鲁教版初四英语全一册第一单元知识点练习

Unit1 When was it invented?

1.语言知识目标：

1)能掌握单词、句型

2)能谈论物品被发明的时间、发明者，表达某发明的用途。

2.情感态度价值观目标：了解一些近现代发明的时间及用途，激发自己热爱发明的情感。培养想象力，善于观察事物。面对难题，用积极的态度去解决，发挥想象力，认识世界，改造世界。

【聚焦被动语态】

1. 构成：

“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”, 注意be 有人称、时态和数的变化

eg: The room is cleaned.

eg: I was given many gifts by my teacher.

eg: A dress was made for me by my mother.

2.学习被动语态，特别要注意:

（1）主动改为被动的方法

①将主动句中宾语变成主语

②将主动句中谓语变成be +及物动词的过去分词；

③主动句中的主语变成被动句中by的宾语（或省略）

eg: I bought two books yesterday.

eg: Two books were bought by me yesterday.

【练习】

He invented printing. 改为被动句：

（2）及物动词的过去分词有规则和不规则变化

规过去分词的变化

①一般在动词原形后加-ed

look-looked-looked

②以-e结尾的动词直接加-d

move-moved-moved

③以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed

study-studied-studied

④末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母，再加-ed

stop-stopped-stopped

常见的不规则过去分词变化

1. I think the TV was invented before the car.

【解析】invent v. 发明→inventor n. 发明家→ invention n. 发明

【练习】

(1) I think the light bulb is one of the most important__________(invent)

(2) The car ___________(invent) in 1885.

【拓展】invent/ discover/find/find out

【练习】

(1)Gilbert ____________electricity, but Edison ___________ the electric light bulb.

(2)Columbus ____America in 1492.

A. invent

B. discover

C. invented

D. Discovered

2.My pleasure!

【解析】please v. 取悦→ pleasure n. 愉快→pleased adj.(人)高兴的→pleasant adj.(物)令人愉快的be pleased to do sth 愉快做某事be pleased with sth 对….满意

【练习】

(1) They went to Qingdao and had a ___________(pleasure) trip.

(2) It’s my _____________(please) to help you.

3.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.

【解析】daily adj. 日常的；每日的= everyday

day n. 天，日→ daily adj. 每日的daily life 日常生活

【练习】

(1)There was little change in their _________(day) lives.

(2)—How did you know_____ news about Greenpeace, Lisa?

—Well, I got it from_____ China Daily.

A. a; the

B. the;/

C. the; the

D. an; a

4. For example, it mentioned that the zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson in 1893.

【解析1】mention v. 提到, 说起Don't mention it. 没关系，别客气

【练习】

—Thank you for taking me around your school, Daming. — _____.

A. Don’t mention it

B. Never mind

C. Of course not

D. No problem.

5. Did you know that tea, the most popular drink in the world (after water), was invented by accident?

【解析】by accident=by chance 偶然地（位于句尾）

【练习】

The police found the lost car_________.

A. with mistake

B. by accident

C. by mistake

D. in accident

6. Many people believe that tea was first drunk nearly 5,000 years ago.

【解析】almost/ nearly

nearly adv.“差不多、几乎、将近”指一差距一般比almost 大。

It’s nearly five o’clock. 差不多五点钟了。

【注】：almost有时可与nearly通用，但当其与no, none, nothing, never连用时，不用nearly。7. It is said that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nong first discovered tea as a drink.

【解析1】It is said that... 据说......; 有人说......

【拓展】“It is +动词过去分词+ that 从句......”句型归纳：

It is believed that ...人们认为...... It is known that... 众所周知...

It is reported that ... 据报道...... It is supposed that ...据估计......

It is said that people can live to be 120 years old.

【解析2】called=named 叫做 a boy called Tom“一个名叫作汤姆的男孩”

【拓展】call the police 报警