高考英语一轮复习 语法精讲系列 讲座一 构词法对点训练
高三英语一轮复习语法第1讲名词的数格构词法考点讲义
高中英语语法第1讲名词1 可数名词(1)可数名词的单、复数规那么变化：为了自己(self)活命(life)，小偷(thief)和他的妻子(wife)手里拿着刀子(knife)和一片树叶(leaf)站在架子(shelf)上，把狼(wolf)劈成两半(half)。
(2)不规那么名词的3种复数变化形式一种鱼时，其单复数形式相同。
(2)people指“人们〞时单复数同形；指“民族〞时，其复数为peoples。
(3)合成名词的2种复数形式①假设有中心词，那么把中心词变成复数；假设无中心词，那么把最终一个词变成复数。
passerby→passersby, sisterinlaw→sistersinlaw, grownup→grownups①“man/woman＋n.〞变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数，如women engineers。
对点练1写出以下名词的复数形式①sheep—sheep①dish—dishes①knife—knives①story—stories①tomato—tomatoes2 不行数名词(1)常见的不行数名词一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不行数的，因此没有复数形式，一般也不能用a或an修饰。
通常只用作不行数的名词有：milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress, orange(橙汁), meat, equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
[名师点津]word意为“消息〞、room意为“空间〞、man意为“人类〞时，通常不带任何修饰词。
2025版高考英语一轮总复习第二部分基础语法讲练专题一词法篇第9讲构词法(词性转化)pptx课件
★核心精讲→归纳如何学
▼名词转换为形容词
♥名词的转换
后缀
-al
-d/ -ed
示例
centre→central在中心的；中央的 origin→original原来的；起初的 practice→practical 实际的 talent→talented有才能的；天才的 gift→gifted 天才的
3.eventually。 句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园 之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。空格处后为动词 achieve,空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填 eventually。 4.asleep。 句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知， 空格处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”,其形容词为 asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”。
5.accidentally。 句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上 掉了下去。根据句子结构，空格处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。 accidental为形容词，意为“意外的；失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为 “意外地；失误地”。 6.photographer。 句意：约翰·奥尔森，前摄影师和他的团队将绘画变 成全纹理的3D模型。结合句意，同时根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，空 格处表示“人”,应用名词单数形式。 7.independence。 句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。means为动词， 其后需要名词作宾语，independence为名词，意为“独立”。
the 40-day journey.
词形式
题型
高考典例
设题角度解读
2.(2022·全国高考乙卷)China has
第07讲 构词法(讲义)(学生版) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第07讲构词法目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (1)02 知识导图.思维引航 (2)03 考点突破.考法探究 (4)考点一派生法 (5)知识点1 解题时派生词的判断依据 (5)知识点2 前缀、否定前缀和否定后缀 (6)知识点3 名词后缀 (7)知识点4 形容词后缀 (9)知识点5 副词后缀 (10)知识点6 动词后缀 (10)考点二合成法 (11)知识点1 合成名词 (11)知识点2 合成形容词 (11)知识点3 合成动词、副词及其他 (12)考点三转化法 (13)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (14)阅读理解中对构词法的考查 (14)语法填空中对构词法的考查 (14)2.命题演练 (15)好的理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量有重要意义。
意义中的构词法主要有（Composition【高考导航】1.（2024年浙江1月高考阅读理解D片段）We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.2. (2023年新高考I卷) Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.考点一派生法知识点1 派生词的判断依据1.冠词、物主代词等词类后一般跟名词。
高考英语一轮复习第一板块语法系列专项提能基础语法课(4)构词法课件外研版
基础语法课(4)——构词法
[加后缀]
(一)变名词
1．-ence, -ance 结尾的名词：
接受
accept — acceptance
出现/外表
appear — appearance
执行 抵制 指导 进入
perform — performance resist — resistance guide — guidance enter — entrance
认出 解释/定义 保护 指导/方向 指令 建设 注射 感染
recognize — recognition define — definition protect — protection direct — direction instruct — instruction construct — construction inject — injection infect — infection
强大的/无能力的
price — priceless＝invaluable value — valueless/worth — worthless speech — speechless breath — breathless care — careful/careless color — colorful/colorless use—useful/useless
实际的 理论的 音乐的 感情的 国家的 自然的 个人的 偶尔的 身体上的 偶然的
practice — practical theory — theoretical music — musical emotion — emotional nation — national nature — natural person — personal occasion — occasional physics — physical accident — accidental
2024届高考一轮复习英语语法专练课件(人教版)：名词
[规则感悟] 1.可数名词变复数 ①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词， 加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es (如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。④以-o结尾加-es 的单词 有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。 ⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词， 如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥大部分可数名词直接加-s。
4.Timmis and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use on _p_a_s_s_e_rs_-_b_y_(passer-by). 5.We usually expect Hollywood __h_e_ro_e_s_(hero) to show up on our screens and defeat the bad guys. 6.He goes to the _b_a_r_b_e_r_’s_(barber) to have his hair cut every month.
2.名词的所有格 ⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词 都加-’。⑧无生命名词，通常用of所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式 为“名词＋of＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋of＋名词性物主代词”。
1.不规则变化的名词复数 (1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如： foot—feet脚 goose—geese鹅 tooth—teeth牙齿 mouse—mice老鼠 man—men男人 woman—women女人
【高考领航】高考英语一轮复习语法突破第1讲构词法练习
【高考领航】高考英语一轮复习语法突破第1讲构词法练习语法突破第一讲构词法Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．The news of his death in the flood was ________，and all his employees got ________ at it.(shock)2．After ________ to his father's company as president of it ________，he ________ in making the company more ________ in its field，which helped to make him a ________ in turn.(success) 3．Mrs.White，a ________ friend of mine，________ herself to teaching and her ________ to children made us vote for her.(devote) 4．Mastering some basic skills will greatly increase your chances of ________.Last week，thanks to the skills he and his tour pal succeeded in ________ the terrible floods and they were the only two ________.(survive)5．All dogs ran in all ________ ________ the ________ said“Go”．(direct)6．I should ________ my task and make it ________ to finish.(simple)7．The boy having the ________ of being half－starved ________，never to be seen again.(appear)8．The police ________ the pot and ________ a plot against the President.(cover) 9．You are so ________ to help me.Thank you for your ________.(kindly) 10．Everything is becoming ____________ than before and many college students had to work to make some money for their college ________.(expend)答案：1.shocking；shocked 2.succeeding；successfully；succeeded；successful；success 3.devoted；devoted；devotion 4.survival；surviving；survivors 5.directions；directly；director 6.simplify；simple 7.appearance；disappeared 8.discovered；uncovered 9.kind；kindness 10.more expensive；expensesⅡ.语篇填空在下面短文中的空白处填上适当的词，使短文意思通顺AA group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private 1.________(safety)．They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building2.________(equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Saturday night. They tied up a 3._______ _(secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 4.________(investigate) described the 5.________ (rob) as a “6.________(profession) job”. The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday andleft at 7：00 on Sunday. They entered through the basements of the 7.________(neighbour) building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank, which was having building works at the time.When they left, the robbers set the place on fire to 8.________(move) any trace of evidence, switching on the antifire －system and flooding the building.9.________(fortune), the guard escaped 10.________(harm)．It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the bank's clients (储户) know the content of their private safes.答案： 1.safes 2.equipment 3.security 4.investigator 5.robbery 6.professional 7.neighbouring 8.remove9．Fortunately 10.unharmedBWalt Disney was an American film producer, 1.________(direct), screenwriter, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur, entertainer, international icon and philanthropist (慈善家). Disney is famous for his influence in the field of 2.________ (entertain) during the 20th century. Along with his brother Roy O．Disney，he co－founded the Walt Disney Productions，which later became one of the well－known motion picture 3.________(produce) in the world.Disney is particularly 4.________(note) for being a film producer and a popular showman, as well as an innovator in animation and theme park design. He and his staff created a number of the world's most famous fictional characters including Mickey Mouse, a character for which Disney himself was the 5.________(origin) voice. He gave his name to the Disneyland and Walt Disney World Resort theme parks in the United States, as well as the international resorts like Tokyo Disney Resort, Disneyland Paris，and Hong Kong Disneyland. The new series, Alice Comedies, was reasonably 6.________ (success)，and featured both Dawn O' Day and Margie Gay as Alice. By the time the series ended in 1927，the focus was more on a cat named Julius.Disney's cartoons became 7.________(wide) popular in the Kansas City area. Through their success，Disney was able to acquire his own studio, also called Laugh－O －Gram, for which he hired a vast number of additional animators. Unfortunately, the studio profits were 8.________(sufficient) to cover the high salaries paid to 9.________(employ)，for Walt was 10.________(able) to successfully manage money then. As a result, the studiobecame loaded with debt. Disney then decided to set up a studio in the movie industry's capital city, Hollywood, California.答案：1.director 2.entertainment 3.producers 4.noted5．original 6.successful 7.widely 8.insufficient 9.employees 10.unableCM：Hi，Mr. Green!W：Hi，Liu Ping. Mr. Li plans to send me to Qingdao for a business meeting.M：Well. It's good for you to have the chance 1.________(visit) more places while working in our company.W：Yes，it is. By the way，2.________ is the weather there?M：Er, generally, it is very pleasant，3.________(especial) in summer. But it is a bit cool in spring and autumn.W：What about the environment?M：On 4.________ whole, the environment is very beautiful，especially along the coast. There are lovely beaches, evergreen grass lands and beautiful parks. 5.________ there is one thing that isn't so good.W: What's that?M: The weather is 6.________(pollute), quite badly polluted from what I hear. W: Oh, that's terrible. How about the inner part of the city away from the coast? M：Er，it's also very pretty 7.________ in the industrial area 8.________ the air is a little dirty.W: Nowadays, pollution is a serious problem worldwide. Our city has the same problem 9.________ you can see here.M: Yes, thankfully, people 10.________ (become) more aware of the environmental pollution and thinking about different ways to solve it.1．解析：考查非谓语动词。
【名师伴你行】高考英语一轮复习 语法精讲系列 讲座一 构词法课件
……地方(人)的 China→Chinese中国(人)的
politics→political政治的， science→scientific科学的
child→childish孩子气的 collect→collective集体的 danger→dangerous危险的 friend→friendly友好的 wind→windy多风的
例词
enrich使丰富 international国际的 recycle再循环，rewrite重写 telescope望远镜 automatic自动的 cooperate合作 multicultural多文化的
inter- 在……之间
anti- 反对，抵抗 antibody抗体，antifreeze防冻剂
名词/代词＋名词
名词＋动名词 形容词＋名词 动名词＋名词 动词＋名词
动词＋副词
副词＋动词
还有一些以其他方式构成的合成名词。如： well-being福利，by-product副产品，good-for-nothing无用之 人，go-between中间人，commander-in-chief总司令 2．合成形容词 构成方式 形容词＋名词＋-ed 形容词＋现在分词 形容词＋名词 例词 noble-minded高尚的，ood-tempered脾气好的 good-looking好看的，fine-sounding动听的 high-class高级的，large-scale大规模的 duty-free免税的，airsick晕机的
3．形容词转化为动词
The train slowed down to half its speed.
火车速度减慢了一半。 The classroom gradually quieted down.
高考英语一轮复习 语法突破 第1讲 构词法课件
－(ss)ion
－ing
hear→hearing听力；听觉 begin→beginning开始
考点归纳
－ment
achieve→achievement功绩；成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 fail→failure失败；没做到 depart→departure离开；出发 press→pressure压力 mix→mixture混合；混合物 recover→recovery恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery发现 choose→choice选择 vary→variety多样化；种类 tend→tendency趋向；趋势
技巧点拨
主句中没有其他谓语动词，appear应为谓语动词，由后面从句的谓语动 词的时态可知，用一般过去时，若填appeared，与后面的原因状语从句 意义相矛盾，应填disappeared才通顺。
考点归纳
一、形容词加－ly变为副词的规律 1．一般情况加－ly。如： real→really/careful→carefully/polite→politely/quick→quickly。 2．“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为－ily。如： angry→angrily/busy→busily/heavy→heavily。 3．以－ble结尾的，将ble改为－bly。如： probable→probably/possible→possibly。 4．个别单词，去掉e再加－ly。如：gentle→gently/true→truly
大一轮复习· 英语
语法突破 第一讲 构词法
精题在线 技巧点拨 考点归纳
精题在线
答案
1．That would be a very ________(reason) thing to do in a big city. 在名词前作定语要用形容词。 reasonable
2017年高考英语一轮复习语法专题第一讲构词法新人教版.doc
语法专题复习第一讲构词法一、构词法的分类1．派生法，即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。
如：rich adj . 富有的→enrich v．丰富home n．家→homeless adj. 无家可归的2．转换法，即同一单词具有多种词性，也即词性活用。
如：back n．背→back v．支持slow adj . 慢的→slow v．减慢You can use the_water in the ditch to water the flowers.你可用沟里的水浇花。
3．合成法，即由两个单词合成一个单词。
如：blackboard n．黑板hand- made adj . 手工制作的二、派生词在高考英语试卷的语法填空题中，有两到三个小题涉及派生词。
因此，我们此讲的重点为派生词。
( 一) 名词后缀1．动词＋-ion/-tion/-sion →名词( 表示动作或动作过程)correct v．改正；纠正correction n．改正celebrate v．庆祝celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会conclude v．完成；结束conclusion n．结论；结束2．动词＋-er/-or →名词( 表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶driver n．司机；驾驶员gather v．聚集；采集gatherer n．收集者；采集者conduct v．指挥；管理conductor n．指挥；售票员3．动词＋-ment→名词punish v．惩罚punishment n．惩罚4．动词/ 形容词＋-th →名词warm adj . 温暖的warmth n．温暖grow v．生长growth n．生长5．形容词＋-y →名词difficult adj . 困难的difficulty n．困难honest adj . 诚实的honesty n．诚实6．形容词＋-ness →名词kind adj . 善良的kindness n．善良7．动词＋-ance→名词annoy vt . 使烦恼annoyance n．生气；烦恼8．-ship 结尾的名词( 表示身份、关系、资格)member n．成员；会员membership n．会员资格professor n．教授professorship n．教授身份9．-ing 结尾的名词garden n．花园gardening n．园艺greet v．打招呼；问候greeting n．问候10．-age 结尾的名词marry v．结婚marriage n．婚姻short adj . 短的shortage n. 短缺强化训练一用所给单词的适当形式填空。
2025版一轮总复习语法专题突破专题1第2讲掌握英语必备构词法
Ⅱ.英译汉(注意黑体转化词的用法) 1．He shouldered his way through the crowd. _他__用__肩__膀__推__开__人__群__前__进____。 2．We will try our best to better our living conditions. _我__们__将__尽__力__改__善__我__们__的__生__活__条__件_____。 3．He didn't know the difference between right and wrong. _他__不__辨__是__非__。______
合成
good-looking, easy-going, ordinary-looking
式→形容词
即时演练 Ⅰ.根据汉语意思及构词法写出派生词或合成词 1．__b_ab_y_-_s_it_t_er___ n. 看孩子的人 2．__fa_s_t-_f_o_o_d__ n. 快餐 3．__k_in_d_-_h_e_a_rt_e_d__ adj.好心肠的 4．__m_i_d_d_le_-_a_g_ed__ adj.中年的 5．__tw__o_-y_e_a_r_-o_l_d__ adj.两岁大的 6．happy adj.高兴的→_u_n_h_a_p_p_y_ adj.不高兴的 7．develop vt.发展→_d_e_v_e_lo_p_m__e_n_t _ n．发展 8．employ vt.雇用→_u_n_e_m__p_lo_y_m__e_n_t n．失业
Fat Bear Week began in 2014 as Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park worker at Katmai, noticed that live cameras __5_._sh_o_w__in_g__(show) the bears generated a lot of online comments. He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Facebook. The one-day event _6_.a_t_tr_a_c_te_d_____ (attract) just 1,700 votes in 2014. Last year's week-long contest collected nearly 800,000. Fans gather together _7_._h_a_p_p_il_y___ (happy)
2019版高三英语一轮复习第2部分语法专题突破专题1构词法教师用书北师大版20180411171
专题一构词法[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)However，becareful(care) not to go to extremes.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were usedto pull the carriages and it must have beenfairly(fair) unpleasant for thepassengers，with all the smoke and noise.语法填空中主要考查：1．给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；2．给出动词，填写名词或形容词；3．给出名词，填写形容词。
短文改错1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and Icame to a suddenly→sudden stop just in themiddle of the road.2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time，they are interesting→interested inplanting vegetables in their garden，whichis on the rooftop of their house.1.形容词和副词的错用；2．形容词和名词的错用；3．ed与ing形容词的错用。
(对应学生用书第169页)形容词变副词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·江西红色七校一联)He sat down and started gently(gentle) talking to the dog.2．Similarly(similar)，when Ron Webster borrowed a book from the library of the University of Liverpool，he forgot to return it，too.3．But such a small thing couldn't possibly(possible)destroy a village.【导学号：33220091】Ⅱ.单句改错1．Parents and teachers always think students should spend more time on their studies，but students themselves think different.different→differently 2．(2017·宿迁三校质检)She tore up the letter angry and threw it into the dustbin.angry→angrily【导学号：33220092】[再解读要点]变化形式例词一般情况下直接加“ly”quick →quickly fluent →fluently stupid →stupidly少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加ly；绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加ly true →truly polite →politely wide →widely wise →wisely nice →nicely以“y”结尾的，且读音为 /I/, 先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”；但是如果读音为 /aI/, 直接加ly happy →happily heavy →heavily angry →angrily busy →busily dry →dryly shy →shyly以ic结尾的词，加ally economic →economically basic →basically(例外：public →publicly)以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y；元音字母加le时，直接加ly simple →simply terrible →terribly gentle →gently possible →possibly probable →probably sole →solely (例外：whole →wholly)形容词变名词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．My English improved a lot；more importantly，I gained much confidence (confident)．2．That little act of kindness(kind) made everyone who saw it feel good－but it made me feel the best of all!Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·山东师大附中月考)We fear that we do not have the strong and courage to face the truth of our situation.strong→strength[再解读要点]后缀例词age short →shortage不足；短缺cy efficient →efficiency效率；功效fluent →fluency流利；流畅accurate →accuracy准确性private →privacy隐私；私密dom free →freedom自由；自主wise →wisdom明智；智慧ne ss weak →weakness虚弱；弱点kind →kindness仁慈；好意careless →carelessness粗心大意dark →darkness黑暗th strong →strength力气；强项warm →warmth温暖；热情true →truth真相；真理wide →width宽度y ty ity diffic ult →difficulty困难cruel →cruelty残酷；残暴safe →safety安全disable →disability无能；残疾responsible →responsibility责任动词、名词变形容词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．The highspeed train that connects the two cities is both fast and comfortable (comfort)．2．Not only the teachers but also the students find the website beneficial(benefit)．3．(2017·安徽江南十校联考)He was more than just an English teacher，because he also taught me useful(use) lessons in life.【导学号：33220093】Ⅱ.单句改错1．Most people nowadays are so busy with their lives that they do not have time to enjoy a healthy and balance diet.balance→balanc ed2．(2017·黑龙江大庆调研)I don't think it a reason practice for them to behave that way in our society.reason→reasonable[再解读要点]后缀例词able accept →acceptable可接受的comfort →comfortable舒适的fashion →fashionable时髦的suit →suitable合适的reason →reasonable有道理的al ben efit →beneficial有益的music →musical音乐的origin →original最初的person →personal个人的；私人的center →central中央的；中心的nature →natural自然的；天生的form →formal正式的nation →national全国的ful doubt →doubtful怀疑的forget →forgetful健忘的harm →harmful有害的hope →hopeful有希望的peace →peaceful和平的care →careful细心的use →useful有用的success →successful成功的help →helpful有帮助的(e)d scare →scared感到恐惧的confuse →confused感到困惑的puzzle →puzzled迷惑的worry →worried担心的beard →bearded有胡须的talent →talented有才能的underline →underlined加下划线的b alance →balanced均衡的ing surprise →surprising令人惊讶的convince →convincing令人信服的satisfy →satisfying令人满意的worry →worrying令人担心的bore →boring令人厌烦的ible access →accessible容易达到的；容易取得的horror →horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror →terrible可怕的ive act →active积极的；活跃的ef fect →effective有效的；生效的attract →attractive有吸引力的impress →impressive给人深刻印象的instruct →instructive有教育意义的expense →expensive昂贵的ous continue →continuous不断的；持续的anxiety →anxious忧虑的caution →cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity →curious好奇的humor →humorous幽默的some tire →tiresome令人厌倦的trouble →troublesome麻烦的y taste →tasty美味的；可口的health →healthy健康的wealth →wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt →dirty有灰尘的；脏的rain →rainy有雨的sun →sunny阳光明媚的cloud →cloudy阴天的ern east →eastern东方的；向东的west →western西方的；向西的ish child →childish孩子气的fool →foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self →selfish自私的ic science →scientific科学的economy →economic经济的history →historic历史上著名的动词变名词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·山东泰安一模)It is necessary to have a physical examination(examine) every year.2．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)．3．Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·湖北八校联考)It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your pronounce.pronounce→pronunciation【导学号：33220094】[再解读考点]后缀例词ion/sion/ ation correct →correction改正attract →attraction吸引conclude →conclusion结论；结束decide →decision决定admit →admission接纳；准许入学invite →invitation邀请explain →explanation解释expect →expectation期望er/or teach →teacher老师announce →announcer播音员conduct →conductor指挥；售票员ment punish →punishment惩罚achieve →achievement功绩；成就argue →argument辩论；论据equip →equipment装备；设备ance/ence appear →appearance出现；外貌perform →performance表演；节目exist →existence存在；生存prefer →preference偏爱ing hear →hearing听力；听觉begin →beginning开始ure/ture fail →failure失败press →pressure压力mix →mixture混合；混合物depart →departure离开；出发y recover →recovery恢复；痊愈discover →discovery发现其他choose →choice选择vary →variety多样化；种类tend →tendency趋向；趋势变动词的前缀与后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．You should loosen(loose) up your muscles before playing any sport.2．My mother encouraged(courage) me and insisted that I continue my education. 3．Our government attaches much importance to education now，which enables(able) so many people to be well educated.Ⅱ.单句改错1．If you want to live a simple life，you need to simple your mind.第二个simple→simplify2．If you deep your knowledge or understanding of a subject，you will learn more about it and become more interested in it.deep→deepen[再解读考点]前/后缀例词前缀enable →enable使能够large →enlarge扩大rich →enrich使充实；使丰富danger →endanger危及courage →encourage鼓励后缀enbroad →broaden使变宽ripe →ripen使成熟sharp →sharpen使尖锐wide →widen加宽short →shorten变短deep →deepen加深dark →darken使变暗hard →harden使变硬ifyclass →classify把……分类just →justify证明……正确simple →simplify简化beauty →beautify美化ize apology →apologize道歉emphasis →emphasize强调memory →memorize记住real →realize认识到；实现表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017·山东青岛一模)As they couldn't play outdoors，they were unhappy (happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.2．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)．3．Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017·甘肃张掖中学月考)I know as an excellent guide I should make your journey interesting and meaningless.meaningless→meaningful[再解读要点]前/后缀例词前缀disagree →disagree不同意advantage →disadvantage缺点appear →disappear消失comfort →discomfort不舒适的honest →dishonest不诚实的illegal →illegal不合法的logical →illogical不合逻辑的impolite →impolite无礼的patient →impatient不耐烦的moral →immoral不道德的informal →informal非正式的convenient →inconvenient不方便的direct →indirect不直接的irregular →irregular不规则的responsible →irresponsible不负责任的mislead →mislead误导understand →misunderstand误解unusual →unusual不寻常的willing →unwilling不愿意的happy →unhappy不高兴的known →unknown不出名的后缀lesshope →hopeless绝望的end →endless没完没了的care →careless粗心的help →helpless无助的use →useless无用的(对应学生用书第173页)[核心考点针对练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．I usually memorize(memory) twenty new words a day and put them to use whenever possible.2．They are trying to widen(wide) the discussion to include environmental issues. 3．There are so many different labels on food nowadays.They are not only confusing(confuse) but also misleading.4．If we carry our burden all the time，sooner or later，as the burden becomes increasingly(increase) heavy，we won't be able to carry on.5．It snowed heavily(heavy) last night and now the streets are covered with snow. 6．He sank into depression(depress) when both his parents left him and went to the south in search of a betterpaid job.【导学号：33220095】7．It is illegal(legal) to drive after drinking alcohol in our country now. 8．(2017·河南中原名校期中联考)People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is no knowledge is useless(use)．9．(2017·广东省揭阳市二模)Mike was dying to apply for a new job，but he was unconfident of himself，for he thought of himself as a failure(fail) and unworthy of success.10．The report can be conveniently(convenient) divided into three main sections. Ⅱ.单句改错1．Every one of us is working hardly in the classroom，preparing for the coming exam.hardly→hard2．(2017·东北师大附中月考)Before waiting for about half an hour，I was beginning to get impatiently.impatiently→impatient3．Although parents should take good care of their young children，they don't necessary do anything for them.necessary→necessarily4．It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them repeated.repeated→repeatedly5．Her disappointing look showed that she failed the exam again.disappointing→disappointed[高考题型综合练]Ⅰ.语法填空(2017·湖南六校联盟联考)Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread，pasta or fruit？Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans？These things are not accidents.Food affects 1 we feel more than we think.Scientists researching 2 (it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat.Although our moods relate 3 having various food，it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions.If that 4 (be) the case，athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race.Another chemical 5 (connect) with our moods is caffeine，which 6 (find) in coffee，chocolate and many types of tea，and it is perhaps 7 worst thing you can have when you are feeling stressed.Of course，enjoying a nice meal with friends，whatever we eat，can also impact our spirits.Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing 8 (happy)．Most 9 (important)，though，remember the following old rule: try to eat different food， 10 not too much.【语篇解读】我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。
2025版高考英语一轮总复习第二部分基础语法讲练专题一词法篇第9讲构词法词性转化
专题一词法篇第9讲构词法(词性转化)★冲关训练→专练如何解Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will (undoubted) help you get refreshed!2.(2024·全国新高考Ⅱ卷)I told him how (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.3.(2024·全国新高考Ⅰ卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their (day) routines.4.(2024·全国新高考Ⅱ卷)Provide (finance) aid and other benefits for local people.5.(2024·全国高考卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved (gentle) along the river, he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.6.(2024·天津卷)According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is (option).7.(2024·全国高考卷Ⅲ)Filled with (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.8.(2024·江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable (transform).9.Her assistance and encouragement were so beneficial to his psychology that he adapted to his (disable) soon.10.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.【答案】1.undoubtedly。
第01讲名词(讲义)--2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
►第01讲名词〔讲义〕【复习目标】1.娴熟把握名词单数变复数的根本规那么；2.把握常考不行数名词的用法；3.依据句意或主谓全都原那么确定名词的数；4.把握名词的格；5.娴熟把握名词构词法：通过名词与形容词、名词与冠词之间的修饰关系以及在句中所作成分，依据名词的构词法，确定名词的恰当形式。
【考情分析】近年高考真题名词考点细目表分数，级别，程dish→dishes;58.given名词题型命题规律【网络构建】名词的单、复数变化形式规那么变化名词的单、复数变化特殊形式1〕可数名词复数形式的不规那么变化易错点：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是men 和women。
如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bow mans。
2）复合名词变复数复合名词变复数时，通常只将其中的主体名词变成复数。
如：bedroombedrooms卧房; lookeronlookerson旁观者; passerbypassersby过路人;editorinchiefeditorsinchief总编；daughterinlawdaughtersinlaw儿媳妇；假如没有主体名词，那么将最终一局部变成复数。
如：gobetweengobetweens中间人；lookoutlookouts守望者；grownupgrownups成年人易错点：man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式。
a man doctortwo men doctors3)集体名词，以单数形式消失，但表示复数意义如：people; police ;cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle,the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
高考英语一轮复习第二部分语法专练专题课件十一构词法
2.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-months-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. three-months-old→three-month-old 答案 three-months-old→three-month-old 复合形容词three-months-old 使用错误,名词应用单数形式。 3.Stephen Francis observed eighteen-years-old Shelly Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.
smoke and noise.
答案 fairly 空格处在句中作状语,修饰形容词unpleasant,故填提示词
的副词形式。
2.Dr. Barone was my doctor when I was a kid, and even though I was probably (probable) just another patient to her, to me she was more than just my doctor. 答案 probably 空格处在句中作状语,故空格处填副词probably。 3.(2015广东) Luckily (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. 答案 Luckily 空格处作状语,用于修饰整个句子,故空格处填提示词 的副词形式。 单句改错 4.(2016课标全国Ⅰ)Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. steady→steadily 答案 steady→steadily 句尾的词在句中作状语,用于修饰动词,故 steady改为steadily。
(完整word版)高中英语构词法精讲与练习
高中英语构词法讲解与练习一. 类别：英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二. 定义与精讲1. 转化法：英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
（1）动词转化为名词①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，Let's go out for a walk.②有时意思有一定变化，如：He is a man of strong build.③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，Let's have a swim.（2）名词转化为动词①很多表示物件，Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?②身体部位，Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，She nursed her husband back to health. ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。
We lunched together. 我们在一起吃了午餐。
3）形容词转化为动词：有少数形容词可以转化为动词。
We will try our best to better our living conditions.4）副词转化为动词：有少数副词可以转化为动词。
Murder will out.（谚语）恶事终必将败露。
5）形容词转化为名词①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，You should be dressed in black at the funeral.②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured 等与the 连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下：The old in our village are living a happy life.2.派生法：在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
2016届高考英语一轮复习语法精讲系列讲座一构词法对点训练
讲座一构词法一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1．(2014·安徽卷)—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?—That's a good________(suggest)．2．(2014·浙江卷)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others________(blind)．3．(2014·湖北卷)What was so ________ (impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.4．(2014·湖北卷)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________(sharp)，“Don't be so mean，” point ing a finger of warning at her.5．(2014·福建卷)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)________(efficiency)way of reaching target customers.6．“That would be a very________(reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.7．But such a small thing couldn't________(possible) destroy a village.8．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be________(equal)respected.9．My first________(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.10．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future________(refer)．11．(2015·浙江名校联盟第一次联考)I can't tell you how much the precious painting is worth，but it is________(rough)assessed at $ 100 million.12．(2015·武汉武昌调研)Although she brushed the old pot________(thorough)，she could not make it completely clean，which made her very upset.13．(2015·杭州高考科目教学质检)The naughty boy entered the classroom________(caution)，fearing that his teacher would blame him.14．(2015·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for________(promise) young players of great potential for better performances in the coming season.15．(2015·武汉高中毕业生调研)When she was in elementary school，Dianawas________(enthusiasm) about becoming a police officer，but quit the ambition after learning that she won't be able to dye her hair or wear her favorite necklace and rings.16．(2015·湖北黄冈质检)Life is stressful，and complaining may be considered by many as an extension of being________(absolute) normal.17．(2015·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)His confidence built up________(gradual)as he gained more and more experience in teaching.18．The boy felt________(comfort)with his new classmates so he seldom spoke.19．I have no time to talk about such an________(important) matter.It's a waste of time.20．The film which is on at the cinema this week is Fight for________(free)．答案：1.suggestion 解析：句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是一个很好的建议。
2021版高考英语一轮复习语法构词法课件新人教版
(5)ir-
(7)dis-
irregular不规 (6)non-
dislike不喜欢
则的
non-violent非暴力的 disapprove不赞成
irrelevant不相 non-profit非盈利的 dishonest不诚实的
关的
disadvantage弊端,不利条件
2.表示其他意义的常见前缀
(1)en- 使……
(2)表示其他意义的常见名词后缀
①-th truth真相 strength力量,强项 width宽度 warmth温暖
②-dom freedom自由 boredom无聊, 厌烦 wisdom智慧
⑦-(t)y
⑥-ance/-ence
difficulty
importance重要性 困难
appearance出现,相貌 loyalty忠诚
impressive
(5)-ic/-ical historic有历史意义的 energetic精力充沛的 historical历史的
人的
印象深刻的
(6)-ous
famous著名的 (7)-ful
(8)-less
dangerous 危 wonderful精彩的 careless粗心的
险的
beautiful美丽的 homeless无家可归的
⑧-al
arrival到达
⑨-ure
approval 赞 成 , failure失败
批准
pressure压力
survivon竞争 construction 建设 discussion讨论 conclusion结论 admission接纳, 准许入学
②-or inventor发明家 actor演员 visitor游客
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
讲座一构词法一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空1．(2014·安徽卷)—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?—That's a good________(suggest)．2．(2014·浙江卷)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others________(blind)．3．(2014·湖北卷)What was so ________ (impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.4．(2014·湖北卷)Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said ________(sharp)，“Don't be so mean，” point ing a finger of warning at her.5．(2014·福建卷)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as a(n)________(efficiency)way of reaching target customers.6．“That would be a very________(reason)thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，”Nick said.7．But such a small thing couldn't________(possible) destroy a village.8．Anyone，whether he is an official or a bus driver，should be________(equal)respected.9．My first________(impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.10．You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future________(refer)．11．(2015·浙江名校联盟第一次联考)I can't tell you how much the precious painting is worth，but it is________(rough)assessed at $ 100 million.12．(2015·武汉武昌调研)Although she brushed the old pot________(thorough)，she could not make it completely clean，which made her very upset.13．(2015·杭州高考科目教学质检)The naughty boy entered the classroom________(caution)，fearing that his teacher would blame him.14．(2015·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for________(promise) young players of great potential for better performances in the coming season.15．(2015·武汉高中毕业生调研)When she was in elementary school，Dianawas________(enthusiasm) about becoming a police officer，but quit the ambition after learning that she won't be able to dye her hair or wear her favorite necklace and rings.16．(2015·湖北黄冈质检)Life is stressful，and complaining may be considered by many as an extension of being________(absolute) normal.17．(2015·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)His confidence built up________(gradual)as he gained more and more experience in teaching.18．The boy felt________(comfort)with his new classmates so he seldom spoke.19．I have no time to talk about such an________(important) matter.It's a waste of time.20．The film which is on at the cinema this week is Fight for________(free)．答案：1.suggestion 解析：句意：——如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？——这是一个很好的建议。
故填suggestion。
2．blindly 解析：句意：教育的目的就是教会年轻人独立思考，不盲从别人。
blindly“盲目地”，修饰动词follow.3．impressive 解析：句意：关于贾斯敏·韦斯特兰的胜利，令人印象深刻的是她在马拉松比赛中赤脚跑了第一名。
所填词在句中做表语，故应填形容词形式；impressive“令人印象深刻的”。
4．sharply 解析：句意：萨布里娜刚说完话，阿尔伯特就用手指指着她厉声说道：“不要太刻薄了。
”空格处所填词修饰said，做状语，故填副词形式，sharply“严厉地，尖刻地”。
5．efficient 解析：句意：随着网上购物越来越流行，因特网被认为是一种联系目标顾客的有效方式。
所填词做定语修饰way，应用形容词，efficiency的形容词是efficient“有效的”。
6．reasonable 解析：thing为名词，故用形容词修饰，且根据句意“那是一件非常合理的事情”只能用reasonable“合理的”，符合语境。
7．possibly 解析：此处要用副词修饰后面的动词destroy，故用possibly表示“可能地”。
8．equally 解析：此处用equally“平等地”来表示an official与a bus driver应该受到同等的尊敬，修饰动词respect。
9．impression 解析：句意：他给我的第一印象是，他是一个善良、体贴的年轻人。
“一个善良、体贴的年轻人”是留给别人的印象，因此填impression。
10．reference 解析：记下电话号码是以备日后参考，for future reference是字典中的典型表达。
11．roughly 解析：句意：我没法告诉你这幅珍贵的画值多少钱，但是它大致可估价1亿美元。
roughly“粗略地”。
12．thoroughly 解析：句意：尽管她把这个旧罐子彻底清洗了，但还是没有把它完全洗干净，这让她很心烦。
根据句意可知应用thoroughly，表示“彻底地”，修饰动词brush。
13．cautiously 解析：句意：这个顽皮的男孩害怕老师会责备他，小心冀翼地走进了教室。
cautiously“小心翼翼地”，符合句意。
14．promising 解析：句意：为了下个赛季有更好的表现，篮球教练员们抓紧时间去寻找有巨大潜力的年轻球员。
promising“有前途的，有希望的”。
15．enthusiastic 解析：句意：戴安娜读小学的时候特别想当警官，但是当她知道当了警官后就不能染发，不能戴自己最喜爱的项链和戒指的时候她就放弃了这个梦想。
后面说“quit the ambition”，因此这里表示当初她对此很热衷，用enthusiastic表示“热心的，极感兴趣的”。
16．absolutely 解析：句意：生活是有压力的，因此埋怨被很多人看作是一种情理之中的发泄。
absolutely表示“绝对地，完全地”，是副词，修饰形容词normal。
17．gradually 解析：句意：随着教学经验的不断增加，他的信心逐渐增强。
gradually“逐渐地，渐渐地”，符合句意。
18．uncomfortable 解析：从he seldom spoke可以看出，这个男孩感到不自在。
19．unimportant 解析：从a waste of time可以看出，这是不重要的事情。
20．Freedom 解析：Fight for Freedom《为自由而战》。
电影名称，所以大写。
二、语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private 1.________(safety)．They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 2.________(equip) to dig holes and destroy walls on Saturday night.They tied up a 3.________(secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.One 4.________(investigate) described the 5.________(rob) as a “6.________(profession) job”. The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday and left at 7：00 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the 7.________(neighbour) building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80cm thick to get into the bank，which was having building works at the time.When they left，the robbers set the place on fire to 8.________(move) any trace of evidence，switching on the antifire system and flooding the building.9.________(fortune)，the guard escaped 10.________(harm)．It is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the bank'sclients (储户) know the content of their private safes.答案：1.safes 2.equipment 3.security 4.investigator 5．robbery 6.professional 7.neighbouring 8.remove 9．Fortunately 10.unharmed。