2021-2022年高考英语语法专题讲练-代词和数词

2021年高考英语语法专题讲练-代词和数词

代词和数词

【考点分析】

代词

1.人称代词主格与宾格的用法;

2.名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法;

3.反身代词的用法;

4.指示代词this, that, these, those的用法;

5.表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较;

6.some,any的用法辨析;

7.each, every的用法辨析;

8.(a) little,(a)few,a bit的用法辨析;

9.替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析;

10.another, (the) other(s), else; the rest的用法辨析;

11.every-,some-,any-,no-与thing,-one,-body构成的复合不定代词的用法。数词

1.基数词的确指和不确指;

2.数词与主谓一致关系;

3.dozen和score的用法;

4.序数词与冠词的连用。

【知识点归纳】

(一)代词

代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1)机械地套用语法规则;2)用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。

I.代词的分类

II.代词的用法

1.人称代词

①在句中作主语,用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格;

She teaches them physics.

②在句中作表语,常用宾格;

Who is it? It’s me.

但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.

在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。

③两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时,其顺序是：

单数按2,3,1人称排列，复数按1,2,3人称顺序排列。

you, she and I ; we, you and they

2.物主代词

①形容词性物主代词只能作宾语

We love our motherland.

②名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语

Your coat is black while mine is red.

3.反身代词

①用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语

He teaches himself Japanese every evening.(宾语)

She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。(表语)

I myself can repair the bike.(主语的同位语)

②常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳

by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己

be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快

seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿

devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气

e to oneself苏醒 make onesel

f at home 不要客气

4.指示代词

①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指

I don’t want this book. I want that one.

②有时为了避免重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词

At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.

③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that 指代较后面的用this;但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。

Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.

健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health)

They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.

What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this 不能用that替换)

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.

④such的用法

such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。

Such is my answer.

Such are the results of the exams.

I have never seen such beautiful flowers.

用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。

5.相互代词

①在句中可作宾语

They help each other and learn from each other.

②加’s后成为所有格,作定语

They asked about one another’s life and work.

6.不定代词

不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出。