常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇).doc
论文中常用术语
"A DEFINITE TREND IS EVIDENT" - These data are practically meaningless.
"WHILE IT HAS NOT BEEN POSSIBLE TO PROVIDE DEFINITE ANSWERS TO THE QUESTIONS
.
"THANKS ARE DUE TO JOE BLOTZ FOR ASSISTANCE WITH THE EXPERIMENT AND TO CINDY ADAMS FOR VALUABLE DISCUSSIONS" - Mr. Blotz did the work and Ms. Adams explaine to me what it meant.
didn't make any sense.
"TYPICAL RESULTS ARE SHOWN" - This is the prettiest graph.
"THESE RESULTS WILL BE IN A SUBSEQUENT REPORT" - I might get around to this
"A STATISTICALLY-ORIENTED PROJECTION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THESE FINDINGS
" - A wild guess.
"A CAREFUL ANALYSIS OF OBTAINABLE DATA" - Three pages of notes were obliterated when I knocked over a glass of beer.
学术论文常用词汇
学术论文常用词汇学术论文的语言表达一、时态时态是个比较复杂的问题虽然有一般的规则但往往在实际文章中很难把握总体的规则已在前边讲过需要重申的是在同一段落中要避免时态跳跃详见学术论文的写作最常见的描述一般现象的时态是一般现在时有时也用一般过去时或一般将来时需要注意的语法In recent years 作时间状语时通常要用完成时In recent years, Plesch and coworkers have concluded that many so-called cationic polymerizations do not proceed through intermediates of an ionic nature.二、数词数也有其复杂化特别是在学术论文里有是很难顾及数上的逻辑但一般不将逻辑上的问题视为语法错误只须注意在一个句子中的数和谓语动词的统一即可以下是需要注意的语法不规则变化的单复数单数复数criterion criteria 依据phenomenon phenomena 现象medium media 介质radius radii 半径index indices 指数appendix appendices 附录stimulus stimuli 刺激basis bases 基础2synthesis syntheses 合成matrix matrices 基体Novel biomaterials with improved, specific biological action are being developed using polymers that are responsive to environmental stimuli.一些数有特殊性的名词data, kinetics 通常作复数名词research, work: 不可数名词The data in Table 1 are obtained from the reactions at different temperatures.The kinetics of polymerization within each droplet are the same as those for the corresponding bulk polymerization.Much research has been done to redirect the tropism of retroviruses by engineering the envelope glycoprotein.Most research on poly(ortho esters) has focused on the synthesis of polymers.一些结构的数<主谓的统一>one of 复数名词单数none of 复数名词复数none of 单数名词/不可数名词单数no 复数名词复数no 单数名词/不可数名词单数a kind of 单数名词单数this/that kind of 单数名词单数these kinds of 复数名词复数复数名词of this/that kind 复数sort 与kind 类似a type of 单数名词单数a series of 复数名词复数a class of 复数名词复数the number of 复数名词单数a number of 复数名词复数Ara-C is one of most important antitumor agents, especially used in the treatment of various leukaemias.One of possibilities for enhancing the pharmacological properties is to link it to a carrier. Biocompatibility is one of the main criteria for the selection of a particular biomaterial. 3 Controlled drug delivery technology represents one of most rapid advancing areas of science in which chemists are contributing to human health care.Several models have been proposed but none appear to be generally applicable.None of the presently used ones are applied rigorously.Thus far no studies have conclusively demonstrated long-term value of any of the cardiac gene therap approaches.This type of termination is often referred to as spontaneous termination.A number of polymer backbones that are potentially degradable are detailed in the text. The number of mechanisms which have been proposed to explain the stereopecificity of Ziegler-Natta catalysts.* The number of 复数名词: 整个做主语时谓语应为单数; 但此句的动词have 是从句的谓语而从句是形容mechanisms.在其它的从句谓语中也是同样如: One of the mechanisms w hich have been……A series of telomers reported in table 1 were then synthesized.A diverse range of mechanisms have been developed.Polymers are a promising class of biomaterials that can be engineered to meet specific end-use requirements.The most important class of poly(amides) for controlled release are the poly(amino acids). The majority of poly(anhydrides) are prepared by melt-condensation polymerization.A wide variety of natural and synthetic polymers have been used to fabricate tissue-engineering matrices.后面通常要用复数名词对可数名词而言various differentmost all many severalone of many ofkinds ofa number of the number ofa (wide) variety of a class ofa series of a wide range ofDozens of different types of receptors are present on the average mammalian cell.4In a number of special applications (e.g. contact lenses and skin-grafting materials), additional requirements such as transparency should be considered when selecting a polymer.Many of these transmembrane proteins are receptors.Some polymers are highly crystalline primarily because their structure is conductive to packing, while others are crystalline primarily because of the secondary forces. For still other polymers, both factors may be favorable for crystallization.形容可数名词的量词a few many a number of形容不可数名词的量词a great/small/certain amount of a great/good deal of形容可数和不可数名词均可的量词a lot of lots ofAlthough a few polymers may be completely amorphous and a few completely crystalline, most polymers are partially or semi-crystalline in character.The use of IPNs has received a great deal of attention in recent years and different kinds of IPN have been synthesized with different compositions.The major amount of work on size distributions has been on polyesters and polyimides.A sizeable amount work has been published on the copolymerizations of various cyclic monomers. 以下结构的谓语的数由前一个决定, as well as……由较靠近谓语动词的决定not only……but also……either……or……neither……nor……三、冠词冠词是最易犯错误的地方一定要注意否则编辑的负担极重因为每句话都会用到冠词最普通的规则如下单数名词前一般要加冠您身边的论文好秘书：您的原始资料与构思,我按您的意思整理成优秀论文论著,并安排出版发表，企鹅1550116010 、766085044自信我会是您人生路上不可或缺的论文好秘书词 a , the 等但有些情况可不加复数名词前一般可不加冠词也可加the, these, those.5The molecular weight of a polymer is of prime importance in its synthesis and application.The rate constant can be expressed by an Arrhenius type relationshipK = A e -E/RTWhere A is the collision frequency factor, E the Arrhenius activation energy, and T the Kelvin temperature. A plot of lnK versus 1/T allows the determination of both E and A from the slopeand intercept, respectively.When a water-insoluble or only slightly water-soluble monomer is added, a very small fraction dissolves and goes into solution. A large but still small portion of the monomer enters the interior hydrocarbon part of the micelles. The largest portion of the monomer is dispersed as monomer droplets.被修饰的名词前要加the:There has been a rapidly increasing effort in the last ten to fifteen years toward the synthesis of new polymers with markedly higher temperature resistance than those previously available.The catalysts usually must be prepared at the low temperatures since most of them become heterogeneous when prepared at or warmed up to the temperatures above about -40 . 四从句分词不定式这些是写作时常用且必须用到的结构一定要掌握在学术论文中从句分词不定式通常用来作修饰Applications in the relatively new field of tissue engineering, where polymers are used to assist regeneration of three-dimensional tissue structures, are more and more integrated with biological demands.There are three general synthetic approaches that have been used to produce polymers with increased thermal stability.If certain symmetry requirements are met, the molecules are able to pack into an ordered, lattice arrangement and crystallization occurs. The temperature at which this occurs is Tm. There are at least two mechanisms through which the infectivity of a vector can be blocked.Biodegradable polymers containing ˋhydrolysable ˊgroups in their chains, which are susceptible to biodegradation to low molecular weight, nontoxic products, have also been considered for controlled drug delivery systems.Polymers possessing high strength, solvent and chemical resistance, and serviceability at high temperatures would find a variety of uses.6The challenge facing cell and molecular biologists is to decipher how cellular events occur.A general problem encountered in many of the polymerization systems has been a difficulty in obtaining polymers of sufficiently high enough molecular weight to have reasonable strength properties.Another approach to obtain rigid polymer chains is by the synthesis of spiro polymers. 五标点英文中一句话结束要用句号注意避免过长的句子这点与汉语中常用逗号的习惯不同请注意以下结构的标点…… such as A and B ………… such as A, B and C ………… , such as A, ………… , for example, ………… , for example ………… ,e.g., ………… ,i.e., …………, respectively.四、掌握一些学术论文常用的短语结构可大大降低写作的难度In order to meet all of these criteria, the vector must deliver the gene accurately. To overcome this problem, it would be advantageous to pseudotype lentiviral vectors withtargeted MLV envelopes.Besides identifying suitable proteases for targeting, the success of thisprotease-targetingstrategy relies on the accessibility of the linker to protease cleavage.We have focused our investigations on the in vitro and in vivo biological response of a mousecell line.On the contrary, the homotelomer derivative 11 exhibits no substantial loss of cytotoxicity compared to free Ara-C.After more than three decades of development, in which numerous polymers have been used to replace body parts, clinical success is still relatively rare.7In some cases, polymeric materials for drug delivery must satisfy additional requirements, such as environmental responsiveness (e.g. pH- or temperature dependent phase or volume transformations.)Owing to the nature of these interactions, surface modification strategies have been used to。
常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇)
常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇)麦档网 invoice is not acceptable 不接受联合发票转the stipulations of “uniform customs and practice for documentary credits”“跟单信用证统一惯例”15.except as otherwise stated herein---除本证另有规定外16.except so far as otherwise expressly stated---除非另有明确表示17.this credit is subject to?---本证根据??解释18.uniform customs and practice for documentary credits---跟单信用证统一惯例19.international chamber of commerce brochure no.400---国际商会第400号手册20.1983 revision---1983年修订本21.except as otherwise expressly stated herein, this credit is subject to uniform customs and practice for documentary credits 1993 revision, international chamber of commerce,publication no.500---除另有规定外，本证根据国际商会第500号出版物《跟单信用证统一惯例》1993年修订解释22.支付条件（terms of payment) （1）our usual way of payment is by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight for the full amount of the contracted goods to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to the sellers. 我们的一般付款方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、足额信用证，见票即付。
写英语论文时需要用到的词汇
写英语论文时需要用到的词汇➢首先是常用的转呈语启A proverb says...... At present.......As the proverb says.... Currently.....Generally speaking, .... Now,....In general, ..... On the Whole....It is clear that.... Recently.....It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......承First(of all), ...... Moreover, .........Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....In the first place, ......... Obviously.....To begin with, ......... Of course, .........Also, ....... Similarly,.........At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that..... Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......In addition,..... What`s more, ..........In fact........ It can be easily proved that... Meanwhile......转But... Still, ......But the problem is not so simple...There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to....... However, ....... To our surprise,..........Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......On the other hand, .......Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....合Above all, In brief, ........Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........All in all, .......In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........As a consequence, ......... In short, .........As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........In summary, ....... As has been noted, ....Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........Presumably, ....... Eventually, .........To conclude, ...... Finally, ........To sum up, ..... In a word, ......To summarize, ........➢再来是写literature review或是discussion的时候常常用到的表达词表示揭示公开to showto expressto sayto stateto indicaterepresentevincein token of (adj. 表示, 作为...的标志)professsignify(象征预示)denote (指示表示)characterizein sign offormulatemarkedmake knownexposit展示open upto revealpresentexhibitshowreveallayoutdisplayset out发现识别finddiscoverrecognisebecome aware ofbecome significantdig outbring to lightidentify承认recognizeto acknowledgeto admitno doubtmake no question ofconcedeconfess to doing sthbe convinced that结论conclusionverdictoutcomeresultbring outultimatenesssumming upoutcomeconsecutionconsectaryfinding我也来贡献一些我总结的吧，主要是每段之间的关联词1. This chapter is to provide t he reader with knowledge of other people’s work and findings, enable to identify research issues.2. Which means that it describes …..3. …defines differentiation as ….4. in addition,…5. However,…6. …concludes with…7. Thus, it is ….8. furthermo re,…..9. additionally, …..10. ….in his article….proposes that11. Moreover,….12. ….gives the explanation of ……13. more specifically,…..14. there is some evidence to show that….15. in practice,…..16. Generally,….17. in the field of …..18. in the light of the current globalisation and the growing competition …..19. this chapter has presented a lot of articles written and previous researchers undertaken relating …..20. the main points are outlined as following…21. in the words of …..22. this chapter briefly describes the ….23. it continues with a review of the literature relating to empowerment in …in order to explore and understand the ….24. indeed … highlight ….as…25. to sum up,26. the main topics included in the review of t he literature are the …27. in dealing with …..28. on the positive side…29. arising from these two approaches..30. ....has s completely different views of ......31. also believes that....32. contend that.....33. what all these ...have in common is....34. this implies that...........。
中英文对照术语表精选全文
加速试验
acceptance criteria
认可标准
accuracy
准确性
acelerated/stress stability Studies
加速/强力破坏稳定性研究
acetylation
乙酰化作用
achiral assay
非手性测定
achlorhydric elderly
老年性胃酸缺乏症
action limits
内控限值
active components/comcound/moiety
活性成分
active ingredient
活性组分
adaption to specific culture conditions
特定培养条件的适应
additives
添加剂
adjuvant
佐剂
adventitious agents
精选全文完整版（可编辑修改）
中英文对照术语表(ICH 质量)
英文
中文
abbreviated or abridged aplication
简略申请
abnormal karyology
异常核形
absorbed moisture
吸附水
acceptable daily intake
可接受的日摄入量
acceptable test
2 / 21
产氨率 被测物 分析方法 动物细胞系 动物组织或器官 触角形状 抗生素耐药基因 抗生素 抗体 抗体产生试验 抗血清 申报者 腹水 含量测定 定量方法 鸟类 亲和性 背景 细菌 批次 逐批 试验间变异 双数分裂 结合试验 生长量／生物负荷 生化方法 生物等效性 生物有害信息 生物活性 生物制品 生物反应器 生物技术／生物制品 生物技术产品 双相曲线 血浆因子 体液 牛 疯牛病 括号法 饲养条件 副产物
文献中的英文词汇
Take precautions 未雨绸缪，采取预防措施Utilities 公用事业，实用工具Proactive 前摄的，有前瞻性的，先行一步的Discharge into 排放Stringent 严厉的，迫切的Prudent 谨慎的，精明的，节俭的Materially 实质地，物质上，极大地Casualty insurance 灾害保险Integral 积分的，完整的，整体的；积分，部分，完整；Paramount 最重要的，至高无上的，主要的；最高统治者Mitigation 减轻Counterintuitive 违反直觉的Strange bedfellows 同床异梦Hindrance 障碍，妨碍（n）Bolster （vt）支持，支撑Unabated 不减弱的Overarching 首要的，支配一切的，包罗万象的；（v）成拱形Fiduciary adj 信托的，受信托的，基于信用的；n受托人，被信任者R&D research and development 研究与发展Scenario 情节，脚本Pedagogy 教育，教育学，教育法Pertinent to 与……有关Cap-and-trade 限额交易Inventory 存货，存货清单Scarce resources 稀有资源Offsetting n 位移；位移只线路；斜率，不均匀性；v 抵消；弥补trade certificate 贸易证书carton neutral 碳中和，碳平衡pumped storage 抽水蓄能coherent adj 连贯的，一致的；明了的；清晰的；凝聚性的；黏在一起的holistic 整体的，全盘的prototype 原型，标准，规范laypeople 外行prevalence 流行，广泛，普遍documentary 纪录片leverage n.手段，影响力；杠杆作用；杠杆效率GDP per capita 人均国内GDPHazardous waste 危险废物，有害垃圾Global compact 全球契约UNFCCC 联合国气候变化框架公约Conference of the Parties COP 缔约方会议Kyoto Protocol 《京都议定书》Copenhagen Accord 《哥本哈根会议》IPCC Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change 政府间气候变化委员会REDD Reduce emissions from forest destruction and degradation 防止森林破坏和退化减排机制Technology Transfer 技术转移Environmental Awareness 环境意识Unidirectional 单向的；单向性的Perturbation 摄动；不安；扰乱Business as usual BAU 普通商业Ground rules 基本法则Transparent 透明的，显然的；坦率的；易懂的at first blush 乍一看rationalize 使……合理化；使……有理化；为……找借口；实行合理化；作辩解；合理地思考benchmark 基准；标准检查程序；vt 用基准问题测试indefinite 不确定的；无线的；模糊的trajectory [物]轨道，轨线；弹道vaguely 含糊地；暧昧地；茫然地vantage point n 有利位置；优势intervention 干预，干涉social desirability 社会期许ethical 伦理的；道德的；凭处方出售的；处方药consumption bundle 消费束endogenous variable 内生变量per capita 人均；每人；按人口计算fiscal 会计的，财政的；国库的be identical to 与相同incremental cost 增量成本calibrate 校正unmitigated 全然的；严厉的；未缓和的recap vt 翻新胎面；扼要重述n翻新的轮胎incidence 发生率confidence interval 置信区间complacency n自满；满足；自鸣得意alarmist 危言耸听的；忧虑的；杞人忧天者；大惊小怪者in retrospect 回顾be fraught with 充满，带有，预示着exponent 指数；典型；说明者，说明物adj 说明的convexity 凸面，凸状；中凸dimension 规模，大小plausible 貌似可信的，花言巧语的；貌似真是的，貌似有理的hitherto adv 迄今；至今corroborate vt证实；使坚固trivial 不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的absolve vt 免除；赦免；宣告无罪consensus 一致；舆论；合意endorse v 支持；赞同；批注endorsed 批注的；授让的commensurate with 与相应；与相当risk aversion 风险规避prescriptive 规定的，规范的；制定的Gini coefficient 基尼系数Refute vt 反驳，驳斥；驳倒Deep pocket 资产；财富，财源Defective products 不良品On ground of 以……为借口（理由）Novel 新奇的；异常的小说Intensive adj加强的；集中的；透彻的；加强语气的n加强器Tilt the balance 起决定作用，扭转局势，改变局面，举足轻重Conform to 符合，遵照Cook’s tour 草率的检查；走马式观光Pervasive 普遍的；到处渗透的Muster vt召集；对……进行点名；使振作n 集合；检阅；点名册；集合人员Incremental 增加的，增值的Stewardship n 管理工作；管事人的职位及职责Inherit from 从……继承；遗传自……Diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减率to the extent that 达到的程度以致；就来说；在这个意义上；在这样的范围内；在方面来说policy holder 投保人；保险客户at cross purposes 互相误解，意见相左；南辕北辙in light of 根据，鉴于in sense that 就意义而言opt out of 决定不参加，决定从……退出pursuant to 依据，按照to the effect that 大意是，意思是，内容是；以便，目的在于，为了refer to 引用。
学术论文常用词汇
production, productive power, productivity data n.【计】资料, 数据 解析：datum 的复数 definition n.定义, 解说 解析：【衍】define 定义 definite 确定的 indefinite 无限的，不定的 derived vt.得自 vi.起源 解析：derive itself from 由...而来, 源出 derive knowledge from books 从书中获得知识
第二天： create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成 解析：【同】compose, invent, design, produce, manufacture, make 都含“创造”的意思。 create 指“有目的地把原材料制成新产品”; 也指“ 创造出原来不存在或与众不同的事物”, Creator 指创造者， 上帝，如:
第三天: export vt.输出,出口 n.出口商品 解析：【反】import 进口
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【助记法】ex 向外，port 指港口 factors n.因素,要素,因数 解析：【同】element, ingredient, 【辨析】factor 具有数学及解析意味,是一个整体的成分； element 强调这一部分是基础性的,不可或缺的，如元素； ingredient 只是表明构成一种混合物的的成分。 financial a.财政的 金融的 解析：【同】fiscal, monetary financial 常表示大额交易。与 fiscal 的区别是：战略及战术的区别，宏观及微观的区别。
常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇)
常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇) 第一篇：常用论文术语中英文对照范文a.安居工程 housing project for loarket二流选手 scrub, second-raterf.发展不平衡 disparate development法治国家 a country under the rule of laption合议庭 collegiate bench黑店 gangster inn宏观调控 macro-control efforts红包（中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback环太平洋地区 pacific rim后防空虚 leave the defense exposed胡子工程 long-draprove efficiency讲诚信，反欺诈： honor credibility and oppose cheating脚踩两只船 sit on the fence脚踏实地 be doeter囊括 complete a s for mobile communications拳头产品 competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster r.绕圈子 beat around the bush人才流失brain drain人浮于事 overstaffing人工智能 artificial intelligence(ai)人机交互 human-computer interaction人类免疫缺陷病毒human immunodeficiency virus(hiv)人情债 debt of gratitude任意球 free kick融资渠道 financing channels入水时水花很少 clean entry软新闻 soft neacy套利 arbitrage提高农产品收购价格 the government"s increase in its procurement prices (for farm products)铁饭碗 iron rice boaining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction以谋略制胜 outmaneuver以权谋私 abuse of poil，那是以ic引脚为参考的，目前的格子的距离则越来愈堋? ground plane ——接地层，是多层板的一种板面，通常多层板的一层线路层要搭配一层大铜面的接地层，以当成众多零件的公共接地回归地，遮蔽，以及散热。
论文的中英文译文
1, Electromechanical integration and the development of technology trends 一、机电一体化技术发展历程及其趋势Since an electronic technology birth of electronic technology and mechanical technology integration began, only a semiconductor integrated circuit, particularly in a microprocessor representative of thelarge-scale integrated circuits for the future, "mechatronics," a technical after significant progress, and has attracted widespread attention.自电子技术一问世,电子技术与机械技术的结合就开始了,只是出现了半导体集成电路,尤其是出现了以微处理器为代表的大规模集成电路以后,"机电一体化"技术之后有了明显进展,引起了人们的广泛注意.(1) mechanical-electrical integration, "the course of development(一)机电一体化"的发展历程1. CNC machine tools come out, wrote "mechatronics," the first page of history;1.数控机床的问世,写下了"机电一体化"历史的第一页;2. Microelectronic technology, "mechatronics''bring a great vitality;2.微电子技术为"机电一体化''带来勃勃生机;3. PLC, "Power Electronics" for the development of "mechatronics" providea firm foundation;3.可编程序控制器、"电力电子"等的发展为"机电一体化"提供了坚强基础;4. Laser technology, fuzzy technology, information technology and other new technologies to "mechanical and electrical integration," a new and higher level.4.激光技术、模糊技术、信息技术等新技术使"机电一体化"跃上新台阶.(2) mechanical-electrical integration, "the development trend(二)机电一体化"发展趋势1. Integration of optical and electrical machinery. General mechanical and electrical integration system by sensing systems, energy systems, information processing systems, machinery, and other components of the structure. Therefore, the introduction of optical technology, the realization of the inherent advantages of optical technology is effective Improved mechanical-electrical integration system sensing system, energy (power) systems and information processing system. optical and electrical machinery integration is the development of mechanical and electrical products trend.1.光机电一体化.一般的机电一体化系统是由传感系统、能源系统、信息处理系统、机械结构等部件组成的.因此,引进光学技术,实现光学技术的先天优点是能有效地改进机电一体化系统的传感系统、能源(动力)系统和信息处理系统.光机电一体化是机电产品发展的重要趋势.2. Systematic self-distribution - Flexible Future electromechanical integration products, and implementation of control systems are adequate "redundancy" and more "flexible" and can better deal with an emergency, is designed "self-distribution system." Self-discipline in thedistribution system, the various subsystems are independent of each other's work, the subsystem for system services, and has its own "self-discipline", according to different environmental conditions react differently. Its characteristics are subsystem can generate its own information and additional information given in the overall premise, specific "action" can be changed. In this way, significantly increase the system's ability to adapt (flexible), not because of the failure of a subsystem of the whole system.2.自律分配系统化——柔性化.未来的机电一体化产品,控制和执行系统有足够的“冗余度”，有较强的“柔性”，能较好地应付突发事件，被设计成“自律分配系统”。
论文常用词汇
1. 表明, 表示, 说明, 证明表明: show, indicate, denote, signifyCalculations indicate that...Preliminary results indicate that...Recent study has indicated that...The available data indicate thatExperience has shown that...Present results show that...Previouse work has shown that...This investigation shows that...表示: show, indicate, express, demonstrate, illustrate, representFig. 2 demonstrates/shows/indicates/illustrates that...In the diagram, plump lines represent the observed results.说明: show, explain, illustrate, interpretexplain how a machine worksto be illustrated by examplesThe result shows clearly that this procedure is correct.To interpret electrical phenomena we must examine the structure of matter. 证明: show, proveas analyses show that... 分析证明as fact showed that...It goes to prove that...It has been proved that... 一切证明There has been evidence that... 已经证明Countless facts have proved this point 无数事实证明了这一点证实: confirm, verify, supportremain to be confirmed 有待证实verify a scientific hypothesisIt supports the fact thatEquation(1-7) can be easily verified by differentiating equation (1-6)2. 获得, 得到, 得出结论获得: "获得" 的宾语多是抽象的事物win liberationwin the first prizewin acclaim/earn favourable comment 获得好评achieve great successacquire knowledgeIn order to obtain a higher temperature it is necessary to raise the pressure. 得到: "得到" 的宾语多是具体的东西get, obtain, gainget timely medical treatmentBy studying the sketch, we can get an idea of the operation of a simple laser. 研究一下简图, 我们就能对简单激光器的操作得到一个概念。
常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇).doc
常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇)“三个代表” “three represents” theory (the party should alent needs of china’s advanced social productive forces, alental interests of the largest member of the chinese people.)三个有利于“three favorables” (otes the groerit student“三讲”教育（讲学习、讲政治、讲正气）“three emphases” education (to stress theoretical study, political aail, and air and shipping services across the taiic development)三下乡 a program under edical service to farmers三字经 three-character scripture“扫黄”、”打非” elimi nate pornography and illegal publications《山海经》the classic of mountains and rivers商检局 commodity inspection bureau商品条码 bar code上市 to be listed少数服从多数、下级服从上级、局部服从全体、全党服从中央the minority is subordinate to the majority, the loembership of the party to the central committee社会热点问题 hot spots of society社会治安情况 public security situation审时度势 size up the situation渗透、颠覆和分裂活动infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities《生死抉择》“live or die”生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture失学儿童 dropout实践是检验真理的唯一标准 practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.实体经济 the real economy实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the chinese nation实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promotion of family planning to control the population size and improve the health of the people实现小康目标 to achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight financial policy 适销对路的产品readily marketable products手机入网费 mobile access fee受灾地区 disaster-affected are售后服务 after-sale services树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image涮羊肉 instant-boiled mutton双刃剑 double-edged suggled goods水墨画chinese brush draocratic dictatorship, the leadership of the communist party of china, and marxism-leninism and mao zedong thought素质教育 education for all-around developmentt.弹性外交 elastic diplomacy套利 arbitrage提高农产品收购价格the government’s increase in its procurement prices (for farm products)铁饭碗 iron rice boarket统一税 flat tax, consolidated tax同乡会 an association of felloen筒子楼：tube-shaped apartment偷税漏税 tax evasion偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud, andrefusal to pay taxes投手 pitcher透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence团身 bunch up the body推广科研成果turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production; commercialization of laboratory achievements退耕还林还草 grain for green脱贫 cast off poverty脱手 release gripaintaining stability is of top priority维护人权和不断改善人权状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation伪劣产品 fake and shoddy products卫冕世界冠军 reigning pion屋顶花园 roof garden无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无人售票 self-service ticketing无线应用协议 anagement, property managementx.西部大开发 ent吸收游资 absorb idle fund希望工程 project hope喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear洗钱 money laundering下放权力给 delegating the management of ... (to ...) 下岗 laid-off mercial sea下网 off line险胜cliff-hanging odern enterprise system; modern corporate system向钱看 mammonism, put money above all项目立项：approve and initiate a project消费信贷 consumer credit services削减战略核武器会谈strategic arms reduction talks (start)小康 a comfortable level of living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star信息港 inforport信息化 informationize信用紧缩 credit crunch形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网 virtual net选举权和被选举权 the right to vote and the right to be elected徇私枉法 bend the lapaign to crack doinal activities 阳春（最经济方式） no-frills羊肉串小摊 barbecue stall养老金 pension摇钱树 cash coust alaterial progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress; y and at the same time strengthen democracy and the legal system; ote reform and opening to the outside e time fight crime and punish corruption.以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展 the pattern aining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以谋略制胜 outmaneuver以权谋私 abuse of poost以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality 义和团运动 boxer uprising义务兵役制 compulsory military service, conscription 义务教育 compulsory education义演收入 proceeds from benefit performmance易拉罐 pop can因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 隐性就业 unregistered employment硬道理 absolute principle, top priority营业税 turnover tax; business tax应试教育 examination-oriented education system优化结构 optimize structure有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究 there must be laust be observed and strictly enforced, and laust be prosecuted.有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 edal hopeful有勇无谋use braarket; become integrated into the global market舆论导向 direction of public opinion舆论监督 supervision by public opinion冤假错案 cases in ical, (as if by) predestination, be preordained to come together远景计划 long-term development targets运球 dribblez.“宰人” rip off在职博士生 on-job doctorate再贷款 re-lending; subloan再就业服务中心 re-employment service center藏学 tibetology糟粕 dross早恋 puppy love造假帐 falsified accounts斋月 ramadan债转股 debt-to-equity s one’s association站票 standing-room-only ticket涨落线 advance balance line朝阳产业 sunrise industry招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 正式照会 formal note政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the shoent online project政企不分 ent and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up政企分开 separate government functions from enterprisemanagement政务公开 make government affairs public知识产权 intellectual property rights知识经济 knoy , knoy致命要害achilles’ heel掷钱猜先 toss《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》laers’ rights and interests中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方 non-targeting strategic nuclear mittee for large enterprises中央商务区 central business district (cbd)重点发展 prioritize主体经济 the mainstay of the economy主持人 anchorperson住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation助跑 approach run, run-up抓大放小to invigorate large enterprises all ones; focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转化机制 (of state-oanagement mechanisms转基因食品 gm food (genetically modified food)追平produce the equalizer转体 truck rotation, turn, tent资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value资产阶级自由化 bourgeois liberalization资源配置 the distribution (allocation) of resources 《资治通鉴》 history as a mirror自律机制 the self-discipline system自我保护意识self-protection aprehensive national strength综合业务数字网integrated service digital netprehensive treatment遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the la one’s official duties第二篇：常用术语中英文对照十、常用术语中英文对照人生规划life planning自我介绍self-introduction 目标target孔子confucius《论语》the analects of confucius 修身养性cultivate one’s moral character 儒家思想confucianism诗歌poem赏析appreciation阅读理解reading comprehension 意境artistic conception意象imagery情感emotion朗诵recite策划consultant情景模拟scenario simulation 记忆memory贝多芬beethoven命运交响曲symphony of destiny 古典音乐classical music 莫扎特mozart费加罗的婚礼the marriage of figaro 萧伯纳george bernard shaa理想主义idealism人道精神humanity反抗性resistance辩论debate演讲speech主题theme财富 in red mansions 叶芝yeats当你老了无为而治taoist actionless governance 消极避世indifference散文prose小说novel文学性literary语言language修辞rhetoric敬畏生命reverence for life 抉择choice普通话mandarin个人简历resume招聘求职recruitment 求职信cover letter自荐书issions 岗位post市场营销marketing物流logistics食品检测food testing 高分子macromolecule就业形势employment situation 毕业论文thesis摘要abstract关键词keyaster”“production master”,有精确比例的菲林。
常用论文术语中英文对照范文
常用论文术语中英文对照范文保税区thelow-tax,tariff-freezone;bondedarea保证重点支出ensurefundingforpriorityareas保值储蓄inflation-proofbanksavings北欧投资银行NordicInvestmentBank本本主义bookishness《本草纲目》CompendiumofMateriaMedica本垒打circuitclout,four-master,roundtrip 本命年one'syearofbirthconsideredinrelationtothe12TerrestrialBranches奔小康striveforarelativelycomfortablelife蹦击bungee,bungeejumping逼上梁山bedriventodrasticalternatives闭门羹givencold-shoulder边际报酬marginalreturn边缘科学boundaryscience标书biddingdocuments表演赛demonstrationmatch剥夺冠军stripthegoldmedalofsomebody补缺选举by-election布达拉宫PotalaPalace不败记录cleanrecord,spotlessrecord 不承诺放弃使用武器notundertaketorenouncetheuseofforce不打不成交Nodiscord,noconcord.《不见不散》Bethereorbesquare.不良贷款non-performingloan不夜城sleeplesscity,ever-brightcity不正之风bad(harmful)practice;unhealthytendency步行天桥footbridgeC.擦边球edgeball,touchball擦网球netball采取高姿态showmagnanimity菜篮子工程shoppingbasketprogram参政、议政participateinthemanagementofStateaffairs层层转包和违法分保multi-levelcontractingandillegalsub-contracting差额投票differentailvoting 差额选举competitiveelection茶道sado拆东墙补西墙robPetertopayPaul 禅dhyana产粮大省granaryprovince产品结构productmix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearlyestablishedownership,welldefinedpowerandresponsibility,separatio nofenterprisefromadministration,andscientificmanagement产权制度、产权关系propertyrelations;propertyorder产销直接挂钩directlylinkproductionwithmarketing长二捆LM-2E长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-termcoexistence,mutualsupervision,sinceretreatmentwitheachothera ndthesharingofwealorwoe畅通工程"SmoothTrafficProject"唱高调mouthhigh-soundingwords超高速巨型计算机giantultra-high-speedcomputer超前消费overconsuming,excessiveconsumption城市规划city'slandscapingplan城乡信用社creditcorroborativeinbothurbanandruralareas吃大锅饭egalitarianpracticeof"everybodyeatingfromthesamebigpot"抽杀成功hitthrough筹备委员会preparatorycommittee出风头showoff;inthelimelight出口创汇能力capacitytoearnforeignexchangethroughexports出口退税制度thesystemofrefundingtaxesonexportedgoods出口转内销domesticsalesofcommoditiesorginallyproducedforexports出家pravrajana;cloister创建卫生城市：buildanationallyadvancedcleancity春蕾计划SpringBudsProgram《春秋》SpringandAutumnAnnals从粗放经济转变为集约经济shiftfromextensiveeconomytointensiveeconomy促进全球经济一体化fosterintegrationwiththeglobaleconomy存款保证金guarantymoneyfordepositsD."达标"活动"targethitting"activities打白条issueIOU打黑crackdownonspeculationandprofiteering打破僵局breakthedeadlock打顺手findone'stouch,getintogear,settleintoagroove大包干all-roundresponsibilitysystem大轰动blockbuster大力扣杀hammer 大路货staplegoods大满贯grandslam大款tycoon大排挡sidewalksnackbooth大事化小，小事化了tryfirsttomaketheirmistakesoundlessseriousandthentoreduceittonothingat all大胜whitewash大腕topnotch大要案majorandseriouscriminalcases 大专生juniorcollegestudent大专文凭associatedegree大藏经Tripitaka 带薪分流assignredundantcivilservantstootherjobswhileallowingthemtoretaintheiror iginalrankandbenefits待岗awaitjobassignment,post-waiting待业job-waiting单循环制singleround-robinsystem盗用公款embezzlement 单刀赴会startasolorun倒计时countdowm倒爷profiteer等外品off-gradegoods,rejects第二产业secondaryindustry第一发球权firstinning 第一发球员firstserver第一双打firstpair地方保护主义regionalprotectionism地方财政包干制systemwherebylocalauthoritiestakefullresponsibilityfortheirfinances地区差异regionaldisparity点子公司consultancycompany电话号码升位upgradetelephonenumber电话会议teleconference电视直销TVhomeshopping吊球dropshot吊销执照revokelicense定向培训trainingforspecificposts豆腐渣"工程jerry-builtproject独立核算工业企业independentaccountingunit(enterprise)"渡假外交"holiday-makingdiplomacy短期债务floatingdebt对外招商attractforeigninvestment队长袖标(足球）skipper'sarmband多党合作制multi-partyco-operationinexercisingStatepower多任务小卫星smallmulti-missionsatellite(SMMS)夺冠takethecrownE.恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二板市场(创业板市场）secondboardonthecountry'sstockmarket二流选手scrub,second-raterF.发展不平衡disparatedevelopment法治国家acountryundertheruleoflaw法制国家astatewithanadequatelegalsystem翻两番quadruple反败为胜bringaboutacompleteturnabout,pulloutofthefire防洪工程flood-preventionproject放高球lob飞行药检spotcheck费改税transformadministrativefeesintotaxes分流repositionofredundantpersonnel分期付款installmentpayment（产品）分销subunderwriting,distribution锋利扣杀razor-sharpsmash封闭式基金close-endedfund封杀出局forceout封圣canonizationof"Saints"福利彩票welfarelotteries福利分房welfare-orientedpublichousingdistributionsystem扶贫povertyalleviation 覆盖率coveragerate复式住宅compoundapartmentG.改制上市：Anenterpriseisre-organizedaccordingtomoderncorporatesystemsothatitwillgetlistedonthestockmarket.干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化maketheranksofcadresmorerevolutionary,youngerinaverageage,bettereduc atedandprofessionallymorecompetent高层次、全方位的对话high-levelandall-directionaldialogue高产优质highyieldandhighquality高级商务师CertifiedBusinessExecutive高难度动作stunner,stunt高新技术产业开发区highandnewtechnologyindustrialdevelopmentzone(公路）隔离带median根本政治制度fundamentalpoliticalsystem个人收入应税申报制度thesystemofthedeclarationofindividualincomesfortaxpayment"各就位""Onyourmarks!"跟踪审计follow-upauditing工商局industrialandcommercialbureau工业园区industrialpark公积金publicaccumulationfunds,publicreservefunds公款吃喝recreationalactivitiesusingpublicfunds公正、公平、公开just,fairandopen 共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-partycooperationandpoliticalconsultationundertheleadershipofCom munistParty国产化率importsubstitutionrate;localizationrateofpartsandcomponents国防动员体制themobilizationfornationaldefense国际惯例internationalcommonpractice《国际先驱论坛报》InternationalHeraldTribune国家经济体制改革委员会theStateCommissionforRestructuringtheEconomicSystems国家一级保护first-gradeStateprotection国库券treasurybonds过度开垦excessreclamationH.海湾战争综合症thecomplexitiesoftheGulfWar豪赌unrestrainedgambling好事不出门，恶事传千里Goodnewsnevergoesbeyondthegate,whilebadnewsspreadfarandwide.好出风头的运动员exhibitionist,grandstander好莱坞大片Hollywoodblockbuster"好球""Strike"合理引导消费guiderationalconsumption合议庭collegiatebench黑店gangsterinn宏观调控macro-controlefforts红包（中）redpapercontainingmoneyasagift,(贬)bribe,kickback环太平洋地区PacificRim后防空虚leavethedefenseexposed胡子工程long-drawn-outproject(aprojectwhichtakessolongthatyoungworkersbecom ebearded)虎父无犬子Awisegooseneverlaysatameegg.户口管理制度domicilesystem,residenceregistrationsystem户主headofahousehold护身法宝amulet华表ornamentalcolumn/cloudpillar/stele华盖canopy"坏球""Ball"还俗resumesecularlife,unfrock"黄、赌、毒"pornography,gamblinganddrugabuseandtrafficking黄金时段primetime 挥棒swing挥棒不中fan灰色收入incomefrommoonlighting汇丰银行HongKongandShangHaiBankingCorporation婚外恋extramaritallove活到老，学到老Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.货币回笼withdrawalofcurrencyfromcirculationJ.机构臃肿overstaffinginorganizations(government)基本路线要管一百年Thebasiclinemustbefollowedunswervinglyforaverylongtimetocome.基本国情fundamentalrealitiesofthecountry基层民主democracyatthegrassrootslevel基层组织organizationsatthegrass-rootslevel绩优股bluechip激烈竞争cut-throatcompetition吉祥物mascot缉私力量theforcesengagedinthefightagainstsmuggling集体婚礼collectiveweddingceremony集中精力把经济建设搞上去goalloutforeconomicdevelopment计划生育责任制responsibilitysystemoffamilyplanning计算机中央处理器centralprocessingunit(CPU)记者席pressbox技术下乡spreadtechnologicalknowledgetofarmers嘉宾distinguishedguest,honoredguest加班workextrashifts加密encrypt加强舆论监督ensurethatthecorrectorientationismaintainedinpublicopinion家庭联产承包责任制thehouseholdcontractresponsibilitysystem假唱lip-synch假动作deception,feint甲骨文inscriptionsonoraclebones假日经济holidayeconomy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persistinreunification,opposeseparation,increaseunderstandingandironout differences监督部门watchdog尖端产品highlysophisticatedproducts剪彩cuttheribbon剪刀差thescissorsgapbetweenthepricesof...and...减负alleviateburdensonsb.减员增效downsizingforefficiency;cutpayrolltoimproveefficiency讲诚信，反欺诈：honorcredibilityandopposecheating脚踩两只船sitonthefence脚踏实地bedown-to-earth侥幸球fluke接口interface解放生产力emancipatetheproductiveforces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线ideologicallineofemancipatingthemindandseekingtruthfromfacts结售汇制度thesystemofexchange,settlementandsales戒毒所drugrehabilitationcenter戒急用忍overcomeimpetuosityandexercisepatience金本位goldstandard金边债券gilt-edgedbonds金刚经VajraSutra|金降落伞goldenparachute紧箍咒inhibitingmagicphrase紧密型企业集团tightly-knitgroupsofenterprises紧追clingto,shadow,thunderonone'strail近海渔业offshorefishery进出口商会chamberofimportandexporttrade进口渗透importpenetration禁渔期closedfishingseasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibitanynuclearweapontestexplosionwhichreleasesnuclearenergyatany placeandinanyenvironment经常项目顺差favorablebalanceofcurrentaccount,surplusofcurrentaccount经常性贷款commerciallending经常性支出runningexpenses经济林cashtree经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modernbigenterprisewithhighlyscientificmanagementsystem精简机构streamlinegovernmentorgans京剧票友PekingOperafan景泰蓝cloisonné劲射powershot竣工式completionceremonyK.卡丁车kart开放式基金open-endedfund开工不足enterprisesrunningundertheirproductioncapacity坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争WartoResistUSAggressionandAidKorea抗震棚quake-proofshelter考研takepartintheentranceexamsforpostgraduateschools科技成果转化为生产力transferofscientificandtechnologicalachievements科技含量technologycontent科技是第一生产力Scienceandtechnologyconstituteaprimaryproductiveforce.科教兴国relyonscienceandeducationtorejuvenatethenation可持续发展sustainabledevelopment空头支票accommodationnote,lipservice控股公司holdingcompany扣帽子putalabelon跨实际工程atrans-centuryproject 亏损企业enterprisesrunninginthered/underdeficit困难职工theneedy国民党KuomintangL.垃圾债券junkbond拉动经济增长fueleconomicgrowth 拉拉队cheeringsquad拉拉队长cheer-leader,rooterking拉关系trytocurryfavorwith劳动合同制laborcontractsystem老字号anoldandfamousshoporenterprise"篱笆墙"barriers/blockagetointer-regionaltrading礼仪小姐ritualgirl利改税substitutionoftaxpaymentforprofitdelivery利基niche立体农业three-dimensionalagriculture联合联络小组jointliaisongroup廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府anhonest,diligent,pragmaticandefficientgovernment廉洁奉公，以正治国(ofanofficial)cleananddevoted,andgovernthestatewithhisownexampleofup rightness联合兼并conglomerationandmergerofenterprises联合投标syndicatedtender联想集团LegendGroup练摊tobeavendor粮食收购部门(government's)grainprocurement(purchasing)agencies粮油关系：grainandoilrationingregistration两岸直航促进会AssociationforPromotionofCross-StraitsDirectTransportation两弹一艇A-bomb,H-bombandnuclear-poweredsubmarine"两个对等的政治实体""twoequalpoliticalentities两个文明一起抓placeequalemphasisonmaterialandethicalprogress"两思"（致富思源，富而思进）tothinkofthesourceofgettingrichandofmakingprogressafterbecomingafflue nce老少边穷地区formerrevolutionarybaseareas,areasinhabitedbyminoritynationalities,rem oteandborderareasandpoverty-strickenareas猎头公司head-huntingcompany临时主教练caretakercoach领头羊bellwether留职停薪retainthejobbutsuspendthesalary留学咨询：consultingonthestudyabroad流动人口transientpopulation乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarrantedpoolingoffunds,arbitraryrequisitionofdonationsandexactionof feesfromenterprises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrarycharges,fund-raisingquotasandfines《论语》AnalectsofConfucius 裸机：baremobilephone绿地覆盖率forestcoveragerate绿化afforestationM.满意度degreeofsatisfaction盲流和倒流人员transientfromthecountryside帽子戏法hattrick买一送一two-for-oneoffer,buyonegetonefree门前三包beresponsibleforgeneralsanitation,greencoveringandkeepinggoodsocialord erinadesignatedareaoutsidetheunitbuilding朦胧诗mistypoetry民工潮farmers'frenziedhuntforworkincities民进党DemocraticProgressiveParty 民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communistparties,federationsofindustryandcommerce,personageswit houtpartyaffiliation民族凝聚力nationalcohesion民族委员会ethnicaffairscommission明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transparentconsumption磨洋工dawdlealongN.纳米nanometer囊括completeasweep耐用消费品durableconsumeritems(goods)南水北调South-to-Northwaterdiversion能官能民bereadytobothserveasanofficalandbeoneofthecommonpeople能上网的手机WAPphone内耗in-fighting年同比year-on-year;onanannualbasis年夜饭familyreuniondinner扭转局面reversethetide,turnthetable农村剩余劳动力surplusrurallabour(labourers)O.P.跑龙套utilityman泡沫经济bubbleeconomy配股allotmentofshares配套政策supportingpolicies碰钉子getsnubbed疲软股票softstock皮包公司boguscompany票贩子scalper,tickettout骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtainforeigncurrencyandfalsepretenses,notturnoverforeigncurrencyowed tothegovernmentandillegalarbitrage贫富悬殊polarizationofrichandpoor瓶颈制约bottleneckrestrictions扑网rush-up,rushingQ.起跑器block千代田寿险公司（日本）ChiyodaMutualLifeInsuranceCo.抢跑falsestart,beatthegun亲民党PeopleFirstParty屈体jackknife,pike全能冠军all-aroundwinner全球通globalsystemformobilecommunications拳头产品competitiveproducts;knock-outproducts;blockbusterR.绕圈子beataroundthebush人才流失braindrain人浮于事overstaffing人工智能artificialintelligence(AI)人机交互human-computerinteraction人类免疫缺陷病毒HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus(HIV)人情债debtofgratitude任意球freekick融资渠道financingchannels入水时水花很少cleanentry软新闻softnewsS.三八线38thParallel三步走战略thethree-stepdevelopmentstrategy三大作风theParty'sthreeimportantstylesofwork(integratingtheorywithpractice,forgi ngcloselinkswiththemassesandpracticingself-criticism"三个代表""threerepresents"theory(ThePartyshouldalwaysrepresentthedevelopmen tneedsofChina'sadvancedsocialproductiveforces,alwaysrepresenttheonwar ddirectionofChina'sadvancedculture,andalwaysrepresentthefundamentalin terestsofthelargestmemberoftheChinesepeople.)三个有利于"threefavorables"(whetheritpromotesthegrowthoftheproductiveforcesinas ocialistsociety,increasestheoverallstrenthofthesocialiststateandraisesthepe ople'slivingstandards三好学生meritstudent"三讲"教育（讲学习、讲政治、讲正气）"threeemphases"education(tostresstheoreticalstudy,politicalawarenessan dgoodconduct)三角债chaindebt三通threedirectlinksoftrade,mail,andairandshippingservicesacrosstheTaiwanStr aits三通一平"threesuppliesandoneleveling";supplyofwater,electricityandroadandlevele dground(conditionsreadyforfurthereconomicdevelopment)三下乡aprogramunderwhichofficials,doctors,scientistandcollegestudentsgotothec ountrysidetospreadscientificandliteracyknowledgeandoffermedicalservicet ofarmers三字经three-characterscripture"扫黄"、"打非"eliminatepornographyandillegalpublications《山海经》theClassicofMountainsandRivers商检局CommodityInspectionBureau商品条码barcode上市tobelisted少数服从多数、下级服从上级、局部服从全体、全党服从中央theminorityissubordinatetothemajority,thelowerleveltothehigherlevel,the parttothewholeandtheentiremembershipofthePartytotheCentralCommitte e社会热点问题hotspotsofsociety社会治安情况publicsecuritysituation 审时度势sizeupthesituation渗透、颠覆和分裂活动infiltrative,subversiveandsplittistactivities《生死抉择》"LiveorDie"生态农业environmental-friendlyagriculture失学儿童dropout实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practiceisthesolecriterionfortestingtruth.实体经济therealeconomy实现中华民伟大复兴bringaboutagreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation实行国民待遇grantthenationaltreatmentto实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质promotionoffamilyplanningtocontrolthepopulationsizeandimprovetheheal thofthepeople实现小康目标toachievethegoalofensuringourpeoplearelativecomfortablelife市场疲软sluggishmarket市场准入marketaccess适度从紧的财政政策moderatelytightfinancialpolicy适销对路的产品readilymarketableproducts手机入网费mobileaccessfee受灾地区disaster-affectedare售后服务after-saleservices树立企业良好形象fosteragoodandhealthycompanyimage涮羊肉instant-boiledmutton双刃剑double-edgedsword水货smuggledgoods水墨画Chinesebrushdrawing;inkandwashpainting思乡曲Nostalgia思想僵铁fossilizedconcept四项基本原则theFourCardinalPrinciplesofadherencetothesocialistroad,thepeople'sdemo craticdictatorship,theleadershipoftheCommunistPartyofChina,andMarxism -LeninismandMaoZedongThought素质教育educationforall-arounddevelopmentT.弹性外交elasticdiplomacy套利arbitrage提高农产品收购价格thegovernment'sincreaseinitsprocurementprices(forfarmproducts)铁饭碗ironricebowl统一市场singlemarket统一税flattax,consolidatedtax同乡会anassociationoffellowprovincialsortownsmen筒子楼：tube-shapedapartment偷税漏税taxevasion偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税taxevasion,taxfraud,andrefusaltopaytaxes投手pitcher透过现象看本质seethroughtheappearancetoperceivetheessence团身bunchupthebody推广科研成果turninglaboratoryachievementsintocommercial/massproduction;commerci alizationoflaboratoryachievements退耕还林还草grainforgreen脱贫castoffpoverty脱手releasegripW.汪辜会谈WangDaohan-KooChen-fuTalks(Wang-Kootalks)网络出版onlinepublishing 网上冲浪surftheInternet稳定压倒一切Maintainingstabilityisoftoppriority维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguardhumanrightsandsteadilyimprovethehumanrightssituation伪劣产品fakeandshoddyproducts卫冕世界冠军reigningworldchampion屋顶花园roofgarden无氟冰箱freon-freerefrigerator无人售票self-serviceticketing无线应用协议WAP（wirelessapplicationprotocol）物价局PriceBureau物业管理estatemanagement,propertymanagementX.西部大开发WestDevelopment吸收游资absorbidlefund希望工程ProjectHope喜忧参半mingledhopeandfear洗钱moneylaundering下放权力给delegatingthemanagementof...(to...)下岗laid-offworkers下海plungeintothecommercialsea下网offline险胜cliff-hangingwin,narrowvictory,noseout县改市：countyupgradedtocity县级市：county-levelcity现代企业制度modernenterprisesystem;moderncorporatesystem向钱看mammonism,putmoneyaboveall项目立项：approveandinitiateaproject 消费信贷consumercreditservices削减战略核武器会谈strategicarmsreductiontalks(START)小康acomfortablelevelofliving;abetter-offlife;moderateprosperity新秀up-and-comingstar,risingstar信息港inforport信息化informationize信用紧缩creditcrunch形象小姐/先生imagerepresentativeofaproductorabrand虚拟网virtualnet选举权和被选举权therighttovoteandtherighttobeelected徇私枉法bendthelawforthebenefitofrelativesorfriendsY.压水花技术ripentry压线(口令)Line!严打斗争Strike-HardOperation,campaigntocrackdownrelentlesslyoncriminalactivitie s阳春（最经济方式）no-frills羊肉串小摊barbecuestall养老金pension 摇钱树cashcow药物检查dopecontrol,drugtesting一式两联(receiptorinvoice)induplicate一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明；一手抓经济建设，一手抓民主法制；一手抓改革开放，一手抓打击犯罪惩治腐败Wemustalwaysworkformaterialprogressandatthesametimeforculturalande thicalprogress;Weshoulddeveloptheeconomyandatthesametimestrengthe ndemocracyandthelegalsystem;Weshouldpromotereformandopeningtotheoutsideworldandatthesametimefightcrimeandpunishcorruption.以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展thepatternwiththepublicsectorremainingdominantanddiversesectorsofthe economydevelopingsidebyside以经济建设为中心focusingonthecentraltaskofeconomicconstruction以谋略制胜outmaneuver以权谋私abuseofpowerforpersonalgains以人为本peopleoriented;peopleforemost以质量求生存、求发展、求效益striveforsurvival,developmentandefficiencyonthebasisofequality义和团运动BoxerUprising义务兵役制compulsorymilitaryservice,conscription义务教育compulsoryeducation义演收入proceedsfrombenefitperformmance 易拉罐。
(完整版)英文写作术语大全
表达有力的变化（思维）平等化 进一步详尽阐述
electronic news media电子新闻媒体
cross-cultural writing culture curriculum vitae
复合
相关性
迂腐英语
跨文化写作
文化
简历
dangling modifier悬垂修饰语dash破折号dateline写信日期栏
emphatic structure强调性结构
内涵意义
逻辑意识
致性
选词一致性
辅音
商谈体
内容
语境
省略
对比法
主要思想， 词性转换表达法 共现
复合句连词
domestication归化法
drably draft
表达干巴
草稿
effect-cause development由果到因发展法effective paragraph表述有力的段落
effective sentence effective variety egalitarian elaboration
directions题义指令
discourse pattern篇章模式distance from tone语调产生距离，偏离计划主题division分析分类法
documenting the paper论文引证domesticating strategy归化战略
connotative meaning conscious logic consistency consistent diction consonant
英文写作术语大全（中英文对照）
abstract words
抽象词
acknowledgement
作文常用专业性术语积累
作文常用专业性术语积累英文回答：To accumulate a list of commonly used professionalterms for writing essays, it is important to focus on the specific field or subject area. Here are some general examples of professional terms that can be used in various disciplines:1. In the field of business and economics:ROI (Return on Investment): a measure of theprofitability of an investment.SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats): a framework for evaluating the internal and external factors affecting a business.GDP (Gross Domestic Product): the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a specific period.Supply chain management: the management of the flow of goods and services from the point of origin to the point of consumption.2. In the field of medicine and healthcare:EHR (Electronic Health Record): a digital version of a patient's medical history.HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act): a U.S. law that protects the privacy of patients' health information.Clinical trial: a research study that tests the safety and effectiveness of new medical treatments.Telemedicine: the remote delivery of healthcare services using telecommunications technology.3. In the field of technology and computer science:AI (Artificial Intelligence): the simulation of human intelligence in machines.IoT (Internet of Things): the network of physical devices, vehicles, and other objects embedded with sensors and software that enable them to connect and exchange data.Algorithm: a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing a task.Cybersecurity: the protection of computer systems and networks from digital attacks.中文回答：要积累一份常用的专业术语列表，用于写作文章，首先需要关注特定的领域或学科。
英语论文中常用词汇和短语[精品]
![英语论文中常用词汇和短语[精品]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7251d29f312b3169a551a44d.png)
英语论文中常用词汇和短语[精品] 英语论文中常用词汇和短语差别gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup differenceNo statistically significant differences in survival were found for MMC or MPMA. AlthoughMMC and MPMA decreased with increasing nuclear grade and TNM stage,this difference failed to achieve statistical significance.存在，出现occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful方法approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率Incidence, frequency, prevalenceIn contrast with regions of high incidence, the mutation spectrumdid not show a high prevalence of mutations at A:T base pairs.发现，阐明，报道，证实verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize,clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal,display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply,disclose，report,describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening，isolation改变change, alteration,高，增加high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种in multiple types of neoplasia, in various types of apoptosis, in a variety of tumors关系，相关，参与closely involved in, associated,广泛的in an extensive survey进行conducte， perform, carry out,降，少，缺decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression,deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completelyabsent, frequently lost or down-expressed, presented discontinuous andweaker expression, completely negative, was not detectable ordramatically reduced, very faint, was undetectable or barelydetectable, no expression was found,角色，起作用role, part (limited, potential, early, possible role)，serve antiapoptotic functions可能性feasibility密切地intimately难理解的，似谜的enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的potential, candidate, putative,缩写abbreviations识别，辨别discernment事件Metastasis to the liver is a common event in clinical oncology.a putative tumor initiating eventa (more, extremely, highly, rather, fairly) common initial,a common event in the signal transduction mechanisms of, in the signal transduction processesa common event associated with the mechanisms ofa common early event in responses of, after high-dose chemotherapya common event following gestational exposure to immunotoxicantsa common event (that occurs) during apoptosis is……acommon event during oncogenic transformation, in neoplastictransformation that directly or indirectly involves activation ofspecific tyrosine kinase signaling pathways a common event through whicha common event in vivoa rather common event of unknown biological significancea common event resulting from heterogeneous aberrationsa common event regardless of histological subtyping, but does not bear any pejorative significancea common event contributing toarare, common, prerequisite, central, major, transient,initiation,stressful, critical, crucial, secondary, independent, regulatory,early, earlier, late, later, subsequent, circumstantial, untoward,upstream, irreversible, very frequent event提供，帮助provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in 调节(失调，上调，下调)dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation,推测 presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction (推论)无所不在地(表达，如MEN1)ubiquitously显著,优先的prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong,striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential,prevalence, prevalent,相关性related, more relevant with ，the relevance ofno intergroup difference，irrespective ofThere was no significant correlation to gender, age, clinical symptoms, histology, T or N status, TNM stage, or tumor location.Neither eNOS nor nNOS expression was associated with vascular density, tumor grade or the TNM status of the tumors.No correlations were found between bFGF and age, menopausal status, TNM or pTNM, histology, SBR grading or steroid receptors.wedid not find any correlation between bax expression and anyclinicopathologic parameters(sex, age, TNM status, tumor grade,histological type).相同，同等并列The coordinated induction of all three FOXO3a targets prompted us to examine the statusof FOXO3a itselfwith a similar pattern to协同，加强synergize with研究analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial,observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigationinto, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine,test, assess, evaluate, explore,一致which is in accord with the resultswhich corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常aberration, abnormality重要crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反On the contrary,In contrary,but quite on the contraryin sharp contrast,contrary to what would be expected Contrary to the expectation that Contrary to previous beliefs, Contrary to the hypothesis,Contrary to current popular truisms Contrary to current cognitive theories, However, contrary to expectation,…….Contrary to predictions,…in contrast to previous observations…Contrary to prediction,……Contrary to most previous claims, 与一起in combination with, coupled with 由于、鉴于In light ofIn view that常用翻译技巧转自[译天下]英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
文论术语中英对照表
文论术语中英对照表英、法、德部分A《A map of misreading》《误读的地图》Ableben der kunst艺术的终结Abrams,Meyer Howard阿勃拉姆斯Abstractism抽象论Absurd荒诞Act行为Actant行为体Acte de discours话语行为Action动作Adaptation改编Adaquate konkretisation恰当的具体化Adorno, Theodot Weisengrund阿多尔诺Affective fallacy感受谬见Affinity类同Alexandrin亚历山大体Alienation异化Allegory寓言Allegorical symbol寓言式象征Alliteration头韵Allusion引喻Althusser, Louis阿尔杜塞Ambiguity含混American school美国学派Analogy类比Analyse de contenu内容分析Analyse de texte文本分析Analyse litteraire文学分析Analyse semantique语义分析Analyse structurale结构分析Analytical/non-analytical分解性符号链/非分解性signchain符号链Anaphora首语重复法Anapest抑抑扬格《Anatomy of Criticism》《批评的剖析》Anchoring锚定Animus und anima男性潜倾和女性潜倾Anthology选集Anthroponym人素Anti-climax反高潮Antiheros反英雄Anti-intellectualism反智性Anti-kunst反艺术Antinarratve反叙述Antinaturalism反自然主义Antiquarianism复古主义Anxiety of influence影响焦虑Apllonian spirit日神精神Apocalyptic启示性Apocrypha集外拾遗Appellstruktur召唤结构Applikation运用Appropriation据为己有Arcadianism阿卡迪亚情调Archaism仿古Archetyp原型Aristoteles亚里士多德Arnold, Matthew阿诺德,马修《Art poetica》《诗艺》Art as device作为技巧的艺术Artistic beauty艺术美《Art poetique》《诗的艺术》Art pour art为艺术而艺术Aside旁白Association联想Assonance半谐韵Assonance不完全韵《Asthetik》《美学》Asthetische bildung审美陶冶Asthetische distanz美感距离Asthetische erfahrung审美经验《Asthetische Erfahrung uad Literarische Hermeneutik》《审美经验与文学阐释学》《Asthetische Theorie》《美学理论》Augustinus, Aurelius奥古斯丁Ausdruck表达Authentity本真性Autobiography自传Autobiographical novel自传体小说Automoner komplex自主情结Autonomie der kunst艺术的自律性A vant-garde先锋派A vant-texte前文本BBacon, Francis培根,费兰西斯Ballad歌谣Barthes, Roland巴尔特,罗朗Baudelaire, Charles波德莱尔Beauty美Begining rhyme起韵Behavourist begining行为主义式开场法Belles-lettres美文学Benjamin, Walter本雅明Biographical critic ism传记批评Black humour黑色幽默《Black Qrpheus》《黑肤的奥尔甫斯》Blank verse素体诗《Blindness and Insight》《盲目与悟解》Bloch, Ernst布洛赫Bloom, Harold布鲁姆Boileau, Nicolas布瓦洛Booth, Wayne布思Borrowing借用Bound motif束缚母题Brecht, Bertolt布莱希特Brooks,Cleanth布鲁克斯Brunetiere, Ferdinand布吕纳介Bucolic田园风味Burke,Kenneth勃克Burlesque谐谑模仿CCaesure停顿Cartesianism笛卡尔主义Cassirer, Ernst卡西尔Catalog排列Catalyser催化单元Catastrophe结局Catharsis宣泄Causal sequence因果序Chain verse连环诗Channel渠道Chanson de geste武功歌Chapelain, Jean夏泼兰Chiasmus交叉排比《Chinese character as medium for poetry》《作为诗歌手段的中国文字》Chinoiserie中国风Chronical play编年史剧Chrononym时素Climax高潮Cloak and dagger阴谋小说Cloak and sword剑侠传奇Closet drama书案剧Co-textual context共存文本语境Code信码Coincidence巧合Coleridge, Samuel Taylor柯勒律治,萨缪尔·泰勒Collage拼贴Collective foculization集体视角式Comedy of manners风俗喜剧Comic relief喜剧穿插Commentary评论Comparative literature比较文学Comparative poetics比较诗学Compound narrator复合叙述者Computational stylistics数理风格学Conative意动性Conceit曲喻Context语境Contextualism语境论Contrapuntal对位式Contrast对比Convention常规Conventionality规约性Cousin,V ictor库赞Crane, R.S.克莱恩,R.S.Crenologie渊源学Critical distance批评距离《Criticism and Ideology》《批评与意识形态》Croce, Benedetto克罗齐Crown of sonnets皇冠十四行诗Cubic poetry立体诗Cult value崇拜价值DDactyl扬抑抑格Dante, Alighieri但丁Das asthetische objekt审美对象Das asthetische erlebnis审美体验Dasein此在《Das Literarische Kunst-werk》《文学艺术作品》《Das Prinzip der Hoffnung》《希望的原则》Das selbst自性De Man, Paul德曼Dead space空档Decentering of subjectivity主体分化Decoding解码Decorum合体Deep-structure深层结构Demystification非神话化Denudation剥离Der funkionale realismus功能现实主义Der hermeneutische zirkel阐释的循环Der implizite leser隐在的读者《Der Implizite Leser》《隐在的读者》Derrida, Jacques德里达Description描写Desemantization消义化Diachronic历时性Diachronische analyse历时性分析Diary fiction日记体小说Dichotomy对立式《Dichter und Phantasie》《诗人与幻想》“Dictionary”interpretation“词典”式释义Diderot, Denis狄德罗《Die Beziehung Zwischen Dichter und Tagtraum》《诗人与白昼梦的关系》《Die Eigenart des Asthetischen》《审美特性》Die frankfurter schule法兰克福学派《Die Geburt der Tragodie》《悲剧的诞生》《Die welt als wille und vorstellung》《作为意志和表象的世界》Differentia of literature文学特异性Dilthey, wilhelm狄尔泰Dime novel一角钱小说Dimeter双音步诗行Dionysian spirit酒神精神Direct free form直接自由式Direct quoted form直接引语式Directory指点Disclosure去蔽Discourse讲述《Discours surl'art Paetique》《关于诗歌艺术的演讲》《Discours surle style》《论风格》Disengagement脱身Dissociation of sensibility感觉解体Distortion of duration时长变形Doggerel打油诗Doxologie流传学Dramatism戏剧化《Du Sublime》《论崇高》Dynamic motif动力性母题EEagleton,Terry伊格尔顿《Eckermann:Gesprach mit Goethe》《和爱克曼的谈话录》Ecole de geneve日内瓦学派《Economic and philosophic Manuscripts of 1844》《1844年经济学哲学手稿》Ecriture automatique自动写作Ego自我Einfuhlung;Empathy移情Elegy挽诗Eliot,T.S.艾略特Ellipsis省略Emotive情绪性Empson,William燕卜荪Encoding编码Encomium赞诗“Encyclopedia”interpretation“百科式”释义Endogene bilder内生图象End-rhyme尾韵Engels, Fridrich恩格斯Enjambement跨行Erlebnis体验Enonce表述Enonciation表述行为英Enonciation/utterance法表述/被表述Enonciation/enonceEntkunstung非艺术化Envelope structure封套结构Epigram警句Epiphany灵悟Epistolary fiction书信体小说Epithalamium,epithalamion婚后诗Epoch时代Erwartungshorizont期待视野Euphuism游浮体Evaluative commentary评价性评论Exhibition V alue展览价值Expectation期待Expectation of meaning意义期待Expectation of non-reference非指称化期待Expectation of rhythm节律化期待Expectation of totality整体化期待Explanation/understanding说明/理解Explanatory commentary解释性评论Explication de texte文本解释Explicit ellipsis明省略Explicit narrator现身叙述者Extra-textual elements超文本成分Eye-rhyme目韵Eye-rhyme视韵FFable寓言Fallacy of communication传达谬见Fairy-tale童话Fait social社会事实Farce笑剧Feminine rhyme阴韵Feminist criticism女权主义批评Fest节日Fields of semiotics符号学领域分科Fish, Stanley Eugene费什Flashback倒述Flashforward预述Flat character扁平人物“Fly-on-the-wall”technique“墙上苍蝇”式叙述法Focalization叙述角度Focus character视角人物Folklore民间传说Folktale民间故事Followability可追踪性Foregrounding前推Foreshadowing伏笔Form形式Formalism形式主义Fortune际遇Foucault,Michel福柯,米歇尔Fourteener七音步十四音节Frame story框架故事Framework-story连环故事France,Anatole法朗士Free motif自由母题Free verse自由诗French school法国学派French poststructuralist法国后结构主义符号学派Freud,Sigmund弗洛伊德Freytag pyramid弗雷塔格金字塔Function功能Function功能体GGadamer,Hans Georg迦达默尔General literature总体文学Generation代Genetic fallacy发生谬见Genette,Gerard惹奈特,杰Genre文类Genology文类学Gesellschaftlichkeit der Kunst艺术的社会性Gesellschaftliche rezeption社会接受Gesellschaftliche vermittelung社会中介Gestalt 格式塔Gestaltgesetze格式塔规律Gestaltqualitat格式塔质Gide,Andre纪德Gnomic verse格言诗Goldmann,Lucien戈德曼Gongorism贡古拉文风Gothic novel哥特小说Grotesque怪诞Greimas,Algidas Julien格雷马斯HHabermas,Jurgen哈贝马斯Half-rhyme半韵Half-rhyme腰韵Heiddeger,Martin海德格尔Heresy of paraphrase意释误说Hermeneutik阐释学Heroic couplet英雄双韵诗Hexameter六音步诗行High comedy高雅喜剧Higher narrative level高叙述层次Hirsch,Eric Donald Jr赫什Histoire litteraire文学史Historical narration历史叙述/文学叙述Holland,Norman N.霍兰德Horizont视界Horizont verschmelzung视界融合Hulme,T.E.休姆Humanism人文主义Humanistic criticism人文主义批评Humor幽默Hymn赞美诗IIamb抑扬格Iconicity象似性Id本我Identif ikationsmuster认同类型Ideologie kritik意识形态批评Image意象Imagination想象Imitation模仿Impersonality非个性化Implicit ellipsis暗省略Implicit lower narrative level隐式低叙述层次Implicit narrator 隐身叙述者Implied author隐指作者Implied metaphor潜喻Implied reader隐指读者Impure poetry不纯诗Impressionistic criticism印象式批评Index指示体Indexical context标示语境Indexicality标示性Indice标记体Indirect free form间接自由式Indirect quoted form间接引语式Individuation个性化Influence影响Influence study影响研究Informant信息体Ingarden, Roman英加登Institution litteraire文学建制Intertextuality互文性Intentional context意图语境Intentional fallacy意图谬见Intentionaler gegenstand意向对象Intentionalitat意向性Interdisciplinary study跨学科研究Interior monologue内心独白Internal rhyme内韵Interpretation阐释《Intuition creatrice en art et en poesie》《艺术和诗的创造性直觉》Irony反讽Ironic commentary反讽性评论Ironic narrative反讽叙述《Is there a text in this class?》《这门课有无文本?》Isomorphie异质同构JJames,Henry詹姆斯,亨利Jameson,Fredric詹姆逊Johnson,Samuel约翰逊,萨缪尔Journal intime内心日记Jung,Carl Gustav荣格Juxtaposition意象并置Juxtaposition并置KKeats,John济慈,约翰Kermode,J.Frank科默德Kollektives unbewaβtes集体无意识Komplex情结Konkrete Poesie具象诗Konkretisation具体化Krieger,Murray克里格Kristeva,Julia克里斯特娃,朱《Kritik der Urteilskraft》《判断力批判》Kulturindustrie文化工业LLa nouvelle critique法国新批评La psychocritique精神批评《La phylosophie de l'art》《艺术哲学》Lacan,Jacques拉康Lament哀诗Language as gesture姿势语论Langue/parole语言/言语Lanson,Gustave朗松,G.Leavis,F.R李维斯Lebenstrieb/eros生本能/性本能Leitmotiv主导母题Leser读者Libido力必多Lichtung澄明Life expression生命表达Link sonnet连韵十四行诗Lisibilite可阅读性Lipps,Theodor李普斯Literalism字面论Local colour地方色彩Low comedy低俗喜剧Lower narrative level低叙述层次Lukacs,Georg卢卡契Lyric抒情诗MMacherey,Pierre马舍雷,彼Macro-semiotic system宏观符号系统Macro-sign宏观符号Macro-text宏观文本Main plot主情节Manipulative narrative操纵式叙述Mannerism矫饰主义Manuscript手写本Marcuse,Hebert马尔库塞Marx, Karl马克思Masculin rhyme阳韵Medium中介Medievalism中世纪精神Melodrama情节剧Memoires fiction回忆录小说Mesologie媒介学Message信息Meta-元Metacriticism元批评《Metahistory》《元历史》Metalanguage元语言Metalingual元语言性Metaphysische qualitat形而上质量Metaphor隐喻Meter音步Metonymy转喻Miller,J. Hillis米勒Mime哑剧Miracle play奇迹剧Mise en scene导演Misreading误读Mock-heroic戏仿英雄体Monodrama独角戏Montage蒙太奇Montivation促动因素Moral criticism道德批评Motif母题Motivation根据性Movement运动Mukarovsky,Jan慕卡洛夫斯基Multiple plot复合情节Musical comedy音乐喜剧Myth神话NNaive dichtang素朴诗Narratee叙述接收者Narrative叙述Narratorial intrusion叙述干预Narrative poem叙事诗Narrative perspective叙述方位Narrative setup叙述格局Narrative stratification叙述分层Narrativity叙述性Narratology叙述学Narrator叙述者Narrativity叙述性Narratorial mediation叙述加工National literature民族文学Naturalization自然化Natural beauty自然美Negative influence负影响Negativitat der kunst艺术的否定性Neologism新词风格New criticism新批评派Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm尼采Nokan,Charles诺康Non-referential pseudostatement非指称性伪陈述Non-significant system无意义组合Northrop Frye诺思洛普·弗莱Novel长篇小说Novella中篇小说Nucleus核心单元OObjective criticism客观批评Octave rima八行诗Ode颂诗Odipuscomplex俄底浦斯情结Omniscient narrative全知式叙述《On Modern Novel》《现代小说》《On Dramatic Art》《论戏剧艺术》Onomatopoeia拟声Ontological criticism本体式批评Open-ended开放结尾式Opera歌剧Organism有机论Ostranenie陌生化Overcoding附加解码Overstatement夸大陈述PPalindrome回文Panegyric颂文Pantheism泛神论Paradigm纵聚合系Paradox悖论Paralipses假省笔法Parallel study平行研究Paraphrasability可意释性Paratextual elements类文本成分Parole言语Parody戏仿Passion play耶稣受难剧Pastiche仿作Pastoral牧歌Pater,Walter佩特,沃尔特Pathetic fallacy感情误置Pathos哀婉感受Pause停顿Periphrasis迂回Period时期Persona人格面具Personliches unbewates个人无意识Perspective of incongruity不相容透视Phatic交际性《Phenomenologie de l'experience esthetique》《审美经验现象学》Phrase rhythm词组节奏Picaresque novel流浪汉小说Pirated edition盗版Platon柏拉图Platonism柏拉图主义Plot情节Plotinus普洛丁Plot typology情节类型学Poetic licence诗歌特权Poetic drama 诗剧Poetic truth诗歌真理《Poetics》《诗学》Poetique de lespace 空间诗学Poetry诗Poetry of inclusion包容诗Poetry of exclusion排它诗Point of view视点Poulet, Georges布莱Polyphone harmonie复调和谐Pope,Alexander蒲柏,亚历山大Pornography色情文学Possible worlds可能世界Post-structuralism后结构主义Pound, Ezra庞德Pragmatics符用学Prague school布拉格学派Preciosite高雅Pre-text前文本Prinzip der aquivalerz等值原则Prinzip der entropie均衡原则Private symbol私设象征Problem novel问题小说Problem play问题剧Production of art艺术生产Projektion投射propagandism宣传Prosody诗律Prothalamion婚前诗Proverb格言Proverb谚语Provincialism外省风格Proust, Marcel普鲁斯特Psychische energie心理能Psychische funktion心理功能Psychische valenz心理值Psychische zustand心态Psychological context心理语境Psychological fiction心理小说Psychological realism心理现实主义Psychologische und心理型和幻想型illusionarer typPsychologische rezeptionsforschung接受心理分析Psychologische typen心理类型Psychologism心理主义Public symbol公共象征Pulp magazine fiction廉价杂志小说Pun双关语Pure poetry纯诗QQualisign/sinsign/legisign形符/单符/义符Qualitative knowledge质的知识Qualitative progression质性进展Querelle des anciens ermodernes古今之争RRationalism理性主义Rational and perceptual理性与感性Raymond Williams维廉斯·雷蒙德Ransom, John Crowe兰色姆Reader-response criticism读者反应批评Realismo magico魔幻现实主义Referential指称性Reflection/nachdenken反思Reification物化Repetition重复Repetition复述Replica复制Reported speech转述语Reproduction复制Resemantization再义化Revenge tragedy复仇悲剧Rezeptionsasthetik接受美学Rezeptionsvorgabe接受前提Rhapsody狂诗Rhyme韵Rhythm节奏Richards.I.A.瑞恰慈Riviere,Jacques里维埃,J.Rohstoff素材Romanaclef影射小说Roman noir/Gothic novel黑色小说/哥特小说Romantic irony浪漫式反讽Round character圆形人物Rousseau,Jean-Jacques卢梭,让-雅Ruskin John拉斯金·约翰SSage 英雄传奇Said,Edward W.赛义德Saint Thomas Aquinas托马斯·阿奎那Sainte-Beuve,Charles Augustin圣伯夫Sapphics萨福体Sartre,Jean-Paul萨特Saussure,Ferdinand de索绪尔,费德Scene场景Schatten阴影Schematisierte ansichten轮廓化图象Schichtenaufbau层次构造Schleiermacher, Friedrich Ernst Daniel施莱尔马赫Schoppenhauer,Arthur叔本华Science fiction科幻小说Scientific criticism科学化批评Scriptible/lisibe可写式/可读式Secondary system二度体系Semanalysis符号分析学Semantics符义学Semantique poetique诗歌语义学Semantique structurale结构语义学Semiosis符指过程Semiotics符号学Sensibility感性Sentimentalische dichtung感伤诗Sentimentalism感伤主义Sequence deformation时序变形《Seven Types of Ambiguity》《含混的七种类型》Shelley,Percy Bysshe雪莱Shock震惊Short story短篇小说Sign符号Signifier/signified能指/所指Simile明喻Situational context场合语境Skaldic verse行吟宫廷诗Sociology of literature文学社会学Soliloquy独白Sonnet十四行诗Sontag, Susan桑塔格,苏珊Source渊源Source study渊源研究Southern critics南方学派Soviet semiotics苏联符号学派Spatial form空间形式Spatial sequence空间序Spiel游戏Stadialism阶段平行论Stael, Madame de斯塔尔夫人Stanzaic form诗节形式Stanzaic form段式Starobinski, Jean斯塔罗宾斯基Static motif静力性母题Stereotype模式Stoffgeschichte主题学Stream of consciousness意识流Stretch延长Structural realism结构现实主义Structuralism结构主义Structuralist/post-structuralist semiotics结构主义与后结构主义符号学《Structuralist Poeties》《结构主义诗学》Structure结构Structure/texture构架/肌质论Stylistics风格学Stylization风格模仿Sub-narrative次叙述Sub-plot次情结Sublimation升华Sublime崇高《Summa Theologiae》《神学大全》Summary缩写Superego超我Super-narrative超叙述Superposition意象迭加Super-sign超符号Supplementary commentary补充性批评Surface structure表层结构Suspense悬疑Symbol象征Symbolic action象征行动Symptomatic reading症候式阅读Synaesthesia通感Synaesthesis综感Synchronic/diachroni c共时性/历时性Synchronische anayse 共时性分析Synecdoche提喻Syntactics符形学Syntagm横组合段Syntagmatic/paradigmatic横组合/纵聚合TTaboo塔布Tagtraum白日梦Taine, Hippolyte泰纳Tate, Allen退特Tecriture文体Temporal deformation时间变形Temporal sequence时间序Tendenz倾向性Tenioha天尔运波Tenor/vihicle喻指/喻体Tension张力Tercet三行体诗节Terza rima三行连环韵诗Tetralogy四部曲Tetrameter四音步诗行Text/discourse文本/讲述Textual criticism文本批评Texture肌质Theatre of cruelty残酷剧The epic theatre叙事剧The new criticism新批评The new humanism新人文主义《Theory of Literature》《文学理论》The past/the present叙述现在/被叙述现在《The PoliticalUnconsciousn》《政治无意识》《The Sacred Wood》《圣林》The Second self第二自我《The Well-Wrought Urn》《精致的瓮》The V erbal Icon《语象》The yale critics耶鲁学派Thibaudet, Albert蒂博代Three unities三一律Todestrieb /thanatos-trieb死本能Todorov, Tzvetan托多罗夫Toponym地素Totality总体性Totem图腾Tradition传统Tragicomedy悲喜剧Translation翻译Transpassing of stratification跨层Trilogy三部曲Trilling, Lionel特里林Trimeter三音步诗行Type类型Typicality典型性Typical character典型人物Typology类型学UUgliness丑Unbestimmtheit不确定性《Uber die Beziehungen der Analytischen Psychologie zur Dichtung》《分析心理学与诗的关系》Undercoding不足解码Understatement克制陈述Unite narrative叙述单元Unite significative意义单元Unites romanesques小说单元Unreliable narrative不可靠叙述Urtumliche bilder原始意象Utilitarianism功利主义Utopian literature乌托邦文学V《V alidity in interpretation》《解释的正确性》V alery, Paul瓦雷里,P.V ariorum edition集注本V erbal icon语象V erfremdung陌生化V erfremdungseffekt陌生化效果V erstehen理解V erisimilitude逼真性V ico, Giovanni Battista维柯V orurteil成见W《Wahreit und Methode》《真理与方法》Wellek, Rene韦莱克Well-made play巧构剧。
常用术语中英对照
常用术语中英对照一、建筑结构永久荷载：permanent load可变荷载：variable load偶然荷载：accidental load荷载代表值：representative values of a load 设计基准期：design reference period标准值：characteristic value/nominal value组合值：combination value频遇值：frequent value准永久值：quasi-permanent value荷载设计值：design value of a load荷载效应：load effect荷载组合：load combination基本组合：fundamental combination偶然组合：accidental combination标准组合：characteristic/nominal combination 频遇组合：frequent combinations准永久组合：quasi-permanent combination等效均布荷载：equivalent uniform live load 从属面积：tributary area动力系数：dynamic coefficient基本雪压：reference snow pressure基本风压：reference wind pressure地面粗糙度：terrain roughness混凝土结构：concrete structure现浇结构：cast-in-situ concrete structure装配式结构：prefabricated concrete structure缺陷：defect严重缺陷：serious defect一般缺陷：common defect施工缝：construction joint结构性能检验：inspection of structural performance锚具：anchorage夹具：grip连接器：coupler预应力钢材：prestressing steel预应力筋：prestressing tendon预应力筋-锚具组装件：prestressing tendon-anchorage assembly预应力筋-夹具组装件：prestressing tendon-grip assembly预应力筋-连接器具组装件：prestressing tendon-coupler assembly内缩：draw-in预应力筋-锚具组装件的实测极限拉力：ultimate tensile force of tendon-anchorage assembly预应力筋-夹具组装件的实测极限拉力：ultimate tensile force of tendon-grip assembly受力长度：tension length预应力筋的效率系数：efficiency factor og prestressing tendon 二、钢结构零件：part部件：component构件：element小拼单元：the smallest assembled rigid unit中拼单元：intermediate assembled structure高强度螺栓连接副：set of high strength bolt抗滑移系数：slip coefficent of faying surface预拼装：test assembling空间刚度单元：space rigid unit焊钉（栓钉）焊接：stud welding环境温度：ambient temperature钢结构防火涂料：fire resistive coating for steel struture 三、抗震地震震级：earthquake magnitude地震面波：surface wave质点运动：particle motion地动位移：displacement of ground motion质点运动速度：velocity of particle motion震中距：epicentral distance量规函数：calibration function地震烈度：seismic intensity抗震设防烈度：seismic fortification intensity抗震设防标准：seismic fortification criterion地震作用：earthquake action设计地震动参数：design parameters of ground motion设计基本地震加速度：design basic acceleration of ground motion 设计特征周期：design characteristic perild of guound motion场地：site建筑抗震概念设计：seismic concept design of buildings抗震措施：seismic fortification measures抗震构造措施：details of seismic design工程抗震：earthquake engineering工程抗震决策：earthquake engineering decision抗震对策：earthquake protective counter-measure抗震措施：earthquake protective counter抗震设防：earthquake fortification搞震设防标准：earthquake fortification level抗震设防区: earthquake fortification zone抗震设防区划：earthquake fortification zoning基本烈度：basic intensity多遇地震烈度：intensity of frequently occurred earthquake 罕遇地震烈度：intensity of seldomly occurred设计地震震动：design ground motion人工地震震动：artificial ground motion极限安全地震震动：ultimate-safe guound motion运动安全地震震动：operation-safe ground环境振动：ambient vibration;microtremer卓越周期：predominant period结构抗震性能：earthquake resistant behavior of structure 结构延性：ductility of structure抗震鉴定：seismic evaluation for engineering抗震加固：seismic strengthening for engineer-ing结构体系加固：structural system strengthening构件加固：structural member strengthening生命线工程：lifeling engineering工程地震学：engineering seismology地震：earthquake板内地震：intraplate earthquake板间地震：interplate earthquake人工诱发地震：artificially induced earthquake爆破诱发地震：explosion induced earthquake水库诱发地震：reservoir induced earthquake矿山陷落地震：mine depression earthquake 地震波：seismic wave地震震级：earthquake magnitude里氏震级：Richter’s magnitude活断裂：active fracture断裂活动段：fracturing segment地表断裂：surface fuacture断裂距：fracture distance震源：earthquake focus;hypocenter震源深度：focal depth浅源地震：shallow-focus earthquake深源地震：deep-focus earthquake震中：earthquake epicenter仪器震中：instrumental epicenter现场震中：field epicenter震中距：epicentral distance地震烈度：earthquake intensity烈度分布：intensity distribution烈度异常：abnormal intensity烈度异常区：intensity abnormal rigion等震线：isoseismal;isoseism等震线图：isoseismal map极震区：meizoseismal srea有感面积：felt area;area of perceptivity地震烈度表：earthquake intensity scale地震预报：earthquake prediction地震危险性：seismic hazard潜在震源：potential source点源：point source线源：linear source面源：areal source本底地震：background earthquake地震发生概率：earthquake occurrence probability 地震活动性：seismicity地震重现期：earthquake return period年平均发生率：amerage annual occurrence rate超越概率：exceedance probability地震震动参数：ground motion parameter地震震动衰减规律：attenuation law of ground motion烈度衰减规律：intensity attenuation地震能量耗散：seismic energy dissipation地震能量吸收：seismic energy absorption地震区划：seismic zonation中国地震烈度区划图：Chinese seismic intensity zoning map 地震小区划:seismic microzoning结构动态特性：dynamic properties of structure自由振动：free vibration自振周期：matural perild of vibration基本周期：fundamental period振型：vibration mode基本振型：fundamental mode高阶振型：high order mode共振：resonance振幅：amplitude of vibration阻尼振动：damping vibration阻尼：damping临界阻尼：critical damping阻尼比：damping ratio耗能系数：energy dissipation coefficient自由度：degree of freedom单自由度体系：single-degree of freedom system多自由度体系：multi-degree of freedom system集中质量：lumped mass地震反应：earthquake response随机地震反应：random earthquake response结构—液体耦联振动：structure-liquid coupling vibration强震观测：strong motion observation强震观测台网：strong motion observation metwork强震观测台阵：strong motion observation array强震仪：strong motion instrument三分量地震计仪：three-component seismometer(seismoscope) 加速度仪：accelerograph 光学记录加速度仪：optically recording accelerograph磁带记录加速度仪：magnetic-tape recording accelerograph 数字加速度仪：digital accelerograph加速度仪启动器：starter of accelerograph启动时间：starting time触发阈值：triggering threshold value加速度仪放大倍数：magnification of accelerograph时标：time marking强震记录：strong motion record加速度图：accelerogram数据处理：data proccessing基线校正：base-line correction地震震动：ground motion强地震震动:strong ground motion自由场地震震动：free field ground motion地震震动持续时间：ground motion duration地震震动强度：ground motion intensity谱烈度：spectral intensity峰值加速度：peak acceleration峰值速度：peak velocity峰值位移：peak displacement抗震试验：earthquake resistant test现场试验：in-sitr test天然地震试验：natural earthquake test人工地震试验：artificial earthquake test模拟地震震动试验：simulated ground motion tes t伪动力试验：pseudo dynamic test振动台试验：shaking table test结构动态特性测量：dynamic properties measurement of structure 自由振动试验：free vibration test初位移试验：initial displacement test初速度试验：initial vibuation test强迫振动试验：forced vibration test偏心块起振试验：rotation eccentric mass excitation test液压激振试验：hydraulic excitation test人激振动试验：man-escitation test环境振动试验：ambient(environmental) excitation test动态参数识别：dynamic parameter identification伪静力试验：pseudo static test偱环加载试验：cyclic loading test滞回曲线：hysteretic curve骨架曲线：skeleton curve恢复力模型：restoring mod el土动态特性试验：dynamic property test for soil共振柱试验：resonant column test动力三轴试验：dynamic triaxial test剪切波速测试：shear wave velocity measurement单孔法：single hold method跨孔法：cross hole method场地：site危险条件site condition：有利地段：favoruable area不利地段：unfavourable area危险地段：dangerous area场地类别：site classification计算基岩面：nominal bedrock场地土：site soil场地土类型：type of site soil土层平均剪切波速：average velocity of shear wave of soil layer 土体抗震稳定性：seismic stability of soil地裂缝：ground crack构造性地裂缝：tectonic ground crack非构造性地裂缝：non-tectonic ground crack震陷：subsidence due to earthquake矿坑震陷：mining subsidence due to earthquake4.2、地基抗震术语地震地基失效：ground failure due to earthquake液化：liquefaction液化势：liquefaction potintial喷水冒砂：sandboil and waterspouts液化初步判别：preliminary discrimination of liquefaction标准贯入锤击数临界值：critical blow count in standard penetration test 液化指数：liquefaction index液化等级：class of soil liquefaction液化安全系数：liquefaction safety coefficient液化强度：liquefaction safety coefficient抗液化措施:liquefaction defence measures地基承载力抗震调整系数：modified coefficient of seismic bearing capacity of subgrade5、工程抗震设计术语5.1、抗震设计术语抗震设计：seismic design二阶段设计：two-stage design工程结构抗震类别：seismic categoryof engineering structures5.2、抗震概念设计术语抗震概念设计：conceptual design of earthquake设计近震和设计远震：design mear earthquake and design far earthquake 多道抗震设防：multi-defence system of seismic engineering抗震结构整体性：integral behaviour of seismic structure塑性变形集中：concentration of plastic deformation强柱弱梁：strong column and weak beam强剪弱弯：strong shear and weak bending capacity柔性底层：soft ground floor5.3、抗震构造设计术语抗震构造措施：earthquake resistant constructional measure 抗侧力体系：lateral resisting system抗震墙：seismic structural wall抗震支撑：seismic bracing约束砌体：confined masonry圈梁：ring beam;tie column构造柱：constructional column;tie column约束混凝土：confined concrete防震缝：seismic joint隔震：base isolation;seismic isolation滑动摩擦隔震：friction isolation滚球隔震：ball bearing isolation叠层橡胶隔震：steel-plate-laminated-rubber-bearing isolation 耗能：energy dissipation5.4抗震计算设计术语抗震计算方法：seismic checking computation method静力法：static method底部剪力法：equivalent base shear method振型分解法：modal analysis method振型参与系数：mode-participation coefficient平方和方根法：aquare root of sumsquare combination method 完全二次型方根法：complete quadric combination method时程分析法：time history method时域分析法：time history method频域分析：frequency domain analysis地震作用：earthquake action设计反应谱：response apectrum楼面反应谱：floor response spectrum反应谱特征周期：characteristic period of response spectrum 地震影响系数：seismic influence coefficient地震作用效应：seismic action effect地震作用效应系数：coefficient of seismic action地震作用效应调整系数：modified coefficient of seismic action effect 变形二次效应：secondary effect of deformation 鞭梢效应：whipping effect晃动效应：sloshing effect地震动水压力：earthquake hydraulic dynamic pressure地震动土压力：earthquake dynamic earth pressure结构抗震可靠性：reliability of earthquake resistance of structure材料抗震强度：earthquake resistant strength of materials结构抗震承载能力：seismic bearing capacity of structure杆件承载力抗震调整系数：modified coefficient of seismic bearing capacity of member结构抗震变形能力：earthquake resistant deformability of structure6、地震危害和减灾术语6.1地震危害术语危害：risk危险：hazard地震危害分析：seismic risk analysis可接受的地震危害：acceqtable seismic risk灾害:disaster地震灾害：earthquake disaster地震原生灾害：primary earthquake disaster地震次生灾害：secondary earthquake disaster海啸：tsunami震害调查：earthquake damage investigation工程结构地震破坏等级：grade of earthquake damaged engineering structure完好：intact轻微破坏：slight damage中等破坏：moderate damage严重耍破坏：severe damage倒塌：collapse震害指数：esrthquake damage结构性破坏：structural damage非结构性破坏：nonstructural damage撞击损坏：pounding damage工程震害分析：earthquake damage analysis of engineering6.2减轻地震灾害术语减轻地震灾害：earthquake disaster mitigation震害预测：earthquake disaster prediction易损性：vulnerability累积损坏：cumulative damage地震经济损失：economic loss due to earthquake地震直接经济损失：direct economic loss due to earthquake 地震间接经济损失：indirect economic loss due to earthquake 地震社会损失（影响）：social effect due to earthquake地震人员伤亡：earthquake casualty地震破坏率：earthquake casualty修复费用：rehabilitation cost抗震减灾规划：earthquake disaster reduction planing城市抗震减灾规划：urban earthquake disaster reduction planning工矿企业抗震减灾规划：earthquake disaster reduction planning for industrial enterpriss土地利用规划：land use planning灾害保险：disaster insurance地震灾害保险：earthquake disaster insurance震后救援：post-earthquake relief震后恢复：post-earthquake rehabilitation四、幕墙建筑幕墙：building curtain wall组合幕墙：composite curtain wall玻璃幕墙：glass curtain wall斜玻璃幕墙：inclinde building curtain wall框支承玻璃幕墙：frame supported glass curtain wall明框玻璃幕墙：exposed frame supported glass curtain wall 隐框玻璃幕墙：hidden frame supported glass curtain wall半隐框玻璃幕墙：semi-hidden frame supported glass curtain wall单元式玻璃幕墙：frame supported glass curtain wall assembled inprefabricated units构件式玻璃幕墙：frame supported glass curtain wallassembled inelements全玻璃幕墙：full glass curtain wall点支承玻璃幕墙：point-supported glass curtain wall支承装置：supporting device支承结构：suppouting structure钢绞线：strand硅酮结构密封胶：structural silicone sealant硅酮建筑密封胶：weather proofing silicone双面胶带：double-faced adhesive tape双金属腐蚀：bimetallic corrosion相容性：compatibility五、防火高层民用建筑设计防火规范裙房：skirt building建筑高度：building altitude耐火极限：duration of fire resistance不燃烧体：non-combustible component难燃烧体：hard-combustible component燃烧体：combustible component综合楼：multiple-use building商住楼：business-living building网局级电力调度楼：large-scale power dispatcher’building 高级旅馆：high-grade hotel高级住宅：high-grade hotel重要的办公楼、科研楼、档案楼：important office building、laboratory、archive半地下室：semi-basement地下室：basement安全出口：safety exit挡烟垂壁：hang wall六、防雷和采光建筑物防雷设计规范接闪器：air-termination system引下线：down-conductor system接地装置：earth-termination system接地体：earth-termination接地线：earth electrode防雷装置：lightning protection system,LPS 直击雷：direct lightning flash雷电感应：lightning induction。
英文论文常用英语
Useful expressions for paper-writing N otice:All of the following sentences are derived from papers and the internet.目录一、研究方法表述类：一、研究方法表述类： (1)二、摘要总结类： (8)二、摘要总结类：三、公式表述类：三、公式表述类： (9)四、其他表达：四、其他表达： (10)一、研究方法表述类：A great number of research results have been reported,for example[1]—[5]★A neural network based dynamics compensation method has been proposed for trajectory control of a robot system[11].A combined approach of neural network and sliding mode technology for both feedback linearization and control error compesation has been presented[12].1、研究目的的表示方法The purpose of this investigation is to...The main focus of this study is...The objective of the present work is to...The aim of the present study is to...The present study is aimed at...The present study is designed to...The present study is an attempt to...We have embarked on research attempting to...This study is undertaken with the intent of...The present investigation is conducted to...This study was undertaken to...To gain a better understanding of...The investigation concentrated on efforts to...The present study is performed in an effort to...2、研究动机的表示方法Since the early literature contained a few reports of...Because of the potential importance of...,we have investigaed... Because of the economic potential of...,we decided to study... Current work in this laboratory...,stimulated interest in determining som e of...Prompted by...,we initiated an examination of...In view of...,this study was conducted to examine...The finding of...,led us to reinvestigate...A recent report...,encouraged us to...Little attention/effort has been given to......are poorly understood......have been poorly characterized...The question have been raised as to whether or not......the question arose...3、研究内容的表示方法This article examines...This research assessed...This study documents...The present work has shown...This report describes...The paper presents...Work presented here introduces...Our forthcoming studies will establish...In this report,we report...Here we describe...In this report we examine...In this reprot we describe...We report here......this is the first report of...This is the first report...This report contains the first...Our results are the first report on...We report here for the first time...This...,is the first to...,reported for...,This report documents the first......this is the first time that,,,The novelty of this research lies in...Of particular interest and novelty is...The evidence presented in this communication demonstrtes... The data presented in this report represent...The major idea addressed in this studies...The emphasis of this study is...This study is an attempt to...4、研究报告的数量表示方法...,much efforts has gone into the study of...Many research groups have recently been involved with... ...have received fairly intensive study...have done a considerable amount of work on...Many studies have addressed...There have been many investigations into...There have been numerous studies...A substantial amount rmation is available on... There are only a few reprots of...Only a few studies have dealt with...Only a few studies have bean performed on......there are very few studies...Few studies have involved...Few studies have centered on...Investigations...are extremely few...A surprisingly limited amount of information exists on... Reports on...are extremely scarce....has been the subject of only a limited number of studies.Information...is limited.We found no reprots of...We know of no report concerning......,no studies...have been reported...There are no reports on...no...have been documented......no information is available concerning...No data have been published...To date,no reports have appeared concerning... no...is reported...None have been reported for...cking...Virtually nothing is known about...Little is known of...very little actually is known about...There is little known about...5、注意、兴趣的表示方法...has not received as much attention...Less attention has been paid...Relatively little attention has been directed... ...have received very little attention...Little attention has been given to...Attention was focused on......has recently received increased attention.There is currently great interest in......has been the focus of intense research interest. ...has been become a subject of considerable interest.6、研究正在进行的表示方法Studies are under way to......are currently under study.Further work is in progress...Further experiments are in progress to...Further investigations are in progress to... Attempts to...are currently in progress.Efforts continue...We are presently attempting to determine... Further studies...are being conducted...Our laboratory presently is involved with......is being investigated.7、将来工作的建议的表示方法Further work is needed...Further work is required......is worthy of further study.Much more research is needed......has to be elucidated....have to be determined....requires further testing......makes...worthy of further study.Further studies are contemplated to...Further research is planned to...continuing studies will yield further insight into... Further research...may yield...Further research should explore...Further studies should clarify......remains to be determined....remain to be investigated,and...remains to be tested. ...remains to be established.What remains to be resolved......remains to be shown....remains unexplained....,it remains unknown....remain unanswered...8、结论的表示方法In conclusion,...This conclusion is supported...by...finding that... ...leads to the conclusion that...二、摘要总结类：★Simulations and experiments are carried out on AdeptOne robot.★From the simulation and experimental results,the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed control sysytem are confirmed.★This paper addresses the issue of trajectory tracking control based on a neural network controller for industrial manipulators.In this paper,we present a new and simple control system consisting of a traditional controller for trajectory tracking control of industrial robot manipulators.★This paper describes a vision-based navigation method in an indoor environment for an autonomous mobile robot which can avoid obstacles.★★In this method,the self-localiation of the robot is done with a model-based vision system,and a non-stop navigation is realiz ed by a retroactive position correction system.We present a robust and automatic method for evaluating the accurancy of weed discrimination algorithms.The proposed method is based onsimualated agronomic images and a crop weed discrimination algorithm can be dividided into the two following steps.Firstly,…….Afterwards,…. In this research,we aim at high precision trajectory tracking control of the industrial robot manipulators using simple and applicable contrl method.三、公式表述类：The dynamic model can be easily derived and expressed systematically with the formulation as follows:Formulation(1)The detail mathematical description of the network is given byFormulaion(2)四、其他表达：An industrial manipulator AdepOne is adopted as an experimental test bed.★Trajectory tracking control simulations and experiments are carried out.The results demonstrate effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed control system.★For this reason,we design the neural network controller such that it takes the important part on which the linear controller has shown its limitation and/or powerlessness. Other advantages of the neural networks often cited are parallel distributed structure,and learning ability.Theoretically speaking,System implementation,however,is difficult to perform because of the existence of the uncertainties of….。
英语文献常用词及缩写翻译
英语文献常用词及缩写翻译Abstracts Abstr 文摘Abbreviation 缩语和略语Acta 学报Advances 进展Annals Anna. 纪事Annual Annu. 年鉴，年度Semi-Annual 半年度Annual Review 年评Appendix Appx 附录Archives 文献集Association Assn 协会Author 作者Bibliography 书目，题录Biological Abstract BA 生物学文摘Bulletin 通报，公告Chemical Abstract CA 化学文摘Citation Cit 引文，题录Classification 分类，分类表College Coll. 学会，学院Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CD-ROM 只读光盘Company Co. 公司Content 目次Co-term 配合词，共同词Cross-references 相互参见Digest 辑要，文摘Directory 名录，指南Dissertations Diss. 学位论文Edition Ed. 版次Editor Ed. 编者、编辑Excerpta Medica EM 荷兰《医学文摘》Encyclopedia 百科全书The Engineering Index Ei 工程索引Et al 等等European Patent Convertion EPC 欧洲专利协定Federation 联合会Gazette 报，公报Guide 指南Handbook 手册Heading 标题词Illustration Illus. 插图Index 索引Cumulative Index 累积索引Index Medicus IM 医学索引Institute Inst. 学会、研究所International Patent Classification IPC 国际专利分类法International Standard Book Number ISBN 国际标准书号International Standard Series Number ISSN 国际标准刊号Journal J. 杂志、刊Issue 期（次）Keyword 关键词Letter Let. 通讯、读者来信List 目录、一览表Manual 手册Medical Literature Analysis and MADLARS 医学文献分析与检索系统Retrieval SystemMedical Subject Headings MeSH 医学主题词表Note 札记Papers 论文Patent Cooperation Treaty PCT 国际专利合作条约Precision Ratio 查准率Press 出版社Procceedings Proc. 会报、会议录Progress 进展Publication Publ. 出版物Recall Ratio 查全率Record 记录、记事Report 报告、报导Review 评论、综述Sciences Abstracts SA 科学文摘Section Sec. 部分、辑、分册See also 参见Selective Dissemination of Information SDI 定题服务Seminars 专家讨论会文集Series Ser. 丛书、辑Society 学会Source 来源、出处Subheadings 副主题词Stop term 禁用词Subject 主题Summary 提要Supplement Suppl. 附刊、增刊Survey 概览Symposium Symp. 专题学术讨论会Thesaurus 叙词表、词库Title 篇名、刊名、题目Topics 论题、主题Transactions 汇报、汇刊Volume Vol. 卷World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 世界知识产权World Patent Index WPI 世界专利索引Yearbook 年鉴。
科技论文写作常用英语词汇
带修饰的“称为”
…称为…
… are collectively called …
…有各种叫法…
… is variously called …
前者称为…, 后者称为…
The former is referred to as …, and the latter as …
通常简称为…
often shortened to …
用解析的方法 直观地讲 按照惯例 按照经典理论 具体的讲 在正常情况下 从本质上讲 遗憾的是 严格的说 从功能上看 应该承认 顺便指出 等效地讲
analytically certainly conventionally classically specifically ordinarily essentially unfortunately strictly operationally admittedly incidentally equivalently
早在公元600年前
As long as A.D. 600
涉及“世纪”表达用语
19世纪后期
In the late nineteenth century
20世纪的头20年里
Within the first 20 years of the twentieth century
本世纪初期
Early in the present century
最值得注意的是 更/最重要的是 更一般的情况 更确切地说 更简练地讲
most notably more/most importantly more generally more precisely/accurately more briefly
Outline
术语说明性用语 时间表达用语 ly形的副词放在句首的表达用语 关于分类的表达用语 有关程度的表达用语 “…of”词组构成的短语 因果关系表达用语 “有”和“无”的表达 相互关系的表达用语 有关“手段”的表达用语
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常用论文术语中英文对照(精选多篇)“三个代表” “three represents” theory (the party should alent needs of china’s advanced social productive forces, alental interests of the largest member of the chinese people.)三个有利于“three favorables” (otes the groerit student“三讲”教育（讲学习、讲政治、讲正气）“three emphases” education (to stress theoretical study, political aail, and air and shipping services across the taiic development)三下乡 a program under edical service to farmers三字经 three-character scripture“扫黄”、”打非” elimi nate pornography and illegal publications《山海经》the classic of mountains and rivers商检局 commodity inspection bureau商品条码 bar code上市 to be listed少数服从多数、下级服从上级、局部服从全体、全党服从中央the minority is subordinate to the majority, the loembership of the party to the central committee社会热点问题 hot spots of society社会治安情况 public security situation审时度势 size up the situation渗透、颠覆和分裂活动infiltrative, subversive and splittist activities《生死抉择》“live or die”生态农业 environmental-friendly agriculture失学儿童 dropout实践是检验真理的唯一标准 practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.实体经济 the real economy实现中华民伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the chinese nation实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 promotion of family planning to control the population size and improve the health of the people实现小康目标 to achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适度从紧的财政政策 moderately tight financial policy 适销对路的产品readily marketable products手机入网费 mobile access fee受灾地区 disaster-affected are售后服务 after-sale services树立企业良好形象 foster a good and healthy company image涮羊肉 instant-boiled mutton双刃剑 double-edged suggled goods水墨画chinese brush draocratic dictatorship, the leadership of the communist party of china, and marxism-leninism and mao zedong thought素质教育 education for all-around developmentt.弹性外交 elastic diplomacy套利 arbitrage提高农产品收购价格the government’s increase in its procurement prices (for farm products)铁饭碗 iron rice boarket统一税 flat tax, consolidated tax同乡会 an association of felloen筒子楼：tube-shaped apartment偷税漏税 tax evasion偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud, andrefusal to pay taxes投手 pitcher透过现象看本质 see through the appearance to perceive the essence团身 bunch up the body推广科研成果turning laboratory achievements into commercial/mass production; commercialization of laboratory achievements退耕还林还草 grain for green脱贫 cast off poverty脱手 release gripaintaining stability is of top priority维护人权和不断改善人权状况 safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation伪劣产品 fake and shoddy products卫冕世界冠军 reigning pion屋顶花园 roof garden无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无人售票 self-service ticketing无线应用协议 anagement, property managementx.西部大开发 ent吸收游资 absorb idle fund希望工程 project hope喜忧参半 mingled hope and fear洗钱 money laundering下放权力给 delegating the management of ... (to ...) 下岗 laid-off mercial sea下网 off line险胜cliff-hanging odern enterprise system; modern corporate system向钱看 mammonism, put money above all项目立项：approve and initiate a project消费信贷 consumer credit services削减战略核武器会谈strategic arms reduction talks (start)小康 a comfortable level of living; a better-off life; moderate prosperity新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star信息港 inforport信息化 informationize信用紧缩 credit crunch形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand虚拟网 virtual net选举权和被选举权 the right to vote and the right to be elected徇私枉法 bend the lapaign to crack doinal activities 阳春（最经济方式） no-frills羊肉串小摊 barbecue stall养老金 pension摇钱树 cash coust alaterial progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress; y and at the same time strengthen democracy and the legal system; ote reform and opening to the outside e time fight crime and punish corruption.以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展 the pattern aining dominant and diverse sectors of the economy developing side by side以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以谋略制胜 outmaneuver以权谋私 abuse of poost以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality 义和团运动 boxer uprising义务兵役制 compulsory military service, conscription 义务教育 compulsory education义演收入 proceeds from benefit performmance易拉罐 pop can因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 隐性就业 unregistered employment硬道理 absolute principle, top priority营业税 turnover tax; business tax应试教育 examination-oriented education system优化结构 optimize structure有法可依，有法必依，执法必严，违法必究 there must be laust be observed and strictly enforced, and laust be prosecuted.有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 edal hopeful有勇无谋use braarket; become integrated into the global market舆论导向 direction of public opinion舆论监督 supervision by public opinion冤假错案 cases in ical, (as if by) predestination, be preordained to come together远景计划 long-term development targets运球 dribblez.“宰人” rip off在职博士生 on-job doctorate再贷款 re-lending; subloan再就业服务中心 re-employment service center藏学 tibetology糟粕 dross早恋 puppy love造假帐 falsified accounts斋月 ramadan债转股 debt-to-equity s one’s association站票 standing-room-only ticket涨落线 advance balance line朝阳产业 sunrise industry招标投标制 the system of public bidding for project 正式照会 formal note政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏 governments set up the stage, various departments cooperate and enterprise put in the shoent online project政企不分 ent and enterprises; the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up政企分开 separate government functions from enterprisemanagement政务公开 make government affairs public知识产权 intellectual property rights知识经济 knoy , knoy致命要害achilles’ heel掷钱猜先 toss《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》laers’ rights and interests中流砥柱 mainstay, chief corner stone中美战略核武器互不瞄准对方 non-targeting strategic nuclear mittee for large enterprises中央商务区 central business district (cbd)重点发展 prioritize主体经济 the mainstay of the economy主持人 anchorperson住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation助跑 approach run, run-up抓大放小to invigorate large enterprises all ones; focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for themselves抓住机遇 seize the opportunity转化机制 (of state-oanagement mechanisms转基因食品 gm food (genetically modified food)追平produce the equalizer转体 truck rotation, turn, tent资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets; maintenance and appreciation of assets value资产阶级自由化 bourgeois liberalization资源配置 the distribution (allocation) of resources 《资治通鉴》 history as a mirror自律机制 the self-discipline system自我保护意识self-protection aprehensive national strength综合业务数字网integrated service digital netprehensive treatment遵纪守法、廉洁奉公 observe the relevant code of conduct and the la one’s official duties第二篇：常用术语中英文对照十、常用术语中英文对照人生规划life planning自我介绍self-introduction 目标target孔子confucius《论语》the analects of confucius 修身养性cultivate one’s moral character 儒家思想confucianism诗歌poem赏析appreciation阅读理解reading comprehension 意境artistic conception意象imagery情感emotion朗诵recite策划consultant情景模拟scenario simulation 记忆memory贝多芬beethoven命运交响曲symphony of destiny 古典音乐classical music 莫扎特mozart费加罗的婚礼the marriage of figaro 萧伯纳george bernard shaa理想主义idealism人道精神humanity反抗性resistance辩论debate演讲speech主题theme财富 in red mansions 叶芝yeats当你老了无为而治taoist actionless governance 消极避世indifference散文prose小说novel文学性literary语言language修辞rhetoric敬畏生命reverence for life 抉择choice普通话mandarin个人简历resume招聘求职recruitment 求职信cover letter自荐书issions 岗位post市场营销marketing物流logistics食品检测food testing 高分子macromolecule就业形势employment situation 毕业论文thesis摘要abstract关键词keyaster”“production master”,有精确比例的菲林。