商务统计学 常用词汇整理表

商务统计学词汇表

Chapter 1

Categorical variables 分类变量Continuous variables 连续变量Data 数据Descriptive statistics 描述统计学Discrete variables 离散变量Focus group

焦点小组方法，小组访谈法，焦点讨论方法Inferential statistics 推断统计学Numerical variables 数值变量Operational definition 运算定义Parameter 参数Population 总体Primary sources 原始（数据）来源Sample 抽样、样本secondary sources 二手（数据）来源statistic 统计量statistics 统计学、统计数据statistical packages 统计（软件）包variables 变量Chapter 2

Bar chart 柱形图、条形图Cells 单元、元素Chartjunk 图表垃圾Class boundaries 组限Class grouping 分组Class midpoint 组中值Contingency table 列联表Cross-classification table 交叉分类表Cumulative percentage distribution

累计百分比分布Cumulative percentage polygon

累计百分比多边形图Frequency distribution 频数分布Histogram 直方图Ogive (cumulative percentage polygon)

卵形图、累积曲线图Ordered array 有序的数列Pareto diagram 帕累托图Pareto principle 帕累托准则percentage distribution 百分比分布percentage polygon 百分比多边形图pie chart 饼图、圆形图range 全距relative frequency distribution

相对频数分布

scatter diagram 散点图stem-and-leaf display 茎叶图summary table 汇总表time-series plot 时间数列图width of class interval 组距Chapter 3

Arithmetic mean 算术均值Box-and-whisker plot 箱线图Central tendency 集中趋势Chebyshev rule 切比雪夫法则Coefficient of correlation 相关系数Coefficient of variation 变异系数Covariance 协方差Dispersion 离散离差Empirical rule 经验法则Extreme value 极端值Five-number summary 五数（值）概括法Geometric mean 几何平均Interquartile range （IQR）

四分间距、内距Left-skewed 左偏Mean 均值Median 中位数Midspread 中间离散、中间离差Mode 众数Outlier 异常值Population mean 总体均值Population standard deviatio

总体标准差Population variance 总体方差Q

1

:first quartile 下四分位数

Q

3

：third quartile 上四分位数Quartile 四分位数Range 全距Resistant measures 抗性测度值Right-skewed 右偏Sample coefficient of correlation

样本相关系数Shape (分布)形状Skewed 偏斜（度）Spread 离散（分布）Standard deviation 标准差Sum of squares 平方和Symmetrical 对称的Variance 方差

Variation 变异Z scores 标准分数Chapter 4

A priori classical probability

先验古典概率Bayes’theorem 贝叶斯定理Certain event 必然事件Collectively exhaustive 完备穷尽Combination 组合Complement of event 事件的补A’Conditional probability 条件概率Contingency table 列联表Decision tree 决策树Empirical classical probability

经验古典概率Event 事件General addition rule 一般加法法则General multiplication rule

一般乘法法则Impossible event 不可能事件Intersection of event 事件的交Joint event 联合事件Joint probability 联合概率Marginal probability 边际概率Multiplication rule for independent events 独立事件的乘法法则Mutually exclusive 互斥Permutation 排列Sample space 样本空间Simple event 简单事件Statistical independence 统计独立性Subjective probability 主观概率Table of cross-classifications

交叉分类表Union 联合Venn diagram 韦恩图Chapter 5

Area of opportunity 机会域Binomial probability distribution

二项概率分布Expected value of a discrete random variable 离散随机变量的期望值Mathematical model 数学模型Poisson distribution 泊松分布Probability distribution for a discrete random variable

离散随机变量的概率分布Rule of combination 组合定律Standard deviation of a discrete random variable 离散随机变量的标准差Chapter 6

Continuous probability density function

连续概率密度函数Cumulative standardized normal distribution 累积标准正态分布Normal distribution 正态分布Normal probability density function

正态概率密度函数Normal probability plot 正态概率图Quantile-quantile plot

Q-Q图，分位数图Standardized normal random variable

标准正态随机变量Transformation formula 转换公式Chapter7

Central Limit Theorem 中心极限定理Clusters 群Cluster sampling 整群抽样Convenience sampling 方便抽样、便利抽样Coverage error 涵盖误差Frame 抽样框Judgement sample 判断抽样（样本）Measurememnt error 测量误差Nonprobability sample 非概率抽样Nonreponse error 无回答误差Probability sample 概率抽样Sampling distribution 抽样分布Sampling distribution of the sample mean

样本均值的抽样分布Sampling distribution of the sample proportion 样本比例的抽样分布Sampling error 抽样误差Sampling with replacement 重置抽样Sampling without replacement 不重置抽样Selection bias 选择偏差Simple random sample 简单随机抽样Standard error of the mean

均值的标准误差

n

x

σ

σ= Standard error of the proportion