2011年大学日语四级考试答案
2011年6月四级试题及答案详解
2011年6月四级试题及答案详解2011年6月大学英语四级真题PartI WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: (30 minutes)1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议Online Shopping 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine (烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs (厨师) combine the best of old andnew.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chefs such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston BlumenthaPs molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish.restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary (烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurants are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restau rants are modifying the recipes (菜谱) of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while others are using better quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditions and tastes. Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particularly. We use US beef, New Zealandlamb and for our custards (牛奶蛋糊)we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Yorkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples (主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance (原产地)."Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organicfarms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is avail able in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are pre sented ina British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish." Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Britishness of their cuisine.At Yorkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Yorkshire Pudding will bring full dishes to the table and offer individual plates for each diner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries (烤肉馆),Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on a Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred (神圣的)to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd neverchange a full English breakfast."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
日语专四2011真题 大学日本语専攻生四级能力试験问题(2011)61
大学日本語専攻生四級能力試験問題（2011）（試験時間：160分）注意：解答はすべて解答用紙に書きなさい。
六、読解問題問題一、次の各文章を読んで、後の質問に答えなさい。
答えはそれぞれＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄの中から最も適当なものを一つ選びなさい。
（1×5＝5点）【文章1】頭痛がしたり咳が出たりして、ちょっと風邪気味だなと思った時に、薬局で風邪薬を買う人は多いが、わざわざ病院へ行く人は尐ないのではなかろうか。
しかし、そんな時でも①病院に行ったほうが得なのである。
というのも、薬局で販売している薬には消費税がかかっているが、病院でもらう医療用薬品にはかからないからだ。
また保険の関係で自分で支払う分も尐なくてすむ。
さらに薬そのものについて言うならば、医療用薬品に含まれる有効成分は、薬局で買う薬に比べて倍以上であるケース［注］が多く、よく効く。
しかしながら、私の場合、特に大きな病院になると②そうなのだが、あの長い待ち時間を考えると、どうしても薬局で風邪薬を買うことのほうが多くなる。
［注］ケース／個個の事例。
71．①病院に行ったほうが得なのであるとあるが、なぜか。
Ａ．薬局の薬は効果がないから。
Ｂ．薬局の薬のほうが高いから。
Ｃ．病院の薬のほうが税金が安いから。
第7頁（共11頁）Ｄ．病院の薬はお金を払わなくてすむから。
72．②そうとあるが、ここではどういうことか。
Ａ．病院でもらう薬はより効くことＢ．病院でもらう薬は安いことＣ．薬局で風邪薬を買うことＤ．長い時間待たされること【文章2】死体ははたして誰のものか。
①自分のものだとしても、死んだ後では、所有権を実際に自分で主張することはできない。
法的には、そこはどうなっているのか。
それを私はじつは知らないのである。
職業柄、年中扱っている「②もの」の、所有権が不明である。
そんなことで、よく仕事が勤まる。
そう③怒られそうだが、むろん常識的には、死体は遺族のものである。
73．①自分とはだれか。
日语专四2011真题 大学日本语専攻生四级能力试験问题(2011)62
大学日本語専攻生四級能力試験問題（2011）（試験時間：160分）注意：解答はすべて解答用紙に書きなさい。
六、読解問題問題二、次の文章を読んで、後の問いに答えなさい。
答えはそれぞれＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄの中から最も適当なものを一つ選びなさい。
（1×10＝10点）われわれが文学に心を向けるのは、自分の漠然[注1]たる悩みを、尐しでも解決し、心のやすらい[注2]をえたいという欲求をもっているからである。
むろんその相手として、先生や先輩や友人に気持ちをうち明ける場合もあるだろうが、われわれが文学書に向かう時の気持ちが、ちょうど①それと同じであるといってよい。
いわば何かの書物に向かって、自分の悩みをうち明けようとする衝動があるわけで、②ここにおいて書物とは死せる印刷物でなく、③生ける人間に等しい姿をとるものである。
尐なくとも一個の人間のごとく、親しくわれ第8頁（共11頁）われに向かってくる文学書、それに出会うことが青春の大きなよろこびといってよいであろう。
わたしは、人生における最も大事な問題は出会いであると常に語ってきた。
われわれが人間に形成されてゆくのは、けっして自分ひとりだけの力によるものではない。
母親の胎内から生まれた時と同じように、第二の誕生日といわれる青春時代にも必ず助産婦がある。
人生に大疑問をいだくさまざまな青春の悩みに直面し、そして、初めて「自我」というものに目覚める自己を生まれさせてくれるものがある。
その人と出会うことが、人生の大事なのである。
ある時は先生であり、友人でもあろうが、文学書がこの助産婦の役割を果たしてくれることが非常に多いと思う。
ある一冊の小説を読んで、なるほど④自分の悩みに一つの形を与えてくれた、自分の心に喜びを与えてくれた、今（⑤）を読んで実によかったと思うことがあるであろう。
わたしは（⑥）を出会いのよろこびと呼び、またそれを人生の幸福の一つであると思っている。
文学書を読む最後の目的は、そこに自分の心のしるべ[注3] となるような人間像に出会うことである。
日语专四2011真题 大学日本语専攻生四级能力试験问题(2011)5
大学日本語専攻生四級能力試験問題（2011）（試験時間：160分）注意：解答はすべて解答用紙に書きなさい。
五、次の文章の（）に入る最も適当な言葉を、後のＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄから一つ選びなさい。
（1×10=10点）人類の誕生は（61）奇跡といっていい。
三十八億年前、海に生まれた一つの細胞（祖先細胞）からすべてが始まった。
ここから現在の生物全種が誕生したというのが、現代生物学の教えである。
（62）ヒトも例外ではない。
私たちももとをただせ［注］ば、太古の細胞から派生した生きものなのである。
これは（63）奇跡の領域である。
いま、名古屋市で国連地球生きもの会議が開かれている。
開催の準備をする中でいろんな人から話を聞き、書いたものを読み、（64）と納得したのは、ＪＴ生命誌研究館館長の中村桂子さんの本紙への寄稿だった。
こんな指摘がある。
「生物は多様で、一つ一つの生きものが特徴を持って生きている（65）、すべての生きものが共通の祖先から生まれた仲間であると知ること、これが最も重要な視点である。
（略）人間も生きものの一つ、つまり、つながりの中にいるということだ」こうも書く。
「（生物の多様性を考えることは）生きものであることを自覚し、（66）人間という特徴を生かし、技術や制度を組み立てていくという挑戦をしよう、（67）して生き生き暮らそうという提案なのである。
」（68）もう一つの奇跡について触れたい。
落盤事故のあったチリ北部鉱山の地底七百メートルに閉じこめられた作業員三十三人全員が生還した。
一昨日の本紙社説は「『希望』が奇跡を支えた」との見出しで論じた。
それでは希望を支えたのは何か。
人と人は助け合い、支え合い、協力し合って生きていく。
（69）社会的存在であることを今度の奇跡の第6頁（共11頁）脱出劇は（70）示した。
何だかとてもうれしい。
奇跡的にこの世に存在した生きものの一人として、小さい声でこうつぶやく。
「人間バンザイ」と。
日语专业四级考试样题 答案
日语专业四级考试样题（試験時間：160分）注意：解答はすべて解答用紙に書きなさい。
本套题有85 个选择题，您提交了0 个答案您答对了0 个题，您的成绩是：0.00Ⅰ．聴解（1×20＝20点）1.1番ネクタイはどこで売っていますか。
男：あー、ちょっとすみません。
ネクタイはどこですか。
女：ネクタイは新館の二階でございます。
男：しんかん？女：ええ、隣のビルです。
こちらを右へ。
男：ああ、分かりました。
どうも。
ネクタイはどこで売っていますか。
A．このビルの一階です。
B．このビルの二階です。
C．隣のビルの一階です。
D．隣のビルの二階です。
您选择的答案：正确的答案：D2.2番女の人は何番のバスに乗りますか。
女：あの、新宿へ行くバスは何番ですか。
男：えーと、新宿へ行くのは６番ですね。
女：そうですか。
ありがとうございます。
男：あ、そちらではありませんよ。
そちらは８番と９番です。
６番はこちらです。
女：ああ、どうも。
女の人は何番のバスに乗りますか。
A．6番です。
B．7番です。
C．8番でス。
D．9番です。
您选择的答案：正确的答案：A3.3番今日は何曜日ですか。
男：花子さん、あさってはどこかへ行きますか。
女：ええ、会社に行きますけど。
男：へえ、日曜日も会社に行くんですか。
女：いいえ、あさっては土曜日ですよ。
男：あれ、今日は金曜日でしょう。
女：いいえ、違いますよ。
男：あ、そうか。
今日は何曜日ですか。
A．木曜日です。
B．金曜日です。
C．土曜日です。
D．日曜日です。
您选择的答案：正确的答案：A4.4番男の人は昨日何をしましたか。
女：小林さん、昨日何をしましたか。
男：本を読んでいました。
女：じゃあ、うちにいたんですか。
男：いいえ。
女：あ、じゃあ、図書館？男：いいえ、天気がよかったから公園で。
女：ああ、いいですね。
男の人は昨日何をしましたか。
A．うちにいました。
B．公園で遊びました。
C．図書館に行きました。
D．外で本を読みました。
2011年专四真题单选及答案详解
2011年专四真题单选及答案详解2011年51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man ___ he was fifteen years ago.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that解析：本题考察定语从句的用法。
关系代词在定语从句中做表语时，无论指人还是指物，都只能用that，不用which，且that也可以省略。
故选D。
再如：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国不是从前的那个国家。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. 玛丽不是过去的那个女孩了。
worn out疲惫不堪的;精疲力竭的52. Which of the following sentence is a command（命令）?A. Beg your pardon.（请你原谅）B. Have a good time.C. Never do that again.D. What noise you are making.解析：本题考察几句常用口语的交际功能。
答案显然是C。
53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose（目的）?A. She said it for fun, but others take her seriously.B. For all its effort, the team didn’t win the match.C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.解析：本题考察四个介词短语的用法，显然选A。
2011专四阅读真题及答案
READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AWe have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who’s responsible? Actually, it’s more like, what is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it—Facebook, Twitter(微博). You can write your own list.There’s been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movie, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more than literate than ever before — there are more and more readers, and more and more books.The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Titter group is offering its follows single-sentence-long “digests” of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span — that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.In such a fast-changing world, in which really seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tone with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic,confusing world.In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg’s inv ention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditionally culture.1.Which of the following paragraph briefly reviews the historical challengesfor reading?A.Paragraph OneB.Paragraph TwoC.Paragraph ThreeD.Paragraph Four2.The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT?A.multimodal contentB.environmental friendlinessC.conveniences for readersD.imaginative design3.Which of the following can best describe how the author feels towardsingle-sentence-long novels?A.IronicB.WorriedC.SarcasticD.Doubtful4.According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technologyand ______to survive in the fast-changing society.A.good judgmentB.high sensitivityC.good imaginationD.the ability to focus5.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.B.Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experienceC.Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional readingD.Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.TEXT BI know when the snow melts and the first robins(知更鸟) come to call , when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen.Spring cleaning.I’ll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Today‘s busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will no more Wi-Fi. Itinterrupts the natural order.“Honey, what say we spend the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow?” I say.“Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over?” my husband answers.But I tell my family, spring cleaning can’t wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend, newly wakened from our winter’s hibernation(冬眠), yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our window to the first fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding “Awake and be clean!”Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer a nd closer in the house at spring’s first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepytime hormone(激素) our bodies produce when it’s dark. When spring’s light comes, the melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house we’ve been hibernating in for four months.I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring’s arrival. I speak to them about life’s greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum from the bathtub, which hasn’t been properly cleaned since the first snowfall.“I’ll do it,” says the eldest child, a 21-year old college student who lives at home.“You will? Wow!” I exclaim.Maybe after all these years, he’s finally grasped the concept. Maybe he’s expressi ng his rightful position as eldest child and role model. Or maybe he’s going to Florida for a break in a couple of weeks and he’s being nice to me who is the financial-aid officer.No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who, instead of working, is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning.“Awake and be clean!” I say.6.According to the passage, “spring cleaning is a difficult notion f or modernfamilies to grasp” means that spring cleaningA.is no longer an easy practice to understand.B.is no longer part of modern family in life.C.requires more family members to be involved.D.calls for more complicated skills and knowledge.7.Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in family springcleaning?A.Beating the rugs.B.Cleaning the window.C.Restoring Wi-Fi services.D.Cleaning the backyard.8.Why does the author say “spring cleaning can’t wait”?A.Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer.B.Because the air is fresher and the breeze is lighter.C.Because the whole family is full of energy at spring time.D.Because the snow is melting and the ground is thawing.9.Which of the following interpretations of the biologists’ theory aboutmelatonin is INCORRECT?A.The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times.B.Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies.C.The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies.D.The amount of melatonin remains constant in out bodies.10.Which of the following can best sum up the author’s overall reaction to heradult son’s positive response to spring cleaning?A.Surprised and skeptical.B.Elated and hesitant.C.Relieved and optimistic.D.Optimistic and hesitant.TEXT CThese days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, “meet and look.” Many of them do so willingly. In today’s prosperous and increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekkon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.But there is a difference. In the original omiai,the young Japanese couldn’t reject the partner chosen by his parents and their middleman. After World War II, many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western ren’ai kekkon, or love marriage, became popular, Japanese began picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.But the Western way was often wanting in an important respect: it didn’t necessarily produce a partner of the right economics, social, and educational qualifications. “Today’s young people are quite calculating,” says Chicko Akiyama, a social commentator.What seems to be happening now is a repetition of a familiar process in the country’s history, the “Japanization”of an adopted foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject the match. “Omiai is evolving into a sort of stylized introduction,” Mrs. Akiyama says.Many young Japanese now date in their early twenties, but with no thought of marriage. When they reach the age—in the middle twenties for woman, the late twenties for men—they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as 40% of marriages each year are omiai kekkon.It’s hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese couples, when polled, described their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching servicerather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighborhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today fin d it’s less awkward to reject a proposal partner if the nokodo is a computer.Japan has about five hundred computer matching services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one of for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays $80 to $125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and $200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like education and hobbies, and some no-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughters, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents.)11.According to the passage, today’s young Japanese preferA.a traditional arranged marriage.B. a new type of arranged marriage.C. a Western love marriageD.a more Westernized love marriage.12.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A.A Western love marriage tends to miss some Japanese values.B.Less attention is paid to the partner’s qualification in arrangedmarriages.C.Young Japanese would o ften calculate their partner’s wealth.D.A new arranged marriage is a repetition of the older type.13.According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragraph Five) is uncertainbecauseA.There has been a big increase in the number of arranged marriages.B.Western love marriage still remains popular among young Japanese.C.Young Japanese start dating very early in their life in a Westerntradition.D.The tendency for arranged marriages could be stronger than isindicated.14.One of the big difference between a traditional nakodo and its contemporaryversion lies in the wayA.Wedding gifts are presented.B. A proposed partner is refused.C.Formalities are arranged.D.The middleman/woman is chosen.15.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. to tell the differences between an old and modern nakodo.B. to provide some examples for the traditional nakodo.C. to offer more details of the computerized nakodo.D. to sum up the main ideas and provide a conclusion.TEXT DCordia Harrington was tired of standing up all day and smelling like French fries at night. She owned and operated three McDonald’s shops in Illinois, but as a divorced mother of three boys, she yearned for a business that would provide for her children and let her spend more time with them.Her lucky moment came, strangely enough, after she was nominated in 1992 to on the McDonald’s bun committee. “The company picked me up in a corporate jet to see bakeries around the world,”she recalls, “Every time I went to a meeting I loved it. This was global!”The experience opened her eyes to business possibilities. When McDonald’s decided it wanted a new bun supplier, Harrington became determined to win the contract, even though she had no experience running a bakery.Harrington studied the bakery business and made sure she was never off executives’ radar,“If you have a dream, you can’t wait for people to call you,” she says. “So I’d visit a mill and send them photos of myself in a baker’s hat and jacket, holding a sign that says ‘I want to be your baker.’”After four years and 32 interviews, her persistence paid off.Harrington sealed the deal with a handshake, sold her shops, and borrowed $13.5 million. She was ready to build the fastest, most automated bakery in the world.The Tennessee Bun Company opened ahead of schedule in 1997, in time for a slump in U.S. fast-food sales for MacDonald’s. Before Harrington knew it, she was down to her last $20,000, not enough to cover payroll. And her agreement with MacDonald’s required that she sell exclusively to the company, “I cried myself to sleep many nights,” she recalls, “I really did think, I am going to go bankrupt.”But Harrington worked out an agreement to supply Pepperidge Farm as well. “MacDonald’s could see a benefit if our production went up and prices went down, and no benefit if w e went out of business,” she says, “That deal saved us.”Over the next eight years, Harrington branched out even more: She started her own trucking business, added a cold-storage company, and now has three bakeries producing fresh buns and frozen dough — all now known as the Bun Companies. Speed is still a priority: It takes 11 people at the main bakery to turn out 60,000 buns an hour for clients across 40 states, South American, and the Caribbean.Grateful for the breaks she’s had, Harrington is passionate about providing opportunities to all 230 employees. “Financial success is the most fun when you can give it away,” She says.The current economy is challenging. Some of her clients’ sales have declined, but she’s found new clients and improved efficiencies to help sustain the company’s double-digit growth.Cordia Harrington doesn’t have to stand on her feet all day anymore. Two of her three sons now work for her. And she’s remarried —her husband, Tom, is now her CFO.“This is more than a job,” says Harrington. “It’s a mission. I’m always thinking.How can we best serve our employees? If we support them, they’ll do their best to look after our clients. That’s how it works here.”16. According to the passage, which of the following was most significant in her early career?A. Her nomination on the McDonald’s bun committee.B. Her travel and the visits to bakeries around the world.C. A business contract with local bun suppliers.D. The interviews and experiences in running a bakery.17. “Harrington…made sure she was never off executives’ radar” (Paragraph Four) means that sheA. herself wanted to be a company executive.B. meant to hire executives to run the business.C. meant to keep her management knowledge and skills.D. focused on the management of the bakery business.18. How did she survive the crisis at the start of her bakery business?A. By supplying buns for another company.B. By opening her bun company ahead of schedule.C. By keeping supplies up for MacDonald’s.D. By making a new agreement with McDonald’s.19. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT in describing her current business?A. It is fast growing.B. It is diversifiedC. Its clients are all local.D. It is more efficient.20. According to the passage, which of the following is fundamental to Harrington’s success?A. efficiently and love for the family.B. perseverance and concern for employees.C. business expansion and family support.D. opportunities and speed.1-5 BDBAC6-10 ACADB11-15BADDC16-20 BCACB。
2011年12月cet4真题及答案
Nothing succeeds without a strong willThere is a prevalent joke around young people saying that …quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world, and I’ve done it for hundreds of times.‟ This seemingly funny statement ironically reflects the fact that the determination of most youngsters is often started with enthusiasm, but the passion becomes increasingly weaker each day, and then diminishes as if there has been no such thing at all.It is obvious that their failure in …quitting smoking‟ and decli ne of determination are all ascribed to their lack of will. Initially, every success involves several stages of setbacks and risks, and we need to summon up our will to conquer them. Moreover, there are enormous temptation in our path of pursuit of success. For instance, when we plan to quit smoking, our roommates may smoke freely in front of us; when we are eager to keep fit, our close friends may invite us to have late night snacks. Under these occasions, only strong will can assist us to resist the temptation, and persist in chasing our goals until we triumphantly realize them.In short, no dream will successfully come true if we do not have strong will. An old famous proverb says that …where there is a will, there is a way‟. Let us bear this motto in mind no matter how many thunders and thorns are on our roads ahead, and then we will be successful with such precious and powerful spirit.1. A) sticks to them in their daily life2. C) It is the basis of mutual trust3. A) To ensure we make responsible choices.4. B). it is claimed to be unintentional.5. A). Avoid making excuses.6. C). value immediate benefits most.7. A) pay more dearly8. steal a grade.9. honesty and good faith.10、the Watergate scandal11-15 BDCAB 16-20 DABCC21-25 CBCCD 26-30 CBABD31-35 BDABA36. company37. single38. completely39. vacation40. sewn41. electricity42. evidence43. journey44. I remember being carefully taught that independence, not interdependence,was everything45. what my parents were trying to teach me was to take responsibility for my actions and my choices.46. I would do almost anything not to be a burden, and not require any help from anybody.47、H 根据this确定此空必然填一单数名词，15词中D/E/H备选，E/H 相似，其中必有一个答案，前文所说人口、能源消耗等，均只能用“增长”来指代，而不能说是进步；故选择H.growth，根据相似原则，E和H可以一起划去。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试日语试题分析（不含听力试卷）第一部分：补全对话（满分30分）第一节——阅读下列7段对话，每段对话后有1道小题，从A.B.C.D.3个选项中选出最佳选项（共7个小题；每小题2分，满分14分）１．先輩：仕事のほうはどうですか。
後輩：はい、＿＿＿。
Ａ．失礼しますＢ．おかげさまでＣ．お願いします２．友達Ａ：もう暗いから、＿＿＿。
友達Ｂ：はい。
お休みなさい。
Ａ．失礼してくださいねＢ．安心してくださいねＣ．気を付けてくださいね３．学生Ａ：これ、使ってもいいですか。
学生Ｂ：ええ、＿＿＿。
Ａ．そうですよＢ．いけませんよＣ．かまいませんよ４．女子社員：田中さんはどんな本を読みますか。
男子社員：＿＿＿。
難しい本がいいですね。
夜なかなか眠れないとき、わからないものを読んでいると、すぐ眠くなるんです。
Ａ．そうですかＢ．そうですねＣ．そうですよ５．Ａ社社員：はい、田中商事でございます。
Ｂ社社員：どうもいつもお世話になっております。
東洋銀行の佐藤ですが、木村課長いらっしゃいますか。
Ａ社社員：はい、＿＿＿。
Ａ．お待ちですかＢ．お待たせしましたＣ．少々お待ちください６．学生：おはようございます。
先生：おはよう。
会場は？学生：はい、２階にあります。
＿＿＿。
Ａ．ご案内しますＢ．連れて行きますＣ．お連れになります７．女子社員：どうしたんですか、足。
男子社員：いや、別に……女子社員；怪我でもしたんですか。
男子社員：＿＿＿。
買ったばかりの靴が、どうも足に合わなくて……Ａ．いいえ、何もありませんＢ．いや、そういうわけじゃないＣ．えっ、そんなことありますか第二节——阅读下列4段对话，每段对话后有2道小题，从A.B.C.3个选项中选出最佳选项。
（共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分）（一）学生Ａ：今回の壁新聞、内容も面白いし、デザインもいいし、李さん、＿８＿。
学生Ｂ：いいえ、＿９＿。
８．Ａ．大変ですねＢ．すごいですねＣ．気の每ですね９．Ａ．大丈夫ですＢ．そうなんですよＣ．大したことはないです（二）女子社員：父が昨日倒れたの。
2011年12月日语等级考试-N1-答案解析版
2011年12月日语等级考试n1权威解析优势日语撰写，明王道整理【N1词汇】真题文字部分这次的文字词汇考题难度适中，与去年相比没什么太大的变化。
第一题考察的是单词的读音。
总体难度不是很难。
甚至有些是N2的词汇。
所以希望考生在今后的备考中不要总拘泥于特别难的生僻单词，应该把精力多放在基础的词汇上。
考察的单词为：鈍い（にぶい）、漠然（ばくぜん）、閲覧（えつらん）、釈明（しゃくめい）、合併（がっぺい）、兆し（きざし）这些单词在课堂上都已经讲解过，相信大家都能选出正确答案。
第二题考察的是对单词意思的理解以及复合词和派生词。
如：８そんな軽装で冬の山に登るなんて（無謀）だ。
本题中考察了形容动词無謀，意思为鲁莽，欠斟酌。
整句意思为穿这么少就去爬山，真是欠考虑。
第七题中考察了接头词猛反対。
意思为强烈的反对。
第三题考察的是同义词、近义词。
考点有：ありきたり意思为通常、一般、不稀奇。
歴然（れきぜん）意思为明显、分明、清楚。
極力（きょくりょく）意思为极力、尽量、尽可能。
落胆（らくたん）意思为灰心、气馁、沮丧。
あっけない意思为太简单、没意思、没劲。
コントラスト意思为对比、对照。
第四题是N1的文字词汇当中最难的一道题。
分别考察了とっくに意思为早就、老早、好久以前。
まちまち意思为各式各样、形形色色。
ゆとり意思为宽裕、余地。
配布（はいふ）意思为散发。
質素（しっそ）意思为朴素、简朴。
見失う（みうしなう）意思为迷失、看丢。
希望考生取得优异成绩。
解析真题语法部分今年的N1语法考题延续了7月份样式，对N2语法，敬语以及口语形式都相应进行了考察。
问题五是对语法意思和语法接续的考察。
28 全国の名産品を電話一本で自宅まで届けてくれるサービスが、その手軽さ（）人気を集めている。
１ながら２ゆえに３どころか４なくして这道题对N1、N2基础语法的考察。
选项一为二级语法，既可以表示同一主体同时进行两个动作，也可以表示一边……一边。
选项二为一级语法，表示原因、理由。
2011年6月四级真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. Y ou should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3.我的建议Online ShoppingPart II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1 - 7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.British Cuisine: the Best of Old and NewBritish cuisine(烹饪) has come of age in recent years as chefs(厨师) combine the best of old and new.Why does British food have a reputation for being so bad? Because it is bad! Those are not the most encouraging words to hear just before eating lunch at one of Hong Kong's smartest British restaurants, Alfie's by KEE, but head chef Neil Tomes has more to say."The past 15 years or so have been a noticeable period of improvement for food in England," the English chef says, citing the trend in British cuisine for better ingredients, preparation and cooking methods, and more appealing presentation. Chef such as Delia Smith, Nigel Slater, Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay made the public realise that cooking - and eating - didn't have to be a boring thing. And now, most of the British public is familiar even with the extremes of Heston Blumenthal's molecular gastronomy, a form of cooking that employs scientific methods to create the perfect dish."It's no longer the case that the common man in England is embarrassed to show he knows about food," Tomes says.There was plenty of room for improvement. The problems with the nation's cuisine can be traced back to the Second World War. Before the war, much of Britain's food was imported and when German U-boats began attacking ships bringing food to the country, Britain went on rations(配给)."As rationing came to an end in the 1950s, technology picked up and was used to mass-produce food," Tomes says. "And by then people were just happy to have a decent quantity of food in their kitchens."They weren't looking for cured meats, organic produce or beautiful presentation; they were looking for whatever they could get their hands on, and this prioritisation of quantity over quality prevailed for decades, meaning a generation was brought up with food that couldn't compete with neighbouring France, Italy, Belgium or Spain.Before star chefs such as Oliver began making cooking fashionable, it was hard to find a restaurant in London that was open after 9pm. But in recent years the capital's culinary(烹饪的) scene has developed to the point that it is now confident of its ability to please the tastes of any international visitor.With the opening of Alfie's in April, and others such as The Pawn, two years ago, modern British food has made its way to Hong Kong. "With British food, I think that Hong Kong restaurant are keeping up," says David Tamlyn, the Welsh executive chef at The Pawn in Wan Chai. "Hong Kong diners are extremely responsive to new ideas or presentations, which is good news for new dishes."Chefs agree that diners in Hong Kong are embracing the modern British trend. Some restaurants are modifying the recipes(菜谱)of British dishes to breathe new life into the classics, while other are usingbetter quality ingredients but remaining true to British traditional and tastes.Tamlyn is in the second camp. "We select our food very particulary. We use US beef, New Zealand lamb and for our custards(牛奶蛋糊) we use Bird's Custard Powder," Tamlyn says. "Some restaurants go for custard made fresh with eggs, sugar and cream, but British custard is different, and we stay true to that."Matthew Hill, senior manager at the two-year-old SoHo restaurant Y orkshire Pudding, also uses better ingredients as a means of improving dishes. "There are a lot of existing perceptions about British food and so we can't alter these too much. We're a traditional British restaurant so there are some staples(主菜) that will remain essentially unchanged."These traditional dishes include fish and chips, steak and kidney pie and large pieces of roasted meats. At Alfie's, the newest of the British restaurants in town and perhaps the most gentlemen's club-like in design, Neil Tomes explains his passion for provenance(原产地). "Britain has started to become really proud of the food it's producing. It has excellent organic farms, beautifully crafted cheeses, high-quality meats."However, the British don't have a history of exporting their foodstuffs, which makes it difficult for restaurants in Hong Kong to source authentic ingredients."We can get a lot of our ingredients once a week from the UK," Tamlyn explains. "But there is also pressure to buy local and save on food miles, which means we take our vegetables from the local markets, and there are a lot that work well with British staples."The Phoenix, in Mid-Levels, offers the widest interpretation of "British cuisine", while still trying to maintain its soul. The gastro-pub has existed in various locations in Hong Kong since 2002. Singaporean head chef Tommy Teh Kum Chai offers daily specials on a blackboard, rather than sticking to a menu. This enables him to reinterpret British cuisine depending on what is available in the local markets."We use a lot of ingredients that people wouldn't perhaps associate as British, but are presented in a British way. Bell peppers stuffed with couscous, alongside ratatouille, is a very popular dish."Although the ingredients may not strike diners as being traditional, they can be found in dishes across Britain.Even the traditional chefs are aware of the need to adapt to local tastes and customs, while maintaining the Brutishness of their cuisine.At Y orkshire Pudding, Hill says that his staff asks diners whether they would like to share their meals. Small dishes, shared meals and "mixing it up" is not something commonly done in Britain, but Y orkshire Pudding will bring full dished to the table and offer individual plates for each dinner. "That way, people still get the presentation of the dishes as they were designed, but can carve them up however they like," Hill says.This practice is also popular at The Pawn, although largely for rotisseries(烤肉馆), Tamlyn says. "Some tables will arrive on Sunday, order a whole chicken and a shoulder of lamb or a baby pig, and just stay for hours enjoying everything we bring out for them."Some British traditions are too sacred(神圣的) to mess with, however, Tomes says. "I'd never change a full English breakfast."1. What is British food generally known for?A) Its unique flavor. B) Its bad taste.C) Its special cooking methods D) Its organic ingredients.2. The Second World War led to ____ in Britain.A) an inadequate supply of food B) a decrease of grain productionC) an increase in food import D) a change in people's eating habits3. Why couldn't Britain compete with some of its neighboring countries in terms of food in the post-war decades?A) Its food lacked variety. B) Its people cared more for quantity.C) It was short of well-trained chefs. D) It didn't have flavorful food ingredients.4. With culinary improvement in recent years, London's restaurants are now able to appea l to the tastes of ____.A) most young people B) elderly British dinersC) all kinds of overseas visitors D) upper-class customers5. What do Hong Kong diners welcome, according to Welsh executive chef David Tamlyn?A) Authentic classic cuisine. B) Locally produced ingredients.C) New ideas and presentations. D) The return of home-style dishes.6. While using quality ingredients, David Tamlyn insists that the dishes should ____.A) benefit people's health B) look beautiful and invitingC) be offered at reasonable prices D) maintain British traditional tastes7. Why does Neil Tomes say he loves food ingredients from Britain?A) They appeal to people from all over the world. B) They are produced on excellent organic forms.C) They are processed in a scientific way. D) They come in a great variety.8. Tamlyn says that besides importing ingredients from Britain once a week, his restaurant also buys vegetables from ____________________.9. The Phoenix in Mid-Levels may not use British ingredients, but presents its dishes ________________.10. Y orkshire Pudding is a restaurant which will bring full dishes to the table but offer plates to those diners who would like to ___________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He is careless about his appearance.B) He is ashamed of his present condition.C) He changes jobs frequently.D) He shaves every other day.12. A) Jane may be caught in a traffic jam.B) Jane should have started a little earlier.C) He knows what sort of person Jane is.D) He is irritated at having to wait for Jane.13. A) Training for the Mid-Atlantic Championships.B) Making preparations for a trans-Atlantic trip.C) Collecting information about baseball games.D) Analyzing their rivals' on-field performance.14. A) He had a narrow escape in a car accident.B) He is hospitalized for a serious injury.C) He lost his mother two weeks ago.D) He has been having a hard time.15. A) The woman has known the speaker for a long time.B) The man had difficulty understanding the lecture.C) The man is making a fuss about nothing.D) The woman thinks highly of the speaker.16. A) He has difficulty making sense of logic.B) Statistics and logic are both challenging subjects.C) The woman should seek help from the tutoring service.D) Tutoring services are very popular with students.17. A) Her overcoat is as stylish as Jill's.B) Jill missed her class last week.C) Jill wore the overcoat last week.D) She is in the same class as the man.18. A) A computer game.B) An imaginary situation.C) An exciting experience.D) A vacation by the sea.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Beautiful scenery in the countryside.B) Dangers of cross-country skiing.C) Pain and pleasure in sports.D) A sport he participates in.20. A) He can't find good examples to illustrate his point.B) He can't find a peaceful place to do the assignment.C) He doesn't know how to describe the beautiful country scenery.D) He can't decide whether to include the effort part of skiing.21. A) New ideas come up as you write.B) Much time is spent on collecting data.C) A lot of effort is made in vain.D) The writer's point of view often changes.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Journalist of a local newspaper.B) Director of evening radio programs.C) Producer of television commercials.D) Hostess of the weekly "Business World".23. A) He ran three restaurants with his wife's help.B) He and his wife did everything by themselves.C) He worked both as a cook and a waiter.D) He hired a cook and two local waitresses.24. A) He hardly needs to do any advertising nowadays.B) He advertises a lot on radio and in newspapers.C) He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.D) He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.25. A) The restaurant location.B) The restaurant atmosphere.C) The food variety.D) The food price.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One26. A) Its protection is often neglected by children.B) It cannot be fully restored once damaged.C) There are many false notions about it.D) There are various ways to protect it.27. A) It may make the wearer feel tired.B) It will gradually weaken the eyes of adults.C) It can lead to the loss of vision in children.D) It can permanently change the eye structure.28. A) It can never be done with high technology.B) It is the best way to restore damaged eyesight.C) It is a major achievement in eye surgery.D) It can only be partly accomplished now.Passage Two29. A) They think they should follow the current trend.B) Nursing homes are well-equipped and convenient.C) Adult day-care centers are easily accessible.D) They have jobs and other commitments.30. A) They don't want to use up all their life savings.B) They fear they will regret it afterwards.C) They would like to spend more time with them.D) They don't want to see their husbands poorly treated.31. A) Provide professional standard care.B) Be frank and seek help from others.C) Be affectionate and cooperative.D) Make use of community facilities.Passage Three32. A) Health and safety conditions in the workplace.B) Rights and responsibilities of company employees.C) Common complaints made by office workers.D) Conflicts between labor and management.33. A) Replace its out-dated equipment.B) Improve the welfare of affected workers.C) Follow the government regulations strictly.D) Provide extra health compensation.34. A) They requested to transfer to a safer department.B) They quit work to protect their unborn babies.C) They sought help from union representatives.D) They wanted to work shorter hours.35. A) To show how they love winter sports.B) To attract the attention from the media.C) To protect against the poor working conditions.D) To protect themselves against the cold weather.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Contrary to the old warning that time waits for no one, time slows down when you are on the move. It also slows down more as you move faster, which means astronauts(宇航员) someday may (36)__________ so long in space that they would return to an Earth of the (37)__________ future. If you could move at the speed of light, your time would stand still. If you could move faster than light, your time would move (38)__________ .Although no form of matter yet (39)__________ moves as fast as or faster than light, (40)__________ experiments have already confirmed that accelerated (41)__________ causes a traveler's time to be stretched. Albert Einstein (42)__________ this in 1905, when he (43)__________ the concept of relative time as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. A search is now under way to confirm the suspected existence of particles of matter (44)_______________________________________________ __________________________________________ .An obsession(沉迷)with time-saving, gaining, wasting, losing, and mastering it-(45)_______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________ . Humanity also has been obsessed with trying to capture the meaning of time. Einstein (46)___________________________________________________________ ____________________________________. Thus, time and time's relativity are measurable by any hourglass, alarm clock, or an atomic clock that can measure a billionth of a second.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Y ou are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Y ou may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 if they slept for longer periods, he said."The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego."It's 53 a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 . Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's 56 from person to person, but theamount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount we need at 75."A) alert B) associated C) attracting D) cling E) continuingF) definitely G) different H) efficiently I) formally J) functionK) mixed L) negative M) sufficient N) tend O) youngerSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSeveral recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New Y ork Times article, Sam Roakye-the only black student on his freshman year floor-said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different race are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studies and explained.57. What can we learn from some recent studies?A) Conflicts between studies of different races are unavoidable.B) Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C) Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D) Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.58. What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A) White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B) Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C) Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D) Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.59. What does the Indians Univerisity study show?A) Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B) Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C) Roommates of different races just don't get along.D) Assigning students' lodging randomly is not a good policy.60. What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A) Students of different races are required to share room.B) Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C) Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D) The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.61. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?A) It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B) Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C) Students' racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D) Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.Passage TwoGlobal warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (营养不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum's report was " a methodological embarrassment" because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受伤害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that "climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention." But the report, he said, "will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的)"However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forum's report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly received by environmentalists.D) It caused a big stir in developing countries.64. What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forum's report?A) Its statistics look embarrassing.B) It is invalid in terms of methodology.C) It deserves our closest attention.D) Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated.65. What is Soren Andreasen's view of the report?A) Its conclusions are based on carefully collected data.B) It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examined.C) It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conference.D) Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders.66. What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?A) How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warming.B) How human and economic losses from climate change can be reduced.C) How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scale.D) How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards.Part ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centreWhen it comes to eating amart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term fixes and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift 67 your mouth. "In the past we used to believe that 68 amounts of individual nutrients (营养物) were the 69 to good health," says Linda Van Horn, chair of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 70 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to 71 not only heart disease but disease 72 general," she adds.Scientists now 73 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten 74 several days or a week 75 than on the number of milligrams (毫克) of this or that 76 at each meal. Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 77 for good health. "The more we learn, the more 78 we are by the wealth of essential substances they 79 ," V an Horn continues, "and how they 80 with each other to keep us healthy."Y ou'll automatically be 81 the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 82 three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 83 in the restaurant one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to 84 clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a 85 , each of the small decisions you make in this realm can make a big 86 on your health in the years to come.67. A) between B) through C) inside D) to68. A) serious B) splendid C) specific D) separate。
2011年日语 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试日语试题卷第一部分听力（共2节满分30分）第二部分日语知识运用（供40小题满分40分）16親＿＿黙って、会社を辞めてしまったAでBにCへDを17 外＿＿＿布団を干したまま出かけたAをBはCでDに18 猫は道の上＿＿走っていたAはBをCとDが19 あの人は車に乗ってから目的地に着く＿＿、ずっとしゃべっていた。
AまでBまでにCときDあと20 今度出された料理は好きなもの＿＿嫌いなもののほうが多かった。
AよりBがちCにはDでは21一生懸命に走った＿＿、間に合いませんでした。
AしBからCのでDのに22 父は若いときは医者に＿＿＿。
AなりそうですBなりそうでしたCなりたかったそうですDなりたいそうでした23 授業が終わって、家へ＿＿としたら、雨が降ってきました。
A帰るB帰りたいC帰ろうD帰るよう24先生、風を引いてしまいましたので、明日授業を＿＿いただけないでしょうかA休まれてB休ませてC休んでD休んでみて25だめだと思っていた大学に合格して、まるで夢の＿＿です。
AらしいBみたいCそうDよう26 花子さんはいつもにこにこしていて、＿方ですね。
AやさしみたいBやさしらしいCやさしそうなDやさしような27 私たちをしかる母の言葉には、深い感情が＿＿。
A込めますB込めさせていますC込めていますD込められています28 最近は正月を自宅で過ごさない人が増えて＿。
AいきましたBありましたCみましたDきました29 おなかがすいていたので、料理を２人分食べて＿。
AいたBしまったCおいたDあった30 背が高くなるように、毎日牛乳をたくさん＿＿＿。
A飲んでいるB飲んであるC飲んでしまうD飲んでいく31話しながらコップを＿＿１つ壊してしまった。
A洗えばB洗ってもC洗ったらD洗ったり32 箱を開けてみると、中に人形が＿＿。
A入れましたB入りましたC入れていましたD入っていました33 このところ忙しかった＿＿ですから、電話のしないで、ごめんなさいAことBものCはずDべき34 日本人の友達の＿＿で、日本の生活に慣れてきた。
大学日语四级考试真题 学生用
三、会話問題（对话题） 二人の会話を聞いて、質問に答えてください。
質問は会話を聞く前と聞いた後２回言います。正 しい答えを[Ａ][Ｂ][Ｃ][Ｄ]から、一つ選んでく ださい。会話は一回しか言いません。まず例題を してみましょう。
例題
[Ａ] 水曜日 [Ｂ] 木曜日 [Ｃ] 金曜日 [Ｄ] 土曜日
答えはＡです。 このような問題は 11 から 20 まであります。そ れでは、問題を始めます。
Ⅲ 文法セクション（语法部分）（20 分間）
次の文の
のところに入るのに、最も適当な
ものを[Ａ][Ｂ][Ｃ][Ｄ]から一つ選びなさい。
51．それは今日 [Ａ] の
新聞ですか。 [Ｂ] に
[Ｃ] で 52．大学
[Ａ] に [Ｃ] で
[Ｄ] が 日本語を勉強します。
[Ｂ] へ [Ｄ] と
53．その歌手は
五、客观多项选择试题只能选一个答案，多选作废。 选定答案后，用 HB-2B 铅笔按规定在相应字母 的中部划一条横线。正确的方法如下： [Ａ] [Ｂ] ［Ｃ］ [Ｄ]
六、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦去原来选定 的答案。
七、主观试题用钢笔或圆珠笔书写。 Ⅰ 聴解セクション（听解部分）（20 分間）
これから聞くテストを行います。
一人がそれに答える。正しい答えを [Ａ][Ｂ][Ｃ][Ｄ]から、一つ選んでください。文 は一回しか言いない。まず例題をしてみよう。
例題 [Ａ] [Ｂ] [Ｃ] [Ｄ]
答えはＡです。 このような問題は６から 10 まであります。そ れでは、問題を始めます。
６．[Ａ] [Ｂ] [Ｃ] [Ｄ] ７．[Ａ] [Ｂ] [Ｃ] [Ｄ] ８．[Ａ] [Ｂ] [Ｃ] [Ｄ] ９．[Ａ] [Ｂ] [Ｃ] [Ｄ] 10．[Ａ] [Ｂ] [Ｃ] [Ｄ]
2011年12月四级真题答案详解-推荐下载
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术通关，1系电过，力管根保线据护敷生高设产中技工资术艺料0不高试仅中卷可资配以料置解试技决卷术吊要是顶求指层，机配对组置电在不气进规设行范备继高进电中行保资空护料载高试与中卷带资问负料题荷试2下卷2，高总而中体且资配可料置保试时障卷，各调需类控要管试在路验最习；大题对限到设度位备内。进来在行确管调保路整机敷使组设其高过在中程正资1常料中工试，况卷要下安加与全强过，看度并22工且22作尽22下可22都能22可地护以缩1关正小于常故管工障路作高高；中中对资资于料料继试试电卷卷保破连护坏接进范管行围口整，处核或理对者高定对中值某资，些料审异试核常卷与高弯校中扁对资度图料固纸试定，卷盒编工位写况置复进.杂行保设自护备动层与处防装理腐置，跨高尤接中其地资要线料避弯试免曲卷错半调误径试高标方中高案资等，料，编试要5写、卷求重电保技要气护术设设装交备备置底4高调、动。中试电作管资高气，线料中课并敷3试资件且、设卷料中拒管技试试调绝路术验卷试动敷中方技作设包案术，技含以来术线及避槽系免、统不管启必架动要等方高多案中项；资方对料式整试，套卷为启突解动然决过停高程机中中。语高因文中此电资，气料电课试力件卷高中电中管气资壁设料薄备试、进卷接行保口调护不试装严工置等作调问并试题且技，进术合行，理过要利关求用运电管行力线高保敷中护设资装技料置术试做。卷到线技准缆术确敷指灵设导活原。。则对对：于于在调差分试动线过保盒程护处中装，高置当中高不资中同料资电试料压卷试回技卷路术调交问试叉题技时，术，作是应为指采调发用试电金人机属员一隔，变板需压进要器行在组隔事在开前发处掌生理握内；图部同纸故一资障线料时槽、，内设需，备要强制进电造行回厂外路家部须出电同具源时高高切中中断资资习料料题试试电卷卷源试切，验除线报从缆告而敷与采设相用完关高毕技中，术资要资料进料试行，卷检并主查且要和了保检解护测现装处场置理设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。
日语专四2011真题 大学日本语専攻生四级能力试験问题(2011)
大学日本語専攻生四級能力試験問題（2011）（試験時間：160分）注意：解答はすべて解答用紙に書きなさい。
第一部分一、聴解（1×20＝20点）二、次の文の下線をつけた単語の正しい読み方や漢字を、後のＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄから一つ選びなさい。
（1×10＝10点）21．そんな下品な話はこの場にふさわしくない。
Ａ．かひんＢ．けぴんＣ．げひんＤ．かぴん22．サクラの蕾はもう膨らんでいる。
Ａ．つぼＢ．つぼみＣ．つぽみＤ．みのり23．この会社には機械の操作に熟練する労働者が尐ない。
Ａ．そうさＢ．そうざくＣ．そうさくＤ．そうさう24．原子力発電所についてその建設の是非を問う声が聞こえる。
Ａ．ぜせＢ．ぜせいＣ．ぜぴＤ．ぜひ25．友人と改札口で待ち合わせする。
Ａ．かいさつぐちＢ．かいさつくちＣ．かいさつごうＤ．かいさつこう26．このクラスの生徒たちはよく教室でさわぐんだよ。
Ａ．閙Ｂ．喚Ｃ．擾Ｄ．騒27．このごろ、ふところに金が一銭もなく、困っている。
Ａ．袖Ｂ．懐Ｃ．包Ｄ．財布28．あの子はしつけが悪い。
Ａ．師付Ｂ．執化Ｃ．叱Ｄ．躾第2頁（共11頁）29．島民の大半は空港建設賛成にかたむきつつある。
Ａ．偏Ｂ．頗Ｃ．傾Ｄ．斜30．今度の事件は彼のしゅっせの妨げになるだろう。
Ａ．出生Ｂ．終世Ｃ．出世Ｄ．終生三、次の文のに入れるのに最も適当な言葉を後のＡ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄから一つ選びなさい。
（１×15＝15点）31．どんな仕事でも一人前になるためには努力が必要だ。
Ａ．かえざるＢ．さかえざるＣ．たえざるＤ．はえざる32．各々の持ち味をように工夫する必要があります。
Ａ．まかすＢ．はなすＣ．ならすＤ．いかす33．こんな問題はもなく解決できる。
Ａ．わけＢ．はずＣ．ものＤ．こと34．申告された件数はほんの一割程度にすぎない。
Ａ．またＢ．まだＣ．もうＤ．そう35．今度の会見をに、両国関係は新たな局面を迎えた。
Ａ．きっかけＢ．じつげんＣ．じっさいＤ．ひっかけ36．理由もなく急にそうなるさまを、日本語では「」という。