环境工程专业英语unit1 ,华南理工大学,钟理资料
环境工程专业英语第一章 unit1 2
The production of more and better quality food 越来越丰富、越来越好吃的食品 The creation of housing as protection from extremes from climates and as living space 创造了可以保护我们免受极端气候并作为生活空间的房子 The building of fast and reliable means of transportation 方便快捷的交通运输系统 The invention of various systems of communication 各类通讯系统的发明 The invention of machines to replace human or animal power
• 系统：根据韦氏字典的定义，就是“一系列有联系或有关系的事物形 成的一个有机整体或一个单元”，像太阳系、灌溉系统、供应系统、 世界或宇宙。
Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect
在理解和控制在人类活动和自然界复杂的相互作用上所需的科学知识的巨大
差异 Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the
application of current technology, but which are not dealt with because of
unit1
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contents Part 3, unit 15 water treatment process Part 3, unit 16, biological wastewater treatment
Quantitative Environmental Science
Science or, perhaps more correctly, the scientific method, deals with data, that is, with recorded observations. The data are，of course, a sample of the universe of possibilities. They may be representative or they may be skewed. 科学 ,或者，也许更正确，科学的方法，是对那 些观察记录到的数据进行处理。而数据，当然， 是宇宙的可能性的一个样本。他们可以是代表性 的，它们也可以走样。
环境科学与工程专业英语第三版钟理课文翻译1.1
环境工程专业英语钟理翻译第一部分环境科学和工程的介绍第一单元环境科学与工程是什么？自然科学广义上，科学是系统化的知识，它是通过观察、实验，来源于并测试问题的认识构想和数据的收集。
我们区别社会科学和自然科学,前者是通过涉及人的研究，以及他们怎么作为家庭、部落、社区、种族、国家住在一起;后者涉及自然的研究和物质世界.自然科学包括像这样不同的学科，比如生物、化学、地理、物理、和环境科学。
环境科学与生物、化学和物理(及他们的分支学科:微生物、有机化学、核物理等）学科关注自然科学的不同，在最广义上，环境科学包含自然科学的各个方面。
当然,环境科学的历史研究也曾重点关注自然环境。
这个自然环境，和人造自然不同，我们是指大气、土壤、水和居民。
现代环境科学也是探索人工环境放入应用,可能更准确的说法是，人工环境的排放物.定量环境科学科学，或者更准确地是,科学方法，是通过记录下的观测结果来处理数据的。
这些数据当然是,充满可能性的宇宙的一个样本。
他们可能是有代表性的，也有可能是被曲解的.即便他们是有代表性的，也有可能包含一些偶然的以现有知识无法解释的变异.在数据收集和记录过程中，仔细认真、无偏见和独立核实是科学的基石。
当对数据收集和整理揭露了某些规律时,可能归纳出概况或假设.这基本上是在某种情况下，某一现象可以普遍被观察到的一个声明。
许多概括是统计上的，它们在大集合中应用准确；但仅仅是可能性，当应用在小组或个体上。
在科学途径中,假设经过测试、修订、再测试后，直到被证明为可行的.如果我们用某一种假设或者总结一系列的概括,我们可以公式出一个理论.例如，长时间受到公认的理论被认为是定律。
举一些例子,运动定律是描述运动物体的行为的；气体定律,是描述气体行为的。
理论的发展是一项重要的完成，因为它会产生大量知识的统一。
而且，一个理论给予我们一个新的有力工具来获取知识，因为它给我们展示了去哪里寻找新的概括。
因此，数据的积累变得更不像是事实的胡乱收集；而是对所需信息的系统的探寻。
环境科学与工程专业英语
环境科学与工程专业英语第一篇：环境科学与工程专业英语一、单词/词组（考试时要求：中译英/英译中）环境科学：environmental science环境工程：environmental engineering定量环境科学：quantitative environmental science 定性环境科学：qualitative environmental science 衰减再生：decay and recycling新陈代谢率：metabolic rates外来物质：foreign matter研究和发展：Research and Development一次大气污染物：primary air pollutant 二次大气污染物：secondary air pollutant氧含量：Oxygen content点源：point sources沥青残留物：asphaltic residue酸雨：acid rain设备维护：facilities maintenance废物最小化：waste minimization正常浓度：normal concentration胡乱收集：magpie collection需氧量：oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required 闭合回路：closed-loop微生物：microbe/microorganisms揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps空气质量监测：air-quality monitoring氧化剂：oxidizer石油精炼:petroleum refining活性炭：activated carbon质量控制：quality control海轮：ocean liner挥发性化学物质：volatile chemicals沙漠化：desertification火山喷发：volcanic eruption间歇源：intermittent sources衡量浓度：trace concentrations氯化物和硫化物：chlorides and sulphates风化：wind erosion不完全燃烧：incomplete combustion化石燃料：fossil fuels液滴：liquid dropletsSO3:sulfur trioxidefor managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站Roman empire罗马皇帝Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟Wate phosphorous 亚磷的（三价磷）phosphorous acid亚磷酸phosphoric磷的（五价）carbonates，bicarbonates碳酸盐，碳酸氢盐carbohydrates碳水化合物，主要含氢和碳TOC(total organic carbon)总有机碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物BOD5BOD的测试标准化rborne diseases 水传染的疾病epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层become depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重点句子翻译UNIT21.Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us；that which we can see，hear，touch，smell，and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地，在那里我们可以看到，听到，触到，闻到和品尝到。
环境工程专业英语unit1 ,华南理工大学,钟理
Unit 1 Text: What are Environmental Science and Engineering?
环境科学与工程是什么？
We differentiate between social science and natural science in that the former deals with the study of people and how they live together as families, tribes, communities, races, and nations, and the latter deals with the study of nature and the physical world. 我们用来区分社会科学和自然科学的是，前者从事研究人作为家庭、部落、 社区,种族,和国家如何生活在一起的,后者从事自然和物理世界的研究。
The historical focus of study for environmental scientists has been, of course, the natural environment. 历来环境科学家研究的焦点，理所应当是自然环境。 By this, we mean the atmosphere, the land, the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.
With qualitative logic we cannot identify what “too high” means—we need quantitative logic to do that.
环境工程专业英语
环境工程专业英语考试(完整版)
环境与生态:LESSON1:环境与环境工程To the environmental engineer,the wordenvironmentmay take on global dimensions(维面积尺度),may refer to a very localized(局部化地方化)area in which a specific problemmust be addressed(致辞谈到),or may,in the case of contained environments,refer to a small volume of liquid,gaseous(气的),or solid materials within a treatment-plant(处理厂)reactor(反应器).┃The global environmentconsists of the atmosphere(大气圈),the hydrosphere(水圈),the lithosphere(岩石圈)in which the life-sustaining(供养)resources of the earth arecontained.┃The biosphere(生物圈),a thin shell that encapsulates(密封加浓)the earth,is made up of the atmosphere andlithosphereadjacent(接近的临近的)to the surface of the earth,together with the hydrosphere and the life forms of earth.┃Life-sustainingmaterials in gaseous,liquid,and solid forms are cycled though thebiosphere,providing sustenance to all living organisms(生物).Life-sustaining resources(air,food,water)are withdrawn from the biosphere.It is also into the biosphere that waste products in gaseous,liquid and solid forms are discharged(排放).┃Environment engineeringhas been defined as the branch of engineering thatis concerned with(关心)protecting the environment from the potential(潜在的),deleterious(有害的)effects of human activity,protecting human populations from the effect of adverse environmental factors,and improving environmental quality for human health and well-being(幸福福利).┃Humans interactwith their environment(sometimes adversely impacting the environment and sometimes being adversely impacted by pollutants in the environment.An understanding of the nature of the environment and of human interaction with it is a necessaryprerequisite(前提)to understanding the workfortheenvironmental engineering.
（完整版）（整理）环境工程专业英语翻译（中英对照）
（完整版）（整理）环境工程专业英语翻译（中英对照）Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境工程专业英语(钟理编)英语全文
Unit 13Text: Water Treatment ProcessesOne of the great achievements of modern technology has been to drastically reduce the incidence of waterborne of diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever. These diseases are no longer the great risks to pubic health that they once were. The key to this advance was the recognition that contamination of pubic water supplies by human wastes was the main source ci infection, and that it could be eliminated by more effective water treatment and better waste disposal.Tod ay’s water treatment plants are designed to provide water continuously that meets drinking water standards at the tap. There are four main considerations involved in accomplishing this1 source selection, protection of water quality, treatment methods to be used, and prevention of recontamination. Common precautions to prevent groundwater and surface water pollution include prohibiting the discharge of sanitary and storm sewers close to the water reservoir, installing fences to prevent pollution from recreational uses of water, and restrictions on the application of fertilizers and pesticides in areas that drain to the reservoir.Screening, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration. and disinfection are the main unit operations involved in the treatment of surface water. Water treatment operationa fulfill one or more of three key tasks1 removal of particulate substances such aa sand and clay, organic matter, bacteria, and algae; removal of dissolved substances such as those causing color and hardness; and removal or destruction of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The actual selection of treatment processes depends on the type of water source and the desired water quality.Occasionally, raw water with low turbidity can be treated by plain sedimentation (no chemicals) to remove larger particles and then filtration to remove the few particles that failed to settle out. Usually, however, particles in the raw water are too small to be removed in a reasonably short time through sedimentation and simple filtration alone. To remedy this, a chemical is added to coagulate/flocculate the small particles, called colloids, into large ones, which can then be settled out in sedimentation tanks or removed directly in filters.Removal of Particulate MatterThe unit operations employed for the removal of particulate matter from water include screening, sedimentation, coagulation/flocculation, and filtration.Screening to remove large solids such as logs, branches, rags, and small fish is the first stage in the treatment of water. Allowing such debris into the treatment plant could damage pumps and clog pipes and channels. For the same reasons, water intakes are located below the surface of the lake or river in order to exclude floating objects and minimize physical damage from ice.Sedimentation, the oldest and moat widely used form of water and wastewater treatment, uses gravity settling to remove particles from water. It is relatively simple and inexpensive and can be implemented in basins that are round, square, or rectangular. As noted earlier, sedimentation may follow coagulation and flocculation (for highly turbid water) or be omitted entirely (with moderately turbid water) .Particulates suspended in surface water can range in size from 10-1 to 10-7mm in diameter, the size of fine sand and small clay particles, respectively. Turbidity or cloudiness in water is caused by those particles larger than 10 mm, while particles smaller than 10 mm contribute to the color and taste.Coagulation/flocculation is a chemical-physical procedure whereby particles too small for practical removal by plain sedimentation are destabilized sod clustered together for faster settling©. A significant percentage of particulates suspended in water are so small that settling to the bottom of a tank would take days or weeks. These colloidal particles would never settle by plain sedimentation.Coagulation is s chemical process used to destabilize colloidal particles. The exact mechanism is not well understood, but the general ides is to add a chemical which has positively charged colloids to water containing negatively charged colloids. This will neutralize the negative change on the colloids and thus reduce the tendency for the colloids to repel each other. Rapid mixing for a few seconds is required to disperse the coagulant. Gentle mixing, called flocculation, of the suspension is then undertaken to promote particle contact. This is achieved by mechanical mixing through the use of slowly rotating paddles inside the coagulation/flocculation tank, or by hydraulic mixing which occurs when flow is directed over and around baffles in the tank. Detention time in the coagulation/flocculation tank is usually between 20—40 minutes in tanks 3—4m deep. Through the combined chemical/physical process of coagulation/flocculation, the colloidal particles which would not settle out by plain sedimentation are agglomerated to form larger solids called floe. These appear as fluffy growths of irregular shape that are able to entrap small noncoagulaed particles when settling downward. Aluminum sulfate is the most common coagulant but organic polymers may also be used alone or in combination with alum to improve flocculation. The floe suspension is gently transferred from the coagulation/flocculation tanks to settling tanks, or directly to filters where the floes are removed.DisinfectionTo ensure that water is free of harmful bacteria it is necessary to disinfect it. Chlorination® is the most common method of disinfecting public water supplies. Sufficient quantities of chlorine from chlorine gas or hypochlorites are added to treated water to kill pathogenic bacteria. Chlorination is a reliable, relatively inexpensive, and easy disinfection method to use. Other disinfectants include chloramines, chlorine dioxide, other halogens, ozone, ultraviolet light, and high temperature. Ozonation, which has been used extensively in France, is now gaining acceptance in North America, especially as an alternative to prechlorination where natural organics are present. Although effective, ozone does not leave a lasting residual for long-term disinfection.Ozoanation is the disinfection of water by adding ozone, which is a powerful oxidant of inorganic and organic impurities. Its advantages over chlorine are that it leaves no tastes or odors, and unlike chlorine, it apparently does not react with natural organics to form compounds hazardous to humans.Removal of Dissolved SubstancesAeration is used to remove excessive amounts of iron and manganese from groundwater. These substances cause taste and color problems, interfere with laundering, stain plumbing fixtures, and promote the growth of iron bacteria in water mains. By bubbling air through water, or by creating contact between air and water by spraying, dissolved iron or manganese (Fe2+ , Mn2+) is oxidized to a less soluble form (Fe3+ , Mn4+), which precipitates out and can be removed in s settling tank or filter. Aeration also removes odors caused by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas.Softening of water is a process that removes hardness, caused by the presence of divalent metallic ions, principally Ca2+ and Mg2+. Hardness in water is the result of contact with soil and rock, particularly limestone, in the presence of CO2.Activated Carbon is an extremely adsorbent material used in water treatment to remove organic contaminants. Activated carbon is produced in a two-stage process. First, a suitable base material such as wood, pest, vegetable matter, or bone is carbonized by heating the material in the absence of air. Then the carbonized material is activated by heating it in the presence of air, CO2 , or steam to burn off any tars it has and to increase its pore size. Adsorption of gases, liquids, and solids by activated carbon is influenced by the temperature and pH of the water as well the complexity of the organics being removed.In reverse osmosis (RO), fresh water is forced through a semipermeable membrane in the direction opposite to that occurring in natural osmosis. Because the membrane removes dissolved salts, the main application for RO has been in desalination. However, the process also removes organic materials, bacteria, and viruses, and its application in water treatment is growing.。
环境工程 专业英语
环境工程专业英语Environmental engineering is such a fascinating field. It combines science, engineering, and the protection of our natural environment. It's about finding innovative ways to tackle issues like water pollution, waste management, and air quality.You know, one of the coolest things about environmental engineering is that it's always evolving. With new technologies and discoveries, we're constantly improving our methods to safeguard the environment. Like, there are these new wastewater treatment techniques that use microbes to clean up water efficiently.But it's not just about the technology. It's also about people. Environmental engineers work closely with communities to understand their needs and find solutions that work for them. It's a really rewarding feeling when you see the impact your work has on people's lives and the environment.And speaking of impact, environmental engineering is crucial for sustainable development. It helps us find waysto balance the needs of today without compromising theneeds of future generations. That means thinking long-term, about things like resource management and energy efficiency.Plus, it's a pretty hands-on field. Environmental engineers get to work on real-world projects, fromdesigning wastewater treatment plants to developing new recycling methods. It's exciting to see your ideas and designs come to life and make a difference.So in a nutshell, environmental engineering is about innovation, people, sustainability, and making a difference. It's a field that's constantly evolving and full of opportunities to tackle some of the most pressing environmental issues of our time.。
环境工程专业英语
o Acid-base reactions
HA + BOH --> H2O + BA
o Complexation reactions
Transition metal, such as Fe3+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Pt2+ etc. + ligands, such as NH3、H2O, CN-, SCN-, F-, Cl-
Environmental systems
• Ecosystem
A freshwater ecosystem in Gran Canaria, an island of the Canary Islands
• Water resources management system
o
Water supply subsystem
• Environmental Engineering
Using
the principles of biology and chemistry, environmental engineers develop solutions to environmental problems
• Environmental Engineers
Environmental problems
• Overpopulation: the presence in a given area of more people than can be supported adequately by the resources available in that area • Pollution: a reduction in the quality of the environment by the introduction of impurities
环境工程专业英语unite-1
✓Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems, justifying the breakdown (细目分类) into these categories. ✓Two major environmental disturbances
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Analytical Chemistry 分析化学
Text：Environmental Engineering ❖What Is This Book About? ❖Some important definitions ❖Interaction of systems ❖Environmental disturbances
smelter [ smeltə] n. 熔炉，冶金厂，冶炼者 aqueduct [ kwi ′d kt] n. 渠，水管， dysentery [ disəntri] n. 痢疾 cholera [ k lərə] n. 霍乱 typhoid [ taif id] n./adj. 伤寒，似班伤疹伤寒 sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫 nitrogen oxide 氮氧化物 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
Analytical Chemistry 分析化学
PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEETING
环境工程系：谢文玉
Tel：2923433 (H) 13828683450 (短号683450) E-mail：gdmmxwy@
1
Analytical Chemistry 分析化学
2
Analytical Chemistry 分析化学
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译第三版钟理
第二单元环境工程这本书主要关于什么？这本书的目标是使工程和科学的学生了解学科间的研究环境问题：它们的起因，为什么它们被关注，我们怎么控制它们。
这本书包括：●描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●关于环境破坏基础原因的信息●理解环境问题本质和能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●目前运用在水,空气,污染问题的环境控制技术的状况●我们目前在很多关于理解和控制人类活动、自然之间复杂相互作用的科学知识上存在着相当大的空白●很多环境问题能运用目前的技术消除或减少，但因为社会缺少意愿这么做或在很多例子中因为缺乏资源去这样做，这些环境问题没有被处理一些重要的定义：在这本书中，它们第一次被使用，定义被以大写或印刷成黑体字的形式展示环境是围绕在我们周围的物质生命的栖息地，在这儿我们能看到,听到,触摸,闻到,和品尝到系统依据韦氏字典,被定义为“一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物”，例如，太阳系统，灌溉系统，供应系统，世界和宇宙。
污染被定义为“在大气，水或土地中的物质的，化学的或生物的特性的不合意的改变，这一改变有害地影响人类或其它生物的健康，生存，或活动”。
当改进环境质量的目标被用来改进人类福利，“环境”一词扩展成包括所有的社会，经济和文化方面的内容。
这一扩展在许多真实情况下是不可行的以及在一本被设计为一学期课程的教科书中也是不实际的。
我们对环境问题的考察因此限于我们对“环境”的定义。
系统的相互作用许多不同的环境问题都与水，空气或土地系统有关联。
许多这些问题都只适用于这些系统中的一个，这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。
这样的分类也更有用于及易于理解一个系统内的相关问题。
而且，这样做是明智的，这是因为由于管理上的和行政上的原因，这些有关空气污染，水供应，废水处理和固体废物处理的子域通常由政府机构分别处理。
很遗憾的是，很多重要的环境问题不仅仅限制于空气，水或土地系统，还包括系统间的相互作用。
现在举个例子，酸雨问题起源于从发电站烟囱，冶炼厂和汽车尾气中向大气排放的含硫二氧化物和氮氧化物。
环境工程专业英语翻译(1)[1]
![环境工程专业英语翻译(1)[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/345b79355727a5e9856a6124.png)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境工程专业英语 第二版 钟理 课后答案
Exercises 0Write an article about yourself, including personal background, family, education, interests, ambitions and others. Write as much as you would like to.About MyselfMy name is Qin Zheng. I am from Xiangshan, which is a small town in Ningbo District. It is very beautiful and nowadays a lot of films and TV programmes are shot there. More and more people went there for a holiday. The people there are laborious, virtuous and warm hearted. I’m much felicitated that I was born and raised up there. It is my hometown and I will love it forever.My family has been engaged in farming for generations. My relatives are all farmers. My ancestors and my parents have plotted all their life on thin ground. In my family, my father, my mother and I, that’s all.Now I’m in grade three, a third year student in Jiaxing University. Since I have made a lot of friends, I find life in this university both happy and rewarding. I live happily here. I like climbing mountains. I like singing, listening classical music. I like essay, also novel, but my favorite is essay. Unfortunately, although I have read so much, my writing is still not very good.I hope that I can be an useful person for our society. But at the moment, my knowledge is still not rich enough. In order to realize my objectives in life, I will study hard and gain more and more skills and knowledge, such as speaking English and using computer. If I have enough money after graduation from school, I will study driving. It is good to have a good job when someone can drive a car or a bus.Unit 1 (P.4)1 Based on Reading Material, put the following into Chinese.life expectancy ：耐用期限，平均寿命poverty-stricken ：贫穷的，贫困的，贫乏的smog-laden air ：烟雾弥漫的天空，烟雾缭绕的空气，阴霾天气global conditions ：全球状况haves and have-nots ：富人和穷人underprivileged ：社会地位低下的，相对贫困的，生活水平低下的，弱势的savanna ：热带大草原，稀树草原predator ：食肉动物，捕食者environmental disruptions ：环境破坏，环境失调2 Put the following into English.农药—pesticide / agricultural chemicals (including: pesticide, germicide, herbicide) 化肥—chemical fertilizer有机废物—organic wastes微生物—microorganism / microbe衰减—attenuation阻滞的—retardant / blocking稀释—dilution添加剂—additive合成塑料—synthetic plastic再生--regenerationUnit 3 (P.19)1 Put the following into Chinese.(1) Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on the shelf too long become waste. 原材料放置过久会失去它们本身性能而变成废弃物。
环境工程专业英语1
环境工程专业英语Unit 1Caused by 由于stem from 产生stack of 一系列的a series of 一系列的generating station 炼油厂automobile exhausts 汽车尾气confine 限定environmental disturbance 环境破坏impact on；effect on；influence on 影响、mineral dressing 矿物加工hydrometallurgy 湿法冶金isolate 使隔离；使孤立separate 分开aggravate 加剧be of concern since 我们所关心的regeneration 再生dilute 稀释filtrate 过滤filter 滤纸filtration 滤液centrifugation 离心supernatant 上清液degrade降解retardant 阻滞的inhibit 阻滞的inhibitory adj. life expectancy 预期寿命poverty-stricken 极端贫困smog-laden air 充满烟雾的global conditions 全球境况haves and have-nots 穷人和富人underprivileged 被剥夺基本权利的savanna 天然热带草原predator 食肉动物environment disruption 环境破坏pesticide 农药fertilizer 化肥organic wastes 有机废物micro-organisms 微生物reduction decay 衰减block 阻滞的additive 添加剂synthetic plastic 合成塑料recycle 再生organic manure farmyard manure 农家肥swage 城市生活污水sewer 下水道sewage sludge 城市生活污泥junk 垃圾interaction 相互作用be related to be associated with 与……相关microbe 微生物bacterium 细菌Unit 2Result in 导致result from 由……引起incentive-encourage/motivation 激励Hazardous risky dangerous toxic 危险的in vicinity of 在……附近overview 总的看法，概要Occasionally=haphazardly 偶尔的lack of order 缺乏秩序的facility 设备runoff 地表径流Reference manuscript 草稿thesis 论文remediation 土壤修复leaching 速度较快Malnutrition 营养不良的soil erosion 土壤侵蚀photochemical smog 光化学烟雾Thermal inversion 逆温层exacerbate the pollution 污染加重household 家用品Pulp and paper 纸制品tanned products 皮革制品deforestation 森林退化Disablement 残疾heavy metal 重金属organic solvent 有机溶剂international business 国际贸易growth rate 增长率carbon monoxide 一氧化碳oxide of nitrogen 氮氧化物asbestos 石棉mercury 水银calcium 钙suspended particulates悬浮颗粒Unit 3Onshore 陆地offshore 海上blowout 井喷mortality 致命的pretreatment 预处理Hydrogen 氢sulfide 硫化物respiratory 呼吸作用acidification 酸化odorous substances 有气味的物质liquid effluents 液体排出物hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物evacuation 转移撤退excavation 挖掘drilling chemicals 钻井化学物质liquefaction 液化strip mining 露天采矿substantial 巨大的sulfur 硫metal solution 金属溶液phenols 酚slag 渣in the form of 以……形式aquatic 水生的radioactive 放射性强度hydroelectric 水电disruptive 引起混乱的hydrology 水文地理siltation 沉积作用supreme 首先得radionuclide 放射性核素mine tailing 尾矿mineral processing 矿物加工residual residue remaining 残余的radioactivity 放射性crude 原油toxic matter 有毒物质hydroelectric power 水力发电breakdown 有毒物质oxidize 氧化solute 溶解oxides of sulfur 硫氧化物cornerstone 基石subsidy 补助federal legal action 联邦法律行为publicly owned treatment works 公开处理工作espouse 支持aesthetic 美学massive concrete 混凝土zero discharge 零排放oxidation 氧化reduction 还原potential 电位precipitation 沉淀dissolution 解散终止Unit 4Environment analysis 环境分析environment monitory 环境监测Performance 运行结果quantitative analysis 定性分析speciation 形态manifest 显而易见Potential 潜在的statue 塑像deface 损毁……外貌sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫esthetic美学的depreciation 下降sophisticated 复杂的，精密的methodology方法论current status 现状capability 能力spot check 抽样调查authenticity 真实性discernible 可识别的homogeneity 同种heterogeneity 不均匀性concentration 浓度precision and accuracy 精密度和准确性designate 指派availability 可用性element 元素compound化合物distinction区别trace levels 痕量bulk collection 容积采样sampling 采样material 基质材料analytical sequence 分析顺序multivariate statistics 多元统计interactive effect 交互作用insofar 在……范围overall analytical scheme 综合分析框架sensitivity 灵敏度sample collection 采样real time 真实时间sample pretreatment 样品预处理adsorb 吸附stability 稳定性curve fitting 曲线拟合accumulation 累积analytical evaluation 分析评价physical separation 物理分离graphics of dimensional 因次图standard deviation 标准方差assessment 评价Unit 5Stagnation/motionless 停滞threshold level 临界水平synergy 协同作用Primary air pollutant 一次空气污染物secondary air pollutant 二次空气污染物Component 组成部分susceptible 易于biological magnification 生物放大作用Photochemical oxidants 光化学氧化物asbestos 石棉metallic particles 金属颗粒Inorganic compounds 无机化合物various alcohols 醇类radioactive substances 放射性物质tritium 氚radon 氡aerobic 需氧的wind erosion 风蚀particulates 颗粒物petroleum refining 石油精炼anaerobic 无氧的solvent 溶剂solution 溶液etching 蚀刻fireproof 防火primary pollutant 初级污染物secondary pollutant 二次污染物air stagnation 空气滞留nitrous oxide 二氧化氮nitric oxide 一氧化氮nitrous dioxide 二氧化氮soot 煤烟；煤灰dust 灰尘smog 烟雾ozone 臭氧herbicide 除草剂pesticide 杀虫剂normal concentration 正常浓度heavily polluted 严重污染的determining factors 决定因素liquid droplet 液体微滴incomplete combustion 不完全氧化sulfur-containing 含硫的wind erosion 风化soil erosion 土壤侵蚀chlorinated biphenyls 多氯联苯dichloro 二氯Unit 6Emissivity 发射率radiate long-wave 红外长波transparency 透明度characterize 表征Average annual 平均每年anthropogenically 人类活动的deleterious 有害的Council 领事会associated with 相关zone 领域expansion 扩展arid 干旱semiarid 半干旱latitude 纬度soybean 大豆pattern 模式northern hemisphere 北半球subsequent 后来的elevated 凸出的atmospheric 大气的predicted 预言empirically 经验的observe 评论观察fossil fuel 化石燃料expand 扩张confound 混合amplitude 幅度budget 平衡The most severe sequence of CO2 induced global warming would be melting of the最严重的二氧化碳引起的全球变暖的现象是两极冰冠的融化，随后引起的海平面的上升polareice caps and the subsequent rise of ocean and inundation of coastal plains.以及近海平原的洪水。
环境工程专业英语钟理_翻译
第一单元环境工程这本书主要关于什么？这本书的目标是使工程和科学的学生了解学科间的研究环境问题：它们的起因，为什么它们被关注，我们怎么控制它们。
这本书包括：● 描述环境和环境系统意味着什么● 关于环境破坏基础原因的信息● 理解环境问题本质和能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识● 目前运用在水,空气,污染问题的环境控制技术的状况● 我们目前在很多关于理解和控制人类活动、自然之间复杂相互作用的科学知识上存在着相当大的空白●很多环境问题能运用目前的技术消除或减少，但因为社会缺少意愿这么做或在很多例子中因为缺乏资源去这样做，这些环境问题没有被处理一些重要的定义：在这本书中，它们第一次被使用，定义被以大写或印刷成黑体字的形式展示环境是围绕在我们周围的物质生命的栖息地，在这儿我们能看到,听到,触摸,闻到,和品尝到系统依据韦氏字典,被定义为“一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物”，例如，太阳系统，灌溉系统，供应系统，世界和宇宙。
污染被定义为“在大气，水或土地中的物质的，化学的或生物的特性的不合意的改变，这一改变有害地影响人类或其它生物的健康，生存，或活动”。
当改进环境质量的目标被用来改进人类福利，“环境”一词扩展成包括所有的社会，经济和文化方面的内容。
这一扩展在许多真实情况下是不可行的以及在一本被设计为一学期课程的教科书中也是不实际的。
我们对环境问题的考察因此限于我们对“环境”的定义。
系统的相互作用许多不同的环境问题都与水，空气或土地系统有关联。
许多这些问题都只适用于这些系统中的一个，这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。
这样的分类也更有用于及易于理解一个系统内的相关问题。
而且，这样做是明智的，这是因为由于管理上的和行政上的原因，这些有关空气污染，水供应，废水处理和固体废物处理的子域通常由政府机构分别处理。
很遗憾的是，很多重要的环境问题不仅仅限制于空气，水或土地系统，还包括系统间的相互作用。
环境工程专业英语 第二版 华南理工大学 钟理 主编
环境工程专业英语第二版华南理工大学钟理主编纯手打，自己检查哈！Unit 33Reading Material:Pollution Control Strategies[Ⅱ]Legal Aspects and the Role of GovernmentLegislation to control the quality of water and air and the disposal of solid and hazardous wastes was introduced,with particular emphasis on the United States and Canada. It is the responsibility of government,at the national,state,provincial,or local level,to enact and update environmental control legislation. This legislation is generally written to provide the broad goals and objectives for environmental quality. It does not provide the means and methods by which these goals are to be achieved. Nor need it provide the details which are necessary to monitor and control the performance of pollution control facilities. It is,therefore,necessary for governments at all levels to establish regulatory strategies,in order to implement the broadly stated objectives of general legislation.The goal of environmental management strategies is to maintain or improve the quality of the ambient or surrounding environment. Ambient standards art determined for a number of different characteristics or pollutants within a medium suchas air or water. These standards are designed tominimize risks to the health of humans,animals,or theenvironment in general. The components for which these ambient standards are set must be quantifiable and scientifically measurable. In water and air,criteria are set for allowable concentrations of a variety of pollutants. Furthermore,the pollutants for which ambient standards are must be related to their sources. A regulatory agency can set ambient standards and monitor ambient conditions,but it cannot control or manage conditions except by controlling the sources of the pollutants which affect the ambient conditions. For example,in the air,it is desirable to maintain the concentration of particulates below a certain level. To do this,we must determine the possible sources of the particulates. Some of these sources may be identifiable,such as a smokestack or a burning garbage dump. But much of the particulate matte may come from unidentifiable or nonpoint sources,such as open fields, highways,or a forest fire many miles away. After the sources have been identified,it is necessary to relate the rate at which the pollutants are being released from the sources to the ambient concentrations. when this is done,it is possible to set allowable limits on the discharge of pollutants at the sources. This forms the basis for effluent standards.Effluent standards are ambient standards because they can be monitored and controlled in many cases. Even though the ambient quality is what we are interested in preserving,we normally try to achieve this by controlling effluent quality and quantity.Three main instruments are available to government for environmental control:direct regulation ,polluter subsidies,and they all work to internalize pollution costs to the polluter. They can be applied independently,but are usally applied in combination,Each of these instruments appears in a variety of forms,We shall consider some of the more common forms in which they are applied,as well as other interesting possibilities for controlling pollution,Direct regulation. The government can use its legislative powers to regulate the actions of individuals,corporations,and lower levels of government,Therefore,through direct legislative action,thequantity,quality,and location of discharges of pollutants can be regulated. The main forms of direct regulation are zoning;prohibition,or zero discharge;and effluent standards.Zoning. Zoning regulations are one of the simplest and oldest forms of pollution control and are still a part of almost every pollution control strategy. The objective is to separate the polluter form the rest of society by either space or time. Aresult of the so-called sanitary awakening in mid-nineteenth century Britain was the realization that open garbage dumps had to be removed from areas of dense population and kept away from public water supplies. Local bylaws were enacted to ensure that this was done so that the benefits to public health were realized. The prohibition on the burning of coal in nineteenth-century London whileparliament was in session is another example of this type of zoning. More recent examples of zoning to separate pollutions from the public are the location of airports, the use of curfews on airport operations,and the construction of tall chimneys or long marine sewage outfalls.Prohibition or Zero Discharge. Another form of direct regulation of pollution is prohibition,also known as zero discharge. The advantages of such a concept are obvious. First and foremost there would be no change in environmental quality. Moreover,all resources would have to be completely converted into useful products or stored indefiniteky. And the legislation would appear to be equitable,since the same regulation would apply to everyone. Such a concept,however,is normally impossible to realize,A simple materials balance shows that any resource taken from the environment,including energy,must be returned in some form. Even if it were conceivable to recycle all wastes into new products,there would still be a large energy requirement to achieve this. For most activities,zero discharge would be expensive if not impossible to achieve,At present,producers of extremely hazardous wastes,for which no treatment is available,are the only ones subjected to zero discharge requirements. They must store their wastes until a means of safe disposal is found.Effluent Standards. Effluent discharge standards are the most common and the most useful form of direct regulation. They can be in the form of across-the-board standards which require that effluents of allpolluters meet the same criteria,or thay may be individually developed for each polluter. The advantages of an across-the-board type of approach are that it is easy to administer,it appears fair to all polluters,and it provides the most rigid control over environmental quality. The disadvantages are that it may be uneconomical,and therefore impractical,to insist that all polluters meet the same effluent standards. Some polluters may easily meet standards that others will be unable to meet at all,or only at a very high cost. The different assimilative capacities of the environment in different locations can be taken into account only on a case-by-case basis. For example,a large,fast-moving river can accept a much larger amount of organic pollution than a small creek,and therefore pollutant concentrations from point-source discharges coule be much higher before river quality is seriously affected. Nevertheless,most jurisdictions prefer to set common effluent discharge guidelines,which must be met unless the contributor is specifically exempted.Subsidies. One method of encouraging polluters to comply with regulations is to provide money to help cover their costs. These subsidies may be in the form of direct payments or grants based on a percentage of the cost of pollution abatement or on a percentage reduction in effluent quantity or strength. They may also take the form of low-interest loans for the capital costs of improved treatment facilities.Alternatively,governments can reduce or defer taxes or relax other government requirements to encourage spending on pollution control.The main advantage of subsidies is that they reduce the costs of pollution abatement to the polluter and limit the associated increase in production costs. Governments grants can be used to cover capital costs,and tax incentives can be used to relieve operation and maintenance costs. Subsidies (the carrot) combined with regulations (the stick ) can be used by government to reduce stress on the environment and at the same time encourage research and development by industry in pollution abatement technology . The main disadvantage of polluter subsidies is that the government will have to increase taxes or direct money form other programs in order to pay the subsidies. This is partially offset by decreased expenditures needed to correct the effects of damage due to pollution(i.e. , expenditures on water treatment plants or public health care). However,these returns may be small compared to the costs involved. A general tax increase may seem fair when everyone benefits from an increase in environmental quality. In fact,however,people benefit to varying degrees,and some may balk at paying money for what appears to be someone else’s problem.Another serious drawback to the subsidy system is that it can be easily abused. The idea of paying someone to stop damaging the environment sounds suspiciously like a criminal protection racket . Allpotential polluters will want to be paid for not polluting. Companies may find that the subsidy available for waster reduction exceeds their actual costs of making the change. They may then increase their production above normal simply to receive a subsidy and go on to dump the extra goods at a lower price. In this situation,a polluting industry has been rewarded while its competitors who already treat their wastes adequately get no benefit.Service charges. Service or user charges are similar to subsidies in that monetary means are used to encourage a polluter to comply with effluent requirements. Charges are the most direct may of internalizing the costs of pollution to polluter. There are numerous types of service charges,but in general,money is paid to the local government or agency in proportion to the amount of pollution. The government or agency may then use the money to pay for and operate central pollution control facilities.The obvious advantage of a service charge is that it is the polluter who pays for the costs of polluting. The system rewards those industries that are clean and efficiently run and penalizes those that are dirty and wasteful. Also,it does not encourage increases in polluting activity ,as a subsidy system might. Finally,the administration of such a system is relatively easy ,requiring only the monitoring of discharges.The disadvantages are that production and operating costs for the industries connected may rise. If the service charges arenominal,industries may find it less expensive to simply continue polluting,If the charges are high enough force an industry to stop or severely restrict its effluent discharges,the industry may close down. In any event,the charges will be passed on in the form of increased prices for the industry’s products. Since each industry has different capabilities and costs related to controlling its wastes,a uniform service charge could upset the economic balance between competing industries. However,to customize effluent charges for each polluter would be an administrative burden and appear to be unfair.We are all familiar with charges for municipal services. In urban areas,we pay through property taxes or special levies to have refuse and sewage removed from our homes. In the same way ,industries may find it more convenient to pay to have their untreated wastes removed and disposed of at a central treatment facility. In some of the heavily industrialized areas of Europe, this has been found to be an attractive and efficient way to dispose of industrial wastes. In many cases,the extra cost of waste collection is offset by the economy of scale of large ,specialized treatment plants.In general,all wastes which do not harm the system or affect the operation of the treatment plant shoule be accepted without pretreatment.If the wastes are stronger than “normal” sewage,then a charge,or more correctly,a surcharge,should be assessed against the industry for the extra cost of sewage treatment . For this approach,a surcharge formula setting out the charges for accepting wastes stronger than normal would have to be included in the industrial waste bylaw. Ideally,charges for sewage treatment should be related to the cost of providing the facilities and the benefits received. The practical application of this method isdifficult,however,and various methods of charging for industrial wastes have evolved.。
环境工程专业英语unit1 ,华南理工大学,钟理资料PPT文档20页
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30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
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27、只有把抱怨环境的心情，化为上进的力量，才是成功的保证ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ——罗曼·罗兰
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28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
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29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
环境工程专业英语unit1 ,华南理工大 学,钟理资料
51、没有哪个社会可以制订一部永远 适用的 宪法， 甚至一 条永远 适用的 法律。 ——杰 斐逊 52、法律源于人的自卫本能。——英 格索尔
53、人们通常会发现，法律就是这样 一种的 网，触 犯法律 的人， 小的可 以穿网 而过， 大的可 以破网 而出， 只有中 等的才 会坠入 网中。 ——申 斯通 54、法律就是法律它是一座雄伟的大 夏，庇 护着我 们大家 ；它的 每一块 砖石都 垒在另 一块砖 石上。 ——高 尔斯华 绥 55、今天的法律未必明天仍是法律。 ——罗·伯顿
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Thus, the accumulation of data becomes less of a magpie collection of facts and more of a systematized hunt for needed information.
因此,数据的积累少于事实的胡乱收集，更多的是系统化地寻找需要的信息。 It is the existence of classification and generalization （ [ˌdʒenrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn]归纳 ）, and above all theory that makes science an organized body of knowledge. 正是这些分类和归纳的存在,最重要的还是理论,使科学成为的一个组织知识 体系。 Logic is a part of all theories. The two types of logic are qualitative and quantitative logic
Quantitative Environmental Science Science or, perhaps more correctly, the scientific method, deals with data, that is, with recorded observations. 定量环境科学 科学,或者更准确的说,科学的方法, 数据处理,也就是,观察记录。 The data is, of course, a sample of the universe（经验领域）of possibilities. They may be representative or they may be skewed. 当然，数据是经验领域中样品的可能性。它们可有代表性的，也可能使被曲 解的。 Even if they are representative，they will contain some random random [ˈrændəm] variation that cannot be explained with current knowledge.
即使他们是具有代表性的，它们也含有不能用现有的知识来解释某些随机变 化。
Care and impartiality in gathering and recording data, as well as independent verification（ [ˌverɪfɪ„keɪʃn] ，核实）, are the cornerstones of science
环境工程专业英语
Professional English for environmental engineering Foshan University Yongli ZHANG 2016.09
PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
Unit 1 Text: What are Environmental Science and Engineering?
一些例子如运动定律,是用来描述移动物体行为的；气体定律是用来描述描述 气体行为的。 The development of a theory is an important accomplishment （ [əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt] 成就） because it yields a tremendous consolidation （[kənˌsɒlɪ„deɪʃən]，合并 ）of knowledge.
If we can use certain assumptions or tie together a set of generalizations, we formulate a theory.
如果我们可以使用某些假设或配合一组概括,我们就建立了一个理论。
For example, theories that have gained acceptance over a long time are known as laws.
Natural science includes such diverse disciplines as biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and environmental science. 自然科学包括生物学、化学、地质学、物理学和环境科学等不同的学科。 Environmental Science Whereas the disciplines of biology, chemistry, and physics (and their subdisciplines of microbiology, organic chemistry, nuclear physics, etc.) are focused on a particular aspect of natural science, environmental science in its broadest sense encompasses all the fields of natural science. 环境科学 而生物学、化学和物理的学科 (及其分支学科的微生物学,有机化学,核物理, 等等)的重点是自然科学的一个特定方面,环境科学在其广义上包括所有的自 然科学领域。
Many generalizations are statistical in that they apply accurately to large assemblages （[əˈsemblɪdʒz]聚集 ）but are no more than probabilities when applied to smaller sets or individuals. 许多概况的结论是准确适用于大的集合体，但是当应用在小集合或者个体中， 概率就没那么大了 In a scientific approach, the hypothesis （[haɪˈpɒθəsɪs]假说 ）is tested, revised, and tested again until it is proven acceptable. 在科学方法中,假说被测试,修改,并再次测试,直到它被证明是可以接受的。
The historical focus of study for environmental scientists has been, of course, the natural environment. 历来环境科学家研究的焦点，理所应当是自然环境。 By this, we mean the atmosphere, the land, the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.
环境科学与工程是什么？
Natural Science In the broadest sense, science is systematized knowledge derived from and tested by recognition and formulation of a problem, collection of data through observation, and experimentation. 自然科学 在最广泛的意义上,科学是系统化的知识，来源于并且实践于对问题的认识和 构想, 以及通过观察和实验的数据的收集。
Unit 1 Text: What are Environmental Science and Engineering?
环境科学与工程是什么？
We differentiate between social science and natural science in that the former deals with the study of people and how they live together as families, tribes, communities, races, and nations, and the latter deals with the study of nature and the physical world. 我们用来区分社会科学和自然科学的是，前者从事研究人作为家庭、部落、 社区,种族,和国家如何生活在一起的,后者从事自然和物理世无偏见和独立核实是科学的基石.
When the collection and organization of data reveal certain regularities, it may be possible to formulate a generalization（[ˌdʒenrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn]概论 ） or hypothesis 当对数据收集和整理披露了某些规律时，可能归纳出概论或假设。 This is merely a statement that under certain circumstances（[„sɜ:kəmstənsɪz]境况 ） certain phenomena（[fə‟nɒmɪnə] 现象 ） can generally be observed. 这只是一份声明,在某些情况下,某些现象通常可以观察到。
With qualitative logic we cannot identify what “too high” means—we need quantitative logic to do that.
逻辑是理论的一部分。这两类逻辑学分为定性和定量逻辑学
Qualitative logic is descriptive. For example we can qualitatively state that when the amount of wastewater entering a certain river is too high, the fish die. 定性逻辑是描述性的。例如，我们可以定性陈述,当大量的废水进入某河流， 量太大了,鱼死了。