高考英语语法专题复习定语从句知识清单答案

高考英语语法专题复习------定语从句

知识清单2015/ 9

一、定语从句基础知识(填空)

1.何为定语从句？在复合句中, 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

2.何为定语从句两个基本要素？先行词和关系词即：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

3.定语从句分为两大类：

1）限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不用逗号隔开,也不能省略，否则句意就不完整。

2) 非限制性定语从句：只是对先行词做补充说明,与先行词的关系也比较松散，常用逗号与主句隔开，如果省略, 原句意义仍然完整。

4.引导定语从句的关系词有哪些？

1）关系代词：在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。

指代人：who , whom , that 指代事物：which , that , as

所属关系：whose , of which / of whom

2）关系副词：在定语从句中充当状语，相当于介词＋which 。

指地点：where 指时间：when 指原因：why

二、常见考点与难点归纳：

1.引导词that与which的选择：

总结1) 先行词有下列情况时,通常用关系代词that ，不用which 。

①先行词是all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much等不定代词时;

②先行词被all, any, every, no, some, little, much等词修饰时;

③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时;

④先行词被the only, the very(正是,恰是)，the last修饰时;

⑤当先行词既有人又有物时；⑥若主句中有疑问代词who, which时（为了避免重复）。

总结2）下列情况通常用关系代词which ，不用that ：

①引导非限定性定语从句且先行词是物，在定语从句中充当宾语时也不省略。

②介词+关系词引导定语从句, 先行词为物时。

2.先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时应注意的问题：

1) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作状语时，用when, where, why，相当于介词+which.

2) 先行词为时间、地点、原因的名词时，关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that / which 。

3) 某些特殊先行词之后的where：

某些抽象地点名词如：stage, position, point, situation, case, condition, activity, celebration 等做先行词时，且在定语从句中充当状语，常用where 引导，表示抽象化的地点，(相当于介词+which) 。例如：必修1 Unit 5 (P34)

①The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.

②We were put into a position in which (= where) we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.

3.介词+关系词：即介词+ whom (指人) 和介词+ which (指物)

介词如何选择：

1）看定语从句中动词或者形容词与介词的习惯搭配

What were the things about which he was not so sure?

2）根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词的习惯搭配

The speed at w hich you drive your car mustn’t be too high.

3）可以通过句子的整体含义,结合生活实际来判断

China has many rivers, of / among which the Yangtze River is the longest.

4.关系词as的用法: as既可以引导限制性定从，也可以引导非限制性定从，常用于以下情况：1）先行词有such, the same修饰时，后面的定语从句常用as引导，as在从句中可充当主语，宾语，表语，表示“像……一样的…”。

① There is no such place as you dream of in this world.

世界上绝没有像你梦想的那样的地方。

②I have the same trouble __as you have. 我和你有同样的麻烦。

注意：the same … that… / the same…as…的区别：

③This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支。

④ This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样。

2）在非限制性定语从句中，as常用于固定搭配。在此用法中, as所引导的定语从句可放在主句的句首、句中、句末。如：

众所周知As is known to all / As we all know

综上所述As has been said / mentioned / described above

正如经常发生的那样；情况通常如此As often happens / As is often the case

如报纸所报道的As is reported in the newspaper

5.引导非限制性定语从句时，关系词as 跟which的区别：

as 意为“正如……”“正像……”, 可位于句首，句中，句末；which 意为“这” “这件事”，不能放句首。若关系词指代前面整句话，且位于主句之后，二者有时候可以互换。

The earth is round, which / as is known to us all.

__As was natural, he married Jenny.

6.先行词为the way的定语从句：

先行词为the way，在定语从句中作状语，引导词用in which, that或不填。

I recognized he’s from Australia from the way in which/that/不填he speaks.

7. 定语从句与其它复合句的区分:

1) 定语从句与同位语从句：

① We all have heard the news _that our team won.

②We don’t believe the news _(that / which)_ he told us yesterday.

2) 定语从句与状语从句：

① He left the key_where_ he had been an hour before.

② He left the place _where_ he lived for many years.

③ He is such a good teacher that we all like him.

④ He is such a good teacher as all of us love and respect.

⑤We’ll go where we are needed.

3) 定语从句与主语从句：

① _As_ is known to us all，paper was first made in China.

②_It_ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.

4) 定语从句与强调结构：