汉字的发展及其演变
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雨 rain
16
宫 palace
17
木 tree
18
子 child
19
身 body
20
“指事” indicatives or ideogram
丄 上
21
丅 下
22
本
Original meaning: root Extended meaning: basic;
明: Using the sun and the moon, to indicate bright or brilliant. 明亮、光明
25
寇：“宀” sinifies a house，“元” is a person，“攴”means stick in somebody’s hands. So from this character we know that someone breaks into one’s house and robs. The meaning of “寇” is robber。
森：Chinese often use “three” to indicate “many”. So three “木” means there are a lot of trees. The woods, in Chinese , we call it “森林”
众：three “百度文库eople” 人 means crowd or mob
中国的文字
Chinese writing
1
一.汉字的特点 The feature of Chinese Character 二.汉字的构造方式 The construction of Characters 三.汉字的发展演变 The development of Characters
2
fundamental; original
23
刃
Meaning: the edge of a knife,
sword, etc
24
“会意” Combined ideogram: putting together several pictographs to construct an abstract idea;
same set of consonants (but different vowels) can be written by the same sequence of glyphs. Therefore the determinative became necessary to disambiguate the meaning of a
Pictogram / Hieroglyphs
鱼 fish
3
人
man
4
山
mountain
5
鳥鸟 bird
6
休 rest
7
In Egyptian hieroglyphics, the determinative is a glyph that carries no phonetic value but instead is added at the end of a word to clarify the meaning of the word. This is due to the fact that the writing system does not record vowels, and therefore different words with the
象形 pictogram
指事 indicative
会意 combined ideogram
形声 pictophonetic 10
“象形”pictograph
日
sun
11
月 moon
12
水 water
13
門 门 door
14
鹿 deer
15
26
寒：hán,the two dots at the bottom represent ice, indicating it’s cold inside the house, and straws used to keep people warm. Together the word 寒冷”means cold
29
In modern Chinese, there are many words coined or formed by putting together ideographs; for example:
28
集：jí, birds perk on a tree denote the idea of gathering; collecting, and by extension:
集市：jí shì: country fair
集团：jí tuán: group
诗集：shī jí: a collection of poems
27
家: jiā, in an agricultural society, it was important to have domesticated pigs; they were a status symbol. Therefore, the Chinese word for family consists of a roof on top and a pig at bottom.
sequence of glyphs
8
Pictograph and ideograph hieroglyphs。 The basic unit of Chinese is
strokes, 如：ノ＋丨＝亻；一＋ 丨＋丿＋乀＝木；亻＋木＝休
9
Formation of words
“六书”the six categories of characters: 象形、指事、 会意、形声、转注、假借. But there are only four ways to form a word, the other two ways are simply how to use words;
16
宫 palace
17
木 tree
18
子 child
19
身 body
20
“指事” indicatives or ideogram
丄 上
21
丅 下
22
本
Original meaning: root Extended meaning: basic;
明: Using the sun and the moon, to indicate bright or brilliant. 明亮、光明
25
寇：“宀” sinifies a house，“元” is a person，“攴”means stick in somebody’s hands. So from this character we know that someone breaks into one’s house and robs. The meaning of “寇” is robber。
森：Chinese often use “three” to indicate “many”. So three “木” means there are a lot of trees. The woods, in Chinese , we call it “森林”
众：three “百度文库eople” 人 means crowd or mob
中国的文字
Chinese writing
1
一.汉字的特点 The feature of Chinese Character 二.汉字的构造方式 The construction of Characters 三.汉字的发展演变 The development of Characters
2
fundamental; original
23
刃
Meaning: the edge of a knife,
sword, etc
24
“会意” Combined ideogram: putting together several pictographs to construct an abstract idea;
same set of consonants (but different vowels) can be written by the same sequence of glyphs. Therefore the determinative became necessary to disambiguate the meaning of a
Pictogram / Hieroglyphs
鱼 fish
3
人
man
4
山
mountain
5
鳥鸟 bird
6
休 rest
7
In Egyptian hieroglyphics, the determinative is a glyph that carries no phonetic value but instead is added at the end of a word to clarify the meaning of the word. This is due to the fact that the writing system does not record vowels, and therefore different words with the
象形 pictogram
指事 indicative
会意 combined ideogram
形声 pictophonetic 10
“象形”pictograph
日
sun
11
月 moon
12
水 water
13
門 门 door
14
鹿 deer
15
26
寒：hán,the two dots at the bottom represent ice, indicating it’s cold inside the house, and straws used to keep people warm. Together the word 寒冷”means cold
29
In modern Chinese, there are many words coined or formed by putting together ideographs; for example:
28
集：jí, birds perk on a tree denote the idea of gathering; collecting, and by extension:
集市：jí shì: country fair
集团：jí tuán: group
诗集：shī jí: a collection of poems
27
家: jiā, in an agricultural society, it was important to have domesticated pigs; they were a status symbol. Therefore, the Chinese word for family consists of a roof on top and a pig at bottom.
sequence of glyphs
8
Pictograph and ideograph hieroglyphs。 The basic unit of Chinese is
strokes, 如：ノ＋丨＝亻；一＋ 丨＋丿＋乀＝木；亻＋木＝休
9
Formation of words
“六书”the six categories of characters: 象形、指事、 会意、形声、转注、假借. But there are only four ways to form a word, the other two ways are simply how to use words;