重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三(上)一诊模拟卷
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三语文一模试卷及答案
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三语文一模试卷及答案一、现代文阅读（36分）(一)现代文阅读I(9分)阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
梅花为谁开徐慧芬他一身唐装，怀抱一束梅花。
要不是这身唐装的过于华美，我简直要怀疑这是一位古代雅士穿越到我面前来。
几天前突然接到他的电话，问我是否还记得他这位学生。
当然是记得的，绘画有禀赋，美术作业常受到我夸赞。
虽然毕业后师生少有往来，但还是知道他离校后一直与绘画结缘。
雪天里，迎面扑来的清香，让我感动，我欣喜地把他迎进屋。
坐下来，他从信封里掏出一张折叠得整整齐齐的报纸，指着上面一篇文章给我看。
原来这是我几天前刊登在晚报上的一篇文章。
“老师，我才知道你还写作呢，这篇《梅花为谁开》，借花说人，切中时弊，许多话说到我心坎上。
我还记得美术课您教我们画梅花时的情景，您讲了古人是如何喜欢梅花的故事，比如林和靖的梅妻鹤子，王冕的梅花墨池，您还给我们介绍了古今画坛上的一些画梅高手……”他进入了回忆，我眼前也开始出现了教室里一张张质朴稚嫩的面孔。
“老师还记得我们班那个最调皮的大雄吗？那次画梅花，您说可以题两句诗在自己的画上，结果大雄在他的画上题了‘梅花梅花我爱你，就像老鼠爱大米’，结果他同桌的女生林梅花一下子哭了起来。
”“难得你对过去的美术课还有这么清晰的记忆，过去的同学你还联系多吗？”我问。
“大多不联系了，人大了以后各有各的生活圈子，我也忙得很，现在的精力主要是在画画上，平时交往的也都是这个圈子里的人。
”“啊，那你今天怎么有空来呢？”“看老师说的，前几天我读了您的这篇文章，真后悔没及早来拜访您，我和您一样喜爱梅花啊，梅花的精神太令人神往了！”接着他从手提包里取出一卷梅花图，一一展开来。
呀，真炫人眼睛！浓墨重彩，构图不拘……“过去我什么都画，人到中年了也没搞出啥名堂，这两年我改变路数，集中精力盯着梅花这一个品种来画，老师，您给提提意见。
”“哦，你很有想法，胆子也大，借用了现代画的一些理念。
”“老师到底是行家，我的想法是，任何画都要跳出古人的窠臼，梅花为什么一定要画得那么孤傲冷清呢，时代在变，人的审美眼光也会变，我的梅花就要让它奔放，绚丽，热闹，在表现形式上，我也尽量‘不择手段’……”他滔滔不绝，把我最后想要表达的一点意见堵住了。
巴蜀中学高三(上)一模试题——语文
重庆市巴蜀中学高三第一次诊断性模拟考试语文试题卷注意事项：1、本试卷共8页，考试时间150分钟。
满分150分。
2、答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号准确填写在答题卡上。
3、作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
一、现代文阅读（共35分）（一）阅读下面一篇论述类文章，完成1~3题。
（9分，每小题3分）中国传统文化视野下的绚丽之美魏家骏在中国传统文化中，朴素为美是一种基本的生活观念，也是一种基本的美学观念。
朴实无华，清新自然，成为美的最高形态。
这一美学观有其合理性的一面，在强调“文以载道”的前提下，提倡文学艺术表现手段的质朴与简洁，更能体现文学的实用价值。
从上古时代到春秋时代，由于生产力水平的低下，一般观念上都强调满足人的最基本的生活需要，反对追求华丽的奢侈，不但老百姓不可能有超越生产力发展水平和自身的社会地位的享受，就是贵为天子的君主，也不应该一味地贪图享乐。
《尚书〃五子之歌》：“训有之：内作色荒，外作禽荒。
甘酒嗜音，峻宇彫墙。
有一于此，未或不亡。
”把华丽的美与奢侈的生活欲望简单地等同起来，甚至认为追求华丽的美就是一个国家衰败和灭亡的根本原因。
《国语〃楚语上》：“夫美也者，上下、内外、大小、远近皆无害焉，故曰美。
若于目观则美，缩于财用则匮，是聚民利以自封而瘠民也，胡美之为？”这是倡导朴实之美的最基本的经济的和政治的原因，与此同时，传统美学观也就把对美的鉴赏和崇尚纳入了政治风格和道德评价领域，成为一种带有普遍意义的超美学的标准。
朴素，作为一种美的形态，就是在这样一种前提下提出来的。
老子在时代的变革面前，希望回到“小国寡民”的上古社会去，因此提出了把“见素抱朴，少私寡欲”作为一种治国的原则。
老子极端反对文学艺术的精巧与美丽，他认为，那种美丽的色彩不但对人的心理是一种摧残，而且对整个社会都是很可怕的腐蚀剂。
在美与真的关系上，老子认为“信言不美，美言不信”，既然如此，艺术创作就只能对客观存在的现实作简单的描摩与再现，而无须作艺术的修饰，这正是老子的“无为”的政治理想、“大巧若拙”的社会理想在艺术创作领域的推广与贯彻，也正是朴素为美的美学观念的源头。
重庆市2021届高三(上)一诊模拟语文试卷[答案]
![重庆市2021届高三(上)一诊模拟语文试卷[答案]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/69bb2fc6e87101f69f3195c5.png)
重庆市2021届高三（上）一诊模拟卷语文试卷一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
自古以来，东西方都重视美育对立德树人的作用。
古希腊柏拉图曾在《理想国》中提出音乐教育对于培养城邦公民勇敢、节制、正义等美德的重要性。
而美育之于数千年中华民族社会发展与文化传承亦功不唐捐。
上古时期，中国便已出现诗、乐、舞三位一体的乐教；西周建立起来的礼乐文化制度，则对中国数千年文明产生了极为深远的影响。
春秋时期，孔子提出的“兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐”“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺”等思想，更奠定了审美教育特别是艺术教育在中国文化中不可替代的地位。
孔子深知艺术审美的力量，虽然“礼”与“德”已由德育内化为一种心理要求，但只有“成于乐”“游于艺”的美育才是最高境界。
在此，道德目标通过审美转化，成为自由人性的有机组成而发端内心，让枯燥严肃的理性染上灵动的色彩。
孔子的美育思想是后世文以载道的理论基础，也是其精神价值核心所在，被此后的儒家所继承。
如战国孟子提出“充实之谓美”；西汉《乐记》提出“乐者，伦理者也”；宋明理学经广泛吸收佛道理论之后，将美育理论本体化、精致化、体系化，提倡洒落自得、浑然至乐的人生风范和人生境界，强调通过“乐”这一自由心境的体验，达到真、善、美及知、情、意的统一等等。
不难看出，中国传统美育不仅传授艺术形式带来的审美情感，而且蕴含深厚浓郁的家国情怀、社会理性与道德精神。
事实上，道德和艺术正是中华传统文化两大精神基石，中华人文精神亦由此带有泓邃的审美品格。
如钱穆所言：“文学必在道义中，而道义则求其艺术化。
中国之人生乐处，即在是矣。
岂非中国之文化特质乎！”在中国，艺术与道德的有机结合，涵养出一种人格审美求善的美育文化和美育精神，甚至不妨说，中华传统文化精神的形成方式和渠道就是美育。
纵观历代中国社会，无不将生活化、道德化的艺术作为人格培养的基本手段。
这种通过审美中介来实现外在规范向内在自觉的转变，迥异于德国哲学家康德对抽象“先验理性”或“道德律令”的绝对服从，而是融合具体情境，一方面在艺术审美中追求人格的道德境界，另一方面又在道德培养中追求人格的艺术境界，最终实现“从心所欲不逾矩”的极致。
重庆市巴蜀中学2020┄2021届高三上学期第一次模拟考试英语试题
第I卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）请听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒种的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why does the man need the woman’s help？A. He doesn’t have a car.B. He can’t find the doctor’s office.C. He will be unable to drive for a while.2. What does the woman imply？A. She can afford the painting.B. The man’s idea is impractical.C. The painting costs too much.3. What did the man probably just do？A. He used the woman’s computer.B. He showed up without calling first.C. He woke the woman up by accident.4. How long will the meeting last probably, according to the man？A. Two hours.B. Three hours.C. Four hours.5. What does the woman want to do？A. Get a discount on her gas.B. Look at a new car.C. Have her car washed.第二节（共15道小题；每道1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面4段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A,B,C三个选项中选择出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2021届重庆市巴蜀中学高三高考第一次适应性考试英语试题
重庆市巴蜀中学2020-2021学年高三高考第一次适应性考试英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮檫干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在打题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a supermarket.B. In the post office.C. In the street.2. What did Carl do?A. He designed a medal.B. He fixed a TV set.C. He took a test.3. What does the man do?A. He's a tailor.B. He's a waiter.C. He's a shop assistant.4. When will the flight arrive?A. At 18：20.B. At 18：35.C. At 18：50.5. How can the man improve his article?A. By deleting unnecessary words.B. By adding a couple of points.C. By correcting grammar mistakes.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三上学期一诊模拟考试试题 理综物理
物理二、选择题：第14~17题只有一项符合题目要求，第18~21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
14.最新物理概念的建立和物理规律的形成，下列说法不正确的是A. 在定义“瞬时速度”的概念时，利用了微元法B. 伽利略在研究“落体运动”时，利用了演绎法C. 在建立“质点”和“点电荷”的概念时，利用了假设法D. 在万有引力定律的建立过程中，除了牛顿以外，科学家第谷、开普勒、卡文迪许均做出了重要的贡献15.一物体由静止开始沿直线运动，其加速度随时间变化的规律如图5所示。
取物体开始运动的方向为正方向，则下列最新物体运动的描述正确的是图 5A. 在1~2s内，物体做减速运动B. 2s末时物体的速度最大，大小为3m/sC. 在1~3s内，物体做匀变速直线运动D. 在0~4s内，物体先沿正方向运动，后沿负方向运动16.从某国带回一把标有“110V、60Hz、880W”的电咖啡壶，该电咖啡壶利用电热丝加热。
在我国，为使电咖啡壶能正常工作，需要通过变压器与市电相连。
下列说法正确的是A. 可以将电咖啡壶直接与市电相连，只是电功率是3520WB. 电咖啡壶应接在A、B线圈匝数比为2:1的B线圈两端，且B线圈绕制的导线较粗C. 电咖啡壶通过变压器正常工作时，与市电相连的线圈中电流为8AD. 电咖啡壶通过变压器正常工作时，电热丝中的交变电流频率为60Hz17.如图6所示，长为2L的轻质杆两端固定质量分别为m和2m的两小球P、Q，杆可绕中点的轴O 在竖直平面内无摩擦转动。
若给静止于最高点的P球一初速度，使P、Q两球在竖直面内做圆周运动。
不计空气阻力，重力加速度为g，下列说法正确的是A. Q球在运动过程中机械能守恒B. P从最高点运动到最低点过程中杆对其做功为2mgLC. Q到达最高点时杆对其作用力的最小值大小为2mgD. 为使P、Q两球能够做圆周运动，P球的初速度不能小于2gL18.如图7所示，质量为M ，倾角为θ的斜面滑道静置于水平面上，现在一滑板运动员沿斜面匀加速下滑，加速度大小为a .若人与滑板的总质量为m ，则在运动员下滑的过程中A. 滑板受到的摩擦力大小等于(sin )m g a θ-B. 运动员和滑板受到斜面的作用力大小为cos mg θC. 地面对斜面的支持力大小等于()m M g +D. 地面对斜面的摩擦力方向向左，大小为cos ma θ19.地球赤道上的物体随地球自转的向心加速度为a ，地球的同步卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动的轨道半径为r 1，向心加速度为a 1.已知万有引力常量为G ，地球半径为R ，地球赤道表面的加速度为g .下列说法正确的是A. 地球质量2aR M G =B. 地球质量211a r M G= C. a 、a 1、g 的关系是1a a g << D . 加速度之比2121a R a r = 20.如图8所示，磁场方向垂直于纸面，磁感应强度大小在竖直方向均匀分布，水平方向非均匀分布。
2021届重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案
2021届重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A“Why do I feel cold when I have a fever?” “Why does the sun rise in the east?” I knew the day would come when my little girl Sophie would learn to talk and inevitably (不可避免地) start askingthose questions. The questions themselves weren’t worrying me. I was actually looking forward to seeing where her curiosity would lie.What was bothering (烦恼) me was whether or not I would know the answers. In the age of the smartphone, this may seem like a silly worry. The answers to almost everything would be just one Google away.Still, I struggled with how I was going to prepare to become an all-knowing mother. Then one day, it struck me: I didn’t need to have all the answers. What a great example I could set if I let my daughter know that I, too, was still learning. And I realized how much more I could learn if I took another look at things I thought I already knew the answer to with the curiosity of a child. My little girl’s mind is a beginner’s mind--- curious, open to new ideas, eager to learn, and not based on knowledge that already exists. I decided that I would deal with her questions with a beginner’s mind, too.Once I decided to become more curious, I started noticing that curiosity was becoming more important in the workplace, too. It seems that leaders don't need to have all the answers, but they do need to be curious.Curious about curiosity, I searched for answers and found Albert Einstein’s famous words, “I have no special talent. I am only passionately (热情地) curious.” We mightquibble overthe view that Einstein had no special talent, but there is one thing for certain---he wouldn't have solved the puzzles of the universe without his passionate curiosity. Then I came across another Einstein quote, “The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason or existence.”1. The advantage of having a beginner’s mind is that ________.A. people can learn much faster.B. people won't be afraid to make mistakes.C. people are willing to receive new things.D. people won't be expected to answer all questions.2. What does the example of Einstein’s words show?A. Einstein was passionate about curiosity.B. Einstein’s quotes are very famous.C. Curiosity is of great significance.D. Curiosity is more necessary than talent.3. What does the underlined phrase “quibble over” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Fight against.B. Argue about.C. Work out.D. Agree withBI’ve never been the kind of person to say, “it’s the thought that counts” when it comes to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present thatblew me away.For years now, I’ve been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building.In the front room, there’s a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children’s growth. Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child’s name and the date they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in a home that’s the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldn’t normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see. Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing.So one day, while I was at work, my childrendecided to do something about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (舞会礼服).She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (手印), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me—a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.4. The underlined phrase in Para. I “blew me away” probably means “________”.A. attracted meB. surprised meC. accepted meD. refused me5. What does the house really mean to the author?A. A house.B. Buildings.C. An object.D. Memories.6. What surprised the friends I know after work?A. Finding the wall repainted.B. Erasing the fingerprints.C. Greeting them by tears.D. Leaving the wall unfinished.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Gift Made with LoveB. Buildings Made by ChildrenC. A Very Wonderful PaintingD. A Family HistoryCIt is not only praise or punishment that determines a child's level of confidence.There are some other important ways we shape our kids — particularly by giving instructions and commands in a negative or positive choice of words.For example, we can say to a child “Don't run into traffic！” or “Stay on the footpath close to me.” In using the latter, you will be helping your kids to think and act positively, and to feel competent in a wide range of situations, because they know what to do, and aren't scaring themselves with what not to do.Actually, it is all in the way the human mind works.What we think, we automatically rehearse.For example, if someone offered you a million dollars not to think of a blue monkey for two minutes, you wouldn't be able to do it.When a child is told “Don't fall off the tree，” he will think of two things：“don't” and “fall off the tree”. That is, he will automatically create the picture of falling off the tree in his mind.A child who is vividly imagining falling off the tree is much more likely to fall off.So it is far better to use “Hold on to the tree carefully.”Clear, positive instructions help kids to understand the right way to do things.Kids do not always know how to be safe, or how to react to the warning of the danger in negative words.So parents should make their commands positive.“Sam, hold on firmly to the side of the boat” is much more useful than “Don't you dare to fall out of the boat？” or “How do you think I'll feel if you drown？” The changes are small but the difference is obvious.Children learn how to guide and organize themselves from the way we guide them with our words, so it paysto be positive.8. Positive choice of words helps kids to ________.A. learn in different situationsB. do things carefullyC. build up their confidenceD. improve their imagination9. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. A child will act on what is instructed.B. One can't help imagining what is heard.C. A child will fall off the tree when told not to.D. One won't think of a blue monkey when given money.10. Which of the following commands helps kids to be safe?A. How do you think I'll feel if you get hurt?B. Don't play by the lake.C. Don't you dare to walk through the red light?D. Fasten your seat belt.11. The main idea of the passage is that ________.A. positive instructions guide kidsB. praise makes kids confidentC right instructions keep kids safe D. clear commands make kids differentDIn a recent survey of 2000 Americans, housecleaning was shown to have some mood-boosting effects — but that doesn't mean everybody is willing to do it.The majority of respondents (受访者) said cleaning gave them a sense of accomplishment (65%) and helped them clear their mind (63%). Half of these adults said they are most often motivated to clean when they're happy. In fact, 63% of those surveyed find the experience of cleaning to be relaxing - even more so than getting fresh air (61%).But that's not the only reason people clean. A big 70% admitted that tidying their home was a way of putting off having to do other things, with the average procrastinator (拖延者) using that trick four times a week. The survey showed that 86% of respondents do feel on top of their housework, but the last deep clean of their kitchen happened over a week and a half ago. That's no surprise because the kitchen is most terrible of all.Conducted by OnePoll on behalf of DishFish, the survey investigated people's attitudes toward dirty dishes and how they get through tricky task. More than two-thirds of people (69%) let their dishes pile up between washings with 20% saying “always” letting them be placed in the sink, which left them feeling stressed. More than any other room, the kitchen was rated as “very difficult” to cope with. And most people enjoy cleaning their toiletor taking out the garbage more than washing dishes by hand.How do they get through it? 66% listen to music while they clean. 72% have a best-loved song that they sounded while tidying up their home, with “Uptown Funk,”“Read All About It” and “Work” being the three favorite tunes on America's cleaning playlist.12. What is the result of the survey?A. Housecleaning may contribute to a good mood to some extent.B. Housecleaning may strengthen people's willingness to volunteer.C. Housecleaning may cause anxiety and concern for some people.D. Housecleaning may improve people's motivation to other housework.13. What is the top reason why people undertake housecleaning?A. They can entertain themselves.B. They can take in fresh air.C. They get a sense of achievement.D. They can delay other things.14. What are respondents' attitudes to dirty dishes?A. Many would rather wash dishes than throw out the rubbish.B. Half are under pressure with dirty dishes lying in the sink.C. A quarter will let dirty dishes pile up after their meals.D. Most prefer cleaning their toiletto washing dishes by hand.15. What column does the text belong to?A. Feature Story.B. Family Life.C. Scientific Hotspot.D. Finance Focus.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三上学期“一诊”模拟测物理试题
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三上学期“一诊”模拟测物理试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．在气体放电管中，用大量能量为E 的电子轰击大量处于基态的氢原子，通过光栅分光计可观测到一定数目的光谱线．调高电子的能量再次进行观测，发现光谱线的数目是原来的三倍．用n ∆表示两次观测中最高激发态的量子数n 之差．根据氢原子的能级图可以判断，n ∆和E 的可能值为（ ）A ．n ∆ =1，E =10.30 eVB ．n ∆=1，E =12.09 eVC ．n ∆=2，E =12.09 eVD ．n ∆=4，E =13.06 eV2．如图所示，用两根不可伸长的细绳通过两个轻质、光滑的定滑轮M 、N 将A 、B 两个相同小球与C 球连接，两定滑轮处于同一水平线上已知C 球重力为G ．静止释放A 、B 、C 三个小球，当三个小球运动至如图所示的位置时，两绳与水平方向所成夹角θ=60°，C 球的速度达到最大值v C ．此时A 球所受的拉力F A 、速度v A 的大小分别为（ ）A ．F A =3G ，v A =3v CB ．F A =3G ，v A =2v CC ．F A ，v A CD ．F A ，v A C 3．如图所示，在光滑的水平面上，质量为m 1的小球A 以速率v 0向右运动，O 点处有一质量为m 2的小球B 处于静止状态．小球A 与小球B 发生正碰后均向右运动，小球B 被Q 处的墙壁弹回后与小球A 在P 点相遇，PQ =1. 5PO ．若小球间的碰撞及小球与墙壁间的碰撞都是弹性碰撞且碰撞时间极短，则两小球质量之比m 1: m 2为（ ）A ．1 : 2B ．2 : 1C ．3 : 2D ．4 : 14．如图所示，边长为L 的正方形导线框abcd 置于垂直纸面向里的匀强磁场中，磁感应强度为B ．线框绕固定轴OO ′以角速度ω匀速转动，已知线框每条边的电阻大小为R ．a 、d 两点用导线（导线电阻不计）与阻值为R 的电阻连接（不影响线圈的转动），则通过该电阻电流的有效值为（ ）A ．28BL Rω B ．28R ωC ．27R ωD ．214Rω 5．如图所示，静止的离子A +和A 3+，经电压为U 的电场加速后进入方向垂直纸面向 里的一定宽度的匀强磁场B 中．已知离子A +在磁场中转过θ=30°后从磁场右边界射出．在电场和磁场中运动时，离子A +和A 3+（ ）A．在电场中的加速度之比为1 ：1B．在磁场中运动的半径之比为3 : 1C．在磁场中转过的角度之比为1：2D．在磁场中运动的时间之比为1: 2二、多选题6．一个物块置于粗糙水平地面上，受到水平拉力F的作用，F随时间t变化的关系如图甲所示，物块的速度v随时间t变化的关系如图乙所示．g=10 m/s2，设滑动摩擦力等于最大静摩擦力，则下列说法正确的是（）A．物块的质量为4kgB．物块在前4s所受摩擦力的冲量为-24 N·sC．物块在前6s内的平均速度为2 m/sD．物块与水平地面间的动摩擦因数μ=0.47．均匀分布在地球赤道平面上的四颗同步通信卫星能够实现除南北极等少数地区外的全球通信．已知地球半径为R，地球极地表面重力加速度为g，同步卫星所在轨道处的重力加速度为g′，地球自转周期为T，下面列出的是关于四颗卫星中相邻两颗卫星间的距离S的表达式，其中正确的是（）A BC D8．如图所示，在两个电荷量相等的正点电荷的电场中，两电荷连线的中垂面上有一以连线中点O为圆心的圆，A、B为圆上对称的两点，两点电荷连线的延长线上有一点C，下列说法正确的是（）A．A、B两点的场强相同，电势也相同B．中垂线AB上O点的电势最高C．电子在C点的电势能不可能等于在A点的电势能D．仅在图中电场的作用下，电子可能沿图示圆周运动9．下列说法正确的是（）A．同种物质可能以晶体和非晶体两种不同的形态出现B．在阳光照射下的教室里，眼睛看到空气中尘埃的运动就是布朗运动C．在任何自然过程中，一个孤立系统的总熵不会减小D．打气筒给自行车打气时，要用力才能将空气压缩，说明空气分子之间存在着斥力E.气体向真空的自由膨胀是不可逆的10．a、b、c三条平行光线从空气射向玻璃砖且方向垂直于半圆柱体玻璃砖的截面直径，如图所示，光线b正好过圆心O，光线a、c从光线b的两侧对称入射，光线a、c从玻璃砖下表面进入空气后与光线b交于P、Q，则下列说法正确的是（）A．玻璃对三种光的折射率关系为n a>n b>n cB．在相同条件下进行双缝干涉实验，a的条纹间距比c窄C．光线a、c分别从空气射入某种介质中，c发生全反射时临界角较小D．c穿过该半圆柱体玻璃砖所需时间比a短E.若a、c都能使某金属发生光电效应，则a打出的光电子的初动能更大三、实验题11．利用气垫导轨验证机械能守恒定律，实验装置如图甲所示．水平桌面上固定一倾斜的气垫导轨，导轨上有一装有长方形挡光片的滑块，滑块与挡光片的总质量为M，滑块左端由跨过轻质光滑定滑轮的细绳和一质量为m的小球相连．导轨上的B点有一光电门，可以测量挡光片经过光电门的时间t．实验时滑块由A处静止释放，用L表示AB 两点间的距离，d表示挡光片的宽度．（1）某次实验导轨的倾角为θ，设重力加速度为g ，则滑块从A 点到通过B 点时m 和M 组成的系统的动能增加量k E ∆ =_____________________，系统的重力势能减少量p E ∆ =________________，在误差允许的范围内，若k E ∆ =p E ∆，则可认为系统的机械能守恒．（2）设滑块经过B 点的速度为v ，某同学通过改变A 、B 间的距离L ，测得倾角θ =37°时滑块的v 2-L 的关系如图乙所示，并测得M =0.5m ，则重力加速度g =________m/s 2 （结果保留两位有效数字）．12．某同学采用安阻法测电池a 的电动势和内阻，实验装置如图甲所示，实验时多次改变电阻箱R 的阻值，记录电阻箱的阻值R 和电流表的示数I ，得到1I—R 关系如图乙中的图线①所示；重复上述实验方法测量电池b 的电动势和内阻，得到图乙中的图线②． （1）由图线①可知电池a 的电动势E a =_______V ，内阻r a =________Ω（结果保留两位有效数字）．（2）若用同一定值电阻先后与电池a 及电池b 连接，则两电池的输出功率P a _______P b （“选填“大于，小于”或“等于”），两电池的效率a η_______b η（选填“大于”“小于”或“等于”）．四、解答题13．如图甲所示，在光滑水平面上放置斜面体ABC ，水平部分AB 与倾斜部分BC 平滑连接，AB 、BC 表面均粗糙，BC 与水平面的夹角为θ．在斜面体右侧与竖直墙壁之间连接着一个力传感器，规定力传感器受压时，其示数为正值，力传感器被拉时，其示数为负值．一个质量m =3 kg 可视为质点的滑块从斜面体的C 点由静止开始下滑，最终停在AB 上某处．在整个运动过程中，ABC 始终保持静止，力传感器测得的力F 和时间 t 的关系如图乙所示．已知sin 37°=0. 6，cos 37°=0.8，g取10 m/s2，求：（1）滑块与AB的动摩擦因数μ及滑块到达B点的速度v B；（2）在整个运动过程中滑块克服摩擦力做的功．14．如图所示，水平面内ab和cd是两条平行放置的足够长直粗糙金属导轨，MN和M′N′是两根用细线连接的金属杆，其质量分别为m和2m，两杆与导轨的动摩擦因数均为μ．开始时水平外力F作用在杆MN上，使两杆以速度v0水平向右匀速运动．两杆的总电阻为R，导轨间距为d，整个装置处在磁感应强度为B的匀强磁场中，磁场方向与导轨所在平面垂直，导轨电阻可忽略，重力加速度为g．在t=0时刻将细线烧断，保持外力F不变，金属杆和导轨始终接触良好，已知在t=t0时刻后杆MN速度保持不变，且在0〜t0时间内两杆速度方向始终向右，求：（1）0〜t0时间内任意时刻两杆的加速度大小之比；（2）t0时刻两杆各自的速度；（3）0〜t0时间内两杆各自的位移．15．如图所示，一端封闭、内径均匀的玻璃管长为L=1.000m，中间有h=0.150 m的水银柱将一部分空气封闭在管内，水平放置时，A端空气柱的长度L A= 0.400 m．把玻璃管在竖直平面内缓慢倒转到开口竖直向下后，再把开口端B缓慢插人水银槽内，直到A 端空气柱的长度为0.375 m且再次处于平衡状态为止．已知外界大气压p0=75 cmHg，在整个过程中温度保持不变．求最后平衡时玻璃管内B端空气柱的长度（结果保留三位小数）．16．有两列简谐横波a、b在同一介质中分别沿x轴正、负方向传播，振幅均为0.1 m，速度均为v=5 m/s，在t=0时，两列波的波峰正好在x=2.5m处重合，如图所示．求：（i）t=0时，两列波的波峰重合处的位置；（ii）从t=0开始计时，至少经过多长时间介质中出现位移为-0.2 m的质点．参考答案1．A【解析】【详解】由题意可知：()(1)(1)322n n n n n n +∆⨯+∆--=⨯ 化简后可得：22n 220n n n n --∆+∆=AB ．当1n ∆=时，解得1n =，所以：()()3.4eV 13.6eV 10.2eV E ∆=---=因此电子的动能应该大于此时的能级差，但小于基态与第3能级之间的能级差，否则将跃迁到更高能级，即：()()1.51eV 13.6eV 12.09eV E ∆=---=故A 正确，B 错误.C ．当2n ∆=时，解得n 是无理数，不符题意，故C 错误.D ．当4n ∆=时，解得n 是无理数，不符题意，故D 错误.2．B【详解】以C 球为研究对象进行受力分析，C 球的速度最大时受力平衡，根据对称性可知两根绳子拉力大小相等，根据平衡条件可得：2sin A F G θ=解得：3A F G =又根据关联速度的关系，将C 球的速度分解为垂直绳子和沿着绳子的速度，有：sin A C C v v θ==故选B.3．B【详解】 两球发生弹性碰撞,设碰后A 、B 两球的速度分别为v 1、v 2,规定向右为正方向,根据系统动量守恒得：101122m v m v m v =+已知小球间的碰撞及小球与墙壁之间的碰撞均无机械能损失,由机械能守恒定律得：222101122111222m v m v m v =+ 从两球碰撞后到它们再次相遇,甲和乙的速度大小保持不变,因为：1.5PQ PO =则A 和B 通过的路程之比为：12:1:4s s =得碰后两球速度大小之比：12:1:4v v =联立计算得出：1221m m = 综上所述故选B.4．D【详解】由题意可知线框绕固定轴OO ′以角速度ω匀速转动，则只有BC 边在切割磁感线，电动势的最大值为：2max E BL ω=有效值为：2max E ω== a 、d 两点间电阻为2R，故两端的电压为电动势的17，即：17ad U E =所以通过该电阻电流的有效值为：adR U I R=带入解得：214R I Rω=故选D. 5．C 【详解】A ．两个离子的质量相同，其带电量是1:3的关系,所以由：qUa md=可以知道其在电场中的加速度是1:3,故A 错误.B ．要想知道半径必须先知道进入磁场的速度,而速度的决定因素是加速电场,所以在离开电场时其速度表达式为：v =.又由：2v qvB m r=知：mv r qB=,所以B 错误.C ．由B ,设磁场宽度为L ,离子通过磁场转过的角度等于其圆心角,所以有：sin L Rθ=则可以知道角度的正弦值之比为A +的角度为30︒,可以知道A 3+角度为60︒,所以在磁场中转过的角度之比为1:2,故C 正确. D ．由电场加速后：212qU mv =可以知道两离子离开电场的动能之比为1:3,所以D 错误. 6．BCD 【详解】A ．由图可知当物块做匀速直线运动时，水平拉力F =8N,故摩擦力：8N f F ==物块在加速运动时有：224m/s 2m/s 2a ==在2-4s 由牛顿第二定律可得：F f ma -=代入数据解得：m =2kg ，故A 错误.B ．由图可知在0-2s 小物块静止，所受的摩擦力为静摩擦力：14N f =物块在前4s 所受摩擦力的冲量为:112N s N s=24N 48s 22I f t ft ⋅=+=--⨯-⨯⋅⋅故B 正确.C ．由图乙可知前6s 的位移为：()244m=12m 2x +⨯=所以前6s 内的平均速度为：12m 2m/s 6sx v t ===故C 正确.D ．根据A 选项分析可知：8N f mg μ==所以解得μ=0.4，故D 正确. 7．BC 【详解】设同步卫星运行半径为r ，根据根据万有引力提供向心力有：2224Mm m r G mg r Tπ'== 得：r =四颗同步卫星均匀分布在赤道平面上，由几何知识有：S =在地球表面上引力等于重力,由牛顿第二定律有：2MmGmg R= 联立可以计算得出：S =又因为：224r g Tπ'=故得：S =综上所述，故选BC. 8．BD 【详解】A．根据等量同种点电荷的电场线分布可知道A、B两点的场强大小相同，方向相反，电势相等，故A错误.B．根据等量同种点电荷的电场线分布可知道中垂线AB上O点的电势最高，故B正确. C．根据等量同种点电荷的等势面的分布可知A点和C点有可能在同一等势面上，故电子在C点的电势能有可能等于在A点的电势能，故C错误.D．根据等量同种点电荷的电场线分布可知电子在两正电荷连线的中垂面上电场力的合力均指向O点，故电子可能在两者的中垂面上做圆周运动，且到两场源电荷的距离始终相等.故D正确.9．ACE【详解】A．同种物质可能以晶体和非晶体两种不同的形态出现，如金刚石与石墨，故A正确. B．布朗运动是微小粒子表现出的无规则运动，肉眼不可见，故B错误.C．在任何自然过程中，一个孤立系统的总熵不会减小，这是增加原理，故C正确.D．打气筒给自行车打气时，要用力才能将空气压缩，是要克服大气压力做功，故D错误. E．气体向真空自由膨胀遵守热力学第二定律，具有方向性，故E正确10．BDE【详解】A．由图可知，a光和c光入射角相同，但c光折射角较大，根据折射率公式可知玻璃对a 光的折射率大于对c光的折射率，但由于b光没有发生折射，故无法比较b光的折射率大小，故A错误.B．由于a光的折射率大，波长较短，由：L xd λ∆=⋅可知在相同条件下进行双缝干涉实验，a光的条纹间距比c光的窄，故B正确. C．根据临界角公式：1sin Cn=可知a 光发生全反射时的临界角较小，故C 错误. D ．根据公式：c v n=由于a 光的折射率较大，则a 光在玻璃中传播速度较小，故a 光比c 光穿过该半圆柱体玻璃砖所需时间长，故D 正确.E ．由于a 光的折射率大，故a 光频率较大，若a 、c 都能使某金属发生光电效应，则a 打出的光电子的初动能更大，故E 正确.11．222M m d t+（） mgL —MgL sin θ 9.6 【详解】(1)[1]根据极短时间内的平均速度等于瞬时速度知滑块通过B 点的瞬时速度：d v t=滑块从A 处到达B 处时m 和M 组成的系统的动能的增加量可表示为：2221()()22k M m d E M m v t +∆=+=[2]系统的重力势能的减少量可表示为：sin p E mgL MgL θ∆=-(2)[3]根据机械能守恒得:21sin ()2mgL MgL M m v θ-=+ 则：()22sin mgL MgL v M mθ-=+可以知道图线的斜率：()22sin 4.590.5mg Mg v k L M m θ-====+又因为：M =0.5m计算得出29.6m/s g =12．2.0 0.20 大于 大于 【详解】(1)[1][2]由闭合电路欧姆定律可以知道,闭合电路中,电源电动势：E IR Ir =+得：11r R I E E=+ 由图示图线①所示可以知道,截距0.1b =，斜率0.5k =,所以：12V E k== 0.120.2r b k =⋅=⨯Ω=Ω(2)[3][4]同理从图线②可以知道: a b E E > ，a b r r <，电池的输出功率：2E p RR r ⎛⎫= ⎪+⎝⎭得P a 大于P b ； 电池的效率：UI R EI R rη==+ 得a η大于b η.13．（1）10.2μ= 4m/s B v = （2）36J 【详解】(1)由图象可知，在AB 段F f =6N ，t 1=2s ，对滑块分析，由牛顿第二定律有：11f F mg ma μ==11B v a t =代入数据联立解得： a 1=2 m/s 2，μ1=0.2， v B =4m/s. (2)由图象可知，滑块在斜面上运动的时间为t 2=1 s ，由：22B v a t =解得a 2=4m/s 2，当滑块在斜面BC 上时，对滑块分析，由牛顿第二定律有：22sin cos mg mg ma θμθ-=由图可知斜面对传感器的压力为9.6N ，对斜面有：2cos sin cos cos 9.6mg mg θθμθθ⋅-⋅=联立解得μ2=0.25，37θ=；滑块在斜面上滑行的距离：22212x a t =，解得x =2 m ，则滑块克服摩擦力做的功：221cos 2f BW mgx mv μθ=+ 解得W f =36J.14．（1）2: 1 （2）02243mgR v B d μ+,02223mgR v B d μ- （3）2200022444839mgt R m gR v t B d B dμμ+-,2200022442439mgt R m gR v t B d B dμμ-+ 【详解】(1)细线烧断前，对两杆整体进行受力分析有:3F mg μ=开始时两杆中无感应电流，细线烧断后，对两杆分别进行受力分析，由于两杆构成闭合回路，所以两杆所受安培力F 安始终等大反向，对杆MN 有:1F F mg ma μ--=安a 1方向水平向右，对杆M ′N ′有：22mg F ma μ-=安a 2方向水平向左，解得:a 1:a 2=2: 1(2)由两杆在0〜t 0时间内速度方向始终向右且：F =3μmg可知，两杆组成的系统动量守恒，设杆MN 的速度为v 1，杆M ′N ′的速度为v 2，由动量守恒定律有：12023mv mv mv +=分析可知两杆达到最大速度时的加速度均为0，即：2F mg μ=安 F BId =安E I R=()12E Bd v v =-联立解得：102243mgRv v B d μ=+202223mgRv v B d μ=-(3)在0〜t 0时间内，设该过程平均电流为I 0，杆MN 的位移为x 1，杆M ′N ′的位移为x 2，对杆MN ，由动量定理有：000010Ft mgt BI dt mv mv μ--=-0E I R=()1200—Bd x x E t =由动量守恒定律可知：120023x x v t +=联立解得：22010022444839mgt R m gR x v t B d B d μμ=+- 22020022442439mgt R m gR x v t B d B dμμ=-+ 答：(1)0〜t 0时间内任意时刻两杆的加速度大小之比a 1:a 2=2: 1； (2)t 0时刻两杆各自的速度102243mgR v v B d μ=+,202223mgR v v B dμ=-； (3)0〜t 0时间内两杆各自的位移22010022444839mgt R m gR x v t B d B d μμ=+-,22020022442439mgt R m gR x v t B d B d μμ=-+．15．0.276m【详解】设玻璃管的横截面积为S，对A端气体，初态：p A1=75 cmHgV A1=0. 400S转过90°，插入水银槽前，末态：p A2=60 cmHg此过程为等温变化，所以有：p A1·V A1=p A2·V A2解得：V A2=0.500S此时B端的气柱长度V B1=0.350m，压强p B1=75 cmHg玻璃管插入水银槽平衡后有：p A1·V A1=p A3·V A3代入数据解得：p A3=80 cmHg此时B端气柱压强：p B2 =95 cmHg对B分析有：p B1·V B1=p B2·V B2代入解得：V B2=0. 276S，即此时玻璃管B端气柱的长度为0. 276 m答：最后平衡时玻璃管内B端空气柱的长度为0.276m.16．（i）x=（2.5±20n）m,（n=0，2，3…）（ii）0.025s【详解】（i）从图中可以看出两列波的波长分别为aλ=2.5 m，bλ=4m；两列波波长的最小公倍数为s=20 m，t=0时两列波的波峰重合处的位置为：x=（2. 5±20n）m（n=0，2，3…）（ii）两列波的波谷对应的坐标之差：()()214 2.52.521 2.52122x m m ⎡⎤⎡⎤∆=++⨯-++⨯⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦化简得：()211850.752x m m ∆=-+ （m 1，m 2为整数） 则：△x min=0.25m所以：t min =min 0.25225x s v ∆=⨯=0.025 s 答：（i ）t =0时，两列波的波峰重合处的位置x =（2. 5±20n ）m （n =0，2，3…）； （ii ）从t =0开始计时，至少经过0.025s 介质中出现位移为-0.2 m 的质点。
重庆市巴蜀中学2020┄2021届高三上学期第一次模拟考试化学试题Word版 含答案
重庆市巴蜀中学2021年高三上学期第一次模拟考试化学部分用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 S 32 Cl 35.5 Fe 56 Cu 64一、选择题（包括7小题，每小题6分，共42分。
每小题只有一个正确选项）1．下列有关物质应用的说法正确的是A．漂白粉和明矾都常用于自来水的处理，二者的作用原理是相同的B．MgCl2是强电解质，电解氯化镁溶液可以制得镁C．生石灰能与水反应，可用来干燥氯气D．硅酸钠的水溶液俗称水玻璃，可用作木材防火剂2．下列实验可实现鉴别目的的是A．用BaCl2溶液鉴别SO3（g）和SO2B．用Ca（OH）2溶液鉴别Na2CO3溶液和NaHCO3溶液C．用CO2鉴别NaAlO2溶液和Na2SiO3溶液D．用湿润的碘化钾淀粉试纸鉴别Br2（g）和NO23．下列判断正确的是A．Na2S2O3溶液中加入稀硫酸的离子方程式为：2S2O32—＋4H+ === SO42—+ 3S↓+ 2H2O B．用TiCl 4制备TiO2的反应可表示为：TiCl4+（x+2）H2O（过量）TiO2·xH2O↓+4HCl C．滴加甲基橙试液后呈红色的溶液中可以大量共存： Na+、 CO32—、 K+、 AlO2—D．25℃时，pH=12的NaOH溶液中含有OH—的数目为0.01N A4．用下列实验装置进行相应实验，能达到实验目的的是A．用图1 所示装置除去Fe（OH）3胶体中含有的少量FeCl3杂质B．用图2 所示装置蒸干NH4Cl饱和溶液制备NH4Cl晶体C．用图3 所示装置从海水制取蒸馏水D．用图4 所示装置分离酒精萃取碘水中的碘5．下列排序正确的是A．热稳定性：H2O>H2S>HF B．酸性：NaHSO4>CH3COOH>H2CO3C．碱性：Ba（OH）2＞Ca（OH）2＞KOH D．沸点：CH4＞NH3＞H2O6．某温度下在2L密闭容器中加入一定量A，发生以下化学反应：2A（g）B（g）+C（g）；ΔH =—48.25 kJ·mol—1反应过程中B、A的浓度比与时间t有下图所示关系，若测得第15min时c（B）=1.6 mol·L—1，下列结论正确的是A．该温度下此反应的平衡常数为3.2B．A的初始物质的量为4 molC．反应到达平衡时，放出的热量是193kJD．反应达平衡时，A的转化率为80%7．下表中列出了25℃、101kPa时一些物质的燃烧热数据物质CH4C2H2H2燃烧热／kJ/mol890.31299.6285.8A．2H2（g）+O2（g）=2H2O（g）△H=﹣571.6 kJ/molB．C—H键键长小于H—H键C．C≡C键能为796.0 kJ/molD．2CH4（g）=C2H2（g） +3H2（g）△H=﹣376.4 kJ/mol二、非选择题（本大题共4小题，共58分）8．（16分）金属元素及其化合物在生产生活中应用日趋广泛，根据相关化学知识，回答下列问题：（1）金属钠在空气中燃烧的产物常用于呼吸面具中的供氧剂，钠原子的结构示意图为，请写出其燃烧产物用作供氧剂的原理。
重庆市渝中区巴蜀中学2021届高三数学“一诊”模拟测试题 文(含解析)
【解析】
【分析】
利用复数乘法、除法运算化简 ，由此求得 的共轭复数 ，进而求得 的虚部.
【详解】依题意 ，故 ，其虚部为1.
故选B.
【点睛】本小题主要考查复数乘法、除法的运算，考查共轭复数的概念，考查复数虚部，属于基础题.
2.已知集合 ，集合 ，则 （）
A. B. C. D.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
解分式不等式求得集合 ，求函数定义求得集合 ，由此求得两个集合的交集.
【详解】由 解得 ，由 解得 ，故 ，
故选C.
【点睛】本小题主要考查交集的概念和运算，考查分式不等式的解法，考查对数函数(duì shù hán shù)的定义域，属于基础题.
3.已知等差数列(děnɡ chā shù liè){an}满足(mǎnzú)4a3＝3a2，则{an}中一定(yīdìng)为零的项是（）
A.a6B.a7C.a8D.a9
【答案(dá àn)】A
【解析】
【分析】
利用等差数列的通项公式即可得到结果.
【详解】由4a3＝3a2得，4(a1+2d)=3(a1+d)，解得：a1+5d=0，所以，a6=a1+5d=0.
故选：A.
【点睛】本题考查等差数列的通项公式，考查计算能力，属基础题.
4.新高考方案规定，普通高中学业水平考试分为合格性考试（合格考）和选择性考试（选择考）.其中“选择考”成绩将计入高考总成绩，即“选择考”成绩根据学生考试时的原始卷面分数，由高到低进行排序，评定为 、 、 、 、 五个等级.某试点高中2021年参加“选择考”总人数是202X年参加“选择考”总人数的2倍，为了更好地分析该校学生“选择考”的水平情况，统计了该校202X年和2021年“选择考”成绩等级结果，得到如下图表：
2021年重庆市渝中区巴蜀中学高考英语一模试卷有答案
2021年重庆市渝中区巴蜀中学高考英语一模试卷第二部分阅读（共两节，满分37.5分）第一节（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1. There are many places worth visiting in the world. Here are some of the places that almost every person wants to see in their life.SantoriniThis is one of the most amazing places in the world. It is said to have been destroyed in the 16th century. It has been rebuilt and its beauty increases with every passing day. There are a lot of islands in Greece and sunbathing on any of these would be an unforgettable experience.The Capilano Suspension BridgeAn amazing place to visit in the world is the Capilano Suspension Bridge. This bridge is located in Vancouver in British Columbia, a province of Canada. Its beauty appeals to visitors from all over the world. It's almost 140 meters long and 70 meters above the river.RomeAnother beautiful place to visit is the ancient city of Rome in Italy. It is also known as the center of Western civilization. This city was founded in 753 BC.The Colosseum （罗马斗兽场）, which is one of the world's most symbolic monuments, is also in Rome.The Taj MahalIt is also a good choice to visit the Taj Mahal in India. It is called the monument of love and built to show Mughal Emperor Shah Jeha's love for his wife. It is located on the south bank of the Yamuna River. Its ivory﹣white color attracts many tourists and it is one of the miracles of the Mughal art of building.（1）What can visitors do in Santorini？________A.Go sunbathing.B.Visit the monument of love.C.Climb the suspension bridge.D.Experience western civilization.．（2）To which country does the Capilano Suspension Bridge belong？________A.Italy.B.Greece.C.England.D.Canada.．（3）What do we know about the Taj Mahal from the passage？________A.Its roof is made of ivory.B.It is a typical Mughal style building.C.It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah as his tomb.D.It is located on the north bank of the Yamuna River.．2. The cola wars became a cultural phenomenon. Credit for that goes to Donald Kendall, PepsiCo's brilliant former boss, who died on September 19th aged 99. A gifted salesman, he rose quickly through the ranks from his start on the bottling line to become the firm's top sales and marketing executive at the young age of 35.Seven years later he was named CEO. In 1974 he invested in the Soviet Union, which allowed Pepsi to become the first Western product to be legally sold behind the iron curtain. By the time he resigned as boss in 1986, PepsiCo's sales had shot up nearly 40 times, to ＄7.6 billion. His legacy continues to shape the industry.Mr. Kendall offered a mix of strategic vision, principled leadership and marketing talent. Two years after taking charge he acquired Frito﹣Lay, a leading producer of snacks, giving PepsiCo an advantage of diversity that continues to this day. PepsiCo brought in ＄67 billion last year in sales compared to Coca﹣Cola's ＄37 billion.But his most famous move was the all﹣out marketing blitz （闪电战） against Coca﹣Cola, long the global market leader in non﹣alcoholic drinks. The two firms had competed for decades, but they mostly fought low﹣grade battles. Mr. Kendall changed that, by forcing both companies into an advertising arms race. In 1975 Coca﹣Cola spent around ＄25 million on advertising and PepsiCo some ＄18 million. By 1985 those figures had shot up to ＄72 million and ＄57 million, respectively. In 1995 Pepsi outspent Coke by ＄112 million to ＄82 million.This was a risky strategy for both cola competitors but it paid off by helping non﹣alcoholic drinks win a greater "share of throat". Last year Coca﹣Cola and PepsiCo remained in the leading position as usual. Also, the cola wars benefited both companies by turning them into "the world's best marketers". Today a decades﹣long addiction to cut﹣price quantity growth has been replaced by a focus on income and profits.（1）What was Donald Kendall's first position in PepsiCo？________A.CEO.B.A worker.C.A salesman.D.Marketing executive.．（2）What can we learn about Cola companies from the passage？________A.PepsiCo has always been ahead of Coca﹣cola in sales.B.Coca﹣Cola preferred low﹣grade battles to marketing wars.C.Coca﹣Cola bought a snack firm to enrich its product diversity.D.PepsiCo spent ＄30 million more than Coca﹣cola in advertising in 1995.．（3）Why does the author list the figures in the fourth paragraph？________A.To prove the success of both Cola companies in advertising products.B.To suggest both Cola companies spent too much money in advertising.C.To describe how PepsiCo got ahead of Coca﹣Cola in the fierce marketing wars.D.To confirm marketing wars between the Cola companies were a wise move.．（4）What is the passage mainly about？________A.Donald Kendall was to blame for the cola cultural phenomenon.B.Donald Kendall was the most successful boss in PepsiCo history.C.Donald Kendall started the cola blitz wars and achieved great success.D.Donald Kendall's marketing strategies benefited both Cola companies.．3. Just when we thought we had seen all the magical things that 3D printing can do, here comes another﹣a working artificial leg has transformed the life of a little Canadian duckling （小鸭） called Dudley, who had been struggling to get by after losing a leg.The story began on August 19th, 2013, when the newly﹣born healthy Dudley and his brother were placed inside a chicken coop（笼子）at the K9﹣1﹣1 Animal and Rescue Services in Sicamous, British Columbia. Within a few hours, an aggressive chicken attacked the two, killing Dudley's brother and leaving him with a disability!While Dudley could swim with his single leg, he had a hard time walking on the firm ground. Determined to help him, Doug Nelson, the owner of the shelter decided to consult Terence Loring, the founder of a design firm that among other things also offers 3D printing designs.Given that he had just launched 3 pillar designs, Terence somewhat hesitated to take on a duckling as his first client（客户）. But as soon as he saw brave little Dudley walking around on one leg, Terence knew he had to do something. Using his biomedical engineering training, Terence spent the next few weeks creating a 3D template（模板）, after he found out how ducks' legs work in YouTube videos about ducks. Once ready, he sent them to Ontario﹣based 3D engineering firm Proto3000, who agreed to print the leg.The second artificial leg was much stronger than the first one. When the artificial leg that is printed from strong ABS, a thermoplastic（热塑性塑料）that becomes soft and moldable when heated and attached to a foot designed from soft and flexible robber﹣like plastic, was fitted to Dudley, his whole manner changed. He wagged his tail and showed it off to his best friend一a pig called Elsie.Of course, as Dudley has been growing, the leg and foot have had to be replaced. But that hasn't bothered Terence who continues to improve the design. The best part is that Terence has put all the designs on his website so that anyone wishing to help out an animal suffering from a similar injury can do so, by simply hitting the print button on his/her 3D printer!（1）How did Dudley lose his leg？________A.He wasn't well looked after.B.He lost it in a traffic accident.C.He lost it in a chicken attack.D.He was born with a disability.．（2）What do we know about Terence Loring's design firm？________A.It is the first one to offer 3D printing designs.B.3D printing designs are only part of its services.C.Its main clients are injured animals.D.It often cooperates with Proto3000.．（3）What did Terence first do to make an artificial leg for Dudley？________A.Consulting Dudley's owner about the solution.B.Creating a 3D template with the help of Proto3000.C.Being trained in biomedical engineering.D.Watching YouTube videos about ducks.．（4）To Terence's great satisfaction，________.A.Dudley has got a permanent artificial legB.a possible solution has been found to help suffering animalsC.he succeeded in his first attempt to make Dudley an artificial legD.his design has become widely known online．4. Robots are getting better at doing human jobs. That's probably good for the economy﹣but there are some serious downsides, too.Machines are expected to displace about 20 million manufacturing jobs across the world over the next decade, according to a report released by Oxford Economics, a global forecasting and quantitative analysis firm.That means about 8.5% of the global manufacturing workforce could be displaced by robots. The report also notes that the move to robots tends to create new jobs as fast as it automates them; however, it could contribute to income inequality. The use of robots is on the rise: at this point, every new robot that is installed （安装） displaces 1.6 manufacturing workers on average, according to the Oxford Economic model.Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers, in part because of the falling costs of machines. And they are increasingly capable of functioning in more complex processes and varied contexts. On top of that, the demand for manufactured goods is rising. One potential downsize to the robot revolution: automation could increase income inequality. "This great displacement will not be evenly distributed around the world, or within countries, " according to the report. "Our research shows that the negative effects of robotization are disproportionately （不成比例地） felt in the lower﹣income regions compared with higher﹣income regions of the same country."The workers who drive knowledge and innovation within the manufacturing industry tend to be concentrated in larger cities, and those skills are harder to automate. That's why urban areas will deal better with the increased automation, according to the report.On the whole, the increased use of automation will likely create new jobs at a pace comparable to the jobs that will be lost, which cancels out fears about permanent job destruction, according to the Oxford study. That said, the poorer regions that are expected to lose the most jobs will probably not benefit equally from this new job creation due to agap in skills. That will lead to increased income inequality between cities and rural areas, as well as between regions.（1）What "downside" does the author mainly discuss？________A.People will not be able to find jobs in the future.B.Robots will finally take the place of people.C.Displacement by robots will increase income inequality.D.Robots are becoming cheaper than many human workers.．（2）What do the workers need to do to compete with robots in the future？________A.To make robots help them with the harder work.B.To improve their innovative ability and knowledge.C.To move to larger cities or more developed countries.D.To make their skills faster and easier to be automated.．（3）What is the main idea of the last paragraph？________A.The increased use of automation will create more jobs.B.People needn't worry about permanent job destruction.C.The poorer countries will not benefit from automation.D.The income gap between cities and rural regions will widen.．（4）What can we conclude from the passage？________A.Robots should be banned in the future because of the disadvantages.B.Robots can do more and better than humans in complicated processes.C.The increasing need for manufactured goods partly contributes to robotization.D.The negative effects of robotization will be evenly distributed around the world.．第二节（共1小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.Are people less or more happy when they get older？A study in 2018 found that people generally become happier and experience less worry after age 50.In fact，it found that by the age of 85，people are happier with their life than they were at 18.Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony Brook University in New York led the study.His team found that levels of stress were the highest among adults between the ages of 22 and 25. （1）_______Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70s.But the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their 70s and 80s.The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they grow older.（2）_______The researchers also considered possible influences like having young children，being unemployed or being single.But they found that influences like these did not affect the levels of happiness and well﹣being related to age.（3）_______ One theory is that，as people get older，they become more thankful for what they have and have better control of their emotions.They also spend less time thinking about bad experiences.（4）_______ In another study，people in their 80s reported the fewest problems with the quality of their sleep.The original goal was to confirm the popular belief that aging is connected with increased sleep problems.（5）_______ But except for that，people reported that they felt their sleep quality improved as they got older.A.So why will happiness increase with age？B.Researchers surveyed more than 150，000 American adults.C.At that time，the people were between the ages of 18 and 85.D.Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their 50s.E.Happiness is not the only thing that apparently improves with age.F.The survey did find an increase during middle age，especially in women.G.However，women at all ages reported more sadness，stress and worry than men.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节（共1小题；每小题15分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ADo you want to get home from work knowing you have made a real difference in someone’s life? If yes, don’t care about sex or age! Come and join us, then you’ll make it!Position:Volunteer Social Care Assistant (No Pay with Free Meals)Place:ManchesterHours:Part TimeWe are now looking for volunteers to support people with learning disabilities to live active lives! Only 4 days left. Don’t miss the chance of lending your warm hands to help others!Role:You will provide people with learning disabilities with all aspects of their daily lives. You will help them to develop new skills. You will help them to protect their rights and their safety. But your primary concern is to let them know they are valued.Skills and Experience Required:You will have the right values and great listening skills. You will be honest and patient. You will have the ability to drive a car and to communicate in fluent written and spoken English since you’ll have to help those people with different learning disabilities. Previous care-related experience will be a great advantage for you.1.The text is meant to_________.A.carry an adB.send an invitationC.present a documentD.leave a note2.The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities__________.A.to learn new living skillsB.to get some financial supportC.to properly protect themselvesD.to realize their own importance3.Which of the following can first be chosen as a volunteer?A.The one who can drive a car.B.The one who can speak English fluently.C.The one who has relevant work experience.D.The one who has the patience to listen to others.BIn the Pacific Northwest during winter, 5:15 am might as well be the dead of night. The alarm goes off and the onlylight is the red glow from my clock. My body says, “Go back to bed.” But I don’t. I know my running partner will be waiting in the street and I’m not going to stand her up. Then I walk onto the road, complaining about the cold and wishing I were back under my warm covers.If you’d have asked me a year ago if I could see myself running at 5:15 on a winter morning, I’d have laughed. Morning just wasn’t my thing and running in the morning was something I didn’t even consider. “I prefer to work out in the middle of the morning or in the afternoon,” I’d say to my friends who go to the gym before work.Then, last fall I reconnected with an old neighborhood friend. She’d been running in the morning and taken off forty pounds that year. When I looked in the mirror, I knew I could benefit from the same kind of weight loss. I asked if I could join her. I knew I needed to change something if I was going to get back in shape.The first two months were especially hard, because we ran twice a week at 5:15 am and I slept till 7:00 the other mornings. But as I’ve adjusted to the routine of running, I’ve discovered great joys that make it even more worthwhile than a little weight loss.While I haven’t lost forty pounds yet, it’s amazing how much more energy I have and how much stronger I feel. Because of the morning run, the rest of my day is more productive. I wouldn’t say I’ve become a morning person, but I would say morning running is now my thing.4. What can we know about the author from paragraph 1?A. 5:15 is the ideal time for her to exercise.B. She prefers to run without any company.C. She takes the run with warm clothes on.D. She goes for a run in spite of the cold and early rise.5. What was the author’s attitude to morning running a year ago?A. Scared.B. Unfavorable.C. Supportive.D. Confused.6. What made the author begin to run in the morning?A. Her partner’s encouragement.B. Her friend’s suggestion.C. Realizing the benefits of running.D. Realizing the harm of being fat.7. What effect does morning runninghave on the author?A. She has become slim again.B. She has become more confident.C. She has become more energetic.D. She has become more exhausted.CVolunteer DayWhat better way is there to enjoy your own hobbies while helping others at the same time? Come to Volunteer Day and choose which activity you’d like to join for the day. See below for a schedule of events on Volunteer Day.Volunteer Day schedule:7:30am.: Meet at the Community (社区) Center for juice and bagels.8:00—8:30 a.m.: Choose which activity you’d like to help with for the day.8:30 a.m.: Board the bus to your activity site.9:00 a.m.—3:30 p.m.: Work as a volunteer.3:30 p.m.: Board the bus that will take you back to the Community Center.See below for a list of volunteer opportunities for Volunteer Day so you can begin thinking about which activity you might want to join.A list of volunteer activities:Paint houses: Do you enjoy making art? If so, this volunteer opportunity might be just right for you! Happy Homes is a local organization that provides home repairs for needy people in the form of painting. For elderly or physically disabled people who cannot do repairs to their homes, Happy Homes provides volunteer painters to repaint old homes; outside or in. Happy Homes also provides painters to create beautiful wall paintings inside schools or community centers.Plant flowers: Do you enjoy being outside in nature? City Parks Association has many great opportunities for people who love to be outdoors. Help plant flowers and bushes in city parks; help lay paths at Cave Springs Park, or help pick up rubbish around the river banks. These activities are very active, so remember to be prepared with plenty of drinking water!Read to children: Do you enjoy working with young children? Do you like books? Love and Learning is an organization that provides volunteers to help children with learning disabilities. Read books out loud to groups of children four to six years old, or read one-on-one with struggling readers seven to eight years old.Play with animals: Do you love animals? Lovely Friends is an organization that visits local animal shelters and provides volunteers to spend time with the animals while their cages are being cleaned. Play with puppies, snuggle with cats, or hand-feed rabbits.8. At what time do volunteers leave for their activity sites?A. 7:30 a.m..B. 8:00 a.m.C. 8:30 a.m.D. 9:00 a.m.9. An outdoor lover probably takes part in ______.A. Plant flowersB. Paint housesC. Read to childrenD. Play with animals10. What do Lovely Friends volunteers do?A. Read books to children.B. Spend time with animals.C. Help plant bushes in parks.D. Pick up garbage along the river.11. The purpose of the passage is to _________.A. educate childrenB. attract volunteersC. comfort the elderlyD. encourage the disabledDToo much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn andeven reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.One of the studies looked at nearly 400 northern California third-graders. Those with TVs in their bedrooms scored about eight points lower on math and language arts tests than children without bedroom TVs.A second study ,looking at nearly 1000 grown-ups in New Zealand, found lower education levels among 26-year-olds who had watched lots of TV during childhood.But the results don’t prove that TV is the cause and don't ride out that already poorly motivated youngsters (年轻人）may watch lots of TV.Their study measured the TV habits of 26-year-olds between ages5 and 15. These with college degrees had watch an averageof less than two hours of TV per week night during childhood, compared with an average of more than 2.5 hours for those who had no education beyond high school.In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest.While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to increasing findings that children shouldn't have TVs in their bedrooms.12. According to the California study, the low-scoring group might _________.A. have had computers in their bedroomsB. not be interested in mathC. be unable to go to collegeD. have watched a lot of TV13. What is the researchers' understanding of the New Zealand study results?A. Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV.B. Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest.C. The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain.D. TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds.14. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?A. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms.B. Children should be forbidden from watching TV.C. More time should be spent on computers.D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done15. What would be the best title for this text?A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children's Learning Habits第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案
2021年重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen it comes to the greatest inventions of the world, China’s name is sure to be mentioned several times. There are hundreds of things which were invented by the Chinese.AlcoholShocked? I was because when they said alcohol I thought about either the US or the UK. China had never crossed my mind. In China, alcohol was made by two legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dynasty. This period was about 2000 BC - 1600 BC. Research says that in ancient China, beer with 4% alcoholic content was widely consumed by people.TeaChina is the proud inventor of tea which was first drunk by Shen Nong, a Chinese emperor around 2737 BC. Tea production was rapidly developed, making tea a popular drink during the Tang and Song Dynasties.The Mechanical ClockHave you ever wondered what on earth we would be doing without any idea of time? A clock really is an invention without which things were incomplete. The credit of making the first mechanical clock goes to ancient China. The first mechanical clock was invented by Yi Xing in the Tang Dynasty. This was during 618 and 907.Silk FabricSilk, the favorite fabric of many girls out there, is also a Chinese invention. Although we all know that silk is made by silkworms, it was Chinese people who first invented a way to harvest the silk and then use it to make clothes. The oldest silk which has been found so far is in Henan Province and dates back to 3630 BC.1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.A.people in the US like alcoholB.beer was popular in the Xia DynastyC.Yi Di and Du Kang invented alcohol by accidentD.the author didn’t know alcohol is a Chinese invention2.The author asks the question in Paragraph 4 to show ________.A.ancient Chinese inventors were wiserB.many things in our lives are incompleteC.ancient Chinese people never wasted timeD.the invention of the mechanical clock is important3.Which of the following invention has a longer history?A.Tea.B.Alcohol.C.Silk fabric.D.The mechanical clock.BChinese archaeologists（考古学家）announced on Saturday that some new major discoveries have been made at the Sanxingdui Ruins site in Southwest China, helping uncover another start of the Chinese civilization.Archaeologists have found six new sacrificial pits（祭祀坑）and unearthed more than 500 treasures dating back 3,000 years at the Sanxingdui Ruins in Sichuan Province. So far, archaeologists have unearthed masses of important cultural items from four of the pits, including pieces of gold masks, gold foil, bronze（青铜）masks, bronze trees and large numbers of ivories. The rest of the newly discovered pits arc still being dug up.“Surprisingly, we have unearthed some never — heard — of — before bronze items," said Lei Yu, from the Sichuan Archaeology Research Institute. 'Tor instance, some large and well-made bronze items have strange-looking dragon or cow designs on them.”In another major discovery, relics of silk products were found for the first time at Sanxingdui, which shows “the ancient Shu Kingdom was one of the important starts of silk in ancient China" according to Tang Fei, head of the digging team.The new pits sit next to two sacrificial pits discovered in 1986, with areas ranging between 3o square meters and 19 square meters. Together they form an area in which people of the ancient Shu civilization held ceremonies to offer sacrifices to heaven, earth and their forefathers, and prayed for good luck and peace.The Sanxingdui Ruins is regarded as one of the greatest archaeological finds of mankind in the 20th century. The site was accidentally discovered by a farmer in the 1920s. The ruins are located in the city ofGuanghan, about 60 kilometers fromChengduand are believed to be the relics of theShuKingdom.4. What can we learn from the text?A. Totally there are 500 treasures unearthed.B. Six new sacrificial pits are under repair.C. The unearthed treasures date from 3000 years ago.D. There are six sacrificial pits at Sanxingdui.5. What does the discovery of the relics of silk products mean?A. Chinese civilization was widely influential.B.AncientShuKingdomwas also the home of silk.C. Chinese silk has a much longer history than known.D.ShuKingdombelonged toChinasince ancient times.6. What was the main function of the sacrificial pits?A. To celebrate festivals.B. To store valuable items.C. To bury important figures.D. To hold sacrifice ceremonies.7. Who first discovered the Sanxingdui Ruins?A. A farmer.B. Lei YuC. Tang Fei.D. Archaeologists.CThis year researchers expect the world to snap 1.35 trillion photographs, or about 3.7 billion per day. All those pixels (像素) take up a lot of room if they are stored on personal computers or s phones, which is one reason why many people store their images in the cloud. But unlike a hard on drive which can be encrypted to protect its data, cloud storage users have to trust that a tech platform will keep their private pictures safe. Now a team of Columbia University computer scientists has developed a tool to encrypt (加密) images stored on many popular cloud services while allowing authorized users to browse and display their photographs as usual.Malicious (恶意的) attempts to access or leak cloud-based photographs can expose personal information. In November 2019, for example, a bug in the popular photograph storage app Google Photos mistakenly shared some users' private videos with strangers. Security experts also worry about employees at cloud storage companies on purpose accessing users' images.So the Columbia researchers came up with a system called Easy Secure Photos (ESP), which they presented at a recent conference. “We wanted to see if we could make it possible to encrypt data while using existing services,” says computer scientist Jason Nieh, one of the developers of ESP. “Everyone wants to stay with Google Photos and not have to register on a new encrypted-image cloud storage service.”To overcome this problem, they created a tool that preserves blocks of pixels but moves them around to effectively hide the photograph. First, ESP's algorithm (算法) divides a photograph into three separate files, each one containing the image's red, green or blue color1 data. Then the system hides the pixel blocks around among these three files (allowing a block from the red file, for instance, to hide out in the green or blue ones). But theprogram does nothing within the pixel blocks, where all the image processing happens. As a result, the files remain unchanged images but end up looking like grainy black-and-white ones to anyone who accesses them without the decryption (解密) key.8. What's probably the main purpose for people to store images in the cloud?A. To save storage room.B. To make photos beautiful.C. To try a new storage way.D. To keep their privacy safe.9. Why might employees in cloud storage companies be distrusted by experts?A. They sell users' passwords.B. They have invented new tools.C. They often let out personal information.D. They may steal a glance at users' images.10. What's the advantage of ESP?A. It can provide clear images.B. It can decrease the upload time.C. It can classify images automatically.D. It can encrypt data on the original platform.11. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. Method of decryption.B. Image-processing technique.C. Separate files of images.D. Data analysisof color1 s.DTeens who have good, supportive relationships with their teachers enjoy better healthas adults, according to research published by an American research center.“This research suggests that improving students' relationships with teachers could have positive and long-lasting effects beyond just academic success," said Jinho Kim, a professor atKoreaUniversityand author of the study."Itcould also bring about healthimplicationsin the long run.”Previous research has suggested that teens' social relationships might be linked to health outcomes in adulthood. However, it is not clear whether the link between teen relationships and lifetime health is causal（因果的）-it could be that other factors, such as different family backgrounds, might contribute to both relationship problems in adolescence and to poor health in adulthood. Also, most research has focused on teens' relationships with their peers（同龄人）, rather than on their relationships with teachers.To explore those questions further, Kim analyzed data on nearly 20,000 participants from the Add Health study, a national study in theU.S.that followed participants from seventh grade into early adulthood. The participant pool included more than 3,400 pairs of siblings（兄弟姐妹）. As teens, participants answered questions, like “How often have you had trouble getting along with other students and your teachers?" As adults, participants were asked about their physical and mental health.Kim found that participants who had reported better relationships with both their peers and teachers in middle and high school also reported better physical and mental health in their mid-20s. However, when he controlled for family background by looking at pairs of siblings together, only the link between good teacher relationships and adult health remained significant.The results suggest teacher relationships are more important than previously realized and that schools should invest in training teachers on how to build warm and supportive relationships with their students. "This is not something that most teachers receive much training in," Kim said, “but it should be.”12. What does the underlined word “implications" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Recipes.B. Habits.C. Benefits.D. Risks.13. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Poor health in adolescence.B. Limitations of the previous research.C. Teens' relationships with their peers.D. Factors affecting health in adulthood.14. What does Kim's research show?A. Good adult health depends on teens' good teachers.B. Good family background promises long-term adult health.C. Healthy peer relationships leads to students' academic success.D. Positive student-teacher relationship helps students' adult health.15. Where does this text probably come from?A. A health magazine.B. A medical report.C. A term paper.D. A family survey.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
重庆市巴蜀中学2021年高三上学期第一次模拟考试物理试题
重庆市巴蜀中学2021年高三上学期第一次模拟考试1.一质点沿x轴做直线运动，其v-t图像如图所示．质点在t=0时位于x＝5 ｍ处,开始沿x轴正向运动．当t＝3ｓ时,质点在x轴上的位置为A．x＝５m Ｂ.ｘ=10m C.x＝０m Ｄ．x＝８m2．如图所示，虚线AB和CＤ分别为椭圆的长轴和短轴,相交于O 点,两个等量异种点电荷分别处于椭圆的两个焦点M、N上，下列说法中正确的是Ａ．A、B两处电势、场强均相同B.C、D两处电势、场强均相同Ｃ．在虚线ＡＢ上Ｏ点的场强最大D.带正电的试探电荷在Ｏ处的电势能小于在B处的电势能３.据媒体报道，嫦娥一号卫星环月工作轨道为圆轨道,轨道高度２０0 km,运行周期127分求出的是钟。
若还知道引力常量和月球平均半径,仅利用以上条件不能．．A.月球表面的重力加速度ﻩﻩﻩB．月球对卫星的吸引力C．卫星绕月运行的速度ﻩﻩ D.卫星绕月运行的加速度4．如图所示电路中,开关Ｓ闭合一段时间后，下列说法中正确的是A.将滑片N向右滑动时，电容器放电B.将滑片N向右滑动时,电容器继续充电C.将滑片M向上滑动时,电容器放电D.将滑片M向上滑动时，电容器继续充电５.光滑平行导轨水平放置,导轨左端通过开关S与内阻不计、电动势为E的电源相连,一根质量为m的导体棒ａｂ（电阻不可忽略），用长为ｌ的绝缘细线悬挂，悬线竖直时导体棒恰好与导轨良好接触且细线处于张紧状态，如图所示，系统空间有匀强磁场．当闭合开关S时，导体棒向右摆起,摆到最大高度时,细线与竖直方向成θ角，则A.磁场方向一定竖直向下B．磁场方向竖直向下时，磁感应强度最小C．导体棒离开导轨前通过电荷量为＼ｆ(mgl,Ｅ)（1－cosθ）D．导体棒离开导轨前电源提供的电能等于ｍgl（1－cｏｓθ)二、非选择题（本大题共4小题,共６8分)6.(１9分）(１) ①“探究加速度与物体质量、物体受力的关系”的实验装置如图甲所示，在平衡小车与桌面之间摩擦力的过程中,打出了一条纸带如图乙所示.计时器所用交流电源的频率为50 Ｈz，从比较清晰的点起，每5个点取一个计数点,量出相邻计数点之间的距离，该小车的加速度为________ ｍ/s2(结果保留两位有效数字)。
2021届重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2021届重庆市巴蜀中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AHow to Look at ShapeTake a seat at the virtual(虚拟的) table. At our new, monthly membership program, you'll join MoMA staff and fellow members for lively discussions about our collection and exhibitions. Ask questions, share your thoughts, and broaden the mind. A live Q&A, with Michelle Kuo and Anny Aviram, about shape and its role in MoMA's collection is also arranged.Draw, Write, and Connect with OthersExperiment with drawing and writing exercises as ways to connect with others, even when physically distant, in this 45-minute online workshop. This workshop is part of the Creativity Lab at Home plan. This session is led by Francis Estrada, Assistant Educator, and Hannah Fagin, Coordinator. Ifs open to anyone, but registration is limited and space is available on a first-come, first-served basis.Storytelling Through ArtThere are many ways to tell a story — through words through theater and dance, or through visual art, for example. Discover how artist Jacob Lawrence shared the history of an important event by combining words and art in a series of paintings calledThe Migration Series. For kids ages seven to fourteen. Parent participation is encouraged in this online event. Don' miss the opportunity to spend meaningful time with them.The Human ShelterIn 2016, MoMA opened Insecurities: Tracing Displacement and Shelter, an exhibition that examined how contemporary architecture arid design addressed ideas of shelter in light of global refugee(难民) emergencies. Danish Boris Benjamin Bertram documented the exhibition, and the result is a movie by him asking what makes a home, and, perhaps more importantly, when shelter becomes home. This online event is part of Member events.1.What is special about How to Look at Shape?A.It provides an interactive part.B.It is accessible to everyone.C.It is organized by Michelle Kuo.D.It focuses on MoMA's new collection.2.Which event is family-friendly?A.The Human Shelter.B.How to Look at Shape.C.Storytelling Through Art.D.Draw, Write, and Connect with Others.3.In which aspect might Bertram do well?A.Shelter design.B.Storytelling.C.Art education.D.Film-making.BThis year researchers expect the world to snap 1.35 trillion photographs, or about 3.7 billion per day. All those pixels (像素) take up a lot of room if they are stored on personal computers or s phones, which is one reason why many people store their images in the cloud. But unlike a hard on drive which can be encrypted to protect its data, cloud storage users have to trust that a tech platform will keep their private pictures safe. Now a team of Columbia University computer scientists has developed a tool to encrypt (加密) images stored on many popular cloud services while allowing authorized users to browse and display their photographs as usual.Malicious (恶意的) attempts to access or leak cloud-based photographs can expose personal information. In November 2019, for example, a bug in the popular photograph storage app Google Photos mistakenly shared some users' private videos with strangers. Security experts also worry about employees at cloud storage companies on purpose accessing users' images.So the Columbia researchers came up with a system called Easy Secure Photos (ESP), which they presented at a recent conference. “We wanted to see if we could make it possible to encrypt data while using existing services,” says computer scientist Jason Nieh, one of the developers of ESP. “Everyone wants to stay with Google Photos and not have to register on a new encrypted-image cloud storage service.”To overcome this problem, they created a tool that preserves blocks of pixels but moves them around to effectively hide the photograph. First, ESP's algorithm (算法) divides a photograph into three separate files, each one containing the image's red, green or blue color1 data. Then the system hides the pixel blocks around among these three files (allowing a block from the red file, for instance, to hide out in the green or blue ones). But the program does nothing within the pixel blocks, where all the image processing happens. As a result, the files remain unchanged images but end up looking like grainy black-and-white ones to anyone who accesses them without the decryption (解密) key.4. What's probably the main purpose for people to store images in the cloud?A. To save storage room.B. To make photos beautiful.C. To try a new storage way.D. To keep their privacy safe.5. Why might employees in cloud storage companies be distrusted by experts?A. They sell users' passwords.B. They have invented new tools.C. They often let out personal information.D. They may steal a glance at users' images.6. What's the advantage of ESP?A. It can provide clear images.B. It can decrease the upload time.C. It can classify images automatically.D. It can encrypt data on the original platform.7. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?A. Method of decryption.B. Image-processing technique.C. Separate files of images.D. Data analysisof color1 s.CIn sportthe sexes are separate. Women and men do not run or swim in the same races. Women are less strong than men.That at least is what people say.Women are called the weaker sex, or, if men want to please them, the fair sex. But boys and girls are taught together at schools and universities. There are women who are famous Prime Ministers, scientists and writers. And women live longer than men. A European woman can expect to live until the age of 74, a man only until he is 68. Are women’s bodies really weaker?The fastest men can run a mile in under 4 minutes. The best women need 4.5 minutes. Women’s time is always slower than men’s, but some facts are a surprise. Some of the fastest women swimmers today are teenage girls. One of them swam 400 meters in 4 minutes 21.2 seconds when she was only 16. The first ‘Tartan’ in film was an Olympic swimmer, Johnny Weissmuller. His fastest 400 meters was 4 minutes 49.1 seconds, which is 37.9 seconds slower than a girl 50 years later! This does not mean that women are catching men up. Conditions are very different now and sport is much more serious. It is so serious that some women athletes are given hormone injections. At the Olympics a doctor has to check whether the women athletes are really women or not. It seems sad that sport has such problems. Life can be very complicated when there are two separate sexes!8. Women are called the weaker sex because _________.A. women do as much as menB. people think women are weaker than menC. sport is easier for men than for womenD. in sport the two sexes are always together9. Which of the following is true?A. Boys and girls study separately everywhere.B Women do not run or swim in races with men.C. Famous Prime Ministers are women.D. Men can expect to live longer than women in Europe.10. The underlined part “That at least is what people say” means people _________.A. say other things, tooB. don’t say this muchC. say this but may not think soD. only think this11. In this passage the author implies that _________.A. womenare weaker than men, but fasterB. women are slower than men, but strongerC. men are not always stronger and faster than womenD. men are faster and stronger than womenDHoneybees can’t swim, and when their wings are wet, they can’t fly, either. But Chris Roh and other researchers at the California Institute of Technology found that when bees drop into bodies of water, they can use their wings toproduce little waves and slide toward land-like surfers who create and then ride their own waves.As with many scientific advances-IsaacNewton’s apple or Benjamin Franklin’s lightning bolt-Dr. Roh’s experiment began with a walk. Passing Caltech’s Millikan Pond in 2016, he observed a bee on the water’s surface producing waves. He wondered how an insect known for flight could push itself through water.Dr. Roh and his co-worker, Morteza Gharib, used butterfly nets to collect localPasadenahoneybees and observed their surf-like movements. The researchers used a wire to restrict each bee’s bodily movement, allowing close examination of their wings. They found that the bee bends its wings at a 30-degree angle, pulling up water and producing a forward force. Bees get trapped on the surface because water is roughly three times heavier than air. But that weight helps to push the bee forward when its wings move quickly up and down. It’s a tough exercise for the bees, which the researchers guess could handle about 10 minutes of the activity.The researchers said the surf-like movement hasn’t been documented in other insects and most semiaquatic insects use their legs forpropulsion, which is known as water-walking. It may have evolved in bees, they-predicted.Dr. Roh and Dr. Gharib have imagined many practical applications for bees’ surfing. One plan is to use their observations to design robots able to travel across sky and sea. “This could be useful for search and rescues, or for getting samples of the surface of the ocean, if you can’t send a boat or helicopter,” Dr. Gharib said.12. What does the author intend to show by mentioningNewtonandFranklin?A. Roh’s admiration for them.B. Roh’s chance discovery about bees.C. Their outstanding talent for science.D. Their similar achievements in discovery.13. What plays the most vital role in a bee’s moving forward on water?A. The air weight.B. Its leg extension.C. The water movement.D. Its continuous wingbeat.14. What does the underlined word “propulsion” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Fast flightB. Driving force.C. Pulling speed.D. Explosive power.15. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Honeybees can surf to safety.B. Bees help scientists make inventions.C. Insects can adapt to the environment.D. Nature is a helpful guide for discovery.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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重庆市巴蜀中学2021届高三（上）一诊模拟卷语文试卷一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成1-3题。
自古以来，东西方都重视美育对立德树人的作用。
古希腊柏拉图曾在《理想国》中提出音乐教育对于培养城邦公民勇敢、节制、正义等美德的重要性。
而美育之于数千年中华民族社会发展与文化传承亦功不唐捐。
上古时期，中国便已出现诗、乐、舞三位一体的乐教；西周建立起来的礼乐文化制度，则对中国数千年文明产生了极为深远的影响。
春秋时期，孔子提出的“兴于诗，立于礼，成于乐”“志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺”等思想，更奠定了审美教育特别是艺术教育在中国文化中不可替代的地位。
孔子深知艺术审美的力量，虽然“礼”与“德”已由德育内化为一种心理要求，但只有“成于乐”“游于艺”的美育才是最高境界。
在此，道德目标通过审美转化，成为自由人性的有机组成而发端内心，让枯燥严肃的理性染上灵动的色彩。
孔子的美育思想是后世文以载道的理论基础，也是其精神价值核心所在，被此后的儒家所继承。
如战国孟子提出“充实之谓美”；西汉《乐记》提出“乐者，伦理者也”；宋明理学经广泛吸收佛道理论之后，将美育理论本体化、精致化、体系化，提倡洒落自得、浑然至乐的人生风范和人生境界，强调通过“乐”这一自由心境的体验，达到真、善、美及知、情、意的统一等等。
不难看出，中国传统美育不仅传授艺术形式带来的审美情感，而且蕴含深厚浓郁的家国情怀、社会理性与道德精神。
事实上，道德和艺术正是中华传统文化两大精神基石，中华人文精神亦由此带有泓邃的审美品格。
如钱穆所言：“文学必在道义中，而道义则求其艺术化。
中国之人生乐处，即在是矣。
岂非中国之文化特质乎！”在中国，艺术与道德的有机结合，涵养出一种人格审美求善的美育文化和美育精神，甚至不妨说，中华传统文化精神的形成方式和渠道就是美育。
纵观历代中国社会，无不将生活化、道德化的艺术作为人格培养的基本手段。
这种通过审美中介来实现外在规范向内在自觉的转变，迥异于德国哲学家康德对抽象“先验理性”或“道德律令”的绝对服从，而是融合具体情境，一方面在艺术审美中追求人格的道德境界，另一方面又在道德培养中追求人格的艺术境界，最终实现“从心所欲不逾矩”的极致。
随着中西文化交流空前密切，中国美育文化和美育精神开始发生变化，其理论形态呈现出中西交融的面貌，也涌现出不少杰出人物和精彩观点。
如王国维的《论教育之宗旨》，首次全面论述了美育在教育体系中的重要地位，初步建立起中国现代美育架构。
蔡元培筑基于中国传统文化特质的同时，借鉴康德、席勒美育思想中的有益成分，提出“以美育代宗教”。
蔡元培还推动美育列入国民教育计划，让中国现代美育走上理论与实践相结合的道路。
朱光潜则拓展了蔡元培的美育理论，以当时美学和心理学研究最新成果为依据，强调美育对个体心灵的解放功能，突出了美育作为创新教育的特征和意义，并将美育落实到人的生命体验之中。
刘海粟、丰子恺、林风眠等人的艺术教育便属于这种美育观点的践行。
如果说王国维、蔡元培、朱光潜等人的美育思想属于启蒙类型，那么，陶行知、徐悲鸿等人奉行的美育思想则将美育的终极指向定位于社会救亡与民族解放。
（摘编自吴为山《以美育提升人文素养筑微博橙子辅导》）1．（3 分）下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（）A．古希腊柏拉图认为没有音乐教育就不能培养城邦公民勇敢、节制、正义等美德。
B．文章认为在几千年中华民族社会发展与文化传承中美育作用大，是功不可没的。
C．钱穆认为中国文化的特质就是文学与道义是分离的，又是紧密结合在一起的。
D．近代中国美育文化和美育精神的特点是中国传统的东西少了，西方的东西多了。
2．（3 分）下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（）A．文章先论述了古代中西美育的异同，然后论述了近代中国美育出现的新特点，思路清晰，逻辑性强。
B．第一段略说柏拉图的美育观点，重点阐述了中国上古至宋明美育理论的发展，有力地论证了中心论点。
C．第二段运用了多种论证方法，既有引用论证，增强了论说的说服力，又有对比论证，使观点更加稳固。
D．第三段先总说，后分说，简介了所例举人在美育上的贡献或特点，最后指出两种类型的美育思想的性质。
3.（3 分）根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（）A．中国的审美教育，萌芽于上古时期，经过西周时期的发展，到春秋时期的孔子时，已经达到了最高境界。
B．宋明理学在继承孔子美育思想的基础上，广泛吸收佛道理论，使中国的美育理论得到了进一步的发展。
C．中国传统道德教育的手段与康德的观念是不同的，后者是要求绝对服从道德律令，前者是通过审美来实现。
D．朱光潜发展了蔡元培的美育理论，刘海粟、丰子恺、林风眠等人于艺术教育中践行了朱光潜的美育理论。
（二）文学类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成各小题。
时令鲜花（法国）安德烈·莫洛亚这天又是星期四，艾惕安·卡尔吕手捧鲜花慢慢地朝公墓走去，他的太太吕茜尔就葬在那里。
当医生贴着吕茜尔的心口宣布“走了”的时候，他的精神生命也随她去了。
他每星期四都来看她，决定到死方休。
艾惕安原先是个只知道工作、别的都不以为意的人。
五年前，吕茜尔下嫁给他后，就彻底改变了他的生活。
那是一个多么好的女人啊，清新脱俗，娇媚无比，善解人意，从不做使人难堪和绝望的事，处处都能和他想到一起……这次，在离吕茜尔坟墓不远处，有一个身着重孝的少妇，她仪态不凡，神态肃然，满脸泪痕，面前也摆着一束美丽的鲜花。
艾惕安在路过那座坟墓时，看到上面写着：安多华·龚斯当之墓。
艾惕安猜想，这大概是她的丈夫。
从少妇的神态上可以看出，他们夫妇的生活是无比和谐的。
残酷的现实不仅使他失去了吕茜尔，也使这位少妇失去了爱侣。
艾惕安感到，他和这位妇人真是同病相怜。
又一个星期四，他们几乎同时来到墓地，彼此眼波倏地掠了一下对方。
这天，他拿的是郁金香，她拿的是康乃馨。
从这之后，每个星期四他们都见面。
她有时早来，有时晚到，但恪守星期四不变。
“不会是因为我吧！” 他暗自思忖着。
然而，每次等的时候，情绪总不免会起点波澜。
现在两人都很经心于花的选择，瞅另一位献什么花的眼神似乎也更坦然。
彼此暗中好像在比赛，花的品种也愈趋名贵。
每次离去时，少妇总是行色匆匆，艾惕安怕她发窘，总是在她走得很远后，才离开墓地。
五月的一天，他来到墓地，发现墓地守卫抓着一个老妇人的胳膊，身边还有那位少妇。
守卫告诉艾惕安，这位老妇人常偷少妇和他献上的鲜花。
少妇神色惶遽，央求守卫放了老妇人。
艾惕安便问老妇人为什么要这样做。
老妇人低垂着目光，尴尬地说：“要是您儿子的坟在那儿……而丈夫手那么紧，别说是买剑兰，就连买点紫罗兰的钱也不肯给……您会咋办？”“我也会这么做的。
”少妇面无惧色地说。
艾惕安转身对守卫说：“我和这位太太每周都来换花，花总是要蔫的，放了她吧。
” 守卫放了老太太，艾惕安给了她一些钱，少妇又加了点，老太太含着感激的泪去了，剩下他和少妇相对而视。
他们第一次开口对话。
“这真得感谢您，你们男人就是说话有力。
”“因为我理解她，都是为了心爱的人。
”他们开始谈起了对爱侣的怀念。
当彼此叫到对方的姓名时，都显得十分惊讶，之后又都变得很欣慰。
看来，他们都在对方不在的时候，偷看过对方所去的墓座上的碑文。
他们的共同点太多了，都失去了最亲爱的人，都没有孩子聊以自慰，都是满腹哀伤和对爱侣的无尽怀念……紧接着的一个星期四，他们又都像有约在先似地走在了一起。
艾惕安讲起，他除教学外，还爱写剧本，在吕茜尔去世前，他的一个剧本已开了头，后来就再没有心思动笔了。
安多华夫人也喜欢戏剧，曾专修过文学，他们在一起讨论了好一阵子。
她还鼓励艾惕安要写下去，为了死去的太太。
在离开墓地时，下了一场大雨，只有一辆出租车，于是他们只好同车返回。
艾惕安有点激动，车外大雨滂沱，车内坐着一个与他有那么多共同语言的年轻女人，他心里突然感到惶恐，好像生的欲望又复苏了。
就在这时，吕茜尔的影子又浮现在他的脑海里，他不由地叹了口气。
她十分解事地瞥了他一眼。
分手时，艾惕安畏怯地小声说：“是不是……总之……也许你会觉得唐突。
但既然我们在同一天走同一条路，何不同租一部车呢？我来接你。
”她显得有些为难，踌躇片刻之后，决定还是由她叫辆出租车去接艾惕安，因为她比他住得远，况且这样也不会被家里的老妈子看见。
于是成了一项程式：每星期四，她乘车到泵浦路，鲜花搁在膝上；他在门洞下候着，手里拿着花束。
这样几次后，他们几乎无话不说了。
花当然是他们之间的一大话题。
又是几个月过去了，艾惕安愈来愈发现自己离不开她。
在一次晚餐时，他大着胆子握住了她的手，她的目光里带着惊恐、恳切和爱慕。
艾惕安肯定地说：“我以为跟你这样的女人一起生活一定很……”没等艾惕安把话说完，她马上缩回手去，脸上又挂起一层悲哀的帷幕，泪水滚了下来。
“别这样，并非一切对你都结束了……一年四季，周而复始，各个时令有各种鲜花，一味浸润于过去，不是上策。
回忆过去的可贵，在于帮助我们生活，而不是妨碍……我相信，我们失去的爱侣一定希望我们活得更幸福。
”艾惕安说完这些话，自己也觉得奇怪，朋友们也曾这样劝过自己，可无济于事，今天，他也这样劝起她来。
下个星期四，他们又在一起时，彼此虽然很拘束、窘促，但他们终于挽起了手臂……4．（3 分）下列对小说内容的理解和赏析，不．正．确．的一项是（）A．开篇将吕茜尔与少妇并写，相互映衬。
正是两人相似的性格，使得艾惕安关注到这位妇人。
B．小说插入艾惕安写剧本这一情节，引出安多华夫人的相关经历，表现出两人精神上的契合。
C．对艾惕安的心理描写体现其既有对安多华夫人的爱慕，又有对亡妻的愧疚，心情复杂。
D．小说结尾艾惕安宽慰安多华夫人的话，既呼应了上文两人对亡侣的怀念，也点明了小说主旨。
5．“老妇人偷花”这一情节虽着墨不多，但不可或缺。
请简要说明理由。
（4 分）6．简析小说以“时令鲜花”为题的妙处。
（5 分）（三）实用类文本阅读阅读下面的文字，完成各题。
材料一：2018 年 11 月 19 日 2 时 7 分，我国在西昌卫星发射中心以“一箭双星”方式成功发射第四十二、四十三颗北斗导航卫星，这两颗卫星也是我国北斗三号系统第十八、十九颗组网卫星。
卫星经过 3 个多小时的飞行后顺利进入预定轨道，后续将进行在轨测试，并与此前发射的北斗三号导航卫星进行组网联调。
此次任务的成功发射，标志着我国北斗三号基本系统星座部署圆满完成，后续将开展系统联调和性能指标评估，计划年底前开通运行，向“一带一路”国家和地区提供基本导航服务，迈出从区域走向全球的“关键一步”。
据介绍，2009 年，经国家批准，北斗三号工程正式启动实施。
工程于 2016 年完成了试验系统建设，充分验证新一代导航信号体制后，按照最简系统、基本系统、全球系统三步实施组网。
2017 年 11 月 5 日，在西昌卫星发射中心执行了首次组网卫星发射任务。