当前大学生就业中存在的问题与对策

当前大学生就业中存在的问题与对策大学毕业生是国家和社会的宝贵财富，是人才资源的主要来源。

可是近几年来大学生的就业形势日趋严峻，就业压力逐渐增大，就业难度日益突出，大学生在就业过程中出现的问题逐步增多，如果不能有效应对，不仅可能对人力资源市场产生较大的负面影响，还会影响社会稳定。

通过了解我国大学生就业的现状，分析了我国当前大学生就业所面临的问题与原因，针对上述问题和原因，对解决大学生就业问题提出了几点建议，希望为政府、教育机构及社会各界缓解大学生就业压力，增强大学生提升自身就业力，提供有效参考。

一、当前大学生就业中存在的主要问题
近几年来，我国大学生就业率不断呈下降趋势，就业中存在的问题日益突出，主要问题有以下几个方面：
1、大学生缺乏自主择业目标，跟风现象严重
随着高校毕业生逐年增加，大学生在就业过程中，在不少招聘会上，大学生求职都出现了盲目跟风现象，一些知名企业或者是热门岗位，受到了大多数专业学生的青睐，不少学生不论自己的职业理想是否与这些热门企业相一致，条件是否符合那些热门岗位的需求，常常是一窝蜂地前去应聘。

尽管大学生非常重视追求兴趣爱好与个人才能的发挥，但在现实面前，他们往往缺乏科学合理的职业规划，在临近毕业找工作时，一时不知如何是好，出现就业迷茫，续而从众跟风，大家都觉得好的工作单位一哄而上。

2、非高薪不干，非大城市不去
当前，许多大学生在就业过程中过分看重工作待遇，忽略自身特点和长远发展及用人单位要求，他们往往看重沿海地区、经济发达地区，忽略了个人理想与国家、社会利益的结合，忽略了到基层、到西部、到祖国最需要的地方建功立业。

这种以自身利益为中心，比较功利的现象比较严重。

有些大学生受经济利益驱使，人生价值发生了倾斜，在选择上过分选择经济条件好、生活环境舒适、工资收入高的发达地区，而较少考虑中西部欠发达地区。

而且，许多大学生在择业时不考虑国家和社会的利益要求，把个人兴趣爱好放在首位，不愿到不利自身发展的地方去。

3、求职材料弄虚作假，用人单位核查露破绽
部分大学生为取得用人单位的垂青，达到吸引用人单位注意的目的，在求职材料上做手脚，夸大自己的成绩，为自己任意添加求职的筹码，制造虚假证书欺骗用人单位，或是在简历上作假，任意拷贝他人的实习经历等，诚信意识薄弱。

结果，协议签订后，有些用人单位一核查，问题便出现了，从而协议也解除了。

4、能签约先签约，签了后约毁前约
缺乏责任意识，不履行承诺行为。

毕业生在求职时，往往漫天撒网的向很多用人单位散发自荐材料，一接到单位的签约通知便匆忙与之签约。

毕业生签约的单位若不是自己理想的单位，遇到更好的单位那上就与原单位解除协议，从而用人单位需要重新招录毕业生，增加了招聘成本。

或者有的毕业生对签约双方的权利和义务不明确，对就业协议书的具体内容不了解，随意的就在协议书上签上了自己的名字，当觉得自己吃亏时，只好选择违约，从而造成事实上的诚信缺失。

二、大学生就业过程中存在问题的原因分析
1、就业竞争激烈，就业难度增大
最首要的，每年的毕业生数量急剧增长，而就业岗位却缓慢，客观上引发了一部分大学生就业难。

当前就业市场供大于求，大学毕业生一次就业率呈下降趋势，大学毕业生面临比较严峻的就业形势。

其次毕业生就业难予学科结构和培养模式不尽合理也有一定的关系，像是很多经济、金融、市场营销等专业的毕业生找工作就显得颇为吃力，很大部分人只有改行。

再者，大学生的薪水预期与用人单位的薪金待遇的差距是非常大的。

2、就业期望过高，就业观念更新滞后
人生价值观直接影响毕业生的就业观，特别是受到功利主义、实用主义思潮的冲击，不少毕业生在选择工作单位时，就事论事多，不作长远规划，过多考虑待遇问题，缺乏艰苦创业的精神准备。

还有的人自我认知上存在偏差，现在部分大学生不能全面、客观、正确地认识自我，盲目乐观，过高地评估自己的能力，以为凭自己的能力完全可以找到比较理想的工作，暴露出了过于理想化的求职心态。

3、就业市场环境缺乏公平公正
大学生就业面临着很多障碍，如专业学历条件苛刻、户籍档案壁垒、就业歧
视等，尤其是在竞争激烈的年代，缺乏一个公平公正的就业环境，对于弱势群体来说更是雪上加霜。

三、解决大学生就业过程中问题的基本对策
1、加强毕业生的思想教育和就业指导工作
首先要帮助学生树立正确的择业观，帮助毕业生认清就业形势，树立正确的择业观,调整自身的期望值。

鼓励毕业生自主创业，提高毕业生为国家服务的自觉性，引导他们到祖国最需要的地方去。

其次将大学生就业指导作为一门必修课纳入课堂，高校应构建职业生涯规划设计为核心的大学生就业指导课程的完整体系，并构建全程化就业指导体系，将就业指导贯穿大学教育的始终。

2、加强理想信念教育，激励大学生为祖国为社会作贡献
理想信念是大学生世界观、人生观、价值观的根本反映，是思想政治素质和综合素质的核心内容。

大学生如果缺乏科学、远大的人生理想和坚定的社会主义信念，就看不清社会的前途，认不清前进的方向，走不好人生的道路，担不起社会的责任。

提高高校大学生就业指导的实效性必须以理想信念教育为核心，深入开展树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观为主要内容的的教育。

3、加强社会实践，把社会实践于思想政治教育相结合
高校要通过各种有效途径为学生搭建课堂内外实践的平台建立一批相对稳定的实习和就业基地，积极组织学生开展社会实践、调研、实习等活动，大学生自身也要积极参加这些实践活动，了解社会，了解国情，培养社会责任感。

4、加强心理健康教育，提高大学生的心理素质
有针对性地开展心理咨询活动，开展择业心理咨询，提高大学生自我心理调适，加强大学生心理健康教育。

宣传普及心理科学知识，培训心理调适的技能，提供维护心理健康和提高心理素质的方法，根据大学生活不同阶段及各层次、各科类学生、特殊群体学生的心理特点，有针对性地实施心理健康教育。

尽管当今大学生就业难现象比较严重，但只要采取一定的措施，这种现象一定会有所好转的，希望大学毕业生们都能找到自己心仪的工作！
wen1）Please give a brief summary of your current recreational and leisure activities, including sports and hobbies.
My current recreational and leisure activities are as follows:
Reading: I am fond of reading detective novels, thrillers (e.g. Alfred Hitchcock’s);
Movies and TV play series: I am a moviegoer and recently I saw Sch indler’s List, which is directed by Steven Spielberg. My favorite TV play series are American sitcoms (e.g. Friends);
Dancing: I am learning ballroom dance as an elective course;
Sports: I always go jogging and rope skipping to keep fit;
Drawing: I enjoy doodling and I’m very good at facsimile. You can find my graffito on my sketch paper or the blank places of my textbooks.
2）What clubs and societies are you a member of and in what capacity?
I worked as a team player on the student team belonging to Market Research Section in Beijing New Oriental School last year (Jan. 2008-Sep. 2008). New Oriental Education & Technology Group focuses on foreign language education and training. The group was listed on the New York Stock Exchange on September 7, 2006, the first private education company to achieve this feat in China.
Main goal of our team: Collect and analyze useful data from activities of other education and training companies and then transfer the data into information, which will make consid erable contribution to managers’ decisions.
My duties and responsibilities: Collect data from activities of our competitors (e.g. New Channel International Education Group Ltd.), including the number of students, the location of teaching building, the date of courses, new training projects, etc. Obtain the data and information by visiting their official website or consulting directly through phone call. Input and save the data in Excel in an organized way. Participate in lectures and campaigns held by our competitors and record information such as date, place, lecturer and content in Word. Analyze merits and defects of these activities. Take part in meetings every other week to discuss difficulties we met and bring up constructive measures to solve these problems.
Results and learning: Last summer holiday I received an individual prize for excellent performance of the last half year’s hard work. This experience cultivates my strong team spirits and the ability to work well under pressure.
3）What factors have influenced your career choice?
Subjective factors:
1) Personality: Cautious, patient, responsible; sensitive and accurate with numbers; look at challenges as opportunities; a quick learner;
2) Ability: Good interpersonal skills, leadership potentials, strong team spirits, ability to work well under pressure, ability to work efficiently and pay attention to detail;
3) Skills: Language Skill: Understand most articles in English, engage in an extended conversation with English-speaking foreigners, write a report or essay that communicates the desired messages;
Computer Skill: Collect and analyze data with Excel, confident with other Microsoft Office applications, email and the web;
Professional Skill: Attain the knowledge of accounting and financial management; analyze
the financial reports basically;
Objective factors:
1) Family: My father is a computer teacher and my mother is an engineer. They are both intelligent. I am the only child so that I have to take the financial burden and take care of them when they are old;
2) Educational background: My major is financial management and I have learnt a combination of courses in financial accounting, management accounting, Financial Management and Financial Statement Analysis. Other relevant courses include Accounting Computerization, Assets Appraisal and Internal Control.
3) Social background and economic trends: In the recent twelve years, China actively participates in globalization, especially the economic globalization, which has obviously affected the career choices of Chinese young people.
4）Outline your career ambitions and objectives.
Short-term objective: Be involved in a dynamic and fast growing company, which provides me with great opportunities to improve my skills and accumulate experiences;
Mid-term objective: After the efforts and study for a couple of years, I could be a qualified professional such as an excellent accountant or auditor, who can be a considerable leader striving for the prosperity of the company;
Long-term objective: Set up a company of my own. To be the chairman as well as CFO;
Besides, I have to attain professional qualifications such as CPA, ACCA during the pursuit of my career ambitions.
My current recreational and leisure activities are as follows:
Guzheng, I have been learning the guzheng for some time, the music always cultivates the mind, and make people quiet down.
Drawing:I am deeply loved with Chinese painting,You can find my paintings hanging on every blank corner in my house , after every completion of a painting, I have a sense of accomplishment.
Reading: I am fond of reading Poetry appreciation, Detective novels (e.g. The Da Vinci Code);
Swimming:Swimming is one of my favorite sports, it makes my body get fully exercised, and what's more important,it's a pretty good way to lose weight;
Movies and TV play series: I am a moviegoer and recently I saw Sherlock Holmes ;My favorite movies is The Lord Of The Rings, I can even tell every scener after years of time;
1)I was one of the school securities investment community, we organized a simulated stock investment ,and that was my first contact with the securities and financial markets, some students won a lot of money while others lose.
Experienced by this community, I learned how to collect the relevant data, and the importance of sharing with teammates, and I also gain the happiness of the actual operation.
2)I was a member of the Student Union art departmentin my freshman year.
1) Personality: Cautious, patient, responsible; sensitive and accurate with numbers; look at challenges as opportunities;
2) Ability: I am willing to work well under pressure, and I have the ability to work efficiently and pay attention to detail;
3) Language Skill: I can understand most of the English articles, and write a report or essay that communicates the desired messages;
Computer Skill: Collect and analyze data with Excel, confident with other Microsoft Office applications, email and the web;
Professional Skill: I have mastered the basic knowledge of accounting bookkeeping, able to make basic financial statements analysis;
1) Family:My parents are both state-owned enterprises of the general staff. I am the only child so that I have to take the financial burden and take care of them when they are old;
2) Educational background: I have a finance-related professional skills and knowledge, my academic background and professional qualifications are a good fit for this position. and I hope to put them into practice, such an interns' experience will allow me to be a better application of book knowledge, such as computerized system, financial management, audit and tax administration;
After graduation I want to enter the accounting firm, I like the fast-paced life and the intense and methodical work, from where I can quickly learn a lot of professional skills and knowledge, and have access to know all walks of life, is a good opportunity to improve the quality of self;
In the long term, my biggest dream is to work at the same time to obtain a master's degree ,afte accumulated enough experience and capital,I am willing to set up an accounting firm named by myself, Thus my passion for accounting, auditing will finally spread to attract more and more people to join this sacred work.
Besides, I have to attain professional qualifications such as CPA, ACCA during the pursuit of my career ambitions
Subjects Institution Course dates
The car driving Driving school 2010
Guzheng Music Academy 2012
Prizes Date
scholarship 2011
The national computer level 2 2010
Jiangsu computer level 2 2010
Intermediate English interpretation 2010
Accounting qualification certificate 2010
Responsible for the collation of the original documents and books of archiving, fill the accounting entries; Familiar with the corporate finance process, read the original certificate ; Responsible for collating the summary of the various departments of the company management fees in the first half of; Finance Assistant
A situation where you have used two of KMPG’s values to achieve a positive outcome
KPMG’s Core Values
The KPMG Way is our definition of who we are, what we do, and how we do it. Our core values lie at the heart of The KPMG Way. They define our culture and our commitment to the highest principles of personal and professional conduct.
We lead by example—at all levels acting in a way that exemplifies what we expect of each other and our member firms’ clients.
We work together—bringing out the best in each other and creating strong and successful working relationships.
We respect the individual—respecting people for who they are and for their knowledge, skills, and experience as individuals and team members.
We seek the facts and provide insight—challenging assumptions, pursuing facts, and strengthening our reputation as trusted and objective business advisers.
We are open and honest in our communication—sharing information, insight, and advice frequently and constructively and managing tough situations with courage and candor.
We are committed to our communities—acting as responsible corporate citizens and broadening our skills, experience, and perspectives through work in our communities.
Above all, we act with integrity—constantly striving to uphold the highest professional standards, provide sound advice, and rigorously maintain our independence.
价值观
“毕马威之道”是我们对我们的身份﹑我们所做的和应怎样去做的认定，它的基石正是我们的价值观，而我们的价值观，就是我们追求最高个人和职业操守水平的文
化和承诺。

以身作则为人表率–各个级别的人员都从我做起，用行动给同事和客户做榜样。

上下一心团队精神–让每个人发挥所长，建立密切和谐的工作关系。

互敬互重群策群力–尊重每个人的个性，尊重他们个人以及作为团体成员的知识﹑技能和经验。

实事求是卓见精辟–求证假设，探究事实，名符其实成为客户值得信赖和客观的合作伙伴。

开诚布公言行一致–经常地﹑有建设性地分享信息﹑观点和建议，凭勇气和真诚战胜困难。

热心公益回馈社会–承担作为企业公民的责任，通过参与社会公益活动，进一步巩固我们的技能﹑经验和洞察力。

诚信为本守正不移–时刻坚持最高的专业准则，提供切实可行的建议，一丝不苟地维护我们的独立性。

I fully support that point of view that unity, mutual help and perseverance is the necessary way to st term, our class is willing to apply for provincial excellent class,It is not just assess class by personal achievement, but to examine the collective cohesion of the entire class.
Although I am not the leader, but I actively assist class members, and constantly suggest new ideas.Not only me ,each member was free to come up with his or her viewpoint and we would adopt it if the idea is helpful to our competition.
We guaranteed that each student participated in the competition performances, and the final performance shows a collection of the idea of each student.We rehearsed hard, pointed out shortcomings with each other, learn from each other and help each other.It is in the process, we have gained a lot of fun.
Thanks to the cooperation and mutual support, our class finally obtained the title of the most excellent class in Jiangsu province.
Thank you for your application.
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