Exercise 8-1 语言学第八章

Exercise 8-1

I. Choose the best answer.

1. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning ___D___ is considered.

A. reference

B. speech act

C. practical usage

D. context

2. A sentence is a __B__ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.

A. pragmatic

B. grammatical

C. mental

D. conceptual

3. If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes a (n) __C__.

A. constative

B. directive

C. utterance

D. expressive

4. Speech act theory did not come into being until __A___.

A. in the late 50’s of the 20the century

B. in the early 1950’s

C. in the late 1960’s

D. in the early 21st century

5. __C__ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.

A. A locutionary act

B. An illocutionary act

C. A perlocutionary act

D. A performative act

6. According to Searle, the illocutionary point of the representative is __B_.

A. to get the hearer to do something

B. to commit the speaker to something’s being the case

C. to commit the speaker to some future course of action

D. to express the feelings or attitude towards an existing state of affairs

7. All the acts that belong to the same category share the same purpose, but they differ ___C___.

A. in their illocutionary acts

B. in their intentions expressed

C. in their strength or force

D. in their effect brought about

Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and inherent. F

2. It would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the context of language use was left unconsidered. T

3. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered. T

4. The meaning of a sentence is abstract, but context-dependent. F

5. The meaning of an utterance is decontexualized, therefore stable. F

6. Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle. F

7. Speech act theory started in the l ate 50’s of the 20th century. T

8. Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative. T

Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks.

The notion of __context___ is essential to the pragmatic study of language.

If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of communication, it becomes