《英语修辞格》
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Figures of Speech
英语修辞格
I. Simile
A simile明喻 is a figure of speech
in which two quite different things are compared because they appear to be similar in at least one characteristic.
—– Ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a grave man. weak. (= week) —– Shakespeare —– Seven days without water make one
—– A professor tapped on his desk and
II. Metaphor隐喻
Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. In a metaphor, a comparison is usually implicit含蓄的; whereas in a simile it is explicit. —– Because of his wealth, he was a fountain of generosity to his relatives and friends.
Closed simile — We not only compare that man with a pig, but also specify the aspect in which they are compared: —– The man is “as fat as a pig”. 不用like, as 等连词，而采取其他 对比形式。
V. Antithesis 对立 有重复的部分
Antithesis means contrasting
ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meanings. It can result in linguistic brevity and rhythmic harmony.
1．形容词比较级 ( no more than, not any more than, as…as…) —– He had no more idea of money than a cow. 他对金钱像牛对金钱一样一无所知。 —– The ruby shall be redder than a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea. 红宝石比红玫瑰还要红, 蓝宝石象大海一样蓝.
shouted, “Gentlemen —– order!”
The entire class yelled, “Beer!”
Obama: What do you have for Thanks Giving? Putin: Turkey
VIII. Paradox悖论 逻辑相反
Paradox is a statement which is contrary to expectation, apparently absurd or self-contradictory自相矛盾. But in fact, it is reasonable and logical. A paradox often implies profound meaning, hence thought-provoking. —– Most haste, less speed.
—– It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. —– Charles Dickens —– Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe. —– Winston Churchill
Open simile — —– The man over there is like a pig. In this sentence, the secondary term “pig” has many characteristics such as fat, lazy, dirty, greedy and gross. In which aspect or aspects is that man like a pig? It does not say. So, it is called an open simile (it does not give any definite information).
VII. Pun 双关
It is a figure of speech depending upon a similarity of sound and a disparity 差距 of meaning. Pun is usually employed for jocular诙谐的 and humorous effect. —– An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for good of his country.
—– Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind. —– J. Kennedy —– American imperialism 帝国主义is the strongest in history and also the weakest in history. The skyscraper is highest but the foundation is shakiest. —– Anna. L. Strong
—– cold fire (quasi-opposite in meaning) —– His air was one of friendly hostility. —– I don’t mean to imply that we are suddenly threatened in the United Nations with harmony. —– His honor rooted in dishonor stood. And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.
IV. Metonymy转喻 借代
Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used to stand for another thing. The two things involved in a metonymy are not of the same kind but are closely related. —– She was a girl who excited the emotion, but I was not to let my heart rule my head.
—– And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. —– J. Kennedy
VI. Oxymoron矛盾 词的意思相反
It is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce an epigrammatic讽 刺的 effect. When contradictory terms are used together, they can reveal the relationship between two things which are opposite or quasi-opposite to each other in meaning. —– cruel kindness (opposite in meaning)
—– Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. —– In foreign policy, flying solo can be risky business. —– He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius, he would water it.
III. Analogy类比
Analogy is a figure of speech which draws a parallel between two different types of things, and uses one (usually familiar to the reader) to explain the other (usually unfamiliar to the reader). The function of an analogy is to deepen the reader’s understanding of the writer’s point. For example, Text A in Units 1 & 3 employs analogy (real estate----cyberspace / human body ---- ecology system).
—– He was a big noise behind the economic scenes. —– The kettle is boiling. —– Please drink a cup or two. —– Have you ever read Shakespeare? —– Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this question. —– The whole city went out to see the victorious general.
2. 介词短语 (of + …) —– A doctor must have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady. 大夫必须有狮子般的胆量和仕女般的巧手. 3. 连词 and 连接的两个同等成分 —– Love and cough cannot be hid. 爱情跟咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的. —– A word and stone let go cannot be recalled. (Proverb谚语) 说出的话收不回/覆水 难收.
—– The child is father of man.
—– W. Wordsworth
—– Those who have eyes apparently
see little.
—– Helen Keller
IX. Alliteration头韵
Alliteration refers to the repetition usually of an initial sound that is usually a consonant辅音 in two or more neighboring words or syllables. பைடு நூலகம்he use of it goes back to ancient times. As one of the phonetic语音 rhetorical修辞 devices, it remains a preferable means in literary creation.
英语修辞格
I. Simile
A simile明喻 is a figure of speech
in which two quite different things are compared because they appear to be similar in at least one characteristic.
—– Ask for me tomorrow and you will find me a grave man. weak. (= week) —– Shakespeare —– Seven days without water make one
—– A professor tapped on his desk and
II. Metaphor隐喻
Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. In a metaphor, a comparison is usually implicit含蓄的; whereas in a simile it is explicit. —– Because of his wealth, he was a fountain of generosity to his relatives and friends.
Closed simile — We not only compare that man with a pig, but also specify the aspect in which they are compared: —– The man is “as fat as a pig”. 不用like, as 等连词，而采取其他 对比形式。
V. Antithesis 对立 有重复的部分
Antithesis means contrasting
ideas sharpened by the use of opposite or noticeably different meanings. It can result in linguistic brevity and rhythmic harmony.
1．形容词比较级 ( no more than, not any more than, as…as…) —– He had no more idea of money than a cow. 他对金钱像牛对金钱一样一无所知。 —– The ruby shall be redder than a red rose, and the sapphire shall be as blue as the great sea. 红宝石比红玫瑰还要红, 蓝宝石象大海一样蓝.
shouted, “Gentlemen —– order!”
The entire class yelled, “Beer!”
Obama: What do you have for Thanks Giving? Putin: Turkey
VIII. Paradox悖论 逻辑相反
Paradox is a statement which is contrary to expectation, apparently absurd or self-contradictory自相矛盾. But in fact, it is reasonable and logical. A paradox often implies profound meaning, hence thought-provoking. —– Most haste, less speed.
—– It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness. —– Charles Dickens —– Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe. —– Winston Churchill
Open simile — —– The man over there is like a pig. In this sentence, the secondary term “pig” has many characteristics such as fat, lazy, dirty, greedy and gross. In which aspect or aspects is that man like a pig? It does not say. So, it is called an open simile (it does not give any definite information).
VII. Pun 双关
It is a figure of speech depending upon a similarity of sound and a disparity 差距 of meaning. Pun is usually employed for jocular诙谐的 and humorous effect. —– An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for good of his country.
—– Mankind must put an end to war, or war will put an end to mankind. —– J. Kennedy —– American imperialism 帝国主义is the strongest in history and also the weakest in history. The skyscraper is highest but the foundation is shakiest. —– Anna. L. Strong
—– cold fire (quasi-opposite in meaning) —– His air was one of friendly hostility. —– I don’t mean to imply that we are suddenly threatened in the United Nations with harmony. —– His honor rooted in dishonor stood. And faith unfaithful kept him falsely true.
IV. Metonymy转喻 借代
Metonymy is a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used to stand for another thing. The two things involved in a metonymy are not of the same kind but are closely related. —– She was a girl who excited the emotion, but I was not to let my heart rule my head.
—– And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. —– J. Kennedy
VI. Oxymoron矛盾 词的意思相反
It is a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms are combined to produce an epigrammatic讽 刺的 effect. When contradictory terms are used together, they can reveal the relationship between two things which are opposite or quasi-opposite to each other in meaning. —– cruel kindness (opposite in meaning)
—– Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. —– In foreign policy, flying solo can be risky business. —– He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius, he would water it.
III. Analogy类比
Analogy is a figure of speech which draws a parallel between two different types of things, and uses one (usually familiar to the reader) to explain the other (usually unfamiliar to the reader). The function of an analogy is to deepen the reader’s understanding of the writer’s point. For example, Text A in Units 1 & 3 employs analogy (real estate----cyberspace / human body ---- ecology system).
—– He was a big noise behind the economic scenes. —– The kettle is boiling. —– Please drink a cup or two. —– Have you ever read Shakespeare? —– Moscow and Washington will hold talks on this question. —– The whole city went out to see the victorious general.
2. 介词短语 (of + …) —– A doctor must have the heart of a lion and the hand of a lady. 大夫必须有狮子般的胆量和仕女般的巧手. 3. 连词 and 连接的两个同等成分 —– Love and cough cannot be hid. 爱情跟咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的. —– A word and stone let go cannot be recalled. (Proverb谚语) 说出的话收不回/覆水 难收.
—– The child is father of man.
—– W. Wordsworth
—– Those who have eyes apparently
see little.
—– Helen Keller
IX. Alliteration头韵
Alliteration refers to the repetition usually of an initial sound that is usually a consonant辅音 in two or more neighboring words or syllables. பைடு நூலகம்he use of it goes back to ancient times. As one of the phonetic语音 rhetorical修辞 devices, it remains a preferable means in literary creation.