张菜园水闸毕业设计

摘要

根据南水北调引黄济卫规划，本闸建成后出闸水流将直接进入天然沉沙池，并可抬高池水位，增加库容，从而延长寿命。为此，要求根据水闸的功能，特点和运用要求，综合考虑地形、地质、水流、潮汐、泥沙、冻土、施工、管理、周围环境等因素，经过经济比较后选定。

水闸地址选择是水闸设计中的一项重要工作，闸址合适与否，不仅涉及到水闸建设的成败，并且关系到整个地区的经济发展，因此对闸址选择的工作应十分重视。

确定水闸闸址时应考虑的几个因素：

（1）地基条件是影响水闸总体布置的主要因素之一，应尽可能选择土质密实，均匀，压缩性较小和承载能力较大的良好地基。

（2）水流条件是另一主要因素，闸的位置应使进闸和出闸水流平顺，防止上、下游产生有害的冲刷和淤积。

（3）施工、管理条件也是闸址选择时需要考虑的一个因素，要求有足够宽广的施工场地，并尽可能使土方工程量最小。当水闸是整个枢纽的一个组成部分时，应根据枢纽工程总体布置做方案比较，得出水闸最优位置，以达到技术上先进与经济上合理的要求。

水力计算是水闸设计工作中最基本的工作，通过水闸进出型式及设计过流量，可确定闸孔总净宽，并确定出适宜孔数。总之，水闸的水力计算在很大程度上决定着水闸的规模。

防渗设计通过对闸基的有关渗透计算，应确定出水闸下层建筑物的合理地下轮廓及经济尺寸，验算闸室的稳定性。渗流计算宜采用上下游最大水位差，先按直线法拟定出其初步地下轮廓与尺寸，待闸室上下层建筑物设计趋于定型后，再用阻力系数法进行比较精确的计算。

水闸的结构计算主要集中在闸室设计工作中。为此，首先要确定闸室的结构组成与布置方案，然后根据使用要求和经验数据初步拟定出它们的主要尺寸。再对各组成结构进行结构计算，从而验证各承载部件的强度、稳定性及刚度是否满足设计要求。对各种结构进行结构计算之前，都要慎重确定出其荷载及可能的组合情况。

关键词：闸址选择，水力计算，结构计算

ABSTRACT

The abstract causes Huang Wei to plan according to South-to-North water diversion , brake establishes the day after tomorrow putting up brake streams will enter the natural settling basin directly , the storage capacity , increasing by prolongs may raise pool water level together life-span. The factor , the classics technology economical comparison queen for this purpose, demanding the function, characteristic according to the sluice and wielding demanding landform, geology, streams , morning and evening tides , silt , frozen ground , ice feeling , construction.

Management, environment, considering synthetically and so on are selected.

Irrigation works secretly scheme against, that the dam site structure is calculated chooses is that the sluice norm to one important job , brake location in designing that are right or not, not only deal with the success or failure that the sluice builds, and the economic growth being related to entire area , the job that location chooses therefore to brake should take seriously very.

When brake location should ascertain sluice brake location, responding to several factor :

(1)foundation condition thinking is that one of arrangement major factor affecting sluice population should choose soil property as far as possible closely knit , homogeneous. Compressibility prepares bigger fine load support capability foundation less. That condition is that the another major factor brake location responds to makes .

(2)streams receive brake and out brake streams smooth-going , having prevented from, lower reaches produces harmful outwash and silting-up.

(3) construction management, condition is also that one factor needing to think demands to have sufficient extensive construction sites when brake location chooses, makes cubic metre of earth project amounts minimal as far as possible. Think that the sluice is that multi-purpose project population arrangement does scheme comparison as soon as entire key position's responding to when the ingredient, reach optimum location of sluice, to advanced and to demand rationally on economy on reaching a technology.

The hydraulic computation has been that the sluice designs the most fundamental middle job working , has passed in and out of a pattern and had designed rate of flow by the fact that he is based on a sluice, may ascertain general brake hole clear width. And ascertain out the proper hole number, the stream ability and the dimension canceling out each other energy equipment are needing a sluice gate in leaking time different open , the brake hydraulic