学位英语复习大纲

学位英语复习大纲
一词汇
学位英语词汇为3800。

阅读理解占了60分。

这说明单词的重要性。

因而要制定相应的计划，每天坚持记一定的单词。

在此总结一些记单词的方法
1.根据构词法记单词
①合成法，即把两个或两个以上有独立词义的单词结合在一起构成另一个单词如：mate为“伙伴”之意，由此可知Classmate(同学)—deskmate(同桌) —schoolmate(校友) —roomlmate(室友) —workmate(工友)
②转化即由一个词类转化为另一个词类，如：
I want to drink some water. (n.水) I want to water some flowers. (n.水)
③派生法，即用词缀和词根结合构成单词的方法，其中词根确定单词的基本意义，词缀又分为前缀和后缀，前缀用来改变词义，后缀用来放心变词性，如考纲词汇中对act的词的记忆：Act(词根)—active—actor—actress—action—activity
通过记住act词根的基本意思，再记住常用的一些后缀，从而记住这一系列的单词，大大减轻了记单词的压力。

如：happy(adj.幸福的)—happily(adv.幸福地)—happiness(n.幸福)
unhappy(adj.不幸的)—unhappily(adv.不幸地)—unhappiness(n.不幸)
常见的有明确意义的词缀
①否定前缀，表否定的含义，如：
lucky(幸运的)—unlucky(不幸的)
fair(公平的)—unfair(不公平的)
polite(礼貌)—impolite（不礼貌）
direct(直接的) —indirect（间接的）
ir+以r开头的单词regular规则的—irregular不规则的
il+以l开头的单词legal合法的—illegal(非法的)
agree(同意) —disagree(不同意)
understand(理解) —misunderstand(不理解)
re-(又一次，再一次) read(读)—reread(重读)
通过加前缀改变了词义
②加后缀改变了词性，常见后缀
常见表示“人”的名词后缀
-ee（表示接受动作的人）employ（v.雇佣）—employee（v.雇员，受雇佣者）
-er(or)表示与原单词有关的人，如teach(教) —teacher(老师)
Act(表演) —actor(演员)
-ist omony(经济学) —ecomonist(经济学家)
-less 示adj.的否定后缀) color(颜色) —colorless(无颜色的)
-able(ible)能够的，易于的breakable 容易碎的
-ance(ence)名语后缀differ(v.不同)—difference(n.不同)
-tion名词后缀protect(v.保护) —protection(n.保护)
- sion名词后缀decide(v.决定) —decision(n.决定)
-ment(名词后缀) agree(v.同意)—agreement(n.同意)
-ness(名词后缀) ill(adj.生病的) —illness(n.后病)
-ful(形容词后缀) care(v.小心)—careful(adj.小心的)
-ive(形容词后缀) act(v.表演)—active(adj.活跃的)
-y(形容词后缀) anger(n.生气) —angry(adj.生气的)
-ly(副词) full(adj.满的) —fully(adv.全部的)注：lovely(可爱的)、friendly(友好的)除外
-en(动词后缀) bright（adj.明亮的）—brighten(v.使明亮)
-teen表示加n的数字后缀four(四) —fourteen（十四）
-ty表示加n的数字后缀four(四) —forty（四十）
-th表示数字的后缀，即“第几”four(四) —fourth（第四）
派学构成法常在阅读理解中加以考查，主要是给一个单词结合上下文，猜出它的意思。

2、根据音节去记单词
如：introduction—in tro duc tion
congratulation—con gra tu la tion
invitation—in vi ta tion
sympathy—sym pa thy
possibility—po ss ibi li ty
越长的单词根据音节越容易记。

3、记住音词的词性，因为词性不同，用法不同。

二．语法:语法分为词法和句法。

词法了解十大词类的用法，即名词，动词，形容词，副词，代词，数词，冠词，介词，连词，感叹词的用法
1．名词大纲要求掌握：
一、可数名词与不可数名词有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词，在另一种场合下是不可数名词。

如room 房间(可数)，空间(不可数)time 时间(不可数)，次数(可数)fish 鱼(不可数)，各种各样的鱼(可数)
比较下列例句：There are nine rooms in the house. (房间，可数名词)
There isn't enough room for us three in the car . (空间，不可数名词)
二、可数名词的复数形式★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式，和复合名词变复数。

如，man doctor(男医生) 变复数时两个单词都要变，即变为men doctors ,woman nurse (女护士) 变复数时两个单词都要变，即变为women nurses 但，boy student, girl student 不能这样变，只在student后加s 就行了。

即变为: boy students ,girl students.
三、名词的所有格如果名词已经有了复数词尾s，则只需加'.如：the teachers' books，my parents' car.时间名词的所有格在后面加's ，复数加' .如：today's newspaper，five minutes' walk.当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由“of”短语构成。

如：the top of the world，the cover of the book，China's capital.加's 或' 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。

如：the grocer's，the tailor's，the Smith's .
四、名词在句子中的作用名词试题
1．The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.
A. some sugar
B. some sugars
C. a sugar
D. sugars
suger 不可数名词答案A take medcine 吃药
2.. “I like your furniture very much.”
“Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing.” A. the most of them B. the most of it C. most of them D. most of it furniture 不可数名词答案D
3. Jim was upset last night because he had to do too______.
A. many homework
B. a few homeworks
C. few homeworks
D. much homework
homework 不可数名词答案D
4. I'm going away for a ______.
A. holiday of a week
B. week holiday
C. holiday week
D. week's holiday
表示时间的名词所有格可以在其后加's .答案D
2 冠词大纲要求：
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.表示“一”的含义。

Give me a pen please.
2.泛指某个人或东西。

Yesterday we visited an English secondary school
3.表示一类人或东西。

He works as a language teacher in that university.可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。

一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。

二、定冠词的基本用法
1用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。

the poor 穷人the rich 富人the wounded 受伤的the sick 生病的人the beautiful 美丽的事物the old 老年the young 年青人
2.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。

January is the first month of the year.The sun rises in the east.Japan lies to the east of China.Beijing lies in the north of China.Ireland lies on the Great Britain.
At the Children's Palace，some children learn to play the piano，others learn to play the violin.
Last week we went to the theatre.Among the three girls she speaks English the best.
“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前面不加冠词。

We are walking south.
形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。

Monday is my busiest day.
3.用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。

The Lius have moved to Guangzhou.The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.
4、不加冠词的基本规则
1.季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。

If winter comes can spring be far behind?
We have few classes on Sunday. 10.1 is National Day.
2.表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定冠词。

What did you have for lunch Dinner is ready.
Let's go and watch them play chess. My elder brother likes to play football.
The boys are learnig to play the guitar.play the piano play the violin
3.有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。

at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning
in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town
in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance)
as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold
5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。

Without any news from Tom for a long time，his father left for Shanghai to see him. They will travel by air.I will help you for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of 因为)
I will go to school on foot.My mother is in hospital He has been in prison for two years. 典型例题
1. ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II.
A. The; the
B. A; the
C. The; /
D. A; /
World War II是专有名词答案：C
2. Can you play _____?
A. piano
B. pianos
C. a piano
D. the piano答案：D
3. “You've been very busy lately.”
“So busy I haven't had time to clean my house. There is _____ wherever you look.”
A. dust
B. a dust
C. the dust
D. dusts dust 是不可数名词答案：A
3 代词1）人称代词的主格宾格
2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
3）反身代词4）提示代词5）不定代词6）it的用法
1.作句子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。

It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise.
2．作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。

They all regard it their duty to help the poor people.
I don't think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.(It's worthwhile doing. 做……事是值得的
3．构成强调句型。

当强调的部分是主语，并且主语是人时，句型中的that 也可以换作who。

强调句基本构成it is that…
It is in the room that we met each other for the first time.
It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.(not until 直到……才)
It was they who attended the meeting last week.
It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it.
考试重点
that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。

而可数名
词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。

that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。

不定代词中，both 放在实意动词前，系动词be 的后面。

every只能跟名词，each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。

every在代词部分要出现当每隔……讲。

few, a few, many 修饰或指代可数名词，little, a little, much修饰或指代不可数名词。

few, little表示否定。

one the other，some others，the others it用法重点就是强调句。

it作为形式宾语时不接is。

代词部分的难点之一是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。

顾名思义，形容词型物主代词起的是形容词的作用，在句子中只能作定语，名词型物主代词起的是名词的作用，代替上文出现的名词，在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语等。

Let's clean their room first and ______ later
. A. our B. us C. we D. ours (答案为D，ours 相当于our room。

)
代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。

如some, any, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, one, none, all, both, either, neither, each, every, other, another, 以及some, any, no, every 与body, one, thing 构成的合成代词。

（1）泛指与特指。

如：another, other, others 是泛指，the other, the others是特指。

（2）肯定与否定。

如：a few, a little, either, some 及其合成代词表示肯定，few, little, none, neither, any 及其合成代词表示否定。

（3）可数与不可数。

如：few, a few, many, one 修饰或指代可数名词，little, a little, much 修饰或指代不可数名词。

代词部分的另一个考核点是it。

it 可以代替上文出现的单数事物。

The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class. (it 指代the picture。

)
it takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事
It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop.
He made it plain that he was annoyed with me.
it 还可以构成强调句型，即"It is / was +被强调的部分+ that …"。

当强调的部分是人，并且是主语时，that可以换成who。

强调句去掉it is / was 与that即成为普通的句子It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant.
It was she who / that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight.
典型例题
1. "How often do you take the medicine ?"
"______ four hours."
A. For
B. Any
C. Every
D. Each 答案C
2. "Is this bike yours?"
"No, it's ______."
A. Bob
B. Bobs
C. Bob's
D. Bobs' 答案C
3. "Is there ______ good on TV this evening?"
"Sorry, nothing good. "
A. nothing
B. something
C. anything
D. everything
肯定句中用something，否定句和疑问句中用anything。

答案C
四数词基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语，名词不能加s.。

数词部分需特别注意dozen，hundred，million，billion 等词。

表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式，表示不具体的数字时，须用dozens of，hundreds of 这类的结构。

I want three dozen of these.He has been there dozens of times.
It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm.
A. hundred
B. hundred of
C. hundreds of
D. some hundreds(答案C)
当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。

The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown.
Mary is a eleven-year-old girl.(Mary is eleven years old.)
1 “How many presidents were there before Abraham Lincoln?”
“Fifteen，so he was ______.”
A. the sixteen president
B. the sixteenth president
C. president sixteen
D. president the sixteenth
the sixteenth president 第十六任总统答案B
2. “What did the professor tell you to do?”
“I had to write a ______ report. ”
A. two thousand words
B. two-thousands-word
C. two-thousand-word
D. two-thousand words答案C
五形容词与副词
1、只能作表语的形容词。

2、特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。

3、比较级多用than，个别情况下用of the two。

比较时，前后成分一定一致。

4、the +比较级…，the+比较级
5、as+原级+as ，not as / so +原级+as
6、"as+原级+as"可以用来表示倍数。

He is almost as tall as his brother.
My father isn't as old as he looks.
This word is used less frequently in British English than in American English.
Spanish people usually speak more quickly than English people.
Winter is drawing near. It's getting colder and colder.
The more you practise writing, the better you will do it.
The more work we give our brains, the more work it is able to do.
典型例题：
1. We are not _______ to afford a car yet.
A. enough money
B. money enough
C. rich enough
D. enough rich
1、enough 作为形容词放在可数复数名词和不可数名词前。

Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch?
2、enough 作为代词。

Six bottles of wine will be enough.
3、enough 作为副词，放在动词、形容词和其他副词的后面。

You don't practice enough at the piano. 答案C
2. "It's six o'clock and your father is still at the office."
"I know, who else would _______ he does?
A. be as hard working as
B. as working harder than
C. do harder work
D. work as hard as as+原级+as 答案D
3. "Ralph seems to like this country."
"Yes, he is _______ here as he was at home."
A. almost as happy
B. as happy almost
C. as almost happy
D. almost happy as
as+原级+as almost (already)放在系动词be的后面，其他动词的前面。

答案Ａ
4. They say Mexico City is more populous than _______ in the world.
A. any city
B. any other city
C. any else city
D. any rest city
populous 人口众多的单数一定要跟单数比。

答案B
六介词
考试大纲要求：
1、常用介词及其词义;
2、介词与某些动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配;
3、介词短语及其用法. 介词考试重点：除了要掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配外，还需牢记一个基本点即，介词后面接的是宾语，因此跟在其后面的主要是代词、名词或动名词及其词组，或是宾语从句。

①I'm looking forward ____ you tomorrow.
A.to see
B. to seeing
C. seeing
D. see look forward to doing 答案B
七连词
大纲要求掌握并列连词及其用法;从属连词及其用法。

连词在句子中起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。

连词分为并列连词和从属连词，从属连词用于复合句中。

并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。

1. “I thought he hated the TV.”
“You are right，_______ he still watches the program.”
A. yet
B. besides
C. also
D. then yet 然而besides 除了also不是连词，不能连接句子
He is a teacher. I'm also a teacher.then 然后答案A
2. “You should put the money in the bank.”
“It's my money，_______ I can do whatever I want with it. ”
A. but
B. so
C. yet
D. or but 除了so 所以yet 然而or 或者答案B
八动词考试大纲要求
动词包括时态、被动语态、动名词、分词以及虚拟语气。

1）动词的分类：及物动词与不及物动词；连系动词；助动词；情态动词。

动词类型在句子中的用法
及物动词后面接宾语
不及物动词后面不接宾语，或接"介词/副词+宾语"
连系动词后面接表语
助动词后面接动词原形
情态动词后面接动词原形，或接动词的完成式
2）动词的基本形式：动词原形、过去分词、现在分词；过去式，第三人称单数
3）动词主要时态的构成及其用法。

包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，完成进行时，一般将来时，将来完成时，过去将来时。

（1）只要时间状语是by the end of last……,主句的谓语动词绝对用过去完成时；如果把last 变为next ,主句的谓语动词绝对用将来完成时。

（2）By the time 从句的时态是一般过去时，主句谓语绝对采用过去完成时；如果by the time 从句的时态是一般现在时，主句谓语绝对采用将来完成时。

典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made
B. is making
C. was making
D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。

同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
read； was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。

描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。

句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。

"句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。

一般现在时代替将来时时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时
When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately
He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。

典型例题
(1）He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment.
A. had not given; had not succeeded
B. would not give; succeed
C. will not give; succeed
D. would not give; will succeed.
答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。

本题有He said，故为过去式。

主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。

(2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。

The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。

(实际上每天如此。

) 一般现在时代替过去时
1 )"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。

The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow.
报纸上说明天会很冷的。

2) 叙述往事，使其生动。

Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.
一般现在时代替完成时
1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时：
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"
3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
一般现在时代替进行时
1) 句型：Here comes…； There goes…
Look, here comes Mr. Li.
现在进行时代替将来时
1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。

Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗?
We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。

2) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。

He is dying.
时态一致
1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。

At that time, people did not know that the earth moves.
He told me last week that he is eighteen.
2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。

He thought that I need not tell you the truth.
时态与时间状语
一般现在时every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,
一般过去时yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
一般将来时next…, tomorrow, in+时间,
现在完成时for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently
过去完成时before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
过去进行时this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
将来进行时soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
4）动词的被动语态
1. 一般现在时的被动语态：
承受者+be{is/am/are +done（过去分词） by+执行者 .
E.g.： Many schools are built（done） every year in the city.
note：｛地点状语，时间状语一般都放在句末；in the city 特指
其中 be 的使用取决于主语的单复形式。

A lot of修饰可数和不可数名词
Many修饰可数名词
Mach修饰不可数名词
主动： They all read（原形） English every day.
被动：English read （过去分词）by all of them every day. 主动：Mother often scolds me.
被动：I am often scolded by mother.
2. 一般过去式的被动语态：
承受者+be{was/were +done（过去分词） by+执行者（不明确可省略）。

E.g.：主动：He repaired his bike yesterday.
被动：His bike was repaired by him yesterday.
主动：Children cleaned many streets last Sunday.
被动：Many streets were cleaned by children last Sunday.
3. 现在进行时的被动语态：
承受者+be{is/am/are being（现在分词）done by+执行者（不明确可省略）。

E.g. 主动： He is writing his composition.
被动：His composition is being written by him.
Note： write/wrote/wtitten
4. 过去进行时的被动语态：
承受者+be{was/were｝ being（现在分词）done by+执行者（不明确可省略）。

E.g. 主动：He was majoring computer during his college.
被动：Computer was being majored by him during his college.
5. 将来时的被动语态：
承受者+｛be going to/will/shall（be动词原形）/be to｝be done by+执行者（不明确时可省略）。

E.g.1 A big supermarket will/shall/be to be built here next year
Note ： be to ：计划或安排好的动作或行为。

E.g.2 The flight is to leave for Hefei city.
6. 现在完成时的被动语态：
承受者+have（复数主语）/has been done by+执行者（不明确可省略）
E.g. 主动：Our School has finished many scientific researches.
被动：Many scientific researches have been finished by our school.
7. 将来时态的被动语态：
承受者+｛be going to/will/shall/be to｝have been done by+执行者
E.g. 主动：We‘ ll have finished the book by the end of September.
被动： The book will/shall have been finished by the end of September
Note： by the end of 短语的用法
（1） Will have done by the end of +将来时态
（2） Had done by the end of +过去完成时态
E.g. The project had been made by the end of last week.
5）情态动词及其基本用法。

情态动词部分除了应了解每个词的具体含义之外，情态动词的否定是在后面加not。

特别要注意had bette和would rather的否定。

ought to的否定是ought not to。

would rather后面接句子只能用一般过去时。

can、could、may、might、must、ought to、should后接动词完成式表示对过去事情的猜测。

“may/might + 现在完成时”表示“也许已经……了”；
“must + 现在完成时”表示“肯定……了”；
“can / could + 现在完成时”表示“本来是能够……的（实际上未）”；
“should/ought to + 现在完成时”表示“本应该……（实际上未）”。

1.That was in March. You may / might have read about it in the newspapers.
2.The house is dark; the Browns _______ to bed.
A. may go
B. should go
C. should have gone
D. must have gone (答案D)
3.Her husband could have helped her, but he chose not to.(choose)
4.You _______ yesterday if you were really serious about the job.
A.ought to come
B. ought come
C. ought to have come
D. ought have come (答案C serious 严肃的)
此外，考生还应注意need和dare这两个词，它除了是情态动词外，还可以是实义动词，在不同的情况下用法有差别
6）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的形式及主要用法。

要点1 学会分析一道题缺少谓语还是非谓语。

要点2 区别不定式、动名词、分词作定语。

要点3 分词完成式仅作状语，不作定语。

要点4 动名词的逻辑主语。

要点5 分词作宾语补足语。

非谓语动词五大陷阱
陷阱一：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查省略句
1.The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ______ every day.
A.watered
B.watering
C. water
D.to water
【解析】答案选A。

unless watered可视为unless they are watered之省略。

又如：Unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers. 这项法令除非进行修改，否则将给农民的生活造成困难(from )。

2. No matter how frequently ______, the works of Beethoven still attract people all o ver the world.
A. performed
B. performing
C. to be performed
D. being performed
陷阱二：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是形容词的用法
1. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ i n his lectures.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. interest
D. to interest
【解析】答案选A。

过去分词interested在此已转化为形容词，interested in意为“对……感趣”。

2. ______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising
B. Surprised
C. Being surprised
D. To be surprising
【解析】答案选B。

由于与形容happy并列，故可排除C和D。

又因为是用以说明主语Tony的心情，故用surprised，不用surprising (from )。

陷阱三：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查某种句式
1. —It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
—___A___ her this weekend?
A. Why not visit
B. Why not to visit
C. Why not visiting
D. Why don’t visit
【解析】答案选A。

Why not…为英语中常用句式，用于提出建议，其后只接动词原形，不接不定式或现在分词。

注意不能选D，但是若D改为Why don’t you visit也可以选。

2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better ______ it—you’ve got some big bills coming
A. forget
B. forgot
C. forgetting
D. to forget
【解析】答案选A。

此处的better实为you’d better之省略。

根据英语习惯，had better 之后只能接动词原形，故选A (from )。

陷阱四：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查祈使句
1. Mary, ______ here —everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come
B. comes
C. to come
D. coming
【解析】答案选A。

此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形。

2. —What should I do with this passage?
—_____the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out
B. Found out
C. Find out
D. To find out
【解析】答案选C。

此处考查祈使句的用法，故用动词原形。

其实，此题也可视为Yo u should find out…之省略。

陷阱五：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查并列句
1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and ___ __down to eat our picnic lunch.
A. sitting
B. having sat
C. to sit
D. sat
【解析】答案选D。

由句中的and可知，此句为并列结构，且空格处填sat，与其前的谓语动词found并列。

7）虚拟语气的常见形式及其基本用法。

1、常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。

2、虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾
语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。

3、主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。

4、含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。

上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。

下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。

句法
1 句子种类：陈述句，疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择特殊疑问句，反意疑问句），感叹句
疑问句部分需要注意附加疑问句。

（1）祈使句的反意问句（2）let’s开头的反意问句
（3）谓语为used to be 型的反意问句（4）含有否定词的反意问句
1．Don’t shout in the meeting room,______?
A. should you
B. will you
C. can you
D. could you
省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you
2.Let’s visit our uncle on the way home ,______?
A. will you
B. will we
C.do we
D. shall we注意：Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us开头的祈使句，后用will you D为答案
3Tom seldom visits his grandparents, ？
A .doesn’t he B. isn’t he C. does he D. is he
陈述部分用no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

C为答案
2 区分句子成分，主，谓，宾，定，状，补。

表。

3五种简单基本句型
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+系+表
4 复合句
要点一（1）what 与that (2) 形式主语与强调句
(3) 区别介词短语与从句(4) 掌握从句必须采用陈述语气（as、though 引导的让步状语除外）
1.It is impossible he will tell us has just done.
A. that what
B.what that
C.what what
D.that that A为答案
要点二状语从句部分的时间状语从句。

(1)掌握hardly…….when………..
No sooner…than………..
(2) 牢记the moment, the minute, each time ,by the time …….等短语可引导时间状语从句
要点三状语从句的结果状语
（1）掌握so 与such的区别
So 的使用公式：
so + adj + a/an + n
主语+谓语so + adj + that
so + adv
such的公式
主句+连系动词+ such + a/an + adj + n
主句+连系动词+ such + adj + n(可数复数) + that
主句+连系动词+ such + adj + n(不可数)
（2）掌握so ……that和such……that的倒装句式
要点四状语从句部分的让步状语
（1）三者的区别
. as ,though引导的让步状语从句的公式
名词/形容词+as +主语连系动词
副词+as+主语+行为动词
（2）让步状语从句不可以和并列连词but, and, for, so , therefore等同时用于一个句子中，但可以用still, yet,
要点五定语从句部分要点如下
（一）非限定性定语从句的两种类型
类型1. 第一种类型的非限定定语从句的先行词与定语从句的关系代词用逗号隔开，是因为两者关系不密切，从句仅对先行词起补充说明的作用。

Yesterday , I met a girl ,who was my deskmate in the Middle school.
We are going to spend this year’s Spring Festival in Hainan, where our parents lives.
类型2. 第二种类型的非限定性定语从句修饰的不是一个先行词，而是上文中的整个句子，这时引导词只能用which.
（二）当先行词为1、不定代词2、先行词被副词only,最高级、序数词修饰时，常用关系代词that 引导。

（三）what 不可以引导引导定语从句，但what =先行词+引导词
5 主语与谓语保持一致
要点1就近原则：not only.......but also; either.........or; neither........nor; or 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与第二个主语保持一致。

要点2 就远原则：在主语与谓语之间插入短语as well as ,together with, along with, with, except, but谓语动词不受插入语的影响仍和主语保持一致。

要点3 时间、距离、金钱等词语作主语表总量时，谓语动词用单数。