非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词是指在句中不充当谓语成分,通常以动词原形或动词的其他非限定形式呈现的动词。
非谓语动词的时态和语态主要根据上下文确定,本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态的使用。
一、非谓语动词的时态1. 不定式:不定式作为非谓语动词形式,不受时态的限制,通常表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如:- To understand English well, one must practice every day.(为了能够很好地理解英语,人们必须每天练习。
)- I forgot to buy milk on the way home.(我从没想到,在回家的路上忘了买牛奶。
)2. 现在分词:现在分词作为非谓语动词形式,通常表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或一般性的动作。
例如:- Walking along the street, I noticed a small cafe.(在街上走的时候,我注意到了一家小咖啡馆。
)- The teacher was talking to the students, explaining the new lesson.(老师正在和学生们谈话,解释新的课程。
)3. 过去分词:过去分词作为非谓语动词形式,通常表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如:- Having finished his homework, the boy went out to play.(孩子做完作业后,出去玩了。
)- The injured man was taken to the hospital, accompanied by his family.(受伤的人被他的家人陪同着送到了医院。
)二、非谓语动词的语态非谓语动词的语态主要包括主动语态和被动语态,具体如下:1. 不定式的语态:不定式的语态通常与主句的语态保持一致。
例如:- She wants to be promoted.(她想要升职。
初中英语非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的时态和语态形式一、非谓语动词的时态(不含过去分词)一般式:非谓语动词的一般式表示的动作可以与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前或之后。
I saw he go out/going out.He stood there crying.He insisted on joining the army.Thank you for giving us so much help.完成式:非谓语动词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前I am sorry to have kept you waiting.He was praised for having taught for 60 years.Having finished the work he went home.不定式的完成式和完成进行式:只有动词不定式有这两种时态。
其进行式表示的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生;其完成进行式表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前一直进行。
They seems to be getting along well now.We’re happy to have been working with you.二、非谓语动词的语态(不含过去分词)一般被动式I’m glad to be invited here.He did it without being asked.The building being built is our school.The book is said to have been translated into chinese.It’ said that 据说…sb./sth. be said to do sth.据说某人某物…She has no memory of having been praised.The plan having been made, he carried it out at once.。
非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用
非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用1. 引言非谓语动词是指在句子中作为动词主语、宾语、定语或状语的动词形式,它不具备时态和语态的变化。
本文将探讨非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用。
2. 非谓语动词的时态非谓语动词的时态由谓语动词的时态决定,主要分为三种:一般式、完成式和进行式。
2.1 一般式一般式表示动作或状态的普遍性、客观真实性或习惯性。
常见的一般式非谓语动词有不定式、动名词和现在分词。
2.1.1 不定式不定式用于表示将来的动作或状态,也可用于表示目的、原因、结果等。
例如:- To study hard is important for students.(学生努力学习是重要的。
)- I need to finish my homework.(我需要完成作业。
)2.1.2 动名词动名词表示具体的、正在进行的动作或状态。
例如:- Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处。
)- I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)2.1.3 现在分词现在分词表示被动或进行的动作或状态。
例如:- The boy standing there is my brother.(站在那儿的男孩是我的弟弟。
)- The book written by him is famous.(由他写的那本书很有名。
)2.2 完成式完成式表示动作已经完成或发生在谓语动词之前。
常见的完成式非谓语动词有完成式不定式、完成式动名词和过去分词。
2.2.1 完成式不定式完成式不定式表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。
例如:- He seems to have forgotten everything.(他似乎忘记了一切。
)- I am glad to have finished the task.(我很高兴完成了任务。
)2.2.2 完成式动名词完成式动名词表示在谓语动词之前完成的动作。
例如:- Having studied for two hours, he finally understood the concept.(经过两个小时的学习,他终于理解了这个概念。
中的非谓语动词的时态和语态变化规则
中的非谓语动词的时态和语态变化规则非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
在句子中,非谓语动词有时态和语态的变化规则。
本文将讨论中的非谓语动词的时态和语态变化规则。
时态变化规则:1. 不定式:中的不定式常用于表示目的、结果、原因等,不定式的时态不随主要谓语动词的时态而变化。
例如:- They went to the park to play.(他们去公园玩。
)- She wants to learn English.(她想学英语。
)2. 动名词:中的动名词通常表示动作、状态等,动名词的时态与主要谓语动词的时态保持一致。
例如:- He enjoys swimming in the lake.(他喜欢在湖里游泳。
)- I am considering buying a new car.(我正在考虑买一辆新车。
)3. 分词:中的分词作定语、表语或状语,根据上下文需要,分词的时态主要有以下几种形式:- 一般现在分词:表示主动、客观,与主语的时态一致。
例如:- The running water sounds pleasant.(流动的水听起来很悦耳。
)- The book being read by the students is mine.(学生们正在读的书是我的。
)- 过去分词:表示被动、完成或状态,根据上下文需要,可能需要加上助动词“be”,并与主语的时态一致。
例如:- The broken vase was thrown away.(被打破的花瓶被扔掉了。
)- I have finished the work assigned by the manager.(我已经完成了经理分配给我的工作。
)语态变化规则:1. 不定式的语态变化较为简单,一般使用主动语态,常用形式为“to + 动词原形”。
如果需要使用被动语态,可以使用“to be + 动词的过去分词”形式。
例如:- He wants to go to the library.(他想去图书馆。
系统学习语法非谓语动词的时态与语态变化
系统学习语法非谓语动词的时态与语态变化语法非谓语动词是英语中的一个重要语法点,其时态与语态的变化是我们学习英语的基础。
本文将系统介绍语法非谓语动词的时态变化和语态变化,旨在帮助读者更好地理解和运用这一语法知识点。
一、时态变化1. 现在分词(Present Participle)的时态变化现在分词表示正在进行或同时发生的动作,其时态的变化相对简单,即在动词的原形(V1)后加-ing。
例如:- 我现在在读书。
I am reading now.2. 过去分词(Past Participle)的时态变化过去分词表示已经完成的动作或状态,其时态的变化需要根据不同的情况来判断。
- 若是规则动词,则在动词的原形(V1)后加-ed。
例如:- 我昨天洗了衣服。
I washed the clothes yesterday.- 若是不规则动词,则需要根据动词的不规则变化形式进行变化。
例如:- 我吃了晚饭。
I have eaten dinner.3. 动词不定式(Infinitive)的时态变化动词不定式表示目的或未来的动作,其时态的变化相对简单,即在动词的原形(V1)前加to。
例如:- 我打算明天去购物。
I plan to go shopping tomorrow.二、语态变化语态是英语中的一个重要语法点,包括主动语态和被动语态。
在非谓语动词中,语态的变化需要根据时态来确定。
1. 主动语态(Active Voice)的语态变化主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,变化相对简单,即保持非谓语动词的原形形式。
例如:- 我正在听音乐。
I am listening to music.2. 被动语态(Passive Voice)的语态变化被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,变化需要根据不同的时态来确定。
- 现在分词的被动语态变化为:be + being + 过去分词例如:- 她正在被教授指导。
She is being taught by the professor.- 过去分词的被动语态变化为:be + 过去分词例如:- 他被邀请参加宴会。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
注意①动名词的复合结构就是在动名词前加上它的逻辑主语。
其形式为:名词所有格/普通格/人称代词宾格/形容词性物主代词+动名词。
His not coming to my birthday party made me a little anxious.他没来我的生日聚会使我有点担心。
I remember Jane's/Jane going there.我记得简去过那里。
②过去分词本身表被动完成,所以没有主动语态和被动语态之分。
③非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前加not。
2.作结果状语动词不定式作结果状语,其逻辑主语通常亦是全句的主语。
常在so/such ...as to, enough to ...,only to ...以及too ...to ...等结构中表示结果。
He hurried to the station only to find the train had already left.他匆忙赶到车站,发现火车已经离开。
3.作原因状语不定式作状语表示原因,往往用在表示情感或态度的形容词后。
She was glad to hear the news that she had passed the driving test.听到她通过驾照考试的消息后,她很高兴。
4.作条件状语不定式作状语表条件,可改成相对应的条件状语从句。
To turn to the left(=If you turn to the left), you could find a big park.向左拐,你会发现一个大公园他们的车被困在了拥挤的交通中,因此耽搁了。
(6)表示方式或伴随情况,翻译时一般译成并列复合句。
He made the boy sit there, promising he would not hurt him.他让男孩坐在那,答应不伤害他。
The professor came into the classroom,followed by some students.教授走进教室,几个学生跟在后面。
英语非谓语
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词:done。
其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行;过去分词表示被动和完成。
非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分,表达不同的意义,具体如下表:非谓语动词的时态和语态:一般式:不定式:主动to do ,被动to be done ; ing 形式:主动doing ,被动being done ;过去分词:被动done完成式:不定式:主动to have done ,被动to have been done;ing 形式:主动having done,被动having been done进行式:不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,(to)+ do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not + (to) do 如:(1)作主语:动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
(2)作表语:动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语,与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。
如:Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema.他有很多工作要做,所以没去电影院。
表1:非谓语动词的时态和语态
表1:非谓语动词的时态和语态
概说:非谓语动词指动词的不用于作谓语的三种变化形式,即:不定式、V-ing形式(据其在句子中的作用又分为动名词和现在分词)、过去分词。
它们具有如下共同特征:无人称与数的变化;有时态和语态的变化、有主语(逻辑的)、能够带状语、及物动词或及物性短语动词变来的非谓语动词有其自身的宾语。
否定式都在前加not。
能作谓语以外的很多成分。
表2:非谓语动词的句法功能(1)
表3:非谓语动词的句法功能(2)
表4:非谓语动词的句法功能(3)。
非谓语动词的时态与语态
表3 There is no+doing…
(1)
(2) 表4
There is no telling what he is going to do.
There is no saying what may happen.
It’s+Adj. (nice, dangerous, tiring, senseless, expensive, enjoyable)+doing (1) (2) It will be nice seeing them again. It’s expensive running this car.
Lesson 2
非谓语
非谓语动词的时态与语态 1.动词不定式
例句:(1)Tell her we shall be delighted to come.
(2)She is waiting to hear your answer. (3)She is said to have written a new book about peasants. (4)She seemed to have heard about it already,.
非谓语动词的用法 作主语: 1不定式作主语 表1 To +V……+V When(疑问副词)+to+V…+V For Sb.+to+V (1) To persevere means victory. (2) When to start remains undecided. (3) For us to be red and expert is not only necessary but also possible. (注)不定式作主语,常用it 做形式主语改写成下列句型
非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用和非谓语动词的种类和非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用
非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用和非谓语动词的种类和非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用非谓语动词指的是不具备主谓关系的动词形式,它可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等成分。
非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中起到了很重要的作用,并且还有多种类型和不同的位置和作用。
本文将对非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用、非谓语动词的种类以及非谓语动词在句子中的位置和作用进行探讨。
一、非谓语动词的时态和语态在句子中的运用在句子中,非谓语动词可以使用不同的时态和语态来表达不同的动作状态和语气。
下面是非谓语动词的时态和语态的运用情况:1. 一般式和完成式非谓语动词的一般式常用于表示与主句谓语所表示的动作同时或在之前发生的动作,如:She enjoys dancing.(她喜欢跳舞。
)而完成式常用于表示发生在谓语之前的动作,如:Having finished her work, she went home.(她完成工作后回家了。
)2. 进行式非谓语动词的进行式表示主句谓语所表示的动作正在进行中,如:I saw him running in the park.(我看见他在公园里跑。
)3. 被动语态非谓语动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,如:The book was written by him.(这本书是他写的。
)二、非谓语动词的种类非谓语动词按照形式可以分为动名词、不定式和分词,它们在句子中具有不同的用法和功能。
1. 动名词动名词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
例如:Smoking is harmful to health.(吸烟对健康有害。
)动名词可以用来表示一种习惯或者一般的行为。
2. 不定式不定式是动词的一种形式,可以表达出动作的目的、愿望、能力、推测等。
例如:He wants to learn a new language.(他想要学一门新的语言。
)不定式可以用来表示一个人的目标或者动作的原因。
非谓语动词语法讲解
单击此处可添加副标题
I prefer to stay at home today.(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling.(惯常行为) 一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如:realize,know,understand,see,lose等,多用不定式 如:I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.
作 定 语
作 状 语
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,只能用作状语.
ed as a means of traffic in China,the bike is very useful. Written in simple English, the book is easy to read 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you. 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing. Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,
▲B.在语态上,ing分词表“主动”,ed分词表“被动”(多为及物动词)
The platform having been built will be used to perform on. × 1.The platform built will be used to perform on. √ The platform which has been built will be used to perform on. √ 2. Having given her opinion about the building, she left the meeting. Having been used for a long time, the computer needs repairing.
非谓语动词语态时态
△在“too…to…”结构中表“太…结果不能”,如:He is too weak to do the work.
注:too之前如果有only, only too 表“非常”、“很”意,此时不定式不再表否定意,而表肯定意。如:They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。
另外,too后如果是happy, glad之类形容词时,不定式也表肯定意,
如:She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.
△在“形容词/副词+enough+不定式”结构中表“足以能…”,如:He is strong enough to do the work.
6)状语: in order to
A.目的状语:She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.
to
注:in order to 可以位于句首或句中,so as to 不能位于句首。
B.原因状语: I’m glad to see you . 注:这种“be+形容词+不定式”结构,其不定式有时也可视为宾语,如:He is eager to go to college./ She is sure to come here.
如:It is kind of you to help me .(相当于You are kind to help me .)这类形容词有good, nice, kind, wise, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, careless, impolite(不礼貌)等。right, wrong既可用于for sb. to do sth. 也可用于of sb. to do sth. 例如:It’s right/wrong for him to do the work alone.
非谓语动词的时态和语态的转换
非谓语动词的时态和语态的转换非谓语动词是指不带有人称和数的动词形式,主要包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
在使用非谓语动词时,我们需要注意时态和语态的转换问题。
本文将详细介绍非谓语动词的时态和语态的转换方式,并给出一些使用示例。
一、动词不定式的时态和语态转换1. 一般时态转换:(1)主动形式的一般时态转为被动形式:to be + 过去分词例:I want to buy a new car.(我想买一辆新车。
)→ I want a new car to be bought.(我想要一辆新车被买。
)(2)被动形式的一般时态转为主动形式:to have done(表示将来完成)例:The house will be cleaned by me.(这个房子将会被我打扫。
)→ I will have cleaned the house.(我将会打扫这个房子。
)2. 进行时态转换:(1)主动形式的进行时态转为被动形式:to be + being + 过去分词例:She is singing a song.(她正在唱歌。
)→ A song is being sung by her.(一首歌正在被她唱。
)(2)被动形式的进行时态转为主动形式:to have been being + 过去分词例:The room was being cleaned by the maid.(这个房间正在被女仆打扫。
)→ The maid had been cleaning the room.(女仆一直在打扫这个房间。
)3. 完成时态转换:(1)主动形式的完成时态转为被动形式:to have been + 过去分词例:We have finished the project.(我们已完成这个项目。
)→ The project has been finished by us.(这个项目已由我们完成。
)(2)被动形式的完成时态转为主动形式:to have + done例:The book has been read by him.(这本书已被他阅读。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态和语态(最新版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如词性大全、句法大全、句型大全、从句大全、时态大全、语态大全、语法大全、虚拟语气、用法辨析、其他资料等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as part of speech, syntax, sentence pattern, clause, tense, voice, grammar, subjunctive, usage analysis, other materials, etc. If you want to know the different formats and writing methods of the model essay, please pay attention!非谓语动词的时态和语态1. 非谓语动词的时态不定式或现在分词的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,用完成式(过去分词没有完成式),否则,就用一般式。
非谓语用法总结-高考完整版
非谓语动词总结(高考完整版)一、非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)eg: The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)eg:The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)eg: She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
(2)动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)eg: Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
②被动式:being done(表示被动)eg: Freddy and his band could go nowhere without being followed by their fans.弗雷迪和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。
③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)eg: I have no idea of his having done such a thing against you.我不知道他做过这样一件违背你的事情。
④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)eg: Many customers complain of having been given short weight at that shop.很多顾客抱怨在那家商店被缺斤少两过。
非谓语动词的时态与语态
非谓语动词时态和语态的结构1. 不定式有哪些时态和语态呢主动被动一般时to do to be done进行时to be doing 无完成时to have done to have been done 完成进行式to have been doing 无2. 动名词的时态和语态主动被动一般时doing being done完成时having done having been done 3. 分词的时态和语态主动被动现在分词一般时doing being done现在分词完成时having done having been done 过去分词无done中考英语非谓语动词总结一.接动词不定式(to do/ do sth)1. do nothing but do sth除了做某事外不做任何事2. be supposed to do sth应该做某事;被期望干某事3. Let's (not ) do sthto do sthsb to do sthsb (not ) to do sthto do sth停下来去做某事sb (not ) to do sthsb do sth观察某人做某事's time (for sb) to do sth到了该去做某事的时间sb (to ) do sthdo sthsb do sth(not ) to do sth决定做某事it +adj + to do sthto do sth必须做某事(not ) to do sth尽力做某事one's best to do sth尽某人最大能力做某事's +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sthto do sth计划去做某事a good place to do sthtakes sb +some time + to do sth做某事花费某人多长时间sb to do sth派某人做某事sb to do sth邀请某人做某事to do sth忘记要去做某事to be +时间活到…able to do sth能够做某事sth to do 有事要做to do sth似乎做;好像sb /sth to do sth32.疑问词+ to do sthsth to do sth需要……做某事sth to do sth用某物来做某事sb to dosth跟随某人做某事to do sth需要做某事good time to do sth做某事的好时候best time to do sth 做某事的最好时间best way to do sth做某事最好的方法the first / last one to do sth最后一个或者第一个(人或事吧)去做某事like to do sth想要做某事excited /surprised to do sth对做某事感到兴奋useful to do sth有助于做某事allowed to do sth被允许做某事sb to do sth允许某人做某事's better to do sth干某事比较好's best to do sthcare (not) to do sth小心(不要)做某事sb do sth看见某人做了某事not do sthenough time to do sth有足够的时间干某事…to do sth太…以至于不能…enough to do sth 不-----足够做某事sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事to do sth选择做某事to do sth等着做某事happy/glad/pleased to do sth高兴做某事it +adj + to do sthcareful to do sth小心做某事afraid to do sth害怕去做某事's our duty to do sth做某事是我们的责任to do sth过去常做某事't afford to do sth不能担负起干某事a decision to do sth决定做某事an opportunity to do sth有做某事的机会for sb to do sth等待某人做某事do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事rather do sth than do sth宁愿做某事不愿做某事to do sth匆忙去做某事to do sth拒绝干某事to do sth同意干某事to do sth假装做某事to be doing sth假装正在做某事to do sth更喜欢做某事not to do sthto do sth raher than do sthwilling to do sth乐意去做某事+时间/ 钱+ to do sthto do sth自愿去做某事to do sth提出要做…to do sth赶着做某事order (not ) to do sth为了做某事certain to do sth一定做…sure to do sth一定会做某事plans to do sth制定计划做某事out of one’s way to do sth特别费心地(为某人)做某事sb to do sth致使某人做某事88. warn sb to do sth警告某人做某事's one's turn to do sth该轮到某人做某事sb to do sth敦促某人做某事/Would you please (not) do sth 请你(不要)做某事好吗is great fun to do sth做…很有趣二、接动名词(doing sth)doing sthdoing sth喜欢做某事great fun doing sth做…玩得很高兴interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣for doing sth感谢某人做某事at sb doing sth看到某人做某事sb doing sth阻止某人做某事sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事+ v-ingthe (some )+v-ingHow doing sthdoing sth练习做某事sb doing sth观察某人正在做某事sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事(one's ) doing sth介意(某人)做某事。
高中语法专题解析非谓语动词的时态和语态转换
高中语法专题解析非谓语动词的时态和语态转换非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要部分,掌握好非谓语动词的时态和语态转换对于高中学生来说至关重要。
本文将针对非谓语动词的时态和语态转换进行专题解析,帮助同学们更好地理解和运用非谓语动词。
一、时态转换非谓语动词的时态转换主要包括三种形式:不定式、现在分词和过去分词。
1. 不定式不定式作为非谓语动词的一种形式,具有时态转换的特点。
不定式的一般式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生或与谓语动词同时进行;完成式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生。
例如:- To do(一般式): I plan to do my homework after school.(我打算放学后做作业。
)- To have done(完成式): I am glad to have finished my project.(我很高兴已经完成了我的项目。
)2. 现在分词现在分词作为非谓语动词的一种形式,表示同时或被动。
现在分词一般和谓语动词同时进行,常用于进行时态;被动式表示被动。
例如:- Doing(进行时): She is busy doing her homework.(她正忙着做作业。
)- Being done(被动式): The house is being cleaned by the workers.(房子正被工人们清洁。
)3. 过去分词过去分词作为非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成或被动。
过去分词和谓语动词之间有时间上的先后顺序,一般用于完成时态;被动式表示被动。
例如:- Done(完成时): I have already done my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。
)- Being done(被动式): The letter was being written when the phone rang.(电话响时,信正在被写。
)二、语态转换非谓语动词的语态转换主要有两种情况:主动语态转换为被动语态和被动语态转换为主动语态。
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The problem____ next is of great C ___ importance. The problem____ B now __ is of great importance. The problem____ now is of treat A just ______ importance. A.discussed B. being discussed C. to be discussed
如:There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need ________. (上海卷) A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving 【分析】答案选A。need improving=need to be improved。 that引导的从句与problem是同位语。
3. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. (全国卷) A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking 【分析】答案选A。句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系,“被带去看戏” 发生在“想(should love=want)”后,所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。 说明:①动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况: 在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时; 作定语修饰have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名词或代词时; 作表语的to blame等。 如:1. The text is difficult to learn. 这篇课文很难学。(to learn主动表被动) 2. We found the text difficult to learn.我们觉得这篇课文很难学。 (to learn主动表被动) 3. He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了责备。 (作表语的to blame主动表被动) ②need, want和require表示“需要表示”,主语通常是物时,后面除用 不定式的被动式外,也可用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动。
一般式
进行式
to do
to be doing
to be done
无
完成式
完成进 行式
to have done to have been done
To have been doing 无
分词的时态与语态:
主动形式 被动形式 现在 一般式 doing 分词 完成式 having done 过去 一般式 done 分词 being done having been done 无
根据上下文的谓语动词与非谓动词发生 的先后关系确定
---Li Ming is said ____ abroad. Do you know what A he studied in ? country B ---Yes, In London. A. to have studied C. to be studying studying
he will study in? he studies in?
C
B. to study D. to have been
1. I don’t know whether you happen ________, (辽宁卷) A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 【分析】答案选D。hear发生在谓语don’t know之前,用不定式的完成式。 句意是:我不知道你是否已经听说过了,今年九月我要去美国学习。 2. The old man, ________ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 【分析】答案选D。work发生在谓语(返回祖国)之前,用现在分词的完成式作状语, 表示时间,相当于after he has worked abroad…不定式作状语不能表示时间。
Would you mind opening the window?
⑶发生在谓语动作之前(固定用法) : I remember mailing the letter. ⑷没有明确的先后关系(泛指、常理): Teaching is learning. Learning a foreign language is not easy.
• ⑴ 表示将来,即表示发生在谓语动作之 后的动作: • We decided to leave early. • He asked me to buy him some paper. • ⑵表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于 谓语动作的动作: Who heard him say that? I’m sorry to hear that.
2.having done: 动名词完成式主要表示发生在谓语 动作之前的动作或状态: He forgot having promised to write her. I have no idea of his having done such a thing.
根据非谓自带的时间状语确定主动或被动的 具体形式
不定式的完成式.
表示在谓语动作之前发出的动作。
The novel was said to have been published. I mean to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so.
⑵表示过去未曾实现的愿望: I should like to have come earlier. We were to have been married last year.
非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式的时态与语态: 1.不定式的时态与语态的基本形 式(以do为例)
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
进行式
to do
to be doing
to be done
无
完成式
完成进 行式
to have done to have been done
To have been doing 无
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
• 不定式一般式的用法:
不定式进行式的用法: ⑴表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行 的动作: He seems to be saying something. He is thought to be hiding in the woods. ⑵正如可用进行式表将来一样,不定式进 行式有时也 可表将来: The old man seems to be dying. He was happy to be coming home.
• 1.doing(一般式)表示的动作可以与谓 语动作同时,也可以在谓语动作之前或 之后,有时没有明确的先后关系: • ⑴与谓语动作同时发生: • He kept smiling. • Everyone is practicing speaking English.
⑵发生在谓语动作之后(固定用法) He advised leaving early.
(我们原打算去年结婚。)
不定式完成进行式的用法: 表示在谓语动作之前一直在进行 的动作: You seem to have been writing very long. The battle was said to have been going on for two days.
主动语态
被动语态