翻译理论与实践 (文稿)

翻译理论与实践复习资料应英081班痞子

第一章翻译的定义和翻译的原则

一、翻译的定义

1.Translation is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flaver.( Columbia Encyclopedia)

2. Translating consists in reproducing in the recepter language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida )

3.翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。（孙致礼 2003：6 ）

二、翻译的原则

1. Yan Fu (1854-1921)

In translation, there are three aspects difficult to bring about: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. It is no easy work to realize “faithfulness”! If there is only faithfulness without expressiveness , the translation doesn’t amount to translation. From here we can see expressiveness is of great importance. (译事三难，信，达，雅。求其信已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉)

Faithfulness means that the translated text should be faithful to the original text.

Expressiveness means that the translated text should be expressive and coherent without anything awkward. Elegance means the translated text should keep the style of the original.

① Japanese army killed millions of innocent people during the war。那场战争中日本军队屠杀了

成百上千无辜的平民

②Action is equal to reaction, but it acts in a contrary direction.

――作用力与反作用力大小相等，方向相反．

③We shall all miss him, but we wish him a long and happy retirement.

――我们都会想念他的，我们祝愿他退休后快乐、长寿．

④ For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo.

古往今来多少离合悲欢,谁曾见这样的哀怨辛酸！

⑤ Crafty men contempt studies, simple men admire them, and wise use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them , won by observation.

――有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之．

2. Fu Lei (1908-1966)

In the case of the effect, translating is like painting from a copy what to desire and get is not alike in appearance but in spirit.(以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在神似。)

① From there I could see the whole valley below, the field, the river , and the villege. It was all beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.

――从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流、村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往．

② He carried on a business , but brought his pigs to the wrong market.

――他经营生意，可是几乎血本无归．

3.Qian Zhongshu

Theory of Huajing: The highest standard of literary translation is “Hua” (化)(digestion), when a translator converts a language into another one, his or her version can completely keep the original flavor as well as show no signs of stiff word-for-word translation because of the conventional differentiation of language and culture.（文学翻译的最高理想可以说是“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原作的风味，那就算得入于“化境”。）

① Capri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace. It is friendly, remote, and debonair.

卡普里岛是一块外形突兀的荒凉的岩石，沐浴在深蓝色的海洋里，但是它的葱绿的葡萄园仿佛在向人微笑，使这个海