英语五种基本句子结构,及相关练习

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英语的基本句成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有()和();次要成分有()、()、()、()、()和()。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述_____________,一般位于________。但在___________结构、__________(当主语不疑问词时)和

_____________中,___________位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由_____________、_____________、__________________、

_______________、______________、____________________和

__________________等表示。例如:

写出什么词当主语

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.()

We often speak English in class.()

One-third of the students in this class are girls.()

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.()

Smoking does harm to the health.()

The rich should help the poor.()

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.

()

It is necessary to master a foreign language( ) (三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的

________________________________________。

__________________________在句中作谓语,一般放在

_____________________之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.

(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如_______ ______________, __________,_____________,等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.( ) Is it yours?( )

The weather has turned cold.( ) The speech is exciting.( )

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位______________和__________后面。例如:

They went to see an exhibition (展览)yesterday.( )

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.( ) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.( ) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.( ) He pretended not to see me.( )

I enjoy listening to popular music.( )

I think (that )he is fit for his office.( ) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾

语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make 等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:

Guilin is a beautiful city.( )

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.( ) There are thirty women teachers is our school.( ) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.( ) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.( ) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.( ) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:

Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(不定式短语) He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) Wait a minute.(名词) 状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six?( )

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