塞曼效应的量子力学分析

2008届本科毕业论文塞曼效应的量子分析

姓名：韩丽芳

系别：物理与信息工程系

专业：物理学

学号：040311046

指导教师：胡昆明

2008年1月27日

目录

摘要与关键词.........................................................................................................II 0引言 (1)

1．塞曼效应的发现史 (1)

2．简单塞曼效应 (1)

3．塞曼效应的偏振特性 (4)

3.1塞曼效应的偏振特性的全面描述 (4)

3.2塞曼谱线偏振特性解释的理论前提 (4)

3.3对σ光偏振性的解 (6)

3.4对π光偏振性的解释 (6)

4.钠原子光谱与氢原子光谱的塞曼效应 (8)

4.1光谱的精细结 (8)

4.2塞曼效应 (9)

5.塞曼效应实验的一个应用 (10)

5.1基本原理 (10)

5.1.1 塞曼效应 (10)

5.1.2 量子数的性质 (11)

5.2应用 (11)

5.2.1 M和J值的确定 (11)

5.2.2 L、S和J值的确定 (11)

6．结语 (13)

参考文献 (13)

致谢 (13)

塞曼效应的量子力学分析

摘要

全面的解释塞曼效应须用量子理论，并须考虑电子电子自旋磁矩与轨道磁矩耦合为总磁矩，它们是空间量子化的，在外磁场作用下引起的附加能量不同，造成能级分裂。从而导致光谱线的分裂。正常塞曼效应是总自旋为零时原子能级和光谱线在磁场中的分裂；反常塞曼效应是总自旋不为零的原子能级和光谱线在磁场中的分裂。塞曼效应推动了科学的发展，是研究原子结构的重要途径之一。人们根据塞曼效应的观测结果，总结了许多经验规律，这些规律为量子理论的发展,探讨原子内部的结构，特别是电子自旋的发现提供了重要的依据。在天体物理中，塞曼效应被用来测量天体磁场及星际磁场。因此对塞曼效应研究具有十分重要的意义。本论文从其发现史、种类、偏振分析、量子分析及其具体实例等几个方面来研究。

我采取理论分析、数值计算和实际应用相结合的研究方法。重点对发光原子的能级和谱线在外磁场中的分裂的研究。

关键词

塞曼效应；简单塞曼效应；偏振态；自旋；原子光谱分裂

The Quantum Analysis of Zeeman Effect

Abstract

The comprehensive explanation zeeman effect must use the quantum theory, and must consider the electron electron spin magnetic moment and the orbital magnetic moment coupling is the total magnetic moment, they are the space quantization, causes the additional energy under the outside magnetic field function to be different, creates the level splitting.Thus causes the light spectral line the fission.The normal zeeman effect is always spins for the zero hour atomic energy level and the light spectral line in the magnetic field fission; The unusual zeeman effect is always does not spin for the zero atomic energy level and the light spectral line in the magnetic field fission.The zeeman effect impelled the science development, studies one of atomic structure important ways.The people according to the zeeman effect the observation result, summarized many experience rules, these rules for the quantum theory development, the discussion atom internal structure, specially the electron spin discovery have provided the important basis.In the heavenly body physics, the zeeman effect is used for to survey the heavenly body magnetic field and the interstellar magnetic field.Therefore has the extremely vital significance to the zeeman effect research.The present paper from its discovery history, the type, the polarization analysis, the quantum analysis and the concrete example and so on several aspects studies.

I adopt the research technique which the theoretical analysis, the value computation and the practical application unify.Key to illumination atom energy level and spectral line in outside magnetic field fission research.

Keywords

Zeeman effect; Simple zeeman effect; Polarization condition; Spinning; Atomic spectrum fission