迅速进攻,就可以把敌人的计划消灭在 萌芽状态。
❖ 我们还可以用加释意的办法,既保留了差异,也 从语境上帮助读者接受形象,以感受到形象的意 味:
2. 替换比喻,去异求同
❖ 比喻形象在中英民族中概念不同; ❖ 比喻的事物是各民族特有的成语典故; ❖ 当差异不利于理解,而汉语里恰有相对应
的固定比喻,可用中国特有比喻来替换; ❖ 从审美角度看,客体形式的改变,正是为
了产生相同的审美效果。
Examples:
(1)He said: “ If one has anything to say, it drops from him simply and directly as a stone falls to the ground.” (Henry David Thoreau) 他(指索罗)说:“如果一个人要说什么,就 应像竹筒倒豆子那样直截了当地说出来。”
❖ 绝大多数英语修辞格都能找到与之相对应 的汉语修辞格,它们在结构上和修辞作用 上都彼此十分相似。根据这一特点,在翻 译中应当尽可能采用直译的方法 .
• 但这种译法仅限于在用词和修辞结构上与 原文一致情况下使用,但是在有些场合却 不能墨守原文的修辞手法,也不能照搬原 文的比喻形象 。理由是英汉两个民族的历
❖ The commonest connectives are “like” and “as (…as)”. Other words used in similes are “more than”, “as if”, “resemble”, “suggest”, etc.
明喻 Simile
❖ 英语中的simile和汉语明喻基本格式相 同,一般情况下,可以照直翻译。
拟人(Personification)
The (inanimate) things are treated as animate or human.
Attribution of personality to an impersonal thing. ❖ 拟人就是把动物和没有生命的事物当成有思想感
情的人类来描写,甚至让它们具有人的行为。这 些事物可以是无生命的实体,还可以是抽象的概 念, ❖ 如:a smiling moon(微笑的月亮),a crying city(哭泣的城市),to strangle justice(扼杀正 义)。 ❖ 英汉两种语言中都有这种修辞手法,在翻译的时
in,
I
will ❖
当我发了财时,我要到 非洲去。
4. Every life has its roses and thorns.
❖ 每个人的生活都有甜有 苦。
直译+意译法
1. Most of us are too ready to apply to others the cold wind of criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise. 我们中的很多人太容易给别人批评的冷风,而不愿 意给自己的同伴赞扬的阳光。