nasa 激光测量森林树高

Biomass dynamics key

Changes in structure, use and management of forests produces sources and sinks of CO2 Requires reliable estimates of biomass Requires quantification of deforestation, disturbance and regrowth Disturbance and recovery affects habitat structure and biodiversity

Foliage height diversity Index (FHD) MacArthur & MacArthur (1961)
Foliage height diversity (FHD) vs. bird species diversity (BSD) (reproduced from Wilson, 1974)
• • • • • •
Kathleen Bergen, University of Michigan Richard Houghton, Woods Hole Research Center Josef Kellndorfer, Woods Hole Research Center Jon Ranson, NASA GSFC Sassan Saatchi, NASA JPL Hank Shugart, University of Virginia
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DESDynI: Biodiversity Science Rationale
Relationships with
Biomass/Volume

Relationships with Height
Forest bird species richness
increased systematically with canopy (Goetz et al., 2007).
Total breeding bird density (Miller et al.)
Goetz et al. 2006
DESDynI
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DESDynI: Biodiversity Science Rationale
Relationships with Height Vertical
Profile:
Measurement Approach

Synthetic Aperture Radar Multibeam Lidar Lidar/radar and Fusion Ecosystem Modeling

Current Status
Mission Definition Activities Science Studies
High: 30 kg/m2
Biomass
2
DESDynI
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DESDynI: Habitat Rationale - Example
Pine Warbler Habitat:

Closed canopy forest Uneven or broken canopies Trees older than 30 years Overstory taller than 30 ft Well-developed underlayer (understory) Large patch sizes (nonfragmented Upland pine species
Volcanoes
Volume, depth, and migration of magma chamber
Changes in carbon stocks
Carbon sources and sinks Biodiversity assessment, ecosystem processes
Mtn glaciers & ice caps
DESDynI
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Vegetation 3D Structure and Biomass Key
Landscape Structure: the spatial heterogeneity of an area composed of interacting habitat patches Vertical Structure & Biomass: the bottom to top configuration or complexity and amount of above-ground vegetation
Oil Reservoirs
Subsidence, pipe breakage
DESDynI
Key Challenges
Additional Science Benefits
6 6
Science Objectives
CHARACTERIZE THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING CLIMATE AND LAND USE ON TERRESTRIAL CARBON CYCLE, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, AND SPECIES HABITATS
DESDynI
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DESDynI Science Study Group
3 Disciplines and Science Co-Chairs

Solid Earth: Brad Hager, MIT Cryosphere: Ian Joachin, University of Washington Ecosystems – Ralph Dubayah, University of Maryland
DESDynI
Global Carbon Budget
DESDynI
DESDynI Driving Science Questions: Biodiversity
What is the present distribution and condition of Earth habitat and biodiversity?
Study Group works with NASA’s Vegetation
Structure Working Group

NASA Terrestrial Ecology Program, Diane Wickland Develop Science Definition and Requirements Perform Science Research Activities
Ecosystems Aboveground biomass
Carbon storage in vegetation
Ice Masses Ice Sheet Flow
Subsurface Reservoirs Aquifers
Response of ice sheets Withdrawal and and shelves to ocean Recharge and atmosphere Subsidence
Response to climate trends Interaction between ocean and atmosphere
CO2 Sequestration
Subsurface migration
Landslides
Detect preslip
Habitat Structure Sea Ice
Anticipated Launch around 2015 Pre-Phase A Planning Stages
DESDynI
Outline
DESDynI Background

Mission Overview

Science and Measurement Objectives Science Rationale
Vegetation 3D Structure & Biomass: for Biodiversity and Habitat
Vegetation Type
Upland conifer Lowland conifer Northern hardwoods Aspen/lowland deciduous Grassland Agriculture Wetlands Open water Urban/barren
Yes No
DESDynI Variables:


DESDynI

Canopy cover Biomass (age-heightdensity) Height Canopy vertical profile Patch size and shape
Example (right): Pine Warbler habitat in the Great Lakes Region is tall, dense (high biomass) pine, but not short sparse pine; also require large patch sizes
Characterize global distribution of aboveground vegetation biomass
Characterize habitat structure for biodiversity assessments
DESDynI
Global Biomass and Carbon
DESDynI
5
DESDynI Scientific Focus Areas
DESDynI addresses a broad-based range of the science questions Deformation Earthquakes
Probability, aftershocks, stress transfer
DESDynI
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Science Objective 1: Biomass
Characterize global distribution of aboveground vegetation biomass
Desired Final Data Products
Global biomass at 250 m with accuracy of 10 MgC/ha (or 20%, not to exceed 50 Mg/ha) at 5 years. Resolution increased to 100 m for low biomass areas (<100 Mg/ha) Forest canopy height and profiles, spatial and vertical structure, biomass from SAR

Lidar and L-band Interferometric SAR

Recommended by National Research Council Decadal Survey to measure changes in land, ice and vegetation structure
Global Vegetation Structure Dynamics from NASA’s DESDynI Mission
Ralph Dubayah University of Maryland
1
DESDynI
DESDynI
2
DESDynI
Deformation, Ecosystem Structure, and Dynamics of Ice
How are land-cover change and climate change influencing their distribution and sustainability?
How can we predict future distributions and sustainability of Earth habitat and biodiversity?
Baidu Nhomakorabeaccurate estimate of forest biomass critical

Role of forests in global carbon cycle and relation to atmospheric CO2 requires knowledge of stocks, disturbance and recovery Potential pool when burned or cleared Important habitat characteristic