英语中的定语
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英语中的定语The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue 修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy.(handsome修饰名词boy)/Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy.(good修饰名词boy)/有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.(two修饰名词boy:two修饰名词pen)/两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students.(two修饰名词boy)/这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room.(two修饰名词boy)/房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen.(his修饰名词boy;Tom’s修饰名词pen)/他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom.(his修饰名词name)/他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Tom's there.(two修饰名词boy;of与物主代词连用做定语修饰名词boy)/那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.(in the classroom 修饰名词boy;of yours修饰名词pen)/教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom.(in blue修饰名词boy)/穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.(two,three,of 9和of10修饰名词boy)/有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语The boy needs a ball pen.(ball修饰名词pen)/男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen.(ball修饰名词pen)/这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.(the pencil box修饰名词ball pen )/这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语The boy there needs a pen.(there修饰名词boy)/那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom.(best修饰名词boy)/这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定语The boy to write this letter needs a pen.(to write this letter 修饰名词boy)/写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The boy to write this letter is Tom.(to write this letter 修饰名词boy)/将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today.(to do 修饰名词nothing)/今天没有事要做。
分词(短语)作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.(smiling 修饰名词boy;bought by his mother修饰名词pen)/那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China.(bought by her 修饰名词pen;bought by her 修饰名词pen)/她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left.(five修饰名词boy;left修饰名词boy)/有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.(who is reading 修饰名词boy;which you bought yesterday修饰名词pen)/那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom.(you will know 修饰名词boy)/你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game.(who will play the game修饰名词boy)/参加游戏的男孩有五个。
定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
1)定语前置
在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词,形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵循的词序为:限观形龄色国材,指:限定词(一般指数量);外观(美丽等);形状(大小,高矮,肥瘦);年龄;颜色;国籍;材料;用途。如:
1限定词 2 外观3形状4年龄5颜色6国籍7材料8用途
A famous American university.
An interesting little red French oil painting.
A new plastic bucket.
A purple velvet curtains
An elegant German clock
另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序:
(1) 描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词
例如:a small lovely girl , a long patient queue , a pale anxious patient ;
(2) 表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后
例如:a kindly black teacher ,an inquisitive brown dog ;
(3) little ,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之前,
例如:a lovely little girl
(4) 表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如:
a young ambitious man (强调年龄) ,an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃) 。
当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得累赘,因此上面所说的情况一
般较少出现.
2)定语后置
(1)短语作定语一般后置
It was a conference fruitful of results. 那是一个硕果累累的会议。
He gave me a basket full of eggs. 他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。