商务口译

汉语句子构建在意念主轴 (thought-pivot)上，句子强 调的是意义而不是结构； 通常句子主语不明显，或 根本无主语，句式十分复 杂，几乎无章可循，但意 义一目了然； 汉语的语序是固定的 汉语篇章传统是讲究起承 转合，汉族人的思维呈螺 旋形。 汉语属主体显著的语言， 即topic-prominent
+ Cognitive information processing skills + Communicative activity + Making sense + Text/discourse production + Mediation
+ 时间上的封闭性与空间上的开放性 + 即席性强（Extemporaneousness） + 压力大（Stressfulness） + 独立性强（Independence） Independence + 综合性强（Comprehensiveness） + 知识面宽（Miscellaneousness）
+ Latin interpres (expounder, person explaining
what is obscure, explaining the meaning, making sense of) + Metaphorical names: middleman, intermediary, commercial go-between + In legal sphere, lawyers to interpret the law, court interpreter to translate the language + Question: to translate or interpret?
+ 信 (faithfulness) + 达 (expressiveness) + 捷 (promptness)
+ 中国人重直觉与具象 + 中国人重整体：汉语一般
+ 西方人重理性与逻辑 + 西方人重个体：英语词义
较笼统；汉语表意较模糊； 一般较具体；英语表意较 汉语强调篇章的整体结构， 准确；英语强调篇章句式 讲究起承转合的完备性， 结构的严谨； 注重对称平衡； + 汉语频繁使用对仗修辞格 和四字词组 + 英语重形式，讲究形合 + 汉语重意念，意合 Hypotaxis parataxis, 心照不宣。
Zhao Junfeng 赵军峰 School of Interpreting and Translation Studies 高级翻译学院 Guangdong University of Foreign Studies 广东外语外贸大学 2011.5
+ Mr. Junfeng ZHAO，赵军峰 + Bsc(Petroleum Geology, Yangtze University),
Skills-based vs. Theme-based Textbooks Theme-based in focus! Objectives and Requirements: Based on what learners have acquired in the previous consecutive interpreting course, further interpreting drills (on memory training, numbers treatment, shadow exercises in simultaneous interpreting) are incorporated into the linguistic contexts concerned with various business activities, and more focus is centered on fostering learners’ interpreting competence, both consecutive and simultaneous, on simulated authentic occasions. + Text Book: + Zhao Junfeng, A New Interpreting Course for Business, Beijing: Higher Educational Press, 2009
+ Directionality (SL vs. TL; AIIC’s classification, A-, B-, C-
languages, thus A-to-B interpreting or retour interpreting/return interpreting, relay interpreting) + Note: A-language= native or best ‘active language’; B-language= ‘active’ language commanded with near-native proficiency; C-language = ‘passive’ language allowing ‘complete understanding’
+ Herbert (1952), Seleskovitch (1978) + Ideas/message/sense via the listener, speaker
in the communication in communicative context. + Sense-making vs. transcoding + Painting (= interpreting) vs. photograph (translation)
+ 口译（Interpreting，也称Interpretation），
Business interpreting Liaison interpreting Diplomatic interpreting Military interpreting Courting interpreting (legal, judicial and courtroom) Education interpreting Community-based interpreting (healthcare, medical, hospital, legal etc.) + Media/broadcast, often focused on TV interpreting
+ 从词源角度看，“business”一词所涉及的
是个人或社会整体忙于从事商业上切实可 行又有利可图的活动的一种状态，从广义 上讲，它包括商品和服务供应商社区所举 行的所有活动。 + 商务口译，即Interpreting between Chinese and English in Business Settings，是在国际商 务活动中专业性较强的口译行为。
+ In principle, interpreting is performed ‘here and now’
for the benefit of people who want to engage in communication across barriers of language and culture + Interpreting is a form of Translation in which a first and final rendition in another language is produced on the basis of a one-time presentation of an utterance in a source language (Pochhacker 2004: 11). + Immediacy as the key word
是一种通过听取和解析来源语(source language)所表达的信息，随即将其转译为 目标语(target language)语言符号，进而达到 传递信息之目的的言语交际活动。（梅德 明，1996） + 口译不是单纯意义上的言语行为，而是一 种涉及诸多知识层面的跨文化的交际行为。 （钟述孔，1999）
+ “听”（listening） + “记”（memorizing） + “思”（processing） + “表”（delivering） delivering +
----- Prof. HU Gengshen, 1993
+ 功能(function, work, role, intention, objective) + 形式(form, structure) + 意义(meaning, sense, message, information)
Sino-Tibetan family 汉语是分析性语言，analytic, no inflection, 还是粘着语， agglutinative, 次的组合依靠词 素的粘着；
汉语属表意文字，ideographic, 象形、指事、会意、形声等； 汉语是声调语言，tone language; 汉语语法呈隐含性， convertness, 重意合； 汉语句子如竹竿，长而空心；
Indo-European family 英语是分析性和综合性语言， both analytic and synthetic, 其 分析特征体现在次序和助词 的组句功能上。综合性则体 现在丰富的曲折变化形式； 英语属拼音文字，alphabetic； 英语是语调语言，intonation language; 英语语法呈显性，overtness, 重形合； 英语句子如葡萄，纲举目张。
+ An activity consisting (mainly) in + The production of utterances (texts) which are + Presumed to have a similar meaning and/or