第八讲英语翻译技巧重复法解析
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12.翻译技巧之重复法
汉语重复表达的特点
4. 汉语缺乏与英语相像的关系代词、关系副词等一类 汉语缺乏与英语相像的关系代词、 的组合手段，所以汉语句子不宜太长。 的组合手段，所以汉语句子不宜太长。汉语里一个 复杂思想，往往分成几个短句来表达。 复杂思想，往往分成几个短句来表达。各短句之间 的关系，有时靠“意合” 有时靠重复。 的关系，有时靠“意合”，有时靠重复。这样才能 承上启下，衔接自然。 承上启下，衔接自然。 他这样教发音简直是误人子弟，误人还误得不浅。 他这样教发音简直是误人子弟，误人还误得不浅。
Television receiver, television, television set, TV, TV set, boob tube, telly, goggle box, idiot box
英语回避重复的主要方法
3.省略法： 省略法： 省略法 即删去句中相同的词语来回避重复。 即删去句中相同的词语来回避重复。 I like strong tea, I suppose weak is better for you. They are not known to retreat. They never have and never will. A: Would you like to go with me, B: Yes, I’d like to. this orange is ripe. I know from its color.
汉语重复表达的特点
1.汉语第三人称“他”、”她“、”它“发音相同。 汉语第三人称“ 发音相同。 汉语第三人称 汉语很少使用指物的“ 而是习惯重复原词， 汉语很少使用指物的“它”，而是习惯重复原词， 或借助指示代词。 或借助指示代词。 2.汉语有一种连锁句，其中很多需要重复词语。 汉语有一种连锁句，其中很多需要重复词语。 汉语有一种连锁句 有什么吃什么，有米饭吃米饭，有馒头吃馒头。 有什么吃什么，有米饭吃米饭，有馒头吃馒头。 3. 汉语的选择疑问句常常需要重复动词。 汉语的选择疑问句常常需要重复动词。 努力提高呢？还是努力普及呢？ 努力提高呢？还是努力普及呢？
英汉翻译(8)重复法共59页文档
拉
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地译(8)重复法
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6、黄金时代是在我们的前面，而不在 我们的 后面。
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7、心急吃不了热汤圆。
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8、你可以很有个性，但某些时候请收 敛。
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9、只为成功找方法，不为失败找借口 (蹩脚 的工人 总是说 工具不 好)。
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10、只要下定决心克服恐惧，便几乎 能克服 任何恐 惧。因 为，请 记住， 除了在 脑海中 ，恐惧 无处藏 身。-- 戴尔． 卡耐基 。
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
60、生活的道路一旦选定，就要勇敢地译(8)重复法
•
6、黄金时代是在我们的前面，而不在 我们的 后面。
•
7、心急吃不了热汤圆。
•
8、你可以很有个性，但某些时候请收 敛。
•
9、只为成功找方法，不为失败找借口 (蹩脚 的工人 总是说 工具不 好)。
•
10、只要下定决心克服恐惧，便几乎 能克服 任何恐 惧。因 为，请 记住， 除了在 脑海中 ，恐惧 无处藏 身。-- 戴尔． 卡耐基 。
56、书不仅是生活，而且是现在、过 去和未 来文化 生活的 源泉。 ——库 法耶夫 57、生命不可能有两次，但许多人连一 次也不 善于度 过。— —吕凯 特 58、问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来 。—— 朱熹 59、我的努力求学没有得到别的好处， 只不过 是愈来 愈发觉 自己的 无知。 ——笛 卡儿
第八讲 重复法
他曾经送给我一本书。这本书我一直保存至今。
Eg.
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.
昨天下午，我遇到了一位老朋友。这位老朋 友告诉我说他下个星期要出国去。
有时候，在英语中连动词后面的介词也省略 了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。 They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是 否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
2. “They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and never saying anything. “他们在那大热天里站着，一言不发，眼巴巴看我进 去出来，出来进去。
To be vivid
He
hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失 败，并且藐视别人的失败。
Hale Waihona Puke （二）英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代 替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时， 翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的 名词（有时附有修饰语），以达到明确具体 的目的。
Eg.
Yesterday afternoon, I met an old friend of mine, who said that he would go abroad the next week.
昨天下午，我遇到了一位老朋友。这位老朋 友告诉我说他下个星期要出国去。
有时候，在英语中连动词后面的介词也省略 了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。 They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是 否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。
2. “They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and never saying anything. “他们在那大热天里站着，一言不发，眼巴巴看我进 去出来，出来进去。
To be vivid
He
hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失 败，并且藐视别人的失败。
Hale Waihona Puke （二）英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代 替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时， 翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的 名词（有时附有修饰语），以达到明确具体 的目的。
7.重复法
He likes to stand on the platform, watching people come in, go out, go out, come in and saying nothing. 他喜欢站在台上，看着人们进进出出，出 出进进，却一言不发。 back
运用四字对偶词组
Although machines do work better and faster than a person does, they will never be able to replace him because they must be controlled by man.
尽管机器人比人工作得更好，更快，但机 器决不能取代人，因为机器必须由人来控 制。 back
But there had been too much publicity about his case. 但他的事已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。oasts were flat. 祝酒辞平平淡淡。 I wasn’t evasive in my reply. 我的回答并不躲躲闪闪。
7. 重复法 Repetition
在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不 得不重复某些词语。这种反复使用某 些词语的翻译方法就叫重复法。
一般说来，重复法有三个作用： 1. 为了明确 2. 为了强调 3. 为了生动
1. 为了明确
重复名词 重复动词 重复形容词 重复代词 重复介词
重复代词（重复代词所代替的名词）
Ignoring a problem does not solve it. 对于一个问题置之不理，并不能解决问题。 When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive. 她抬起眼晴的时候，眼睛显得很大，很特 别，很动人。
翻译技巧重复法
• They were starting from scratch and needed men, guns, training.
• 他们是白手起家的人，需要人员，需要枪支，需 要训练。
翻译技巧重复法
重复动词（2）
• We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other – of everything but our host and hostess.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 4. That day he was up before sunrise. • 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 • (adv. → v.)
翻译技巧重复法
小结
词类转译法
英汉两种语言的差别（静态 VS动态）要求我们在翻译的 时候适当运用词类转译法以 符合目的语的逻辑和特征。
• 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就 是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（的问 题/情况）。
重复英语中作宾语的名词 (p73)
翻译技巧重复法
练习
• We have to analyze and solve problems. • 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
• They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
• 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的 男女主人。
英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次、第三次往往 只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替
英语中重复的前置词(p76)
• 他们是白手起家的人，需要人员，需要枪支，需 要训练。
翻译技巧重复法
重复动词（2）
• We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other – of everything but our host and hostess.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 4. That day he was up before sunrise. • 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 • (adv. → v.)
翻译技巧重复法
小结
词类转译法
英汉两种语言的差别（静态 VS动态）要求我们在翻译的 时候适当运用词类转译法以 符合目的语的逻辑和特征。
• 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就 是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（的问 题/情况）。
重复英语中作宾语的名词 (p73)
翻译技巧重复法
练习
• We have to analyze and solve problems. • 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
• They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
• 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的 男女主人。
英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次、第三次往往 只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替
英语中重复的前置词(p76)
英汉翻译(8)重复法
Lecture Eight
•Repetition •重复法
I. For Clearness
• 1. Repetition of nouns • The People’s Daily guides, educates and encourages the masses. • 《人民日报》指导群众，教育群众，鼓舞群 众。（重复作宾语的名词） • They do some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error. (重复作表语的名词) • 他们做了某些事情，因为他们是误入歧途的 人，是被错误蒙蔽的人。
• 1) Ignoring a problem does not solve it. • 对一个问题置之不理，并不能解决 问题。 • 2) Smith seemed ill at ease with power, Ball sought it. • 史密斯似乎对权力感到困惑不安，包 尔则拼命追求权力。
• The engineer must have a knowledge not only of what these properties are and mean, but also of how they are determined. • 工程师不仅必须具备有关性能及其含义方面 的知识，而且还必须具备测定性能方面的知识。 （重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词） • We call this type a closed-core transformer. • 我们把这种类型的变压器叫做闭铁芯变压器。 （重复相关联成分后面所省略的名词）
• 5) They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. • 他们非常不愿意推迟这次会议或取消 这次会议。 • 6) Odette needs and deserves admiration─it is the element that contents her. • 奥德蒂需要让人羡慕，而且也值得让 人羡慕——这正是她感到满意的一点。
•Repetition •重复法
I. For Clearness
• 1. Repetition of nouns • The People’s Daily guides, educates and encourages the masses. • 《人民日报》指导群众，教育群众，鼓舞群 众。（重复作宾语的名词） • They do some things in that they are men misled and blinded with error. (重复作表语的名词) • 他们做了某些事情，因为他们是误入歧途的 人，是被错误蒙蔽的人。
• 1) Ignoring a problem does not solve it. • 对一个问题置之不理，并不能解决 问题。 • 2) Smith seemed ill at ease with power, Ball sought it. • 史密斯似乎对权力感到困惑不安，包 尔则拼命追求权力。
• The engineer must have a knowledge not only of what these properties are and mean, but also of how they are determined. • 工程师不仅必须具备有关性能及其含义方面 的知识，而且还必须具备测定性能方面的知识。 （重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词） • We call this type a closed-core transformer. • 我们把这种类型的变压器叫做闭铁芯变压器。 （重复相关联成分后面所省略的名词）
• 5) They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. • 他们非常不愿意推迟这次会议或取消 这次会议。 • 6) Odette needs and deserves admiration─it is the element that contents her. • 奥德蒂需要让人羡慕，而且也值得让 人羡慕——这正是她感到满意的一点。
汉英笔译基础教程第8章 重复与替换
❖保留原文的排比句式，也保留了原文充满激情 的诗一般的语言风格。
8.3 句式的重复
❖ 部分保留 ❖ 秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可
是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静， 来得悲凉。 ❖Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy.
8.1.2 舍弃叠音效果
❖ 成群成群的蝗虫毁灭了大片大片的稻田庄稼。 ❖Hordes of locusts ruined the crops in tracts of rice
field. ❖ 这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂
寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。
❖It is peaceful and secluded here, a place not frequented by pedestrians even in the daytime; now at night, it looks more solitary, in a lush, shady ambience of trees all around the pond.
8.3 句式的重复
❖ 融合法 ❖ 她底思想似乎浮漂在极远，可是她自己捉摸不
定远在那里。于是慢慢地跑回来，跑到眼前， 跑到她底孩子底身上。 ❖Lost in deep thought, she seemed absolutely dead to the reality surrounding her. Later she gradually came to, and found herself face to face with the present and her child.
8.3 句式的重复
❖ 部分保留 ❖ 秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可
是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静， 来得悲凉。 ❖Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy.
8.1.2 舍弃叠音效果
❖ 成群成群的蝗虫毁灭了大片大片的稻田庄稼。 ❖Hordes of locusts ruined the crops in tracts of rice
field. ❖ 这是一条幽僻的路；白天也少人走，夜晚更加寂
寞。荷塘四面，长着许多树，蓊蓊郁郁的。
❖It is peaceful and secluded here, a place not frequented by pedestrians even in the daytime; now at night, it looks more solitary, in a lush, shady ambience of trees all around the pond.
8.3 句式的重复
❖ 融合法 ❖ 她底思想似乎浮漂在极远，可是她自己捉摸不
定远在那里。于是慢慢地跑回来，跑到眼前， 跑到她底孩子底身上。 ❖Lost in deep thought, she seemed absolutely dead to the reality surrounding her. Later she gradually came to, and found herself face to face with the present and her child.
英译汉第8讲翻译技巧之重复法连淑能英译汉教程参考幻灯片
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Nanjing University
grammatical repetition
重复被修饰语
Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law, in particular of the Geneva Convention.
翻译技巧
第八讲
2013-4-23
重复法
repetition
Nanjing University
repetition
grammatical repetition rhetorical reduplication and
repetition
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Nanjing University
repetition
我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济，并且决心保证使从事社 会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。
2020/10/5
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Nanjing University
grammatical repetition
重复修饰语
I identify myself as one of critical lovers and loving critics of the United Nations.
我自认为我既是一个批评联合国的爱护者，又是一个爱 护联合国的批评者。
We need materials which can bear high temperature and pressure.
翻译硕士英语翻译技巧：重复翻译法
翻译硕士英语翻译技巧：重复翻译法 重复是汉语表达的一个显著特点，在很多场合只有将词语一再的重复才能达到想要的效果。
相同的在汉英翻译中，为了表达出汉语准确完整的标准和效果，为了使想要表达的意思表达更清楚更强调也是需要一些关键词语的重复。
一、重复名词 (一)重复英语中作表语的名词 This has been our position—but not theirs. 这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
John is your friend as much as he is mine. 约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。
(二)重复英语中作宾语的名词 Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems. 必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting. 他们不太愿意推迟这个会议或者取消这个会议。
(三)重复定语从句中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词(通常是名词、名词短语或代词)，一方面在从句中担任一个成分。
汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。
He gave ma a book which I kept to this day. 他曾经送给我一本书。
这本书我一直保存至今。
Yesterday afternoon， I met an old friend of mine， who said that he would go abroad the next week. 昨天下午，我遇到了一位老朋友。
这位老朋友告诉我说他下个星期要出国去。
(四)重复英语介词前所省略的名词 英语中常重复使用介词，而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往可以重复这些省略的名词。
英语语法学习之重复法分析
• May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world. • 让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及共产党， 祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在 鼓舞着全世界。
重复法—重复动词
• • • • The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too. 这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。 For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分钟之久，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。
1. Each country has its own customs. 2. Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free 3. Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. 4. Target priorities were established there. 5. His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
重复法重复做先行词的名词extendmyheartiestcongratulationsgreatchinesepeopleitscommunistpartythroughyouglowingsuccessyourtremendousrevolutionwhichnowinspiring让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及共产党祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界
重复法—重复动词
• • • • The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too. 这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。 For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother. 足足有十分钟之久，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。
1. Each country has its own customs. 2. Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free 3. Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. 4. Target priorities were established there. 5. His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
重复法重复做先行词的名词extendmyheartiestcongratulationsgreatchinesepeopleitscommunistpartythroughyouglowingsuccessyourtremendousrevolutionwhichnowinspiring让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及共产党祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界
英汉翻译(8)重复法(1)
• 1. When we reflected on the labors and pains, the cares, disquiet, and dangers which attended the road to greatness... • 2. And Homer! Is not he likewise human? Even Homer may sometimes nod. To err is human. • 3. It is part of the general theory of democracy that all human beings are equal in the sense that they all have some basic rights and that all should be treated alike. • 4. Stephen came out of the hot mill into the damp wind and cold wet streets, haggard and worn. • 5. I was struck by their cordiality. • 6. Most were absorbed into the Russian empire through colonial expansion under the Tsars. • 7. There lied one of the chief difficulties. • 8. Don't take it seriously. I'm just making fun of you. • 9. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument. • 10) Birds fluttered and cheeped among the budding fruit trees, Insects buzzed and tickled.
翻译技巧-重复法
• 哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。
英语中强调关系代词或关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever等等， 翻译时往往使用重复法处理。（p79）
重复代词（4）
• Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
为了明确重复
译文
一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日 本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处 于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即 尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。
分析：原文涉及三方（one of the contracting parties; Japan;
the other contracting party)， 如果用“它”，那到底指的是哪方呢？
第八讲: 翻译技巧——重复法
教学步骤
学生陈述 作业讲评 翻译技巧——重复法 作业布置
作业讲评
• 1. The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
• 一路上非常顺利，风是顺风，天是晴朗的好天气。 • (adj. → n.) • 2. The increasing number of students poses
many new problems for the universities. • 学生人数的增加给大学带来了许多新问题。 • (ving → n.)
作业讲评
• 3. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 译文：曲水抱山山抱水。 闲人观伶伶观人。
英语中强调关系代词或关系副词 whoever, whenever, wherever等等， 翻译时往往使用重复法处理。（p79）
重复代词（4）
• Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
为了明确重复
译文
一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或与日 本同盟的任何国家之侵袭，因而处 于战争状态时，缔约国的另一方即 尽其全力给予军事及其他援助。
分析：原文涉及三方（one of the contracting parties; Japan;
the other contracting party)， 如果用“它”，那到底指的是哪方呢？
第八讲: 翻译技巧——重复法
教学步骤
学生陈述 作业讲评 翻译技巧——重复法 作业布置
作业讲评
• 1. The voyage was a smooth one. The wind is favorable and the weather fair.
• 一路上非常顺利，风是顺风，天是晴朗的好天气。 • (adj. → n.) • 2. The increasing number of students poses
many new problems for the universities. • 学生人数的增加给大学带来了许多新问题。 • (ving → n.)
作业讲评
• 3. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 译文：曲水抱山山抱水。 闲人观伶伶观人。
翻译技巧之重复法
重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。
翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。
一、为了明确（一）重复名词1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词1）Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。
2）I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。
3）They began to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
4）Thus, I wrote "Spain in Arms, 1937" and saw China in revolution in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.这样，我就写了《战斗中的西班牙（一九三七年）》。
我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年正在革命的中国，后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。
2. 重复英语中作表语的名词1）He became an oil baron -- all by himself.他成为一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王。
2）This has been our position -- but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
3）John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。
3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用前置词，而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。
1）The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从1700个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
八 重复法,词类转换法
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Translation Skill--Conversion (词类转换法)
16
Definition
The skill to change word’s part of speech is called conversion. It is employed to make the translation smoother and more expressive.
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转译成动词
大量使用 名词 是英语的一个重要标志， 而汉语中则大量使用动词动词
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老拴还踌躇着，这黑的人便抢过灯笼，一把拽 下纸罩，裹了馒头，塞与老拴，一手抓过洋钱， 捏一捏，转身去了，嘴里哼着说…… （连动式） 晴雯先接出来，笑道： 好啊，叫我研了墨，早 起高兴，只写了三个字，哄我等了这一天，快 来给我写完了这些末才算呢！（连动式， 兼语 式） 拍案叫绝 / 打草惊蛇/ 见异思迁/ 引狼入室 / 请君入翁 /指鹿为马
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A.名词转译成动词
1. 2.
3.
He is a good eater and sleeper. The appearance of the books on the market caused a sensation. He is a lover of Chinese paintings.
N
V
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1. They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工 要求工资增加40%。 罢工， 工资增加 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加 。 2. Give me liberty or give me death. 自由， 毋宁死 不自由， 毋宁死。 3. He is an enemy to reform. 反对改革 改革。 他反对改革。 4. Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach and cooperation. 国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。 妨碍彼此的接近与合作 国与国社会制度的不同应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。
翻译技巧8之必要重复
Translation Skills (8)RepetitionI. 英语回避重复的主要方法1.指代法：即使用代词（主要是人称代词、物主代词、指示代词以及用于非限制性定语从句的关系代词等）来回避重复。
I met John on the street yesterday. He was walking beside his sister. They were going to see a film. Mary is standing at the door, with her hand in her pocket.2. 换词法：即使用范畴词、上下义词、同义词或准同义词来回避重复。
The monkey’s extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed.电视的表达法：Television receiver, television, television set, TV, TV set, boob tube, telly, goggle box, idiot box3.省略法：即删去句中相同的词语来回避重复。
I like strong tea, but I suppose weak is better for you.They are not known to retreat. They never have and never will.A: Would you like to go with me,B: Yes, I’d like to.This orange is ripe. I know from its color.英语回避重复的主要方法4.保留介词法：即保留同一个介词以回避名词、动词或形容词的重复。
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（二）加强语气，表示强调
eg. 1)Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 2) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中踱来踱去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。 3) Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。 4) Long, long ago… 很久很久以前… hot and hot, one by one, hand in hand, word for word 滚烫滚烫， 一个接一个， 手拉手， 字对字
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6. This is some place! 真是个好地方！ 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 8. Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发稀疏。 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
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二、汉英增词技巧
1.增补代词 Eg. 1)接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter.（人称代词） 2)请原谅，打扰一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.（人称代词） 3)她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.（物主代词） 4)已经六点了。 It’s already six o’clock.（it表示时间） 5)对于英语学习者来说，掌握方法非常重要。 It’s important for the English-learners to master some learning skills.（it作形式主语）
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（三）为了使译文更加生动
Eg.1) But there has been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 2) If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。 3) He was handsome, graceful, quiet, gentle and cultivated. 他仪表堂堂，风度翩翩，温文尔雅，矜持寡言。 4)She held out her hands shaking——”Don’t you remember me?” 她颤巍巍伸出手来，说道：“你不记得我了？”
增词法练习 1. I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 2. Are you tired? Not very. 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 6. This is some place! 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 8. Day after day he came to his work – sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard.
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英语强势词的译法
Eg. 1)You may take whatever away for all I care. 你可以拿走任何东西，我不在乎。 你想拿什么什么就拿什么，我才不管哩。 2) Don’t worry about the money. Just repay me whenever you have. 别担心那些钱。你任何时候有钱了再还我就行。 别把那点钱挂在心上。你什么时候有什么时候还我 好了。
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5.增补注释性词语
Eg.1)班门弄斧 Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 2)北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。 North of the mountain lived an old man called Yugong (literally “foolish old man”) ,who was nearly ninety years old. 3)京伦饭店位于首都市中心，通体洁白，像一方无暇的美玉， 镶嵌在十里长街上。 Hotel Bejing-Toronto, located in the downtown area of China’s capital, Beijing, decorated in white, resembles a piece of pure jade embedded in the ten-mile long Chang’an Avenue.
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ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 我倒无所谓，随你的便吧。 2. Are you tired? Not very. 你累了吗？不太累。 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 他们谈到通货膨胀，失业，环境污染等问题。 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 学生应该向老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 观看完篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。
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3.增补连词
Eg. 1)姐姐在等我，我得走了。 My sister is waiting for me, so I have to go. 2)天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。 As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 3)大家都应该知道他出国的事了吧？ I suppose all of you have been told (the fact) that he has gone abroad. 4)这就是我经常跟你提到的那位老师。 This is the teacher who I always mention to you.
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2.增补冠词
Eg. 1)月亮慢慢从海上升起。 The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 2)我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. 3)他在班里个子最高，篮球也打得最棒。 He is the tallest one in the class and the most excellent basketball player.
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2.重复动词
Eg. 1)You’ve read more books than I have. 你读的书比我（读的）多。 2)It is on this basis that we reexamine the world, our region and ourselves. 我们正是在这个基础上重新审视世界，重新审视我们的地区， 重新审视我们自己。 3.重复“谓语动词+的+谓语动词”结构 Eg.1)A group of young men are planting trees on the hill. Some are digging, some are watering. 一群年轻人在山上植树，挖坑的挖坑，浇水的浇水。
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1)Her room is always kept clean and tidy although she is busy all day. 2) Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 3) You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best. 4) They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 5) Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 6) Each country has its own customs. 7)把故事看完后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 8)我是在北京遇上他的。 9)天气寒冷，河都结冰了。 10)游客可以去杨贵妃洗澡的华清池洗温泉浴。
（二）加强语气，表示强调
eg. 1)Gentlemen many cry peace, peace---but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。 2) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding. 他在凄雨中踱来踱去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。 3) Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。 4) Long, long ago… 很久很久以前… hot and hot, one by one, hand in hand, word for word 滚烫滚烫， 一个接一个， 手拉手， 字对字
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6. This is some place! 真是个好地方！ 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 8. Day after day he came to his work –sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发稀疏。 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。
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二、汉英增词技巧
1.增补代词 Eg. 1)接到你的来信，非常高兴。 I was very glad to have received your letter.（人称代词） 2)请原谅，打扰一下。 Excuse me for interrupting you.（人称代词） 3)她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。 She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.（物主代词） 4)已经六点了。 It’s already six o’clock.（it表示时间） 5)对于英语学习者来说，掌握方法非常重要。 It’s important for the English-learners to master some learning skills.（it作形式主语）
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（三）为了使译文更加生动
Eg.1) But there has been too much publicity about my case. 但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。 2) If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few. 多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。 3) He was handsome, graceful, quiet, gentle and cultivated. 他仪表堂堂，风度翩翩，温文尔雅，矜持寡言。 4)She held out her hands shaking——”Don’t you remember me?” 她颤巍巍伸出手来，说道：“你不记得我了？”
增词法练习 1. I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 2. Are you tired? Not very. 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 6. This is some place! 7. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 8. Day after day he came to his work – sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 9. He was wrinkled and black, with scant hair. 10. Flowers bloom all over the yard.
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英语强势词的译法
Eg. 1)You may take whatever away for all I care. 你可以拿走任何东西，我不在乎。 你想拿什么什么就拿什么，我才不管哩。 2) Don’t worry about the money. Just repay me whenever you have. 别担心那些钱。你任何时候有钱了再还我就行。 别把那点钱挂在心上。你什么时候有什么时候还我 好了。
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5.增补注释性词语
Eg.1)班门弄斧 Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 2)北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。 North of the mountain lived an old man called Yugong (literally “foolish old man”) ,who was nearly ninety years old. 3)京伦饭店位于首都市中心，通体洁白，像一方无暇的美玉， 镶嵌在十里长街上。 Hotel Bejing-Toronto, located in the downtown area of China’s capital, Beijing, decorated in white, resembles a piece of pure jade embedded in the ten-mile long Chang’an Avenue.
张伟红
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.I don’t care about it. You may please yourself. 我倒无所谓，随你的便吧。 2. Are you tired? Not very. 你累了吗？不太累。 3. They talked about inflation, unemployment and environmental pollution. 他们谈到通货膨胀，失业，环境污染等问题。 4. Students should learn from teachers and vice versa. 学生应该向老师学习，老师也应该向学生学习。 5. After the basketball match, the chairman still has an important meeting. 观看完篮球比赛之后，主席还有一个重要会议要参加。
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3.增补连词
Eg. 1)姐姐在等我，我得走了。 My sister is waiting for me, so I have to go. 2)天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。 As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night. 3)大家都应该知道他出国的事了吧？ I suppose all of you have been told (the fact) that he has gone abroad. 4)这就是我经常跟你提到的那位老师。 This is the teacher who I always mention to you.
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2.增补冠词
Eg. 1)月亮慢慢从海上升起。 The moon was slowly rising above the sea. 2)我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. 3)他在班里个子最高，篮球也打得最棒。 He is the tallest one in the class and the most excellent basketball player.
张伟红
2.重复动词
Eg. 1)You’ve read more books than I have. 你读的书比我（读的）多。 2)It is on this basis that we reexamine the world, our region and ourselves. 我们正是在这个基础上重新审视世界，重新审视我们的地区， 重新审视我们自己。 3.重复“谓语动词+的+谓语动词”结构 Eg.1)A group of young men are planting trees on the hill. Some are digging, some are watering. 一群年轻人在山上植树，挖坑的挖坑，浇水的浇水。
张伟红
1)Her room is always kept clean and tidy although she is busy all day. 2) Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears. 3) You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best. 4) They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 5) Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 6) Each country has its own customs. 7)把故事看完后，用你自己的话讲一遍。 8)我是在北京遇上他的。 9)天气寒冷，河都结冰了。 10)游客可以去杨贵妃洗澡的华清池洗温泉浴。