人教版八年级上册英语第三单元重点知识总结doc资料

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Unit 3(比较级的使用,both的用法,描述性格的单词)
1.Words
Outgoing both better loudly quietly hard-working competition fantastic which clearly win though talented truly care laugh serious mirror kid grade should saying reach hand touch heart fact break arm share loud similar primary information
重点讲解:
1)both 两个都
一般和of连用
Eg:Both of pens are mine.两支钢笔都是我的。

2)hard-working adj.工作努力的,辛勤的
Eg:I admire their hard-working spirit.
我钦佩他们的辛勤工作的精神。

3)Which 哪一个
Which class are you in?你在哪个班?
Which one is yours?哪个是你的?
4)Serious adj严肃的,稳重的
Eg:Ian is a serious guy.伊恩是一个认真的人。

(伊恩是一个稳重的人)
This is a serious decision.这是个严肃的决定。

<拓>adv seriously 认真地,严肃地
Eg:Let’s talk about it seriously. 让我们认真的来谈一谈。

(让我们严肃认真的来聊聊)
5)Truly adv 真正,确实
Eg:He truly loved his children.
他由衷地爱他的孩子们。

<拓>典型地
Eg:Spain was truly a European nation.
西班牙是个典型的欧洲国家。

6)Necessary adj. 必要的,必须的
Eg: s that really necessary?
那真有必要吗?
It is necessary that buy some papers when we are in art class.
当我们上艺术课的时候买些纸是很必要的。

7)Should 情态动词“应该”
Eg:We should go outside to buy some papers.我们应该去外面买纸。

You should be quiet.你应该安静点。

8)Break v.损坏,断,裂,破
Eg:Did your dress break?
你的衣服破了吗?
Did you break the table?
是你损坏了桌子吗?
My pen was broken yesterday.我的钢笔昨天被弄坏了。

<拓>名词休息
Let’s take a break.休息一会儿。

短语:
Break down 出故障
Eg:Their car broke down.他们的车出故障了。

9)Share v. 分享
Eg: Children should learn to share. 小孩应该学会与人分享东西。

Share sth with sb与某人分享某物
Eg:You should share your apples with your sister.你应该把你的苹果和你妹妹分享。

10)Primary adj 最初的,最早的
Eg:My father is the primary investigators on that case
我父亲是最早参加那个项目的研究员。

总结形容词变副词:
形容词变副词的一般规则
形容词变副词通常是加ly,
其变化有规律可循
口诀:
一般直接加,“元e”去e加,“辅y”改i加,“le”结尾e改y。

分别举例如下:
quick-quickly; true-truly;happy-happily; possible-possibly
2.Phrases
1)care about 担心,关心,在意
Eg:I really care about my work.我真的关心我的工作.
<辨>take care of;look after ;care about;
Take care of ;look after 都是照看,照顾的意思。

Eg:He spent years taking care of his sick mother.他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲. He spent years looking after his sick mother.他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲. Care about 侧重于关心某种情况。

Don't you care about anybody?你难道谁也不关心吗?
2)As long as 只要,既然,如果
Eg:As long as there is life there is hope. 留得生命在,不怕没希望.(留得青山在,不怕没柴烧)
You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 o'clock. 你可以出去,只要你答应在11点以前回来.
<拓>as long as=so long as
. I'll accept any job so long as I don't have to get up early. 只要不必早起,任何工作我都可以接受.
3)Be different from 与什么不同;不同于
Eg:My way of life is very different from hers.我和她的生活方式差别很大。

(hers=her way of life)
<拓>be different from 一般指同一种类型的东西在某点上不同
be different with一般是指不同类型事物的比较。

Eg:He's always noisy with us, but he is different with girls。

和我们在一起他很吵闹,和女孩在一起就不一样了。

4)Bring out 使显现,使表现出
Eg:Difficulties can bring out a person's best qualities.
艰难困苦方能显示出一个人的优秀品质。

<拓>
其他含义:
①出版
Eg:They try to bring out one new book each month.他们争取每月出版一本新书。

②生产
Eg:The factory is bringing out a new type of recorder.这家工厂正在生产一种新型录音机。

5)The same as和……一致;与……一样
Eg:His dream is the same as mine.他的梦想和我的一样。

<拓>as...as的含义为“和……一样”,用于形容词、副词的同级比较。

需要注意的是,两个as的词性和用法不一样,第一个as是副词,后面接形容词或副词的原级,第二个as多为连词,后面多接比较状语从句,其基本结构为:as + adj + as 和as+adv+as。

Eg:This dictionary is as useful as you 这本字典和你想象的一样有用
He speaks English as well as Zhang Ming 他讲英语和张明一样好。

6)In fact 事实上,实际上,确切地说
Eg:In fact ,I've never liked you,事实上,我从没喜欢过你。

<拓>really, truly (同义)
下面是in fact 的句中用法。

Eg:I thought Betty was in the garden, but in fact she was in her room.
我以为贝蒂在花园,其实她在自己的房间里。

In fact the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter.
在冬天地球离太阳实际上还要近一些。

No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam.
尽管没有人相信,但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。

7)Be similar with 与……相似;类似的
Eg:I have no similar with Tom.
汤姆和我毫无共同之处.
<拓>be similar to后边既可以加物主代词又可以加人,即:be similar to sth/sb be similar with后边只可以加人,即be similar with sb
Eg:My problems are similar to yours.
我的问题与你的类似。

8)Be taller than(比较级)比……高
Eg:I am taller than my sister.
9)Talk about谈论(事情或人)
Eg:Please don't talk about it in front of the children. 请不要当着孩子们谈论那事.
10)That’s why 这便是为什么;这就是……的原因
Eg:That’s why he was late this morning.
这就是他今天早上迟到的原因。

3.Grammar
1)形容词副词比较级
形容词的比较级变化规则;
1、规则变化:
(1) 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er:
如: small ---smaller
(2) 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,:
如: late --- later
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er:
如: easy --- easier
(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er: 如: big --- bigger
以er,ow结尾的双音节词加er
如: slow --- slower
(5) 多音节词前加more.
如: important --- more important
2.不规则变化
good / well --- better 好bad / badly / ill --- worse 坏
many / much --- more 多little --- less 少
old --- older / elder 老, 旧far --- farther / further 远
2)一般疑问句
一、含有be动词的一般疑问句,通常把be动词调到句首。

eg: 陈述句:They are in the swimming pool.
一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool?
<注意>:一般疑问句句末要用“?”。

二、含有情态动词的一般疑问句(can, may...),把情态动词调到句首。

eg: 陈述句:He can drive a car.
一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?
三、含有have的一般疑问句,have译为“有”。

一般疑问句式有两种形式:
1.把have/has调到句首。

eg: 陈述句:Tommy has a computer.
一般疑问句:Has Tommy/he a computer?
2.加助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其他人称用do。

其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + have...?
Does Tommy have a computer?
四、一般动词的一般疑问句,也要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。

其句型为:Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形+其它?
陈述句:Amy speaks English.
一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English?
如何回答一般疑问句。

首先要有人称的改变。

当主语为名词时,在答语中要改成其相应的代词。

另外,答语有两种,肯定的回答(用yes)和否定的回答(用no),否定式常用缩写形式。

一、一般疑问句含be动词时,用be动词回答,句末用句号。

eg: -Is Mary your sister?
-Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.(缩写)
二、一般疑问句含有情态动词(can, may, should等)时,用情态动词回答。

eg:
-May I come in?
-Yes, you may. / No, you can’t.
三、一般疑问句含有have(译为“有”)时,有两种回答方式。

1.直接用have/has回答。

eg:
-Have they any pictures?
-Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t.
2.用助动词do/does回答。

eg: -Does Millie smoke?
-Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
四、一般动词的一般疑问句回答时也用助动词。

eg: -Do the workers live in London?
-Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
一般疑问句也可称为“yes / no questions”,因这种问句通常用yes / no来回答,相当于汉语中的“……吗?”其语序是:系动词be /助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分?
eg:Are you from Japan? Yes I am./ No I'm not.
Is her sister doing her homework now?Yes she is./No she isn't.
Does he work in a bank? Yes he does./ No he doesn't.
Do you live near your school? Yes I do./ No I don't.
Can you speak French?Yes I can./ No I can't.
May I go home now?Yes you may./ No you mustn't.
1.将陈述句变为一般疑问句时,如句中有be 动词(am is are …)时,可直接将它们提至主语前。

如主语为第一人称,应将其改为第二人称。

eg:
I'm in Class 2Grade 1.→ Are you in Class 2Grade 1?
We're watching TV.→ Are you watching TV?
2.陈述句中有情态动词(can may must …)时,也可直接将它们提至主语前,即可成为一般疑问句。

eg:He can swim now.→ Can he swim now?
3.陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时,变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does 主语后的实义动词用原形。

Eg:I like these animals.→ Do you like these animals?
She wants to go to the movies.→ Does she want to go to the movies?
描述性格的词:
描述人性格的英语词汇
optimistic乐观independent独立的 out-going外向的 active 活泼的
able 有才干的,能干的;adaptable 适应性强的 active 主动的,活跃的;aggressive 有进取心的outgoing外向的quietly 安静地hard-working 勤奋的Talented 有才能的serious 稳重的kind 和蔼的nice 亲切的smart 聪明的Friendly 友好的。

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