高分子英语专业名词翻译
高分子专业名词翻译
23coiling type polymer 47825 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32 自由基聚合，曾用名游离基聚合free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33 控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization37 可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43 无活性端聚合，曾用名死端聚合dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67 负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82 定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecificpolymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合Matrix polymerization,template polymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101 聚加成反应，曾用名逐步加成聚合polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108 缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109 酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, ester exchangepolycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization116 气相聚合gaseous polymerization, gas phase polymerization 117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator155 电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179 μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182 限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant221 ①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理3构型单元configurational unit 4立构重复单元stereorepeating unit 5立构规整度tacticity6等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity7间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity8无规度，无规立构度atacticity9嵌段block10规整嵌段regular block11非规整嵌段irregular block12立构嵌段stereoblock13有规立构嵌段isotactic block14无规立构嵌段atactic block15单体单元monomeric unit16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain 22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain 23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity 92摩尔质量平均，又称“分子量平均”molar mass average93数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-averagemolar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-averagemolar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布，曾用名最可几分布most probable distribution111对数正态分布，又称“对数正则分布”logarithmic normal distribution112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数，曾用名“维里系数”Virial coefficient123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure 207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal 219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure 222远程结构long-range structure 223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation 225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization 229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相，曾用名“无定形相”amorphous phase245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252双峰分解bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilization260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象，细颈现象necking286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度，又称断裂强度tensile strength (breaking strength) 295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度，又称抗扯强度tearing strength297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength 298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation 325裂缝，俗称“龟裂”crack326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity 367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用]，又称“松弛”relaxation369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature 372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum 374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior 377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition394次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature395开尔文模型Kelvin model396麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model397时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle 398玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle399平移因子shift factor400WLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation 401软化温度softening temperature402平衡熔点equilibrium melting point403物理老化physical ageing404光老化photoageing405热老化thermal ageing406热氧老化thermo-oxidative ageing05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。
(完整版)高分子材料专业英语词汇
stirbar
搅拌子
（Multiple）adaptor
分水器（适配器）
glove
手套
balance
天平
Basic concepts
基本概念
macromolecule
大分子
polymer
聚合物
monomer
单体
structure unit
结构单元
repeating unit
重复单元
monomer unit
trans
反式
stereo isomerism
立体异构
isotactic
全同
syndiotactic
间同
atactic
无轨
mechanism
机理
chain polymerization
连锁聚合
step polymerization
逐步聚合
addition polymerization
加聚
condensation polymerization
缩聚
free radical
自由基
initiation
引发
thermal initiator
热引发剂
peroxide initiator
过氧化物引发剂
azo initiator
偶氮引发剂
decomposition
分解
redox initiator
氧化还原引发剂
photoinitiator
光引发剂
propagation
二
—ane
烷烃
mono-
单
—ene
烯烃
—ol
醇
-yne
高分子专业术语中英文对照表
高分子专业术语中英文对照表加工 processing反应性加工 reactive processing等离子体加工 plasma processing加工性 processability熔体流动指数 melt [flow] index门尼粘度 Mooney index塑化 plasticizing增塑作用 plasticization内增塑作用 internal plasticization外增塑作用 external plasticization增塑溶胶 plastisol增强 reinforcing增容作用 compatibilization相容性 compatibility相溶性 intermiscibility生物相容性 biocompatibility血液相容性 blood compatibility组织相容性 tissue compatibility混炼 milling, mixing素炼 mastication塑炼 plastication过炼 dead milled橡胶配合 rubber compounding共混 blend捏和 kneading冷轧 cold rolling压延性 calenderability压延 calendering埋置 embedding压片 preforming模塑 molding模压成型 compression molding压缩成型 compression forming冲压模塑 impact moulding, shock moulding叠模压塑 stack moulding复合成型 composite molding注射成型 injection molding注塑压缩成型 injection compression molding射流注塑 jet molding无流道冷料注塑 runnerless injection molding共注塑 coinjection molding气辅注塑 gas aided injection molding注塑焊接 injection welding传递成型 transfer molding树脂传递成型 resin transfer molding铸塑 cast熔铸 fusion casting铸塑成型 cast molding单体浇铸 monomer casting挤出 extrusion共挤出 coextrusion多层挤塑 multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑 coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑 coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑 blown extrusion挤出吹塑 extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型 extrusion draw blow molding反应性挤塑 reactive extrusion固相挤出 solid-phase extrusion发泡 expanding foam后发泡 post expansion物理发泡 physical foam化学发泡 chemical foam吹塑 blow molding多层吹塑 multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型 stretch blow molding滚塑 rotational moulding反应注射成型 reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型 vacuum forming无压成型 zero ressure molding真空烧结 vacuum sintering真空袋成型 vacuum bag molding热成型 thermal forming拉伸热成型 stretch thermoforming袋模塑 bag molding糊塑 paste molding镶铸 imbedding冲压成型 impact molding触压成型 impression molding层压材料 laminate泡沫塑料成型 foam molding包模成型 drape molding充气吹胀 inflation橡胶胶乳 rubber latex胶乳 latex高分子胶体 polymer colloid生橡胶 raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶 ebonite再生胶 reclaimed rubber充油橡胶 oil-extended rubber母胶 masterbatch交联 crosslinking固化 cure光固化 photo-cure硫化 vulcanization后硫化 post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联 self crosslinking , self curing过硫 over cure返硫 reversion欠硫 under cure动态硫化 dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化 heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应 set-up effect自动硫化 self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧 scorching无压硫化 non-pressure cure模压硫化 moulding curing常温硫化 auto-vulcanization热硫化 heat curing蒸汽硫化 steam curing微波硫化 micro wave curing辐射硫化 radiation vulcanization辐射交联 radiation crosslinking连续硫化 continuous vulcanization无模硫化 open vulcanization成纤 fiber forming可纺性 spinnability纺丝 spinning干纺 dry spinning湿纺 wet spinning干湿法纺丝 dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝 dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝 solution spinning乳液纺丝 emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法 emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝 jet spinning喷纺成形 spray spinning液晶纺丝 liquid crystal spinning熔纺 melt spinning共混纺丝 blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning反应纺丝 reaction spinning静电纺丝 electrostatic spinning高压纺丝 high-pressure spinning复合纺丝 conjugate spinning无纺布 non-woven fabrics单丝 monofilament, monofil复丝 multifilament全取向丝 fully oriented yarn中空纤维 hollow fiber皮芯纤维 sheath core fiber共纺 cospinning冷拉伸 cold drawing, cold stretching 单轴拉伸 uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸 biaxial drawing多轴拉伸 multiaxial drawing皮心效应 skin and core effect皮层效应 skin effect防缩 non-shrink熟成 ripening垂挂 sag定型 sizing起球现象 pilling effect捻度 twist旦 denier特 tex纱 yarn股 strand粘合 adhesion反应粘合 reaction bonding压敏粘合 pressure sensitive adhesion 底漆 primer浸渍 impregnation浸渍树脂 solvent impregnated resin基体 matrix聚合物表面活性剂 polymeric surfactant 高分子絮凝剂 polymeric flocculant预发颗粒 pre-expanded bead高分子膜 polymeric membraneH-膜 H-filmLB膜 Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film) 半透膜 semipermeable membrane反渗透膜 Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜 porous membrane各向异性膜 anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜 cation exchange membrane负离子交换膜 anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂 polymeric adsorbent添加剂 additive固化剂 curing agent潜固化剂 latent curing agent硫化剂 vulcanizing agent给硫剂 sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor 硫化促进剂 vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂 vulcanization activator活化促进剂 activating accelerator活化剂 activator防焦剂 scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂 anti-reversion agent塑解剂 peptizer偶联剂 coupling agent硅烷偶联剂 silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂 titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂 aluminate coupling agent 增强剂 reinforcing agent增硬剂 hardening agent惰性填料 inert filler增塑剂 plasticizer辅增塑剂 coplasticizer增粘剂 tackifier增容剂 compatibilizer增塑增容剂 plasticizer extender分散剂 dispersant agent结构控制剂 constitution controller色料 colorant荧光增白剂 optical bleaching agent抗降解剂 antidegradant防老剂 anti-aging agent防臭氧剂 antiozonant抗龟裂剂 anticracking agent抗疲劳剂 anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂 biocide防蚀剂 anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂 photoresist防霉剂 antiseptic防腐剂 rot resistor防潮剂 moisture proof agent除臭剂 re-odorant抗氧剂 antioxidant热稳定剂 heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂 antistatic additive抗静电剂 antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂 ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂 ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂 light stabilizer, photostabilizer 光屏蔽剂 light screener发泡剂 foaming agent物理发泡剂 physical foaming agent化学发泡剂 chemical foaming agent脱模剂 releasing agent内脱模剂 internal releasing agent外脱模剂 external releasing agent阻燃剂 flame retardant防火剂 fire retardant烧蚀剂 ablator润滑剂 lubricant湿润剂 wetting agent隔离剂 separant增韧剂 toughening agent抗冲改性剂 impact modifier消泡剂 antifoaming agent减阻剂 drag reducer破乳剂 demulsifier粘度改进剂 viscosity modifier增稠剂 thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂 abhesive洗脱剂 eluant附聚剂 agglomerating agent后处理剂 after-treating agent催干剂 drier防结皮剂 anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂 textile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：结构单元 constitutional unit重复结构单元 constitutional repeating unit 构型单元 configurational unit立构重复单元 stereorepeating unit立构规整度 tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度 isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度 syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度 atacticity嵌段 block规整嵌段 regular block非规整嵌段 irregular block立构嵌段 stereoblock有规立构嵌段 isotactic block无规立构嵌段 atactic block单体单元 monomeric unit二单元组 diad三单元组 triad四单元组 tetrad五单元组 pentad无规线团 random coil自由连接链 freely-jointed chain自由旋转链 freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链 worm-like chain柔性链 flexible chain链柔性 chain flexibility刚性链 rigid chain棒状链 rodlike chain链刚性 chain rigidity聚集 aggregation聚集体 aggregate凝聚、聚集 coalescence链缠结 chain entanglement凝聚缠结 cohesional entanglement物理缠结 physical entanglement拓扑缠结 topological entanglement凝聚相 condensed phase凝聚态 condensed state凝聚过程 condensing process临界聚集浓度 critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换 coil-globule transition受限链 confined chain受限态 confined state物理交联 physical crosslinking统计线团 statistical coil等效链 equivalent chain统计链段 statistical segment链段 chain segment链构象 chain conformation无规线团模型 random coil model无规行走模型 random walk model自避随机行走模型 self avoiding walk model卷曲构象 coiled conformation高斯链 Gaussian chain无扰尺寸 unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸 perturbed dimension热力学等效球 thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用 short-range intramolecular interaction远程分子内相互作用 long-range intramolecular interaction链间相互作用 interchain interaction链间距 interchain spacing长程有序 long range order近程有序 short range order回转半径 radius of gyration末端间矢量 end-to-end vector链末端 chain end末端距 end-to-end distance无扰末端距 unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距 root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度 contour length相关长度 persistence length主链；链骨架 chain backbone支链 branch chain链支化 chain branching短支链 short-chain branch长支链 long-chain branch支化系数 branching index支化密度 branching density支化度 degree of branching交联度 degree of crosslinking网络 network网络密度 network density溶胀 swelling平衡溶胀 equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合 molecular assembly自组装 self assembly微凝胶 microgel凝胶点 gel point可逆[性]凝胶 reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化 sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性 constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity 摩尔质量平均 molar mass average数均分子量 number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass重均分子量 weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar mass Z均分子量 Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量 viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量 apparent molar mass表观分子量 apparent molecular weight聚合度 degree of polymerization动力学链长 kinetic chain length单分散性 monodispersity临界分子量 critical molecular weight分子量分布 molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数 polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度 average degree of polymerization质量分布函数 mass distribution function数量分布函数 number distribution function重量分布函数 weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布 Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布 most probable distribution对数正态分布 logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液 polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用 polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质 thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距 mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径 mean square radius of gyrationθ温度 theta temperatureθ态 theta stateθ溶剂 theta solvent良溶剂 good solvent不良溶剂 poor solvent位力系数 Virial coefficient排除体积 excluded volume溶胀因子 expansion factor溶胀度 degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论 Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式 Huggins equation哈金斯系数 Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数 solubility parameter摩擦系数 frictional coefficient流体力学等效球 hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积 hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型 bead-rod model球-簧链模型 ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射 flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射 dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射 low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数 sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法 sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法 sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度 relative viscosity相对黏度增量 relative viscosity increment黏度比 viscosity ratio黏数 viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计 [Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计 capillary viscometer落球黏度计 ball viscometer落球黏度 ball viscosity本体黏度 bulk viscosity比浓黏度 reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度 inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数 intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数 viscosity function零切变速率黏度 zero shear viscosity端基分析 analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法 vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射 coherent elastic scattering of radiation 折光指数增量 refractive index increment瑞利比 Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比 excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数 particle scattering function粒子散射因子 particle scattering factor齐姆图 Zimm plot散射的非对称性 dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用 depolarization分级 fractionation沉淀分级 precipitation fractionation萃取分级 extraction fractionation色谱分级 chromatographic fractionation柱分级 column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级 elution fractionation热分级 thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法 gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限 molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法 solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限 molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积 elution volume普适标定 universal calibration加宽函数 spreading function链轴 chain axis等同周期 identity period链重复距离 chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期 crystalline fold period构象重复单元 conformational repeating unit几何等效 geometrical equivalence螺旋链 helix chain构型无序 configurational disorder链取向无序 chain orientational disorder构象无序 conformational disorder锯齿链 zigzag chain双[股]螺旋 double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向 global chain orientation结晶聚合物 crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物 semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体 polymer crystal高分子微晶 polymer crystallite结晶度 degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 高分子[异质]同晶现象 macromolecular isomorphism 聚合物形态学 morphology of polymer片晶 lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶 axialite树枝[状]晶体 dendrite纤维晶 fibrous crystal串晶结构 shish-kebab structure球晶 spherulite折叠链 folded chain链折叠 chain folding折叠表面 fold surface折叠面 fold plane折叠微区 fold domain相邻再入模型 adjacent re-entry model接线板模型 switchboard model缨状微束模型 fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体 folded-chain crystal平行链晶体 parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体 extended-chain crystal球状链晶体 globular-chain crystal长周期 long period近程结构 short-range structure远程结构 long-range structure成核作用 nucleation分子成核作用 molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程 Avrami equation主结晶 primary crystallization后期结晶 secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶 epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长 epitaxial growth织构 texture液晶态 liquid crystal state溶致性液晶 lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶 thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶 thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶 smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相 smectic mesophase近晶相 smectic phase条带织构 banded texture环带球晶 ringed spherulite向列相 nematic phase盘状相 discotic phase解取向 disorientation分聚 segregation非晶相 amorphous phase非晶区 amorphous region非晶态 amorphous state非晶取向 amorphous orientation链段运动 segmental motion亚稳态 metastable state相分离 phase separation亚稳相分离 spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相 microphase界面相 boundary phase相容性 compatibility混容性 miscibility不相容性 incompatibility不混容性 immiscibility增容作用 compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度 lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度 upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭 concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光 excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光 exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜 laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向 uniaxial orientation双轴取向 biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度 degree of orientation橡胶态 rubber state玻璃态 glassy state高弹态 elastomeric state黏流态 viscous flow state伸长 elongation高弹形变 high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原 nerviness拉伸比 draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比 Poisson's ratio杨氏模量 Young's modulus本体模量 bulk modulus剪切模量 shear modulus法向应力 normal stress剪切应力 shear stress剪切应变 shear strain屈服 yielding颈缩现象 necking屈服应力 yield stress屈服应变 yield strain脆性断裂 brittle fracture脆性开裂 brittle cracking脆-韧转变 brittle ductile transition脆化温度 brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂 ductile fracture冲击强度 impact strength拉伸强度 tensile strength极限拉伸强度 ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度 tearing strength弯曲强度 flexural strength, bending strength 弯曲模量 bending modulus弯曲应变 bending strain弯曲应力 bending stress收缩开裂 shrinkage crack剪切强度 shear strength剥离强度 peeling strength疲劳强度 fatigue strength, fatigue resistance 挠曲 deflection压缩强度 compressive strength压缩永久变形 compression set压缩变形 compressive deformation压痕硬度 indentation hardness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness布氏硬度 Brinell hardness抗刮性 scrath resistance断裂力学 fracture mechanics力学破坏 mechanical failure应力强度因子 stress intensity factor断裂伸长 elongation at break屈服强度 yield strength断裂韧性 fracture toughness弹性形变 elastic deformation弹性滞后 elastic hysteresis弹性 elasticity弹性模量 modulus of elasticity弹性回复 elastic recovery不可回复形变 irrecoverable deformation 裂缝 crack银纹 craze形变；变形 deformation永久变形 deformation set剩余变形 residual deformation剩余伸长 residual stretch回弹，回弹性 resilience延迟形变 retarded deformation延迟弹性 retarded elasticity可逆形变 reversible deformation应力开裂 stress cracking应力-应变曲线 stress strain curve拉伸应变 stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫 tensile stress relaxation 热历史 thermal history热收缩 thermoshrinking扭辫分析 torsional braid analysis，TBA 应力致白 stress whitening应变能 strain energy应变张量 strain tensor剩余应力 residual stress应变硬化 strain hardening应变软化 strain softening电流变液 electrorheological fluid假塑性 pseudoplastic拉胀性 auxiticity牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体 non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体 Bingham fluid冷流 cold flow牛顿剪切黏度 Newtonian shear viscosity 剪切黏度 shear viscosity表观剪切黏度 apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy塑性形变 plastic deformation塑性流动 plastic flow体积弛豫 volume relaxation拉伸黏度 extensional viscosity黏弹性 viscoelasticity线性黏弹性 linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性 non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变 creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量 relaxation modulus蠕变柔量 creep compliance热畸变温度 heat distortion temperature弛豫谱 relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱 retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间 relaxation time推迟时间 retardation time动态力学行为 dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性 dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线 thermo-mechanical curve动态转变 dynamic transition储能模量 storage modulus损耗模量 loss modulus复数模量 complex modulus复数柔量 complex compliance动态黏度 dynamic viscosity复数黏度 complex viscosity复数介电常数 complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子 dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数 dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间 dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变 glass transition玻璃化转变温度 glass-transition temperature次级弛豫 secondary relaxation次级转变 secondary transition次级弛豫温度 secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型 Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model时-温叠加原理 time-temperature superposition principle 玻耳兹曼叠加原理 Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子 shift factorWLF公式 WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度 softening temperature平衡熔点 equilibrium melting point物理老化 physical ageing光老化 photoageing热老化 thermal ageing热氧老化 thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化 artificial ageing加速老化 accelerated ageing计算机模拟 computer simulation分子动力学模拟 molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟 Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反应类：单体 monomer官能度 functionality平均官能度 average functionality双官能［基］单体 bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体 trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体 vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体 vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体 vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体 diene monomer极性单体 polar monomer非极性单体 non polar monomer共轭单体 conjugated monomer非共轭单体 non conjugated monomer活化单体 activated monomer官能单体 functional monomer大分子单体 macromer, macromonomer环状单体 cyclic monomer共聚单体 comonomer聚合［反应］ polymerization均聚反应 homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应 (曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应 telomerization自发聚合 spontaneous polymerization预聚合 prepolymerization后聚合 post polymerization再聚合 repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合 cast polymerization链［式］聚合 chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合 vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合 diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］ addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合 (曾用名) free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合 controlled radical polymerization，CRP活性自由基聚合 living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合 atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合 reverse atom transfer radical polymerization， RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移 reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合 nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合 stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合 free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合 radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合 redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合 (曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合 photo polymerization光引发聚合 light initiated polymerization光敏聚合 photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合 four center polymerization电荷转移聚合 charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合 radiation initiated polymerization热聚合 thermal polymerization电解聚合 electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合 plasma polymerization易位聚合 metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合 ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合 precision polymerization环化聚合 cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合 topochemical polymerization平衡聚合 equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合 ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合 radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合 ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合 cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合 carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization假正离子聚合 pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合 pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合 living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合 anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合 carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合 living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合 anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合 anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合 anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合 allylic polymerization活［性］聚合 living polymerization两性离子聚合 zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合 Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合 coordination polymerization配位离子聚合 coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合 coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合 coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合 insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合 stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合 tactic polymerization全同立构聚合 isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合 asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合 asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合 asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合 enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合 enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合 isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合 hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合 group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合 elimination polymerization模板聚合 matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合 intercalation polymerization无催化聚合 uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合 ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合 living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合 immortal polymerization酶聚合作用 enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合 coupling polymerization序列聚合 sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚 flash polymerization氧化聚合 oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合 oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合 step growth polymerization缩聚反应 condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合 transesterification type polymerization, ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚 autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合 homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合 heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合 phase inversion polymerization本体聚合 bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合 solid phase polymerization气相聚合 gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合 adsorption polymerization溶液聚合 solution polymerization沉淀聚合 precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合 slurry polymerization悬浮聚合 suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合 reversed phase suspension polymerization珠状聚合 bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合 dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合 inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合 seeding polymerization乳液聚合 emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合 emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合 inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合 micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合 continuous polymerization半连续聚合 semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合 batch polymerization原位聚合 in situ polymerization均相缩聚 homopolycondensation活化缩聚 activated polycondensation熔融缩聚 melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚 solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚 three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合 interfacial polymerization界面缩聚 interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合 cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合 cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合 cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂 initiator引发剂活性 activity of initiator聚合催化剂 polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂 radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂 azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈 2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰 benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂 persulphate initiator复合引发体系 complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂 redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物 charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂 polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂 photoinitiator双官能引发剂 bifunctional initiator， difunctional initiator三官能引发剂 trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂 macroinitiator引发-转移剂 initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂 initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂 photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂 thermoiniferter正离子催化剂 cationic catalyst正离子引发剂 cationic initiator负离子引发剂 ionioic initiator共引发剂 coinitiator烷基锂引发剂 alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂 anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂 alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂 Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂 transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂 bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂 late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂 metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂 metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷 methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂 bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属 bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂 constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂 homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发 chain initiation热引发 thermal initiation染料敏化光引发 dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发 charge transfer initiation诱导期 induction period引发剂效率 initiator efficiency诱导分解 induced decomposition再引发 reinitiation链增长 chain growth, chain propagation增长链端 propagating chain end活性种 reactive species活性中心 active center持续自由基 persistent radical聚合最高温度 ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止 chain termination双分子终止 bimolecular termination初级自由基终止 primary radical termination扩散控制终止 diffusion controlled termination歧化终止 disproportionation termination偶合终止 coupling termination单分子终止 unimolecular termination自发终止 spontaneous termination终止剂 terminator链终止剂 chain terminating agent假终止 pseudotermination自发终止 self termination自由基捕获剂 radical scavenger旋转光闸法 rotating sector method自由基寿命 free radical lifetime凝胶效应 gel effect自动加速效应 autoacceleration effect链转移 chain transfer链转移剂 chain transfer agent尾咬转移 backbitting transfer退化链转移 degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］ addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数 chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用 retardation阻聚作用 inhibition缓聚剂 retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂 retarding agent阻聚剂 inhibitor封端［反应］ end capping端基 terminal group聚合动力学 polymerization kinetics聚合热力学 polymerization thermodynamics聚合热 heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］ copolymerization二元共聚合 binary copolymerization三元共聚合 ternary copolymerization竞聚率 reactivity ratio自由基共聚合 radical copolymerization离子共聚合 ionic copolymerization无规共聚合 random copolymerization理想共聚合 ideal copolymerization交替共聚合 alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合 azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合 graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合 block copolymerization开环共聚合 ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程 copolymerization equation共缩聚 copolycondensation逐步共聚合 step copolymerization同种增长 homopropagation自增长 self propagation交叉增长 cross propagation前末端基效应 penultimate effect交叉终止 cross terminationQ值 Q valuee值 e valueQ,e概念 Q, e scheme序列长度分布 sequence length distribution侧基反应 reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂 chain extender交联 crosslinking化学交联 chemical crosslinking自交联 self crosslinking光交联 photocrosslinking交联度 degree of crosslinking硫化 vulcanization固化 curing硫［黄］硫化 sulfur vulcanization促进硫化 accelerated sulfur vulcanization过氧化物交联 peroxide crosslinking无规交联 random crosslinking交联密度 crosslinking density交联指数 crosslinking index解聚 depolymerization①降解②退化 degradation链断裂 chain breaking解聚酶 depolymerase细菌降解 bacterial degradation生物降解 biodegradation化学降解 chemical degradation辐射降解 radiation degradation断链降解 chain scission degradation自由基链降解 free radical chain degradation无规降解 random degradation水解降解 hydrolytic degradation热降解 thermal degradation热氧化降解 thermal oxidative degradation光降解 photodegradation光氧化降解 photo oxidative degradation力化学降解 mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合 graft polymerization活化接枝 activation grafting接枝点 grafting site链支化 chain branching支化度 degree of branching接枝效率 efficiency of grafting接枝度 grafting degree辐射诱导接枝 radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合 block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子 macromolecule, polymer超高分子 supra polymer天然高分子 natural polymer无机高分子 inorganic polymer有机高分子 organic polymer无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer元素高分子 element polymer高聚物 high polymer聚合物 polymer低聚物 oligomer二聚体 dimer三聚体 trimer调聚物 telomer预聚物 prepolymer均聚物 homopolymer无规聚合物 random polymer无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer。
高分子专业英语词汇汉译英(精)
--- 均方末端距mean-aquare end-to-end distance 均方末端距- 非交联的uncross-linked 非交联的- 三维有序的three-dimensionally ordered 三维有序的- 三乙基硼氟酸羊triethyloxonium-borofluoride 三乙基硼氟酸羊 - 射线光X-ray x 射线 x 光- 缨状微束理论fringed-micelle theory 缨状微束理论- 折叠链片晶理论folded-chain lamella theory 折叠链片晶理论 - 逐步聚合step-growth polymerization 逐步聚合（表面）发粘的, 粘连性tacky （表面）发粘的 , 粘连性（空间）排布，排列arrangement （空间）排布，排列（链）引发initiation （链）引发（链）终止terminate （链）终止（链）转移，（热）传递transfer （链）转移，（热）传递（生）面团，揉好的面dough （生）面团，揉好的面 (作用于分子间的intermolecular (作用于分子间的氨基，氨基的amino 氨基，氨基的氨基甲酸酯urethane 氨基甲酸酯把…相互连接起来连接interlink 把…相互连接起来连接半晶semicrystalline 半晶半径radius 半径饱和saturation 饱和苯基锂phenyllithium 苯基锂苯基钠phenyl sodium 苯基钠变化，改变variation 变化，改变变形deformation 形变变形性，变形能力deformability 变形性，变形能力表面活性剂surfactant 表面活性剂表征成为…的特征characterize 表征成为…的特征玻璃（态）的glassy 玻璃态的玻璃化温度glass transition temperature 玻璃化温度玻璃态glassy 玻璃（态）的玻璃态的glassy state 玻璃态不饱和的unsaturated 不饱和的不规则性，不均匀的irregularity 不规则性，不均匀的不均匀的，非均匀的heterogeneous 不均匀的，非均匀的不了或缺的indispensable 不了或缺的不完全的imperfect 不完全的参数parameter 参数侧基pendant group 侧基缠结，纠缠entanglement 缠结，纠缠产率yield 产率超声波ultrasonic 超声波超速离心（分离）ultracentrifugation 超速离心（分离）撤出evacuate 撤出沉淀，澄清settle 沉淀，澄清沉降（法）sedimentation 沉降（法）衬里，贴面line 衬里，贴面成分ingredient 成分成型shaping 成型尺寸dimension 尺寸尺寸稳定性dimensional stability 尺寸稳定性稠度，粘稠度consistency 稠度，粘稠度纯度purity 纯度醇（碱金属）烯催化剂Alfin catalyst 醇（碱金属）烯催化剂催化剂，触媒catalyst 催化剂，触媒脆的，易碎的brittle 脆的，易碎的错位，位错dislocation 错位，位错大分子，高分子macromelecule 大分子，高分子单官能度的monofunctional 单官能度的单键single bond 单键单体monomer 单体单轴的uniaxial 单轴的弹性模量elastic modulus 弹性模量弹性体elastomer 弹性体弹性指数slastic parameter 弹性指数当量的，化学计算量的stoichiometric 当量的，化学计算量的导电材料conductive material 导电材料等规立构的isotactic 等规立构的丁二烯butadiene 丁二烯丁基锂butyllithium 丁基锂定向，取向orient 定向，取向定向orientation 定向动力学kinetics 动力学动力学链长kinetic chain length 动力学链长断裂rupture 断裂堆积物，沉积deposit 堆积物，沉积堆砌packing 堆砌多分散的polydisperse 多分散的多分散性polydispersity 多分散性多官能度的polyfunctional 多官能度的多孔性，孔隙率porosity 多孔性，孔隙率二（元）胺diamine 二（元）胺二（元）醇diol 二（元）醇二（元）酸diacid 二（元）酸二次成型secondary shaping operation 二次成型二聚物（体）dimer 二聚物（体）二烯烃diolefin 二烯烃二元的dibasic 二元的反应物，试剂reactent 反应物，试剂反应性，活性reactivity 反应性，活性反应性的，活性的reactive 反应性的，活性的芳香（族）的aromatic 芳香（族）的非弹性的nonelastic 非弹性的分级fractionation 分级分解，分散，分离disintegrate 分解，分散，分离分解decomposition 分解分类（法）categorization 分类（法）分散剂dispersant 分散剂分子量molecular weight distribution 分子量分布分子量分布molecular weight 分子量粉状的powdery 粉状的副作用side reaction 副作用改性modify 改性隔离基团spacer group 隔离基团各项同性的isotropic 各项同性的功能聚合物functional polymer 功能聚合物功能聚合物functionalized polymer 功能聚合物共聚（合）copolymerization 共聚（合）共聚物copolymer 共聚物构象conformation 构象固有的intrinsic 固有的官能团functional group 官能团光敏剂photosensitizer 光敏剂光气，碳酰氯phosgene 光气，碳酰氯光散射light scattering 光散射合成synthesis 合成合成synthesize 合成合成的synthetic 合成的核磁共振nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振核径迹探测器nuclear track detector 核径迹探测器红外光谱法infrared spectroscopy 红外光谱法花纹，图样式样pattern 花纹，图样式样缓释剂corrosion inhibitor 缓释剂机理mechanism 机理基体，结晶crystal 基体，结晶基体，母体，基质，矩阵matrix 基体，母体，基质，矩阵挤出extrusion 注射成型挤压squeeze 挤压加成聚合物，加聚物addition polymer 加成聚合物，加聚物加工，成型processing 加工，成型加重，恶化aggravate 加重，恶化夹杂（带）的occluded 夹杂（带）的假定的，理想的，有前提的hypothetical 假定的，理想的，有前提的间歇式的intermittent 间歇式的碱金属alkali metal 碱金属键断裂能bond dissociation energy 键断裂能降解depropagation 降解交联crosslinking 交联胶体colloid 胶体搅拌agitation 搅拌结构，组织texture 结构，组织结晶的crystalline 晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的结晶性，结晶度crystallinity 结晶性，结晶度解除，松开release 解除，松开解聚depolymerization 解聚介质中等的，中间的medium 介质中等的，中间的界限，范围boundary 界限，范围晶体，晶态，结晶的，晶态的crystalline 结晶的竞聚率reactivity ratio 竞聚率聚苯烯polypropylene 聚苯烯聚苯乙烯polystyrene 聚苯乙烯聚丁烯polybutene 聚丁烯聚合（物）的polymeric 聚合（物）的聚合度degree of polymerization 聚合度聚合物【体】，高聚物polymer 聚合物【体】，高聚物聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride 聚氯乙烯聚酰胺polyamide 聚酰胺聚乙烯polyethylene 聚乙烯聚乙烯醇polyvinyl alcohol 聚乙烯醇聚酯化（作用）polyesterification 聚酯化（作用）开链unzippering 开链开始，着手commence 开始，着手抗静电剂antistatic agent 抗静电剂抗氧剂antioxidant 抗氧剂抗张强度tensile strength 抗张强度控制释放controlled release 控制释放口模成型dieforming 口模成型扩散diffuse 扩散拉直，拉长stretch 拉直，拉长冷冻水chilled water 冷冻水离解dissociate 离解离心centrifuge 离心离子ion exchange resin 离子交换树脂离子的ionic polymerization 离子型聚合离子交换树脂ion 离子离子型聚合ionic 离子的理想的，概念的ideal 理想的，概念的力学性能，机械性能mechanical property 力学性能，机械性能立构规整性【度】srereoregularity 立构规整性【度】连锁反应chain reaction 连锁反应链段segment 链段链段segment 链段链间的interchain 链间的链终止chain termination 链终止流动性mobility 流动性流体静力学hydrostatic 流体静力学硫化vulcanization 硫化络合物complex 络合物氯（气）chlorine 氯（气）氯乙烯vinyl 乙烯基（的）密度density 密度密封seal 密封模塑成型moulding 模塑成型模型model 模型逆流countercurrent 逆流黏弹态viscoelastic 黏弹性的黏弹性的viscoelastic state 黏弹态黏度viscosity average molecular weight 黏均分子量黏均分子量viscosity 黏度黏流态viscofluid state 黏流态凝胶 gel 凝胶农药，化肥 agrochemical 排列成行 align 配方 formulation 喷洒sprinkle 喷洒片晶 platelet 片晶平衡 equilibrium 潜在的 latent 平衡潜在的嵌入，埋入，包埋氢键排列成行配方农药，化肥嵌入，埋入，包埋 imbed 强度 strength 强度氢（气）hydrogen bonding 氢键 hydrogen 缺陷 defect 缺陷氢（气）取代，代替substitution 取代，代替热成型 thermoforming 热固性的 thermoset 热解 pyrolysis 热成型热固性的热解热塑性的热传递 heat transfer 热传递热力学地thermondynamically 热力学地热塑性的 thermoplastic 溶剂 solvent 溶解 dissolution 溶解度 solubility 溶胀 swell 熔化的 molten 柔量 compliance 溶胀熔化的柔量溶剂溶解溶解度溶胀的 swollen 溶胀的柔软的 flexible 柔软的三苯甲基钾 triphenylenthyl potassium 三苯甲基钾三聚物（体）trimer 三聚物（体）三氯化铁三元的，叔（特）的三氯化铁 titanium trichloride 三元的，叔（特）的 tertiary 筛子，筛分scalp 熵 entropy 熵伸长率，延伸率 elongation 渗透性 permeability 渗透性生物（学）的 biological 生物医学的 biomedical 食盐 common salt 食盐生长链，活性链growing chain 生物（学）的生物医学的生长链，活性链伸长率，延伸率筛子，筛分使…变形，扭曲 distort 使脱氢 dehydrogenate 收缩 retract 收缩使…变形，扭曲使脱氢数均分子量使…溶解 dissolve 使…溶解数均分子量 number average molecular weight 双键 double bond 双键四氯化钛 titanium tetrachloride 四氯化钛四氢呋喃 tetrahydrofuran 塑料 plastics 塑料碎屑，碎片 fragment 羧基 carboxyl 羧基羧基酸 hydocy acid 羧基酸缩（合）聚（合）polycondensation 缩合聚合物，缩聚物condensation polymer 太阳能 solar energy 太阳能炭 char 炭特性 peculiarity 烃基hydroxyl 统计的 statistical 涂覆 coating 涂覆脱单塔 stripping tower 脱水 dewater 脱水外形，轮廓 contour 外形，轮廓烷基铝 aluminum alkyl 微晶 crystallite 稳定剂stabilizer 稳定性 stability 稳定性污物 contaminant 污物无定型的，非晶体的amorphous 无规降解 random decomposition 无规立构的 atactic 无规立构的无规线团random coil 无规线团无机聚合物 inorganic polymer 烯丙基 allyl 烯丙基烯烃的olefinic 烯烃的细分区分 subdivide 纤维 fiber 线团 coil 线团纤维细分区分微晶稳定剂烷基铝脱单塔特性烃基同时，同步统计的碎屑，碎片四氢呋喃缩（合）聚（合）缩合聚合物，缩聚物同时，同步 simultaneously 无定型的，非晶体的无规降解无机聚合物酰胺化（作用）amidation 酰胺化（作用）线团状的 coiling 线团状的相互作用相互作用 interaction 橡胶 rubber 橡胶想象，推测 imagine 想象，推测橡胶态的 rubbery 橡胶态的消除，打开，除去eliminate 形变 deformation 变形形态（学）morphology 形态（学）型柸 parison 型柸性能，行为 behavior 性能，行为性能，特征 performance 性能，特征絮凝剂flocculating agent 压延 calendering 衍射 diffraction 氧鎓羊 oxonium 药品，药物 drug 液晶 liquid crystal 液晶依数性 colligative 乙烯基醚 vinyl chloride 异丁烯 isobutylene 异氰酸酯 isocyanate 阴（负）离子的 anionic 引发剂 initiator 引发剂引力，吸引attraction 硬度 hardness 油轮，槽车 tanker 淤浆 slurry 淤浆硬度油轮，槽车引力，吸引异丁烯异氰酸酯阴（负）离子的依数性乙烯基醚氯乙烯异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属乙烯基（的）vinyl ether 压延成型压延衍射氧鎓羊药品，药物，药物的，医药的药品，药物絮凝剂旋转，回旋 gyration 旋转，回旋压延成型calendering 消除，打开，除去小球，液滴，颗粒 globule 小球，液滴，颗粒阳（正）离子的 cationic 阳（正）离子的药品，药物，药物的，医药的pharmaceutical 异丙醇金属，异丙氧化金属 isopropylate 有规立构的，立构规整性的stereoregular 有规立构的，立构规整性的运动，流动 mobilize 运动，流动杂质impurity 杂质载体 carrier 载体增进，改善 improve 增进，改善粘稠的 viscous 粘稠的照射，辐射 irradiation 真是的 real 真是的照射，辐射争论，争议 controversy 争论，争议正[阳]离子 cation 正[阳]离子正的，阳（性）的 positive 正的，阳（性）的脂肪（族）的 aliphatic 脂肪（族）的酯化（作用）esterification 酯化（作用）中性的 neutral 中性的重复单元重均分子量主链，骨干助催化剂挤出转化率转化自由基聚合种类，类型 category 种类，类型重复单元 repeating unit 主链，骨干 backbone 助催化剂 cocatalyst 注射成型 extrusion 转化 conversion 转化率conversion 转矩 torsion 转矩自由基阻燃剂最佳的，最佳值[点，状态] 最小化最小值，最小的模型活化（作用）重均分子量 weight average molecular weight 自由基radical polymerization 自由基聚合 radical 阻燃剂 flame retardant 最小化 minimise ( 模型 mo(ulding 最佳的，最佳值[点，状态]optimum 最小值，最小的 minimum 活化（作用）activation 手风琴手风琴。
史上最全——高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇大全
高分子材料与工程专业词汇大全（包含：一高分子化学二高分子反应三高分子物理四高分子加工技术和应用四大部分的全部词汇~~）一高分子化学新序码汉文名英文名注释1高分子macromolecule, polymer又称“大分子”。
2超高分子supra polymer3天然高分子natural polymer4无机高分子inorganic polymer5有机高分子organic polymer6无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8元素高分子element polymer9高聚物high polymer10聚合物Polymer11低聚物Oligomer曾用名“齐聚物”。
12二聚体Dimer13三聚体Trimer14调聚物telomer15预聚物prepolymer16均聚物homopolymer17无规聚合物random polymer18无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24规整聚合物regular polymer25非规整聚合物irregular polymer26无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer又称“等规聚合物”。
28间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer又称“间规聚合物”。
29杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer又称“异规聚合物”。
30有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称“有规聚合物”。
高分子专业术语中英文对照表
高分子专业术语中英文对照表加工processing反应性加工reactive processing等离子体加工plasma processing加工性processability熔体流动指数melt [flow] index门尼粘度Mooney index塑化plasticizing增塑作用plasticization内增塑作用internal plasticization外增塑作用external plasticization增塑溶胶plastisol增强reinforcing增容作用compatibilization相容性compatibility相溶性intermiscibility生物相容性biocompatibility血液相容性blood compatibility组织相容性tissue compatibility混炼milling, mixing素炼mastication塑炼plastication过炼dead milled橡胶配合rubber compounding共混blend捏和kneading冷轧cold rolling压延性calenderability压延calendering埋置embedding压片preforming模塑molding模压成型compression molding压缩成型compression forming冲压模塑impact moulding, shock moulding 叠模压塑stack moulding复合成型composite molding注射成型injection molding注塑压缩成型injection compression molding 射流注塑jet molding无流道冷料注塑runnerless injection molding 共注塑coinjection molding气辅注塑gas aided injection molding注塑焊接injection welding传递成型transfer molding树脂传递成型resin transfer molding铸塑cast熔铸fusion casting铸塑成型cast molding单体浇铸monomer casting挤出extrusion共挤出coextrusion多层挤塑multi-layer extrusion共挤吹塑coextrusion blow molding同轴挤塑coaxial extrusion吹胀挤塑blown extrusion挤出吹塑extrusion blow molding挤拉吹塑成型extrusion draw blow molding 反应性挤塑reactive extrusion固相挤出solid-phase extrusion发泡expanding foam后发泡post expansion物理发泡physical foam化学发泡chemical foam吹塑blow molding多层吹塑multi-layer blow molding拉伸吹塑成型stretch blow molding滚塑rotational moulding反应注射成型reaction injection molding, RIM 真空成型vacuum forming无压成型zero ressure molding真空烧结vacuum sintering真空袋成型vacuum bag molding热成型thermal forming拉伸热成型stretch thermoforming袋模塑bag molding糊塑paste molding镶铸imbedding冲压成型impact molding触压成型impression molding层压材料laminate泡沫塑料成型foam molding包模成型drape molding充气吹胀inflation橡胶胶乳rubber latex胶乳latex高分子胶体polymer colloid生橡胶raw rubber，crude rubber硬质胶ebonite再生胶reclaimed rubber充油橡胶oil-extended rubber母胶masterbatch交联crosslinking固化cure光固化photo-cure硫化vulcanization后硫化post cure，post vulcanization自硫[化] bin cure自交联self crosslinking , self curing过硫over cure返硫reversion欠硫under cure动态硫化dynamic vulcanization不均匀硫化heterogeneous vulcanization开始[硫化]效应set-up effect自动硫化self-curing, self-vulcanizing焦烧scorching无压硫化non-pressure cure模压硫化moulding curing常温硫化auto-vulcanization热硫化heat curing蒸汽硫化steam curing微波硫化micro wave curing辐射硫化radiation vulcanization辐射交联radiation crosslinking连续硫化continuous vulcanization无模硫化open vulcanization成纤fiber forming可纺性spinnability纺丝spinning干纺dry spinning湿纺wet spinning干湿法纺丝dry wet spinning干喷湿法纺丝dry jet wet spinning溶液纺丝solution spinning乳液纺丝emulsion spinning乳液闪蒸纺丝法emulsion flash spinning process 喷射纺丝jet spinning喷纺成形spray spinning液晶纺丝liquid crystal spinning熔纺melt spinning共混纺丝blended spinning凝胶纺[丝] gel spinning. 反应纺丝reaction spinning静电纺丝electrostatic spinning高压纺丝high-pressure spinning复合纺丝conjugate spinning无纺布non-woven fabrics单丝monofilament, monofil复丝multifilament全取向丝fully oriented yarn中空纤维hollow fiber皮芯纤维sheath core fiber共纺cospinning冷拉伸cold drawing, cold stretching单轴拉伸uniaxial drawing，uniaxial elongation双轴拉伸biaxial drawing多轴拉伸multiaxial drawing皮心效应skin and core effect皮层效应skin effect防缩non-shrink熟成ripening垂挂sag定型sizing起球现象pilling effect捻度twist旦denier特tex纱yarn股strand粘合adhesion反应粘合reaction bonding压敏粘合pressure sensitive adhesion底漆primer浸渍impregnation浸渍树脂solvent impregnated resin基体matrix聚合物表面活性剂polymeric surfactant高分子絮凝剂polymeric flocculant预发颗粒pre-expanded bead高分子膜polymeric membraneH-膜H-filmLB膜Langmuir Blodgett film (LB film)半透膜semipermeable membrane反渗透膜Reverse osmosis membrance多孔膜porous membrane各向异性膜anisotropic membrane正离子交换膜cation exchange membrane 负离子交换膜anionic exchange membrane 吸附树脂polymeric adsorbent添加剂additive固化剂curing agent潜固化剂latent curing agent硫化剂vulcanizing agent给硫剂sulfur donor agent, sulfur donor硫化促进剂vulcanization accelerator硫化活化剂vulcanization activator活化促进剂activating accelerator活化剂activator防焦剂scorch retarder抗硫化返原剂anti-reversion agent塑解剂peptizer偶联剂coupling agent硅烷偶联剂silane coupling agent钛酸酯偶联剂titanate coupling agent铝酸酯偶联剂aluminate coupling agent增强剂reinforcing agent增硬剂hardening agent惰性填料inert filler增塑剂plasticizer辅增塑剂coplasticizer增粘剂tackifier增容剂compatibilizer增塑增容剂plasticizer extender分散剂dispersant agent结构控制剂constitution controller色料colorant荧光增白剂optical bleaching agent抗降解剂antidegradant防老剂anti-aging agent防臭氧剂antiozonant抗龟裂剂anticracking agent抗疲劳剂anti-fatigue agent抗微生物剂biocide防蚀剂anti-corrosion agent光致抗蚀剂photoresist防霉剂antiseptic防腐剂rot resistor防潮剂moisture proof agent除臭剂re-odorant抗氧剂antioxidant热稳定剂heat stabilizer抗静电添加剂antistatic additive抗静电剂antistatic agent紫外线稳定剂ultraviolet stabilizer紫外光吸收剂ultraviolet absorber光稳定剂light stabilizer, photostabilizer光屏蔽剂light screener发泡剂foaming agent物理发泡剂physical foaming agent化学发泡剂chemical foaming agent脱模剂releasing agent内脱模剂internal releasing agent外脱模剂external releasing agent阻燃剂flame retardant防火剂fire retardant烧蚀剂ablator润滑剂lubricant湿润剂wetting agent隔离剂separant增韧剂toughening agent抗冲改性剂impact modifier消泡剂antifoaming agent减阻剂drag reducer破乳剂demulsifier粘度改进剂viscosity modifier增稠剂thickening agent, thickener阻黏剂abhesive洗脱剂eluant附聚剂agglomerating agent后处理剂after-treating agent催干剂drier防结皮剂anti-skinning agent纺织品整理剂textile finishing agent－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－高物高化类：结构单元constitutional unit重复结构单元constitutional repeating unit构型单元configurational unit立构重复单元stereorepeating unit立构规整度tacticity等规度, 全同立构[规整]度isotacticity间同度，间同立构[规整]度syndiotacticity无规度，无规立构度atacticity嵌段block规整嵌段regular block非规整嵌段irregular block立构嵌段stereoblock有规立构嵌段isotactic block无规立构嵌段atactic block单体单元monomeric unit二单元组diad三单元组triad四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointed chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregation聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝聚相condensed phase凝聚态condensed state凝聚过程condensing process临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 链间相互作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order回转半径radius of gyration末端间矢量end-to-end vector链末端chain end末端距end-to-end distance无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance伸直长度contour length相关长度persistence length主链；链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity摩尔质量平均molar mass average数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass 重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar massZ均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass 表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分散性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度average degree of polymerization质量分布函数mass distribution function数量分布函数number distribution function重量分布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布most probable distribution对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyrationθ温度theta temperatureθ态theta stateθ溶剂theta solvent良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient排除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume珠-棒模型bead-rod model球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number 特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation 折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用depolarization分级fractionation沉淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain双[股]螺旋double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝[状]晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶结构shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程结构short-range structure远程结构long-range structure成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous phase非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separation亚稳相分离spinodal decompositionbimodal decomposition微相microphase界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混容性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilization最低临界共溶(溶解)温度lower critical solution temperature, LCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain屈服yielding颈缩现象necking屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending strain弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永久变形compression set压缩变形compressive deformation. 压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学破坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break屈服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性回复elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation裂缝crack银纹craze形变；变形deformation永久变形deformation set剩余变形residual deformation剩余伸长residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilience延迟形变retarded deformation延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation热历史thermal history热收缩thermoshrinking扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor剩余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变软化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫[作用] relaxation弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity 介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature 开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle平移因子shift factorWLF公式WLF[Williams-Lendel-Ferry] equation软化温度softening temperature平衡熔点equilibrium melting point物理老化physical ageing光老化photoageing热老化thermal ageing热氧老化thermo-oxidative ageing人工老化artificial ageing加速老化accelerated ageing计算机模拟computer simulation分子动力学模拟molecular dynamics simulation蒙特卡洛模拟Monte Carlo simulation－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－聚合反应类：单体monomer官能度functionality平均官能度average functionality双官能［基］单体bifunctional monomer三官能［基］单体trifunctional monomer乙烯基单体vinyl monomer1,1-亚乙烯基单体，偏［二］取代乙烯单体vinylidene monomer1,2-亚乙烯基单体，1,2-二取代乙烯单体vinylene monomer双烯单体，二烯单体diene monomer极性单体polar monomer非极性单体non polar monomer共轭单体conjugated monomer非共轭单体non conjugated monomer活化单体activated monomer官能单体functional monomer大分子单体macromer, macromonomer环状单体cyclic monomer共聚单体comonomer聚合［反应］polymerization均聚反应homopolymerization低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名) oligomerization调聚反应telomerization自发聚合spontaneous polymerization预聚合prepolymerization后聚合post polymerization再聚合repolymerization铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization链［式］聚合chain polymerization烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization,radical polymerization控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP 可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization氧化还原聚合redox polymerization无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名) dead end polymerization光［致］聚合photo polymerization光引发聚合light initiated polymerization光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization四中心聚合four center polymerization电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization热聚合thermal polymerization电解聚合electrolytic polymerization等离子体聚合plasma polymerization易位聚合metathesis polymerization开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP精密聚合precision polymerization环化聚合cyclopolymerization拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization离子对聚合ion pair polymerization正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationic polymerization 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization活［性］聚合living polymerization两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization配位聚合coordination polymerization配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization插入聚合insertion polymerization定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization异构化聚合isomerization polymerization氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP消除聚合elimination polymerization模板聚合matrix polymerization,template polymerization插层聚合intercalation polymerization无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization开环聚合ring opening polymerization活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization不死的聚合immortal polymerization酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名) polyaddition偶联聚合coupling polymerization序列聚合sequential polymerization闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization氧化聚合oxidative polymerization氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchange polycondensation自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation均相聚合homogeneous polymerization非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization吸附聚合adsorption polymerization溶液聚合solution polymerization沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization淤浆聚合slurry polymerization悬浮聚合suspension polymerization反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization分散聚合dispersion polymerization反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization种子聚合seeding polymerization乳液聚合emulsion polymerization无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization连续聚合continuous polymerization半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization原位聚合in situ polymerization均相缩聚homopolycondensation活化缩聚activated polycondensation熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation界面聚合interfacial polymerization界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization引发剂initiator引发剂活性activity of initiator聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst自由基引发剂radical initiator偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator复合引发体系complex initiation system氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator光敏引发剂photoinitiator双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator大分子引发剂macroinitiator引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter正离子催化剂cationic catalyst正离子引发剂cationic initiator负离子引发剂ionioic initiator共引发剂coinitiator烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAOμ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst桥基茂金属bridged metallocene限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst链引发chain initiation热引发thermal initiation染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation诱导期induction period引发剂效率initiator efficiency诱导分解induced decomposition再引发reinitiation链增长chain growth, chain propagation增长链端propagating chain end活性种reactive species活性中心active center持续自由基persistent radical聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization链终止chain termination双分子终止bimolecular termination初级自由基终止primary radical termination扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination歧化终止disproportionation termination偶合终止coupling termination单分子终止unimolecular termination自发终止spontaneous termination终止剂terminator链终止剂chain terminating agent假终止pseudotermination自发终止self termination自由基捕获剂radical scavenger旋转光闸法rotating sector method自由基寿命free radical lifetime凝胶效应gel effect自动加速效应autoacceleration effect链转移chain transfer链转移剂chain transfer agent尾咬转移backbitting transfer退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用②延迟作用retardation阻聚作用inhibition缓聚剂retarder缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent阻聚剂inhibitor封端［反应］end capping端基terminal group聚合动力学polymerization kinetics聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics聚合热heat of polymerization共聚合［反应］copolymerization二元共聚合binary copolymerization三元共聚合ternary copolymerization竞聚率reactivity ratio自由基共聚合radical copolymerization离子共聚合ionic copolymerization无规共聚合random copolymerization理想共聚合ideal copolymerization交替共聚合alternating copolymerization恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization嵌段共聚合block copolymerization开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization共聚合方程copolymerization equation共缩聚copolycondensation逐步共聚合step copolymerization同种增长homopropagation自增长self propagation交叉增长cross propagation前末端基效应penultimate effect交叉终止cross terminationQ值Q valuee值e valueQ,e概念Q, e scheme序列长度分布sequence length distribution侧基反应reaction of pendant group扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender交联crosslinking化学交联chemical crosslinking自交联self crosslinking光交联photocrosslinking交联度degree of crosslinking硫化vulcanization固化curing硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking无规交联random crosslinking交联密度crosslinking density交联指数crosslinking index解聚depolymerization①降解②退化degradation链断裂chain breaking解聚酶depolymerase细菌降解bacterial degradation生物降解biodegradation化学降解chemical degradation辐射降解radiation degradation断链降解chain scission degradation自由基链降解free radical chain degradation无规降解random degradation水解降解hydrolytic degradation热降解thermal degradation热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation光降解photodegradation光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation力化学降解mechanochemical degradation接枝聚合graft polymerization活化接枝activation grafting接枝点grafting site链支化chain branching支化度degree of branching接枝效率efficiency of grafting接枝度grafting degree辐射诱导接枝radiation induced grafting嵌段聚合block polymerization－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－通用类：高分子macromolecule, polymer超高分子supra polymer天然高分子natural polymer无机高分子inorganic polymer有机高分子organic polymer无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer元素高分子element polymer高聚物high polymer聚合物polymer低聚物oligomer二聚体dimer三聚体trimer调聚物telomer预聚物prepolymer均聚物homopolymer无规聚合物random polymer无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer规整聚合物regular polymer非规整聚合物irregular polymer无规立构聚合物atactic polymer全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 苏型双全同立构聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer苏型双间同立构聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer 赤型双全同立构聚合物erythro-diisotactic polymer赤型双间同立构聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer 全同间同等量聚合物equitactic polymer共聚物copolymer二元共聚物binary copolymer三元共聚物terpolymer多元聚合物multipolymer序列共聚物sequential copolymer多层共聚物multilayer copolymer多相聚合物multiphase polymer统计[结构]共聚物statistical copolymer无规共聚物random copolymer。
高分子专业英语词汇
1 高分子macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子supra polymer3 天然高分子natural polymer4 无机高分子inorganic polymer5 有机高分子organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物organometallic polymer8 元素高分子element polymer9 高聚物high polymer10 聚合物polymer11 低聚物oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体dimer13 三聚体trimer14 调聚物telomer15 预聚物prepolymer16 均聚物homopolymer17 无规聚合物random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物regular polymer25 非规整聚合物irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
30 有规立构聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又称"有规聚合物"。
高分子英语专业名词翻译
05.高分子化学coiling type polymer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerization21低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名)oligomerization22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名)polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization116气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC电荷转移复合物，155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constantretardation①缓聚作用221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation279 断链降解chain scission degradation280 自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 281 无规降解random degradation282 水解降解hydrolytic degradation283 热降解thermal degradation284 热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 285 光降解photodegradation286 光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation四单元组tetrad五单元组pentad无规线团random coil自由连接链freely-jointed chain自由旋转链freely-rotating chain蠕虫状链worm-like chain柔性链flexible chain链柔性chain flexibility刚性链rigid chain棒状链rodlike chain链刚性chain rigidity聚集aggregation聚集体aggregate凝聚、聚集coalescence链缠结chain entanglement凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement物理缠结physical entanglement拓扑缠结topological entanglement凝聚相condensed phase凝聚态condensed state凝聚过程condensing process临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition受限链confined chain受限态confined state物理交联physical crosslinking统计线团statistical coil等效链equivalent chain统计链段statistical segment链段chain segment链构象chain conformation无规线团模型random coil model无规行走模型random walk model自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model卷曲构象coiled conformation高斯链Gaussian chain无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension扰动尺寸perturbed dimension热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 链间相互作用interchain interaction链间距interchain spacing长程有序long range order近程有序short range order回转半径radius of gyration末端间矢量end-to-end vector链末端chain end末端距end-to-end distance无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 伸直长度contour length相关长度persistence length主链；链骨架chain backbone支链branch chain链支化chain branching短支链short-chain branch长支链long-chain branch支化系数branching index支化密度branching density31支化度degree of branching交联度degree of crosslinking网络network网络密度network density溶胀swelling平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly自组装self assembly微凝胶microgel凝胶点gel point可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar massZ均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass表观分子量apparent molecular weight聚合度degree of polymerization动力学链长kinetic chain length单分散性monodispersity临界分子量critical molecular weight分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD32多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID平均聚合度average degree of polymerization质量分布函数mass distribution function数量分布函数number distribution function重量分布函数weight distribution function舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”聚合物溶液polymer solution聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent均方末端距mean square end to end distance均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyrationθ温度theta temperatureθ态theta stateθ溶剂theta solvent良溶剂good solvent不良溶剂poor solvent位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”排除体积excluded volume溶胀因子expansion factor溶胀度degree of swelling弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory哈金斯公式Huggins equation哈金斯系数Huggins coefficientχ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter溶度参数solubility parameter摩擦系数frictional coefficient流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume33珠-棒模型bead-rod model球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence动态光散射dynamic light scattering小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium沉降系数sedimentation coefficient沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method相对黏度relative viscosity相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment黏度比viscosity ratio黏数viscosity number[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer落球黏度计ball viscometer落球黏度ball viscosity本体黏度bulk viscosity比浓黏度reduced viscosity比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 黏度函数viscosity function零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity端基分析analysis of end group蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation折光指数增量refractive index increment瑞利比Rayleigh ratio超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio34粒子散射函数particle scattering function粒子散射因子particle scattering factor齐姆图Zimm plot散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering解偏振作用depolarization分级fractionation沉淀分级precipitation fractionation萃取分级extraction fractionation色谱分级chromatographic fractionation柱分级column fractionation洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation热分级thermal fractionation凝胶色谱法gel chromatography摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit洗脱体积elution volume普适标定universal calibration加宽函数spreading function链轴chain axis等同周期identity period链重复距离chain repeating distance晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period构象重复单元conformational repeating unit几何等效geometrical equivalence螺旋链helix chain构型无序configurational disorder链取向无序chain orientational disorder构象无序conformational disorder锯齿链zigzag chain35双[股]螺旋double stranded helix[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation结晶聚合物crystalline polymer半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer高分子晶体polymer crystal高分子微晶polymer crystallite结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism聚合物形态学morphology of polymer片晶lamella, lamellar crystal轴晶axialite树枝[状]晶体dendrite纤维晶fibrous crystal串晶结构shish-kebab structure球晶spherulite折叠链folded chain链折叠chain folding折叠表面fold surface折叠面fold plane折叠微区fold domain相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model接线板模型switchboard model缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal球状链晶体globular-chain crystal长周期long period近程结构short-range structure远程结构long-range structure36成核作用nucleation分子成核作用molecular nucleation阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation主结晶primary crystallization后期结晶secondary crystallization外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长织构texture液晶态liquid crystal state溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal近晶中介相smectic mesophase近晶相smectic phase条带织构banded texture环带球晶ringed spherulite向列相nematic phase盘状相discotic phase解取向disorientation分聚segregation非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”非晶区amorphous region非晶态amorphous state非晶取向amorphous orientation链段运动segmental motion亚稳态metastable state相分离phase separation亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition37bimodal decomposition微相microphase界面相boundary phase相容性compatibility混容性miscibility不相容性incompatibility不混容性immiscibility增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST 最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度浓度猝灭concentration quenching激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy单轴取向uniaxial orientation双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation取向度degree of orientation橡胶态rubber state玻璃态glassy state高弹态elastomeric state黏流态viscous flow state伸长elongation高弹形变high elastic deformation回缩性，弹性复原nerviness拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio泊松比Poisson's ratio杨氏模量Young's modulus本体模量bulk modulus38剪切模量shear modulus法向应力normal stress剪切应力shear stress剪切应变shear strain屈服yielding颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”屈服应力yield stress屈服应变yield strain脆性断裂brittle fracture脆性开裂brittle cracking脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature延性破裂ductile fracture冲击强度impact strength拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength弯曲模量bending modulus弯曲应变bending strain弯曲应力bending stress收缩开裂shrinkage crack剪切强度shear strength剥离强度peeling strength疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance挠曲deflection压缩强度compressive strength压缩永久变形compression set压缩变形compressive deformation39压痕硬度indentation hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness布氏硬度Brinell hardness抗刮性scrath resistance断裂力学fracture mechanics力学破坏mechanical failure应力强度因子stress intensity factor断裂伸长elongation at break屈服强度yield strength断裂韧性fracture toughness弹性形变elastic deformation弹性滞后elastic hysteresis弹性elasticity弹性模量modulus of elasticity弹性回复elastic recovery不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”银纹craze形变；变形deformation永久变形deformation set剩余变形residual deformation剩余伸长residual stretch回弹，回弹性resilience延迟形变retarded deformation延迟弹性retarded elasticity可逆形变reversible deformation应力开裂stress cracking应力-应变曲线stress strain curve拉伸应变stretching strain拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation40热历史thermal history热收缩thermoshrinking扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA应力致白stress whitening应变能strain energy应变张量strain tensor剩余应力residual stress应变硬化strain hardening应变软化strain softening电流变液electrorheological fluid假塑性pseudoplastic拉胀性auxiticity牛顿流体Newtonian fluid非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid冷流cold flow牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity剪切黏度shear viscosity表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity剪切变稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy塑性形变plastic deformation塑性流动plastic flow体积弛豫volume relaxation拉伸黏度extensional viscosity黏弹性viscoelasticity线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity蠕变creep弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”41弛豫模量relaxation modulus蠕变柔量creep compliance热畸变温度heat distortion temperature弛豫谱relaxation spectrum推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum弛豫时间relaxation time推迟时间retardation time动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve动态转变dynamic transition储能模量storage modulus损耗模量loss modulus复数模量complex modulus复数柔量complex compliance动态黏度dynamic viscosity复数黏度complex viscosity复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time玻璃化转变glass transition玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature次级弛豫secondary relaxation次级转变secondary transition次级弛豫温度secondary relaxation temperature开尔文模型Kelvin model麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model时-温叠加原理time-temperature superposition principle玻耳兹曼叠加原理Boltzmann superposition principle424348。
高分子专业英语词汇必备250个单词
高分子专业英语词汇必备250个1 高分子 macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子 supra polymer3 天然高分子 natural polymer4 无机高分子 inorganic polymer5 有机高分子 organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer8 元素高分子 element polymer9 高聚物 high polymer10 聚合物 polymer11 低聚物 oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体 dimer13 三聚体 trimer14 调聚物 telomer15 预聚物 prepolymer16 均聚物 homopolymer17 无规聚合物 random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer 419 头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物 cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物 regular polymer25 非规整聚合物 irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物 atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物 isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物 syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物 heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
高分子专业英语
高分子专业英语词汇英汉对照关键词：英语高分子词汇英汉对照序号中文英文1 高分子 macromolecule, polymer 又称"大分子"。
2 超高分子 supra polymer3 天然高分子 natural polymer4 无机高分子 inorganic polymer5 有机高分子 organic polymer6 无机-有机高分子 inorganic organic polymer7 金属有机聚合物 organometallic polymer8 元素高分子 element polymer9 高聚物 high polymer10 聚合物 polymer11 低聚物 oligomer 曾用名"齐聚物"。
12 二聚体 dimer13 三聚体 trimer14 调聚物 telomer15 预聚物 prepolymer16 均聚物 homopolymer17 无规聚合物 random polymer18 无规卷曲聚合物 random coiling polymer19 头-头聚合物 head-to-head polymer20 头-尾聚合物 head-to-tail polymer21 尾-尾聚合物 tail-to-tail polymer22 反式有规聚合物 transtactic polymer23 顺式有规聚合物 cistactic polymer24 规整聚合物 regular polymer25 非规整聚合物 irregular polymer26 无规立构聚合物 atactic polymer27 全同立构聚合物 isotactic polymer 又称"等规聚合物"。
28 间同立构聚合物 syndiotactic polymer 又称"间规聚合物"。
29 杂同立构聚合物 heterotactic polymer 又称"异规聚合物"。
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇
brush polymercoiling type polymer电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物热引发转移终止剂封端［反应］e value17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure 207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model 216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal 217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal 218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal 219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal 220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure 222远程结构long-range structure 223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation 225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization 227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST 260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature。
专业英语 高分子专业术语
C
H
C
H
C
H
C
H
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C
H
Repeating Unit
重复单元——化学组成和结构可重复的最小单位
重复单元也称链节(chain unit) 重复单元的数量 或链节数n又称聚合度(degree of polymerization)
H H C H
H
H
单体
C H
C H
C
n
重复单元
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Homopolymer 均聚物——由同一种单体聚合而成
名称 聚乙烯 聚丙烯 聚异丁烯 聚苯乙烯 聚氯乙烯 聚二氯乙烯 聚氟乙烯 聚四氟乙烯 聚丙烯腈
Name
缩写符号
polyethylene PE polypropene PP polyisobutylene PIB polystyrene PS poly(vinyl chloride) PVC poly(vinyl dichloride) PVDC poly(vinyl fluoride) PVF poly(tetrafluroethylene) PTFE poly(acrylonitrile) PAN
Graft polymer A A A A A AA A B B B B B B
聚合物的命名(Nomenclature of Polymers) 不像无机或有机小分子有一套以其化学结构 为基础的系统命名方法；目前多种命名方法并存: a) 基于其组成来源的命名方法(Source-based)； b) 基于结构的命名方法(Structure-based)； c) 商品名及一些约定俗成的命名方法(Trade name) 其命名很难看出结构特点，但较为简单，目前仍 广为流传
（完整版）高分子材料专业英语词汇汇总
冷轧 cold rolling 压延性 calenderability 压延 calendering 埋置 embedding 压片 preforming
模塑 molding 模压成型 compression molding 压缩成型 compression forming 冲压模塑 impact moulding， shock moulding 叠模压塑 stack moulding 复合成型 composite molding 注射成型 injec on molding 注塑压缩成型 injec on compression molding 射流注塑 jet molding 无流道冷料注塑 runnerless injec on molding 共注塑 coinjec on molding
惰性填料 inert filler 增塑剂 plas cizer 辅增塑剂 coplas cizer 增粘剂 tackifier 增容剂 compa bilizer
增塑增容剂 plas cizer extender 分散剂 dispersant agent 结构控制剂 cons tu on controller 色料 colorant 荧光增白剂 op cal bleaching agent 抗降解剂 an degradant 防老剂 an -aging agent 防臭氧剂 an ozonant 抗龟裂剂 an cracking agent 抗疲劳剂 an -fa gue agent 抗微生物剂 biocide
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇
coiling type polymer30 双烯［类］聚合 diene polymerization 31加［成］聚［合］ addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合 (曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization ，CRP 34 活性自由基聚合 living radical polymerization35原子转移自由基聚合 atom transfer radical polymerization ，ATRP 36反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization ， RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer ，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合 nitroxide mediated polymerization 39 稳定自由基聚合 stable free radical polymerization ，FRP 40 自由基异构化聚合 free radical isomerization polymerization 41 自由基开环聚合 radical ring opening polymerization 42氧化还原聚合 redox polymerization 43无活性端聚合，死端聚合 (曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合 photo polymerization45 光引发聚合 light initiated polymerization 46 光敏聚合 photosensitized polymerization 47 四中心聚合 four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合 charge transfer polymerization 49 辐射引发聚合 radiation initiated polymerization 50 热聚合 thermal polymerization51 电解聚合 electrolytic polymerization 52 等离子体聚合 plasma polymerization 53 易位聚合 metathesis polymerization54开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization ，ROMP 55 精密聚合 precision polymerization 56环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合 topochemical polymerization58平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization 59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60辐射离子聚合 radiation ion polymerization 61离子对聚合 ion pair polymerization 62正离子聚合， 阳离子聚合 cationic polymerization63碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polympolymerization64假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerizat65假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polym66 活性正离子聚合 living cationic polymerizatio 67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合 anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合 carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合 living anionic polymerization70负离子环化聚合 anionic cyclopolymerization71负离子电化学聚合 anionic electrochemical poly72 负离子异构化聚合 anionic isomerization polym 73 烯丙基聚合 allylic polymerization 74活［性］聚合 living polymerization 75 两性离子聚合 zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合 Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合 coordinated ionic polymeriz79 配位负离子聚合 coordinated anionic polymer80配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polyme 81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization,stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合 tactic polymerization 84 全同立构聚合 isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合 asymmetric induction polymerization 86 不对称选择性聚合 asymmetric selective polymerization 87 不对称立体选择性聚合 asymmetric stereoselective polymerization 88 对映［体］不对称聚合 enantioasymmetric polymerization 89 对映［体］对称聚合 enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合 isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合 hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合 group transfer polymerization ，GTP 93 消除聚合 elimination polymerization 94 模板聚合 matrix polymerization,template polymerization 95 插层聚合 intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合 uncatalyzed polymerization 97 开环聚合 ring opening polymerization 98 活性开环聚合 living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合 immortal polymerization 100酶聚合作用 enzymatic polymerization 101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合 (曾用名)polyaddition102 偶联聚合 coupling polymerization 103 序列聚合sequential polymerization 104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚 flash polymerization105 氧化聚合 oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合 oxidative coupling polymerization 107逐步［增长］聚合 step growth polymerization 108缩聚反应condensation polymerization ， polycondensation109酯交换型聚合 transesterification type polyester exchange polycondensa110 自催化缩聚 autocatalytic polycondensati111均相聚合homogeneous polymerizatio112 非均相聚合 heterogeneous polymerizatio113 相转化聚合 phase inversion polymerizat114 本体聚合 bulk polymerization, mass p 115 固相聚合 solid phase polymerization 116气相聚合gaseous polymerization, gas phase polymerization 117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization 118 溶液聚合 solution polymerization119沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization 120 淤浆聚合 slurry polymerization 121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合 reversed phase suspension p123 珠状聚合 bead polymerization, pearl p 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合 inverse dispersion polymeriz 126 种子聚合 seeding polymerization 127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128无乳化剂乳液聚合 emulsifier free emulsion poly129 反相乳液聚合 inverse emulsion polymeriza130 微乳液聚合 micro emulsion polymerizat 131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132半连续聚合 semicontinuous polymerizat 133 分批聚合，间歇聚合 batch polymerization 134 原位聚合 in situ polymerization 135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚 activated polycondensation 137 熔融缩聚 melt phase polycondensation 138 固相缩聚 solid phase polycondensation 139 体型缩聚 three dimensional polycondensation 140 界面聚合 interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚 interfacial polycondensation 142 环加成聚合 cycloaddition polymerization 143 环烯聚合 cycloalkene polymerization 144 环硅氧烷聚合 cyclosiloxane polymerization 145 引发剂 initiator146 引发剂活性 activity of initiator 147 聚合催化剂 polymerization catalyst 148 自由基引发剂 radical initiator 149 偶氮［类］引发剂 azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈 2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰 benzoyl peroxide, BPO 152 过硫酸盐引发剂 persulphate initiator 153 复合引发体系 complex initiation system154氧化还原引发剂 redox initiator155电荷转移复合物，电荷转移络合物charge transfer complex, CTC 156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂 polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂 photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂 bifunctional initiator ， difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂 trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂 macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂 initiator transfer agent, inifer 162 引发-转移-终止剂 initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂 thermoiniferter 165 正离子催化剂 cationic catalyst 166正离子引发剂cationic initiator 167 负离子引发剂 ionioic initiator 168共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂 alkyllithium initiator 170 负离子自由基引发剂 anion radical initiator 171 烯醇钠引发剂 alfin initiator 172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂 Ziegler Natta catalyst 173 过渡金属催化剂 transition metal catalyst 174 双组分催化剂 bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂 late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂 metal complex catalyst 177［二］茂金属催化剂 metallocene catalyst 178 甲基铝氧烷 methylaluminoxane, MAO179 μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂 bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides ca 180 双金属催化剂 bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属 bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂 constrained geometry metall183均相茂金属催化剂 homogeneous metallocene ca 184链引发 chain initiation 185 热引发thermal initiation186染料敏化光引发 dye sensitized phtoinitiation 187 电荷转移引发 charge transfer initiation 188 诱导期induction period 189引发剂效率 initiator efficiency 190诱导分解induced decomposition 191 再引发 reinitiation192链增长chain growth, chain propaga193 增长链端 propagating chain end 194 活性种 reactive species 195 活性中心 active center196 持续自由基 persistent radical197 聚合最高温度 ceilling temperature of polymerization198 链终止 chain termination 199 双分子终止 bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止 primary radical termination 201 扩散控制终止 diffusion controlled termination 202 歧化终止 disproportionation termination203 偶合终止 coupling termination 204 单分子终止 unimolecular termination 205 自发终止 spontaneous termination 206 终止剂 terminator207 链终止剂 chain terminating agent 208 假终止 pseudotermination 209 自发终止 self termination 210 自由基捕获剂 radical scavenger 211 旋转光闸法 rotating sector method 212 自由基寿命 free radical lifetime 213 凝胶效应 gel effect214 自动加速效应 autoacceleration effect 215 链转移 chain transfer 216 链转移剂 chain transfer agent 217 尾咬转移 backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］ addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数 chain transfer constant 221①缓聚作用retardation②延迟作用 222 阻聚作用 inhibition 223 缓聚剂retarder 224缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent 225 阻聚剂 inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping 227端基terminal group 228 聚合动力学 polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学 polymerization thermodyna 230 聚合热heat of polymerization 231 共聚合［反应］ copolymerization 232 二元共聚合 binary copolymerization 233 三元共聚合 ternary copolymerization 234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合 radical copolymerization 236 离子共聚合 ionic copolymerization 237 无规共聚合 random copolymerization 238 理想共聚合 ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合 alternating copolymerization240 恒［组］分共聚合 azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合 graft copolymerization 242 嵌段共聚合 block copolymerization243 开环共聚合 ring opening copolymerizati 244 共聚合方程 copolymerization equation 245共缩聚copolycondensation 246 逐步共聚合 step copolymerization 247 同种增长 homopropagation 248 自增长 self propagation 249交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布256 侧基反应257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation11 非规整嵌段 irregular block 12 立构嵌段 stereoblock 13 有规立构嵌段 isotactic block 14 无规立构嵌段 atactic block 15 单体单元 monomeric unit 16 二单元组 diad 17 三单元组 triad 18 四单元组 tetrad19 五单元组 pentad 20 无规线团 random coil 21 自由连接链 freely-jointed chain 22 自由旋转链 freely-rotating chain 23 蠕虫状链 worm-like chain 24 柔性链 flexible chain 25 链柔性 chain flexibility26 刚性链 rigid chain 27 棒状链 rodlike chain 28 链刚性 chain rigidity 29 聚集 aggregation 30 聚集体 aggregate 31 凝聚、聚集 coalescence 32 链缠结 chain entanglement 33 凝聚缠结 cohesional entanglement34 物理缠结 physical entanglement 35 拓扑缠结 topological entanglement 36 凝聚相 condensed phase37 凝聚态 condensed state 38 凝聚过程 condensing process39 临界聚集浓度 critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41 受限链 confined chain 42 受限态 confined state 43 物理交联 physical crosslinking 44 统计线团 statistical coil 45 等效链 equivalent chain 46 统计链段 statistical segment 47 链段 chain segment 48 链构象chain conformation 49 无规线团模型 random coil model 50 无规行走模型 random walk model 51 自避随机行走模型 self avoiding walk model 52 卷曲构象 coiled conformation 53 高斯链 Gaussian chain54 无扰尺寸 unperturbed dimension 55 扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56 热力学等效球 thermodynamically equivalent57 近程分子内相互作用 short-range intramolecular inte58 远程分子内相互作用 long-range intramolecular inter 59 链间相互作用 interchain interaction 60 链间距 interchain spacing 61 长程有序 long range order 62 近程有序 short range order 63 回转半径radius of gyration 64 末端间矢量 end-to-end vector 65 链末端 chain end66 末端距end-to-end distance67 无扰末端距 unperturbed end-to-end distanc68均方根末端距 root-mean-square end-to-end d 69 伸直长度 contour length 70相关长度persistence length71 主链；链骨架 chain backbone 72 支链 branch chain73 链支化 chain branching 74 短支链 short-chain branch75 长支链 long-chain branch 76 支化系数 branching index 77 支化密度 branching density 78 支化度 degree of branching 79 交联度 degree of crosslinking 80 网络 network 81 网络密度 network density 82 溶胀 swelling83 平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling 84 分子组装，分子组合 molecular assembly 85 自组装 self assembly 86 微凝胶 microgel 87 凝胶点 gel point 88 可逆[性]凝胶 reversible gel 89 溶胶-凝胶转化 sol-gel transformation90 临界胶束浓度 critical micelle concentration ，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositional heterogenity92 摩尔质量平均 molar mass average又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight, number-average molar mass94 重均分子量weight-average molecular weight, weight-average molar mass95 Z 均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight, Z-molar mass96 黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight ，viscosity-average molar mass97 表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98 表观分子量 apparent molecular weight 99聚合度degree of polymerization 100 动力学链长 kinetic chain length 101 单分散性monodispersity102 临界分子量 critical molecular weight103 分子量分布 molecular weight distribution ，104 多分散性指数 polydispersity index ，PID105 平均聚合度 average degree of polymerizatio 106 质量分布函数 mass distribution function107 数量分布函数 number distribution function 108 重量分布函数 weight distribution function 109 舒尔茨-齐姆分布 Schulz-Zimm distribution 110 最概然分布 most probable distribution111 对数正态分布 logarithmic normal distribution 112 聚合物溶液 polymer solution113 聚合物-溶剂相互作用 polymer-solvent interaction114 溶剂热力学性质 thermodynamic quality of solve115 均方末端距 mean square end to end distanc116 均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration 117 θ温度 theta temperature 118 θ态 theta state 119 θ溶剂 theta solvent120 良溶剂good solvent121 不良溶剂poor solvent 122 位力系数Virial coefficient 123 排除体积excluded volume 124 溶胀因子 expansion factor 125 溶胀度degree of swelling 126 弗洛里-哈金斯理论 Flory-Huggins theory 127 哈金斯公式 Huggins equation128 哈金斯系数 Huggins coefficient 129 χ(相互作用)参数 χ-parameter 130 溶度参数 solubility parameter 131 摩擦系数 frictional coefficient132 流体力学等效球 hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133 流体力学体积 hydrodynamic volume 134 珠-棒模型 bead-rod model 135 球-簧链模型 ball-spring [chain] model136 流动双折射 flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137 动态光散射 dynamic light scattering138 小角激光光散射 low angle laser light scattering 139 沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium 140 沉降系数 sedimentation coefficient141 沉降速度法 sedimentation velocity method 142 沉降平衡法 sedimentation equilibrium method143 相对黏度 relative viscosity144 相对黏度增量 relative viscosity increment145 黏度比 viscosity ratio 146 黏数viscosity number147 [乌氏]稀释黏度计 [Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer 148 毛细管黏度计 capillary viscometer 149 落球黏度计 ball viscometer 150 落球黏度 ball viscosity 151 本体黏度 bulk viscosity 152 比浓黏度 reduced viscosity153 比浓对数黏度 inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscosity number154 特性黏数 intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155 黏度函数 viscosity function 156 零切变速率黏度 zero shear viscosity 157 端基分析analysis of end group158 蒸气压渗透法 vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159 辐射的相干弹性散射 coherent elastic scattering of ra 160 折光指数增量 refractive index increment 161 瑞利比Rayleigh ratio 162 超瑞利比 excess Rayleigh ratio 163 粒子散射函数 particle scattering function 164 粒子散射因子 particle scattering factor 165 齐姆图Zimm plot166 散射的非对称性 dissymmetry of scattering 167 解偏振作用 depolarization 168 分级 fractionation169 沉淀分级 precipitation fractionation 170 萃取分级extraction fractionation171 色谱分级 chromatographic fractionation 172 柱分级 column fractionation 173 洗脱分级，淋洗分级 elution fractionation 174 热分级thermal fractionation 175 凝胶色谱法 gel chromatography 176 摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177 溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法 solvent gradient [elution] chrom178 分子量排除极限 molecular weight exclusion limi 179 洗脱体积 elution volume 180 普适标定 universal calibration 181 加宽函数 spreading function 182 链轴chain axis 183 等同周期identity period184 链重复距离 chain repeating distance 185 晶体折叠周期 crystalline fold period 186 构象重复单元 conformational repeating unit 187 几何等效geometrical equivalence188 螺旋链 helix chain189 构型无序 configurational disorder 190 链取向无序 chain orientational disorder 191 构象无序 conformational disorder 192 锯齿链 zigzag chain 193 双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194 [分子]链大尺度取向 global chain orientation 195 结晶聚合物 crystalline polymer 196 半结晶聚合物 semi-crystalline polymer 197 高分子晶体 polymer crystal198 高分子微晶 polymer crystallite199 结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity200 高分子[异质]同晶现象 macromolecular isomorphism 201 聚合物形态学 morphology of polymer 202 片晶 lamella, lamellar crystal 203 轴晶 axialite 204 树枝[状]晶体 dendrite 205 纤维晶 fibrous crystal 206 串晶结构 shish-kebab structure 207 球晶 spherulite 208 折叠链 folded chain 209 链折叠 chain folding 210 折叠表面 fold surface 211 折叠面 fold plane 212 折叠微区 fold domain213 相邻再入模型 adjacent re-entry model 214 接线板模型 switchboard model 215 缨状微束模型 fringed-micelle model 216 折叠链晶体 folded-chain crystal 217 平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218 伸展链晶体 extended-chain crystal 219 球状链晶体 globular-chain crystal 220 长周期 long period221 近程结构 short-range structure 222 远程结构 long-range structure 223 成核作用nucleation224 分子成核作用 molecular nucleation 225 阿夫拉米方程 Avrami equation 226 主结晶 primary crystallization 227 后期结晶secondary crystallization 228 外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization 229 外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长epitaxial growth230 织构 texture231 液晶态 liquid crystal state 232 溶致性液晶 lyotopic liquid crystal 233 热致性液晶 thermotropic liquid crystal 234 热致性介晶 thermotropic mesomorphism 235 近晶相液晶 smectic liquid crystal 236 近晶中介相 smectic mesophase 237 近晶相 smectic phase 238 条带织构 banded texture 239 环带球晶 ringed spherulite 240 向列相 nematic phase 241 盘状相 discotic phase 242 解取向 disorientation 243 分聚 segregation 244 非晶相 amorphous phase 245 非晶区 amorphous region 246 非晶态 amorphous state 247 非晶取向amorphous orientation248 链段运动 segmental motion 249 亚稳态 metastable state 250 相分离 phase separation 251 亚稳相分离 spinodal decomposition 252 bimodal decomposition 253 微相 microphase 254 界面相 boundary phase 255 相容性 compatibility 256 混容性 miscibility 257 不相容性 incompatibility 258 不混容性 immiscibility 259 增容作用compatiibilization260 最低临界共溶(溶解)温度 lower critical solution temperature, LCST 261 最高临界共溶(溶解)温度 upper critical solution temperature , UCST 262 浓度猝灭 concentration quenching 263 激基缔合物荧光 excimer fluorescence 264 激基复合物荧光 exciplex fluorescence265 激光共聚焦荧光显微镜 laser confocal fluorescence microscopy266 单轴取向 uniaxial orientation267 双轴取向 biaxial orientation, biorientation 268 取向度 degree of orientation 269 橡胶态 rubber state 270 玻璃态 glassy state 271 高弹态 elastomeric state 272 黏流态 viscous flow state 273 伸长 elongation274 高弹形变high elastic deformation 275 回缩性，弹性复原 nerviness276 拉伸比 draw ratio, extension ratio 277 泊松比Poisson's ratio278 杨氏模量 Young's modulus 279 本体模量 bulk modulus 280 剪切模量 shear modulus 281 法向应力 normal stress 282 剪切应力 shear stress 283 剪切应变 shear strain 284 屈服 yielding 285 颈缩现象 necking 286 屈服应力 yield stress 287 屈服应变 yield strain 288 脆性断裂 brittle fracture 289 脆性开裂brittle cracking 290 脆-韧转变 brittle ductile transition291 脆化温度 brittleness(brittle) temperature 292 延性破裂 ductile fracture 293 冲击强度 impact strength 294 拉伸强度tensile strength295 极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength 296 抗撕强度tearing strength297 弯曲强度 flexural strength, bending stren 298 弯曲模量 bending modulus 299 弯曲应变 bending strain 300 弯曲应力 bending stress 301 收缩开裂 shrinkage crack 302 剪切强度 shear strength 303 剥离强度 peeling strength304 疲劳强度 fatigue strength, fatigue resista 305 挠曲 deflection306 压缩强度compressive strength 307 压缩永久变形compression set308 压缩变形 compressive deformation 309 压痕硬度 indentation hardness 310 洛氏硬度 Rockwell hardness 311 布氏硬度 Brinell hardness 312 抗刮性 scrath resistance 313 断裂力学 fracture mechanics 314 力学破坏 mechanical failure 315 应力强度因子 stress intensity factor 316 断裂伸长 elongation at break 317 屈服强度 yield strength 318 断裂韧性 fracture toughness 319 弹性形变 elastic deformation 320 弹性滞后 elastic hysteresis 321 弹性 elasticity322 弹性模量 modulus of elasticity 323 弹性回复 elastic recovery324 不可回复形变 irrecoverable deformation325 裂缝 crack 俗称“龟裂” 326 银纹 craze327 形变；变形 deformation 328 永久变形 deformation set 329 剩余变形 residual deformation 330 剩余伸长 residual stretch 331 回弹，回弹性 resilience332 延迟形变 retarded deformation 333 延迟弹性 retarded elasticity 334 可逆形变 reversible deformation335 应力开裂 stress cracking 336 应力-应变曲线 stress strain curve 337 拉伸应变stretching strain338 拉伸应力弛豫 tensile stress relaxation 339 热历史 thermal history 340 热收缩 thermoshrinking341 扭辫分析 torsional braid analysis ，TBA 342 应力致白 stress whitening 343 应变能 strain energy 344 应变张量 strain tensor 345 剩余应力 residual stress 346 应变硬化 strain hardening 347 应变软化 strain softening 348 电流变液 electrorheological fluid 349 假塑性 pseudoplastic 350 拉胀性 auxiticity 351 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 352 非牛顿流体 non-Newtonian fluid 353 宾汉姆流体 Bingham fluid 354 冷流cold flow355 牛顿剪切黏度 Newtonian shear viscosity 356 剪切黏度shear viscosity357 表观剪切黏度 apparent shear viscosity 358 剪切变稀 shear thinning 359 触变性 thixotropy360 塑性形变 plastic deformation 361 塑性流动 plastic flow 362 体积弛豫 volume relaxation 363 拉伸黏度 extensional viscosity 364 黏弹性viscoelasticity 365 线性黏弹性 linear viscoelasticity 366 非线性黏弹性 non-linear viscoelasticity 367 蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数387介电损耗因子388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition394次级弛豫温度395开尔文模型Kelvin model396麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model397时-温叠加原理修订统计：。
高分子英语专业名词翻译
05. 高分子化学05.1 高分子物质brush polymer coiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerization21低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名)oligomerization22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67 负离子聚合，anionic polymerization阴离子聚合68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerizationpolyaddition聚加成反应，101逐步加成聚合(曾用名)102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization缩聚反应condensation polymerization，108polycondensation酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization, 109ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiator电荷转移复合物，charge transfer complex, CTC155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant①缓聚作用retardation221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization 238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation 245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group 257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation279 断链降解chain scission degradation280 自由基链降解free radical chain degradation 281 无规降解random degradation282 水解降解hydrolytic degradation283 热降解thermal degradation284 热氧化降解thermal oxidative degradation 285 光降解photodegradation286 光氧化降解photo oxidative degradation 287 力化学降解mechanochemical degradation 288 接枝聚合graft polymerization289 活化接枝activation grafting290 接枝点grafting site291 链支化chain branching05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理6等规度, 全同立构[规整]isotacticity度syndiotacticity7间同度，间同立构[规整]度8无规度，无规立构度atacticity9嵌段block10规整嵌段regular block11非规整嵌段irregular block12立构嵌段stereoblock13有规立构嵌段isotactic block14无规立构嵌段atactic block15单体单元monomeric unit16二单元组diad17三单元组triad18四单元组tetrad19五单元组pentad20无规线团random coil21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement 34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit 187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model 214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure222远程结构long-range structure223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization227后期结晶secondary crystallization 228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallizationepitaxial growth229外延晶体生长，附生晶体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal 234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism 235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilizationlower critical solution temperature, LCST260最低临界共溶(溶解)温度upper critical solution temperature , UCST261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。
高分子专业英语翻译[最新]
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高分子专业英语翻译[最新]第五课乳液聚合大部分的乳液聚合都是由自由基引发的并且表现出其他自由基体系的很多特点,最主要的反应机理的不同源自小体积元中自由基增长的场所不同。
乳液聚合不仅允许在高反应速率下获得较高分子量,这在本体聚合中是无法实现或效率低下的,,同时还有其他重要的实用优点。
水吸收了大部分聚合热且有利于反应控制,产物在低粘度体系中获得,容易处理,可直接使用或是在凝聚,水洗,干燥之后很快转化成固体聚合物。
在共聚中,尽管共聚原理适用于乳液体系,单体在水相中溶解能力的不同也可能导致其与本体聚合行为不同,从而有重要的实际意义。
乳液聚合的变化很大,从包含单一单体,乳化剂,水和单一引发剂的简单体系到这些包含有2,3个单体,一次或分批添加,,混合乳化剂和助稳定剂以及包括链转移剂的复合引发体系。
单体和水相的比例允许变化范围很大,但是在技术做法上通常限制在30/70到60/40。
单体和水相比更高时则达到了直接聚合允许的极限,只有通过分批添加单体方法来排除聚合产生的大量的热。
更复杂的是随着胶体数的增加粘度也大大增加,尤其是当水溶性的单体和聚合物易容时,反应结束胶乳浓度降低。
这一阶段常常伴随着通过聚集作用或是在热力学不稳定时凝结作用而使胶粒尺寸增大。
第十课高分子的构型和构象本课中我们将使用根据经典有机化学术语而来的构型和构象这两个词。
构型异构是由于分子中存在一个或多个不对称中心,以最简单的C原子为例,每一碳原子的绝对构型为R型和S型,当存在双键时会有顺式和反式几何异构。
以合成聚合物为例,构型异构的典型问题和R.S型不对称碳原子在主链上的排布有关。
这些不对称碳原子要么来自不对称单体,如环氧丙烷,要么来自对称单体,如乙烯单体,,这些物质的聚合,在每个单体单元中形成至少一个不对称碳原子。
大分子中的构型异构源于侧链上存在不对称的碳原子,例如不对称乙烯单体的聚合,也是可能的,现今已经被广泛研究。
和经典有机化学术语一致,构象,旋转体,旋转异构体,构象异构体,指的是由于分子单键的内旋转而形成的空间排布的不同。
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇
05. 高分子化学05.1高分子物质05.2brush polymercoiling type polymer05。
2 聚合与高分子化学反应22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式]聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯[类]聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合,游离基聚合(曾用名）free radical polymerization，radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization,CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名）dead end polymerization44 光[致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesispolymerization,ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合,阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization，carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒—纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合,立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization，stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映[体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization，templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名)polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合,俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization，ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization116 气相聚合gaseous polymerization,gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization，pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合,间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮[类]引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile，AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide，BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC电荷转移复合物，155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator, difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发—转移剂initiator transfer agent，inifer162 引发—转移—终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator，iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst177 [二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane，MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth，chain propagation 193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative）chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移[反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constantretardation①缓聚作用221②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q，e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫[黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking05。
高分子材料与工程专业英语词汇[1]
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Xiong Maolin, CMSE, BUCT
I
高 分 子 材 料 与 工 程 专 业 英 语 词 汇 表
graft copolymer 接枝共聚物 statistical copolymer 无规嵌段共聚物 random copolymer 无规共聚物 backbone [ ] n.主链 semicrystalline [ ]adj.半结晶的 ] adj.无定形的 amorphous [ morphology [ ] n.形态 phase [ ] n.相 living polymerization 活性聚合 compatibilizer n.增容剂 blend [ ] n.,v.共混（物） terpolymer [ ] n.三元共聚物 ] n.合金 alloy [ miscible [ ] adj.易混合的，可（溶）混的 ] n.粒子 particle [ cylinder [ ] n.圆柱体 lamella [ ] n.薄层, 薄片 synergistic adj.协同的 molecular architecture 分子构造 ] adj.线性的 linear [ short branched adj.短支化的 long branched adj.长支化的 ladder shaped adj.梯形的 star shaped adj.星形的 hyperbranched adj.超支化的 chain segment 链段 ] n.,v.蠕变 creep [ loading [ ] n.载荷 crystallinity n.结晶度 rheological [ ] adj.流变学的 stability [ ] n.稳定性 crystalline [ ] adj.结晶的 amorphous [ ] adj.无定形的 ] v.缠结 entangle [ strength [ ] n.强度 ] n.韧性 toughness [ configuration [ ] n.构型 conformation [ ] n.构象 regularity [ ] n.规整性 compactness [ ] n.紧密度[性] flexibility [ ] n.柔顺性 liquid-crystal polymer n.液晶聚合物 ] v.取向 orient [ extrusion [ ] n.挤出 injection molding 注射模塑成型 granular [ ] adj.粒状的 hopper [ ] n.漏斗 barrel [ ] n.机筒 screw [ : ] n.螺杆 ] n.顶杆 ram [ mold [ ] n.模具 eject [ ] v.顶出 cavity [ ] n.型腔 hydraulic [ ] adj.液压传动的 polyphenylene oxide 聚苯醚 compression molding 挤压模塑成型 ] v.固化 cure [ flash [ ] n.溢料 ] n.脱模 knockout [ pin [ ] n.销钉 overflow [ ] n.溢料口 runner [ ]n.流道，浇口 transfer molding 传递模塑成型 blow molding 吹塑成型 split mold 对开模具 ] n.（玻璃、塑料等）型坯 parison [ annulus [ ] n.环形套筒 extrusion [ ] n.挤出 die [ ] n.模具 thermoforming [ ] n.热成型 ] v.下垂 sag [ calendering n.压延 ] v.塑炼 plasticate [ vulcanize [ ] v.硫化 vulcanization [ ] n.硫化 casting [ ] n.浇铸 catalyze [ ] v.催化 ] n.固化，凝固 solidification [ urethane n.尿烷，氨基甲酸乙酯 reaction injection molding 反应注射模塑成型 reactant [ ] n.反应物 polyurethane [ ] n.聚氨酯 sintering [ ] n.烧结 coalescence [ ] n.融合 foam molding 发泡模塑成型 hardness [ ] n.硬度 flexural strength 抗挠（弯）强度 impact [ ] n., vt 冲击
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05. 高分子化学05.1 高分子物质coiling type polymer05.2 聚合与高分子化学反应10 极性单体polar monomer11 非极性单体non polar monomer12 共轭单体conjugated monomer13 非共轭单体non conjugated monomer14 活化单体activated monomer15 官能单体functional monomer16 大分子单体macromer, macromonomer17 环状单体cyclic monomer18 共聚单体comonomer19 聚合［反应］polymerization20 均聚反应homopolymerization21低聚反应，齐聚反应(曾用名)oligomerization22 调聚反应telomerization23 自发聚合spontaneous polymerization24 预聚合prepolymerization25 后聚合post polymerization26 再聚合repolymerization27 铸塑聚合, 浇铸聚合cast polymerization28 链［式］聚合chain polymerization29 烯类聚合，乙烯基聚合vinyl polymerization30 双烯［类］聚合diene polymerization31 加［成］聚［合］addition polymerization32自由基聚合，游离基聚合(曾用名) free radical polymerization, radical polymerization33控制自由基聚合，可控自由基聚合controlled radical polymerization，CRP34 活性自由基聚合living radical polymerization35 原子转移自由基聚合atom transfer radical polymerization，ATRP36 反向原子转移自由基聚合reverse atom transfer radical polymerization，RATRP37可逆加成断裂链转移reversible addition fragmentation chaintransfer，RAFT38 氮氧[自由基]调控聚合nitroxide mediated polymerization39 稳定自由基聚合stable free radical polymerization，FRP40 自由基异构化聚合free radical isomerization polymerization41 自由基开环聚合radical ring opening polymerization42 氧化还原聚合redox polymerization43无活性端聚合，死端聚合(曾用名)dead end polymerization44 光［致］聚合photo polymerization45 光引发聚合light initiated polymerization46 光敏聚合photosensitized polymerization47 四中心聚合four center polymerization48 电荷转移聚合charge transfer polymerization49 辐射引发聚合radiation initiated polymerization50 热聚合thermal polymerization51 电解聚合electrolytic polymerization52 等离子体聚合plasma polymerization53 易位聚合metathesis polymerization54 开环易位聚合ring opening metathesis polymerization，ROMP55 精密聚合precision polymerization56 环化聚合cyclopolymerization57 拓扑化学聚合topochemical polymerization58 平衡聚合equilibrium polymerization59 离子［型］聚合ionic polymerization60 辐射离子聚合radiation ion polymerization61 离子对聚合ion pair polymerization62正离子聚合，阳离子聚合cationic polymerization63 碳正离子聚合carbenium ion polymerization,carbocationicpolymerization64 假正离子聚合pseudo cationic polymerization65 假正离子活［性］聚合pseudo cationic living polymerization66 活性正离子聚合living cationic polymerization67负离子聚合，阴离子聚合anionic polymerization68 碳负离子聚合carbanionic polymerization69 活性负离子聚合living anionic polymerization70 负离子环化聚合anionic cyclopolymerization71 负离子电化学聚合anionic electrochemical polymerization72 负离子异构化聚合anionic isomerization polymerization73 烯丙基聚合allylic polymerization74 活［性］聚合living polymerization75 两性离子聚合zwitterion polymerization76 齐格勒-纳塔聚合Ziegler Natta polymerization77 配位聚合coordination polymerization78 配位离子聚合coordinated ionic polymerization79 配位负离子聚合coordinated anionic polymerization80 配位正离子聚合coordinated cationic polymerization81 插入聚合insertion polymerization82定向聚合，立构规整聚合stereoregular polymerization, stereospecific polymerization83 有规立构聚合tactic polymerization84 全同立构聚合isospecific polymerization85 不对称诱导聚合asymmetric induction polymerization86 不对称选择性聚合asymmetric selective polymerization87 不对称立体选择性聚合asymmetric stereoselective polymerization88 对映［体］不对称聚合enantioasymmetric polymerization89 对映［体］对称聚合enantiosymmetric polymerization90 异构化聚合isomerization polymerization91 氢转移聚合hydrogen transfer polymerization92 基团转移聚合group transfer polymerization，GTP93 消除聚合elimination polymerization94 模板聚合matrix polymerization,templatepolymerization95 插层聚合intercalation polymerization96 无催化聚合uncatalyzed polymerization97 开环聚合ring opening polymerization98 活性开环聚合living ring opening polymerization99 不死的聚合immortal polymerization100 酶聚合作用enzymatic polymerization101聚加成反应，逐步加成聚合(曾用名)polyaddition102 偶联聚合coupling polymerization103 序列聚合sequential polymerization104 闪发聚合，俗称暴聚flash polymerization105 氧化聚合oxidative polymerization106 氧化偶联聚合oxidative coupling polymerization 107 逐步［增长］聚合step growth polymerization108缩聚反应condensation polymerization，polycondensation109酯交换型聚合transesterification type polymerization,ester exchange polycondensation110 自催化缩聚autocatalytic polycondensation111 均相聚合homogeneous polymerization112 非均相聚合heterogeneous polymerization113 相转化聚合phase inversion polymerization114 本体聚合bulk polymerization, mass polymerization 115 固相聚合solid phase polymerization气相聚合gaseous polymerization,116gas phase polymerization117 吸附聚合adsorption polymerization118 溶液聚合solution polymerization119 沉淀聚合precipitation polymerization120 淤浆聚合slurry polymerization121 悬浮聚合suspension polymerization122 反相悬浮聚合reversed phase suspension polymerization 123 珠状聚合bead polymerization, pearl polymerization 124 分散聚合dispersion polymerization125 反相分散聚合inverse dispersion polymerization126 种子聚合seeding polymerization127 乳液聚合emulsion polymerization128 无乳化剂乳液聚合emulsifier free emulsion polymerization 129 反相乳液聚合inverse emulsion polymerization130 微乳液聚合micro emulsion polymerization131 连续聚合continuous polymerization132 半连续聚合semicontinuous polymerization133 分批聚合，间歇聚合batch polymerization134 原位聚合in situ polymerization135 均相缩聚homopolycondensation136 活化缩聚activated polycondensation137 熔融缩聚melt phase polycondensation138 固相缩聚solid phase polycondensation139 体型缩聚three dimensional polycondensation140 界面聚合interfacial polymerization141 界面缩聚interfacial polycondensation142 环加成聚合cycloaddition polymerization143 环烯聚合cycloalkene polymerization144 环硅氧烷聚合cyclosiloxane polymerization145 引发剂initiator146 引发剂活性activity of initiator147 聚合催化剂polymerization catalyst148 自由基引发剂radical initiator149 偶氮［类］引发剂azo type initiator150 2,2′偶氮二异丁腈2,2'- azobisisobutyronitrile, AIBN151 过氧化苯甲酰benzoyl peroxide, BPO152 过硫酸盐引发剂persulphate initiator153 复合引发体系complex initiation system154 氧化还原引发剂redox initiatorcharge transfer complex, CTC电荷转移复合物，155电荷转移络合物156 聚合加速剂，聚合促进剂polymerization accelerator157 光敏引发剂photoinitiator158 双官能引发剂bifunctional initiator，difunctional initiator 159 三官能引发剂trifunctional initiator160 大分子引发剂macroinitiator161 引发-转移剂initiator transfer agent, inifer162 引发-转移-终止剂initiator transfer agent terminator, iniferter 163 光引发转移终止剂photoiniferter164 热引发转移终止剂thermoiniferter165 正离子催化剂cationic catalyst166 正离子引发剂cationic initiator167 负离子引发剂ionioic initiator168 共引发剂coinitiator169 烷基锂引发剂alkyllithium initiator170 负离子自由基引发剂anion radical initiator171 烯醇钠引发剂alfin initiator172 齐格勒-纳塔催化剂Ziegler Natta catalyst173 过渡金属催化剂transition metal catalyst 174 双组分催化剂bicomponent catalyst175 后过渡金属催化剂late transition metal catalyst 176 金属络合物催化剂metal complex catalyst 177 ［二］茂金属催化剂metallocene catalyst178 甲基铝氧烷methylaluminoxane, MAO179μ氧桥双金属烷氧化物催化剂bimetallic μ-oxo alkoxides catalyst180 双金属催化剂bimetallic catalyst 181 桥基茂金属bridged metallocene182限定几何构型茂金属催化剂constrained geometry metallocene catalyst183 均相茂金属催化剂homogeneous metallocene catalyst 184 链引发chain initiation185 热引发thermal initiation186 染料敏化光引发dye sensitized phtoinitiation187 电荷转移引发charge transfer initiation188 诱导期induction period189 引发剂效率initiator efficiency190 诱导分解induced decomposition191 再引发reinitiation192 链增长chain growth, chain propagation193 增长链端propagating chain end194 活性种reactive species195 活性中心active center196 持续自由基persistent radical197 聚合最高温度ceilling temperature of polymerization 198 链终止chain termination199 双分子终止bimolecular termination200 初级自由基终止primary radical termination201 扩散控制终止diffusion controlled termination202 歧化终止disproportionation termination203 偶合终止coupling termination204 单分子终止unimolecular termination205 自发终止spontaneous termination206 终止剂terminator207 链终止剂chain terminating agent208 假终止pseudotermination209 自发终止self termination210 自由基捕获剂radical scavenger211 旋转光闸法rotating sector method212 自由基寿命free radical lifetime213 凝胶效应gel effect214 自动加速效应autoacceleration effect215 链转移chain transfer216 链转移剂chain transfer agent217 尾咬转移backbitting transfer218 退化链转移degradation (degradative) chain transfer 219 加成断裂链转移［反应］addition fragmentation chain transfer 220 链转移常数chain transfer constant221 ①缓聚作用retardation②延迟作用222 阻聚作用inhibition223 缓聚剂retarder224 缓聚剂，阻滞剂retarding agent225 阻聚剂inhibitor226 封端［反应］end capping227 端基terminal group228 聚合动力学polymerization kinetics229 聚合热力学polymerization thermodynamics 230 聚合热heat of polymerization231 共聚合［反应］copolymerization232 二元共聚合binary copolymerization233 三元共聚合ternary copolymerization234 竞聚率reactivity ratio235 自由基共聚合radical copolymerization236 离子共聚合ionic copolymerization237 无规共聚合random copolymerization238 理想共聚合ideal copolymerization239 交替共聚合alternating copolymerization 240 恒［组］分共聚合azeotropic copolymerization 241 接枝共聚合graft copolymerization242 嵌段共聚合block copolymerization243 开环共聚合ring opening copolymerization 244 共聚合方程copolymerization equation245 共缩聚copolycondensation246 逐步共聚合step copolymerization247 同种增长homopropagation248 自增长self propagation249 交叉增长cross propagation250 前末端基效应penultimate effect251 交叉终止cross termination252 Q值Q value253 e值e value254 Q,e概念Q, e scheme255 序列长度分布sequence length distribution 256 侧基反应reaction of pendant group257 扩链剂，链增长剂chain extender258 交联crosslinking259 化学交联chemical crosslinking260 自交联self crosslinking261 光交联photocrosslinking262 交联度degree of crosslinking263 硫化vulcanization264 固化curing265 硫［黄］硫化sulfur vulcanization266 促进硫化accelerated sulfur vulcanization 267 过氧化物交联peroxide crosslinking268 无规交联random crosslinking269 交联密度crosslinking density270 交联指数crosslinking index271 解聚depolymerization272 ①降解②退化degradation273 链断裂chain breaking274 解聚酶depolymerase275 细菌降解bacterial degradation276 生物降解biodegradation277 化学降解chemical degradation278 辐射降解radiation degradation05.3 高分子物理化学与高分子物理21自由连接链freely-jointed chain22自由旋转链freely-rotating chain23蠕虫状链worm-like chain24柔性链flexible chain25链柔性chain flexibility26刚性链rigid chain27棒状链rodlike chain28链刚性chain rigidity29聚集aggregation30聚集体aggregate31凝聚、聚集coalescence32链缠结chain entanglement33凝聚缠结cohesional entanglement34物理缠结physical entanglement35拓扑缠结topological entanglement36凝聚相condensed phase37凝聚态condensed state38凝聚过程condensing process39临界聚集浓度critical aggregation concentration 40线团-球粒转换coil-globule transition41受限链confined chain42受限态confined state43物理交联physical crosslinking44统计线团statistical coil45等效链equivalent chain46统计链段statistical segment47链段chain segment48链构象chain conformation49无规线团模型random coil model50无规行走模型random walk model51自避随机行走模型self avoiding walk model52卷曲构象coiled conformation53高斯链Gaussian chain54无扰尺寸unperturbed dimension55扰动尺寸perturbed dimension56热力学等效球thermodynamically equivalent sphere 57近程分子内相互作用short-range intramolecular interaction 58远程分子内相互作用long-range intramolecular interaction 59链间相互作用interchain interaction60链间距interchain spacing61长程有序long range order62近程有序short range order63回转半径radius of gyration64末端间矢量end-to-end vector65链末端chain end66末端距end-to-end distance67无扰末端距unperturbed end-to-end distance68均方根末端距root-mean-square end-to-end distance 69伸直长度contour length70相关长度persistence length71主链；链骨架chain backbone72支链branch chain73链支化chain branching74短支链short-chain branch75长支链long-chain branch76支化系数branching index77支化密度branching density78支化度degree of branching79交联度degree of crosslinking80网络network81网络密度network density82溶胀swelling83平衡溶胀equilibrium swelling84分子组装，分子组合molecular assembly85自组装self assembly86微凝胶microgel87凝胶点gel point88可逆[性]凝胶reversible gel89溶胶-凝胶转化sol-gel transformation90临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration，CMC91组成非均一性constitutional heterogenity, compositionalheterogenity92摩尔质量平均molar mass average 又称“分子量平均”93数均分子量number-average molecular weight,number-average molar mass94重均分子量weight-average molecular weight,weight-average molar mass95Z均分子量Z(Zaverage)-average molecular weight,Z-molar mass96黏均分子量viscosity-average molecular weight，viscosity-average molar mass97表观摩尔质量apparent molar mass98表观分子量apparent molecular weight99聚合度degree of polymerization100动力学链长kinetic chain length101单分散性monodispersity102临界分子量critical molecular weight103分子量分布molecular weight distribution，MWD104多分散性指数polydispersity index，PID105平均聚合度average degree of polymerization106质量分布函数mass distribution function107数量分布函数number distribution function108重量分布函数weight distribution function109舒尔茨-齐姆分布Schulz-Zimm distribution110最概然分布most probable distribution 曾用名“最可几分布”111对数正态分布logarithmic normal distribution 又称“对数正则分布”112聚合物溶液polymer solution113聚合物-溶剂相互作用polymer-solvent interaction114溶剂热力学性质thermodynamic quality of solvent115均方末端距mean square end to end distance116均方旋转半径mean square radius of gyration117θ温度theta temperature118θ态theta state119θ溶剂theta solvent120良溶剂good solvent121不良溶剂poor solvent122位力系数Virial coefficient 曾用名“维里系数”123排除体积excluded volume124溶胀因子expansion factor125溶胀度degree of swelling126弗洛里-哈金斯理论Flory-Huggins theory127哈金斯公式Huggins equation128哈金斯系数Huggins coefficient129χ(相互作用)参数χ-parameter130溶度参数solubility parameter131摩擦系数frictional coefficient132流体力学等效球hydrodynamically equivalent sphere133流体力学体积hydrodynamic volume134珠-棒模型bead-rod model135球-簧链模型ball-spring [chain] model136流动双折射flow birefringence, streaming birefringence 137动态光散射dynamic light scattering138小角激光光散射low angle laser light scattering139沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium140沉降系数sedimentation coefficient141沉降速度法sedimentation velocity method142沉降平衡法sedimentation equilibrium method143相对黏度relative viscosity144相对黏度增量relative viscosity increment145黏度比viscosity ratio146黏数viscosity number147[乌氏]稀释黏度计[Ubbelohde] dilution viscometer148毛细管黏度计capillary viscometer149落球黏度计ball viscometer150落球黏度ball viscosity151本体黏度bulk viscosity152比浓黏度reduced viscosity153比浓对数黏度inherent viscosity, logarithmic viscositynumber154特性黏数intrinsic viscosity, limiting viscosity number 155黏度函数viscosity function156零切变速率黏度zero shear viscosity157端基分析analysis of end group158蒸气压渗透法vapor pressure osmometry, VPO159辐射的相干弹性散射coherent elastic scattering of radiation160折光指数增量refractive index increment161瑞利比Rayleigh ratio162超瑞利比excess Rayleigh ratio163粒子散射函数particle scattering function164粒子散射因子particle scattering factor165齐姆图Zimm plot166散射的非对称性dissymmetry of scattering167解偏振作用depolarization168分级fractionation169沉淀分级precipitation fractionation170萃取分级extraction fractionation171色谱分级chromatographic fractionation172柱分级column fractionation173洗脱分级，淋洗分级elution fractionation174热分级thermal fractionation175凝胶色谱法gel chromatography176摩尔质量排除极限molar mass exclusion limit177溶剂梯度洗脱色谱法solvent gradient [elution] chromatography 178分子量排除极限molecular weight exclusion limit179洗脱体积elution volume180普适标定universal calibration181加宽函数spreading function182链轴chain axis183等同周期identity period184链重复距离chain repeating distance185晶体折叠周期crystalline fold period186构象重复单元conformational repeating unit187几何等效geometrical equivalence188螺旋链helix chain189构型无序configurational disorder190链取向无序chain orientational disorder191构象无序conformational disorder192锯齿链zigzag chain193双[股]螺旋double stranded helix194[分子]链大尺度取向global chain orientation195结晶聚合物crystalline polymer196半结晶聚合物semi-crystalline polymer197高分子晶体polymer crystal198高分子微晶polymer crystallite199结晶度degree of crystallinity, crystallinity 200高分子[异质]同晶现象macromolecular isomorphism 201聚合物形态学morphology of polymer202片晶lamella, lamellar crystal203轴晶axialite204树枝[状]晶体dendrite205纤维晶fibrous crystal206串晶结构shish-kebab structure207球晶spherulite208折叠链folded chain209链折叠chain folding210折叠表面fold surface211折叠面fold plane212折叠微区fold domain213相邻再入模型adjacent re-entry model214接线板模型switchboard model215缨状微束模型fringed-micelle model216折叠链晶体folded-chain crystal217平行链晶体parallel-chain crystal218伸展链晶体extended-chain crystal219球状链晶体globular-chain crystal220长周期long period221近程结构short-range structure222远程结构long-range structure223成核作用nucleation224分子成核作用molecular nucleation225阿夫拉米方程Avrami equation226主结晶primary crystallization227后期结晶secondary crystallization228外延结晶，附生结晶epitaxial crystallization229外延晶体生长，附生晶epitaxial growth体生长230织构texture231液晶态liquid crystal state232溶致性液晶lyotopic liquid crystal233热致性液晶thermotropic liquid crystal234热致性介晶thermotropic mesomorphism235近晶相液晶smectic liquid crystal236近晶中介相smectic mesophase237近晶相smectic phase238条带织构banded texture239环带球晶ringed spherulite240向列相nematic phase241盘状相discotic phase242解取向disorientation243分聚segregation244非晶相amorphous phase 曾用名“无定形相”245非晶区amorphous region246非晶态amorphous state247非晶取向amorphous orientation248链段运动segmental motion249亚稳态metastable state250相分离phase separation251亚稳相分离spinodal decomposition252bimodal decomposition253微相microphase254界面相boundary phase255相容性compatibility256混容性miscibility257不相容性incompatibility258不混容性immiscibility259增容作用compatiibilization260最低临界共溶(溶解)温lower critical solution temperature, LCST 度upper critical solution temperature , UCST 261最高临界共溶(溶解)温度262浓度猝灭concentration quenching263激基缔合物荧光excimer fluorescence264激基复合物荧光exciplex fluorescence265激光共聚焦荧光显微镜laser confocal fluorescence microscopy 266单轴取向uniaxial orientation267双轴取向biaxial orientation, biorientation268取向度degree of orientation269橡胶态rubber state270玻璃态glassy state271高弹态elastomeric state272黏流态viscous flow state273伸长elongation274高弹形变high elastic deformation275回缩性，弹性复原nerviness276拉伸比draw ratio, extension ratio277泊松比Poisson's ratio278杨氏模量Young's modulus279本体模量bulk modulus280剪切模量shear modulus281法向应力normal stress282剪切应力shear stress283剪切应变shear strain284屈服yielding285颈缩现象necking 又称“细颈现象”286屈服应力yield stress287屈服应变yield strain288脆性断裂brittle fracture289脆性开裂brittle cracking290脆-韧转变brittle ductile transition291脆化温度brittleness(brittle) temperature292延性破裂ductile fracture293冲击强度impact strength294拉伸强度tensile strength 又称“断裂强度,breaking strength”295极限拉伸强度ultimate tensile strength296抗撕强度tearing strength 又称“抗扯强度”297弯曲强度flexural strength, bending strength298弯曲模量bending modulus299弯曲应变bending strain300弯曲应力bending stress301收缩开裂shrinkage crack302剪切强度shear strength303剥离强度peeling strength304疲劳强度fatigue strength, fatigue resistance305挠曲deflection306压缩强度compressive strength307压缩永久变形compression set308压缩变形compressive deformation309压痕硬度indentation hardness310洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness311布氏硬度Brinell hardness312抗刮性scrath resistance313断裂力学fracture mechanics314力学破坏mechanical failure315应力强度因子stress intensity factor316断裂伸长elongation at break317屈服强度yield strength318断裂韧性fracture toughness319弹性形变elastic deformation320弹性滞后elastic hysteresis321弹性elasticity322弹性模量modulus of elasticity323弹性回复elastic recovery324不可回复形变irrecoverable deformation325裂缝crack 俗称“龟裂”326银纹craze327形变；变形deformation328永久变形deformation set329剩余变形residual deformation330剩余伸长residual stretch331回弹，回弹性resilience332延迟形变retarded deformation333延迟弹性retarded elasticity334可逆形变reversible deformation335应力开裂stress cracking336应力-应变曲线stress strain curve337拉伸应变stretching strain338拉伸应力弛豫tensile stress relaxation339热历史thermal history340热收缩thermoshrinking341扭辫分析torsional braid analysis，TBA 342应力致白stress whitening343应变能strain energy344应变张量strain tensor345剩余应力residual stress346应变硬化strain hardening347应变软化strain softening348电流变液electrorheological fluid349假塑性pseudoplastic350拉胀性auxiticity351牛顿流体Newtonian fluid352非牛顿流体non-Newtonian fluid353宾汉姆流体Bingham fluid354冷流cold flow355牛顿剪切黏度Newtonian shear viscosity 356剪切黏度shear viscosity357表观剪切黏度apparent shear viscosity358剪切变稀shear thinning359触变性thixotropy360塑性形变plastic deformation361塑性流动plastic flow362体积弛豫volume relaxation363拉伸黏度extensional viscosity364黏弹性viscoelasticity365线性黏弹性linear viscoelasticity366非线性黏弹性non-linear viscoelasticity367蠕变creep368弛豫[作用] relaxation 又称“松弛”369弛豫模量relaxation modulus370蠕变柔量creep compliance371热畸变温度heat distortion temperature372弛豫谱relaxation spectrum373推迟[时间]谱retardation [time] spectrum374弛豫时间relaxation time375推迟时间retardation time376动态力学行为dynamic mechanical behavior377动态黏弹性dynamic viscoelasticity378热-机械曲线thermo-mechanical curve379动态转变dynamic transition380储能模量storage modulus381损耗模量loss modulus382复数模量complex modulus383复数柔量complex compliance384动态黏度dynamic viscosity385复数黏度complex viscosity386复数介电常数complex dielectric permittivity387介电损耗因子dielectric dissipation factor388介电损耗常数dielectric loss constant389介电弛豫时间dielectric relaxation time390玻璃化转变glass transition391玻璃化转变温度glass-transition temperature392次级弛豫secondary relaxation393次级转变secondary transition05.4 高分子加工技术和应用。