跨文化交际与翻译-
翻译与跨文化交际的关系研究
翻译与跨文化交际的关系研究翻译是传递信息和交流的桥梁，而跨文化交际则是不同文化之间的相互理解和沟通。
翻译与跨文化交际之间的关系密切，它们相互依存，在日常生活、商务往来和国际政治交流等各个领域发挥着重要作用。
本文将讨论翻译与跨文化交际的关系，并探究它们对于促进文化交流和推动世界发展的作用。
首先，翻译在跨文化交际中起到了桥梁的作用。
不同文化之间存在语言和习俗的差异，而翻译可以帮助缩小这些差异，促进双方的相互理解。
例如，在国际商务谈判中，双方的代表可能使用不同的语言进行交流。
通过翻译的工作，他们可以准确地传达各自的意见和诉求，从而达成共识。
翻译还可以将某个国家或地区的文化习俗转化为另一个国家或地区可以接受的形式，使得跨文化交流更加顺畅。
其次，跨文化交际对翻译提出了更高的要求。
在跨文化交际中，翻译不仅需要掌握多种语言的表达方式，还需要了解不同文化的背景和价值观。
这是因为不同文化之间存在着语言的隐喻和文化上的差异，如果翻译不能准确地理解原文的含义和文化内涵，就无法准确地传递信息。
例如，英语中的“time is money”在西方文化中有一定的意义，但在东方文化中可能并不适用。
因此，翻译需要根据不同文化的特点进行调整，以确保传递的信息符合目标文化的理解和接受。
此外，翻译也在一定程度上影响了跨文化交际的结果。
翻译的质量和准确度直接影响着信息传达的效果。
一个优秀的翻译工作者可以将译文与原文的风格和语气保持一致，使得目标读者能够更好地理解和接受信息。
然而，一个翻译错误或不当的翻译可能导致误会和误解，潜在地破坏了跨文化交际的效果。
因此，在跨文化交际中，翻译的质量至关重要，翻译工作者需要具备良好的语言和文化素养，以确保信息的准确性和可靠性。
最后，翻译与跨文化交际的关系也受到现代科技的影响。
随着全球化的加深和互联网的普及，翻译工作不再局限于书面文字的互译，口译和实时翻译也变得越来越重要。
例如，语音翻译设备和在线翻译软件可以实时将不同语言的口头表达转化为文字，从而实现不同语言之间的实时交流。
跨文化交际李成明unit2-A原文+翻译DOCX
Unit 2With the amazingly rapid development in transportation and information communication, people from different cultures interact more often than ever before, but misunderstandings even conflicts caused in the process of this interaction also grow increasingly. Just for this reason, much concern is focused upon the problem of how to help people interact and communicate successfully in a transcultural way. As a matter of fact, culture is not strange to us all. We hear, read and talk of it, such as Chinese culture, English culture, tea culture, campus culture and so on. But when it comes to the meaning of culture, it is notoriously difficult to define what culture really is or should be.随着交通运输和信息交流的飞速发展，不同文化背景下的人们交往越来越频繁，但在交往过程中产生的误会甚至冲突也日益增多。
正因为如此，人们关注的焦点是如何帮助人们以跨文化的方式成功地进行互动和交流。
事实上，文化对我们大家来说并不陌生。
我们听、读、谈它，如中国文化、英国文化、茶文化、校园文化等。
跨文化交际之文化与翻译--魏华
Culture and Translation
1. Brief Introduction
How do you translate this sentence into English? 您辛苦了！ You must be very tired. ???
As 虎 is thought to be the king of animals in traditional Chinese culture, phrases and idioms with虎 abound and it is often changed into “lion” when translated into English:
We Chinese think of pig as a lazy and stupid animal and often say 蠢猪， but English speaking people contribute ugliness, greediness and dirtiness to the pig yet they don’t think the pig is stupid. 蠢得像猪 as stupid as a goose (silly ass) 亚洲四小龙 (referring to four developing regions in Asia ) the four tigers in Asia
3. Cultural Influence on Translation
Green” also means “ full of vigor or vitality” Her grandchildren wished her a green old age. 他的孙儿们祝福她健康长寿。 Though in the green, he may not be equal to the task. 尽管他年富力强，不见得能胜任这项任务。
《跨文化交际与翻译》non-verbal communication
Individual- Low Direct and ism Context Explicit
On the Speaker’s
Side
Words than Context
Collectivi- High Indirect sm Context and Subtle
3. Wink is a sign of flirtation or s_h_a_r_e_d_s_e_c_re_t__.
4. Putting a thumb up indicates __h_i_tc_h_hi_k_e_ in some western countries . 5. The O.K. sign means __m_o_n_e_y_ in Japan. 6. Touching Wood indicates _g_oo_d__lu_c_k in the west. 7. Cross fingers indicates __b_le_s_si_n_g_ in America.
• A: It looks like we will have to keep the production line running on Saturday.
• C: I see. • A: Can you come in on Saturday? • C: Yes, I think so. • A: That’ll be a great help. • C: Yes, Saturday is a special day, did you know? • A: What do you mean? • C: It’s my son’s birthday. • A: How nice. I wish him a happy birthday. • C: Thank you.
跨文化交际与翻译
跨文化交际与翻译【摘要】翻译意味着文化的比较，并且翻译活动旨在促进文化之间的交流。
文化是个很复杂的体系，它不可能简单地等同于一个语言范畴。
为了避免由于文化障碍造成失败的交际案例，我们应当研究这些不同语言反映出的不同文化。
本文作者即以汉语和英语的跨语言文化交际翻译为主要论据，阐述其翻译活动中涉及的中西文化比较与交流，并指明跨文化交际活动中翻译工作的重要性。
【关键词】跨文化交际翻译中文英文文化是人类在社会历史过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和，特指精神财富，如教育、科学、文艺等。
文艺批评家朱刚则认为：文化研究作为独立的一门学科是非常难下定义的；一般来说，人们认为“文化”一词首先于中世纪出现，后来的演变大大延展了文化在社会生活的各方面的用途（2010：340）。
德国翻译理论家弗米尔（hans j.vermeer）认为：文化是一个社会全部的准则和习俗惯例，是作为社会一员的个体所必须懂得的，这样才能与人相似或与人相异（2005：43）。
在各种文化定义中，英国人类学家泰勒（edward burnett tylor）给出的定义最具代表性：文化是一种复杂体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其余社会上习得的能力和习惯（2005：68）。
在此意义上，文化是个复杂的体系，它不可能简单地等同于一个语言范畴。
那么这个时候的翻译行为，就是在目标语文化中重现源语语言文化所提供的某些信息。
众所周知，语言总是折射着文化的底蕴；中英不同的语言也各自反映着不同文化。
忽略文化差异容易造成使译作的读者群大惑不解的局面。
也就是说，源语的读者群所熟知的内容往往令目标语的读者群深感新奇陌生。
我们发现，人们的每一个行为往往都是置于某个具体文化背景之下进行的，本族语者与非本族语者之间的交际、具有不同语言和文化背景的人从事交际的过程被称之为“跨文化交际”（cross-cultural communication）。
在跨文化交际过程中，行为主体必须对对方的语言和文化背景有所了解甚至于熟悉，否则跨文化交际就会产生障碍。
跨文化交际-其他要点翻译
跨文化部分要点翻译注：不是所有划出部分都翻译了。
配套的有Chapter 2的翻译。
P28The Value of Cultural Stereotypes文化角色定型的价值Culture dictates how people generally think and interact with each other in society.文化造成人们的普遍怎么认为和在社会中的互动。
A stereotype is really a composite of the cultural mores of a society and in many cases can be narrowed to a specific region.角色定型实在是一个综合的社会文化习俗，而且，在许多情况下它可以被缩小到一特定区域。
To stereotype is to formulate a standardized image of a group that assigns that group a number of characteristics that helps to simplify what would otherwise be a very complex task of identification.角色定型，是制定一个组的标准化形象，分配给该组一些特点，有助于简化原本非常复杂的鉴定任务。
By looking at the cultural components and traits, an accurate model—a stereotype, if you will—of how an individual from a certain culture is likely to act can be constructed.通过观察文化内容和特点，一个准确的模型——一个角色定型，如果你可以——可以从一个特定文化的个体可能如何行动这方面来构造。
跨文化交际-浅谈英汉文化差异与翻译
跨文化交际—浅谈英汉文化差异与翻译摘要：语言是文化的一部分，又是文化的映像。
语言和文化相互作用，相互影响，理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言。
只有对文化有了的充分了解之后，了解到它们之间的文化差异，才能实现对原文的原貌再现。
英汉文化差异主要在于受价值观念、文化心理与象征、审美取向、宗教意识等特征的影响，因此译者必须十分熟悉英汉语言文化的差异，提高双语的文化修养，才能更完整地传递文化信息。
关键词：文化差异语言翻译《圣经·旧约·创世纪》中有记：大洪水过后，诺亚的子孙在示拿地安下身在，其时人们言语相同，口音相通，然而安身并非意味着立命，为了给自己扬名，以免被驱散于地之四级，众人便决定建造一座城，城中竖起一座塔，塔顶高耸入云，名曰通天塔（the Babel,或译为“巴别塔”）；忤逆之举一出，耶和华大为震怒，于是上帝变乱了人类的语言，并将其遣散于地之四方，以示惩戒。
至此，上帝借以命名万物的纯语言（pure language）不复存在，人类再也无法以同样的言语相互交流，而要实现彼此间的沟通，就只有借助于翻译来重建那传说中的通天塔了。
然而又谈何容易，翻译从来就不是以举手之劳所能成就的事情或事业，谓翻译之难，难于上青天，此言并非空穴来风，亦无些微渲染之嫌，如其不然，英国学界之执牛耳者瑞查兹（I.A.Richards）当年概不至于作如下感发：在宇宙演化过程中，翻译堪称最为复杂之事件，亦未可知。
语言是意义的载体，因此要完整的把一国语言翻译为另一国语言，译者则必须了解这两国的双语文化知识。
不同的语言转换必须服从特定的文化要求，翻译不仅是语言的转换，更是文化信息的传递，语言的转换只是翻译的表层，而文化信息的传递才是翻译的实质。
因此，要更深刻，更贴切地传递原文的内在信息，译者必须探明英汉双语的文化特征及其差异，并将双语的文化内涵适当对接，真实地再现原文的面貌。
由此可见，译者的双语文化知识在其成功的翻译中起着决定性作用。
跨文化交际课文翻译
关于跨文化交流，跨文化市场才是第一的真正的首要的范本。
考虑到古罗马帝国的市民，他们是第一个诞生商店的地球文明。
商人们通过在商店的上面树立旗帜来展示他们商品货物的图片来解决跨文化市场的困扰。
这种做法不仅能为罗马帝国中未受过教育的市民服务还能帮助罗马商人们获得被他们用武力征服的殖民地的商业信息。
回顾过去，我们会发现两千多年前的亚里士多德曾明确说过：“有效劝服基本的信念仍可以把他应用到今天的买卖商品上然而在古代的雅典可能会引起一场大的争论”。
很明显的可以看出，交流是现代市场的根基。
毋庸置疑，全球化市场的时代已经到来。
每年超过4万件的商品货物进入国际市场，其中超过一半是来自美国。
这里面85%的商品都不合格。
通往国际化市场成功的道路是建立在失败的市场垃圾碎片和广泛的广告活动之上的。
他们中的大多数之所以会失败，是因为跨文化交流被曲解了。
在跨文化市场里，如果你想把低劣的语言举止降低到最小，那么就不假定任何事情。
几乎我们都听说过关于美国通用汽车公司，他们尽力想把他们的雪佛兰牌汽车销往拉美国家。
但是雪佛兰在说西班牙语的拉美国家按字面意思是不能行走。
当公司发现汽车买不出去的原因时，他们就把车重新命名，然后销往这些国家。
福特汽车公司，美国又一个汽车界的领头羊，也有类似的问题。
他们的pinto 牌汽车在当地也没有达到预期的销售，原因时他们的汽车其意思在当地为男性生殖器。
最终福特公司把所有的名牌汽车重新命名为corcel，其意思为骏马。
伊莱克斯，一个日用电器制造者，其在英国获得了很大的成功。
不幸的是，他们的广告招牌的意思在美国和英国大不相同。
在美国，suck的意思是多虱子的。
英国的牙膏生产商在法国制造出来了一种牙膏叫cue。
它被人们所耻笑。
因为它的名字使人想起了臭名昭著的色情杂志——Cue。
但是市场中的文化意识更多于细心的翻译。
每一文化都有其微妙之处，当然也有其鲜明的禁忌。
尽管大多数的人不能列出他们自己文化的规则，但是他们很明白什么时候这些禁忌被触碰了。
新编跨文化交际课后翻译中英对照
Translation1The growth of intercultural communication as a field of study is based on a view of history that clearly demonstrates people and cultures have been troubled by a persistent inability to understand and get along with groups and societies removed by space, ideology, appearance, and behavior from their own. What is intriguing about many of human civilization’s failure is that they appear to be personal as well as global. The story of humankind is punctuated with instances of face-to-face conflicts as well as international misunderstanding--major and minor quarrels that range from simple name-calling to isolationism tr even armed conflict.It is obvious that increases contact with other cultures and subcultures make it imperative for us to make a concerted effort to understand and get along with people whose beliefs and backgrounds may be vastly different from our own. The ability, through increased awareness and understanding, to peacefully coexist with people who do not necessarily share our lifestyles or values could benefit us not only in our own neighborhoods but could be the decisive factor in maintaining would peace.纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，各民族与文化由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解，无法和睦相处。
跨文化交际与翻译真题
、案例分析（答题说明：每题10 分，合计分。
） 1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking aboutTony's unhappy experience with his Chinese college.Bill: Hi, Tony. How 're you doingTony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of myChinese colleagues.Bill: Oh, have a good timeTony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treatedmypresent. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them backsome of the latest tapes from the UK.Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I gotinside the door and what do you think happenedBill: WhatTony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put themaway in a corner. Didn 't even bother to unwrapthem. I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I ' d taken.参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West三、跨文化单选（答题说明：每题1分，合计分。
新编跨文化交际【warm up】 原文及翻译
1、【communication across cultures】Chapter One Conceptual Foundation【跨文化沟通】第一章概念的基础Why study intercultural communication?为什么学习跨文化交际?There is a folk tale that comes to us from the foothills of the Himalayas. A man was trying to explain to a blind friend what colors are. He began with the color White.有一个民间的故事,来自于喜马拉雅山的山麓。
一名男子试图解释一个盲人朋友的颜色是什么。
他开始与雪白的颜色。
“Well,”he said, “it is like snow on the hills.”“嗯,”他说,“这就像雪在山上。
”“Oh,”the blind man said, “then it must be a wet and dampish sort of color, isn’t it? ”“No, no,”the man said, “it is also the same color as cotton or wool. ”“Oh yes, I understand. It must be fluffy color. ”“No, it is also like paper.”“哦,”盲人说,“那一定是湿,微湿的颜色,不是吗?”“不,不,”那人说,“这也是相同的颜色,棉或羊毛。
”“哦,是的,我明白了。
一定是毛茸茸的颜色。
”“不,它也像纸。
”“Then it must be a crackling or fragile color,”said the blind man. “No, not at all. It is also like china.”“那一定是脆皮或脆弱的颜色,”瞎子说。
跨文化交际_Unit_2_参考翻译
Unit Two Task 11)A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。
/花盆里生长不出参天大树。
/温室里长不出栋梁之才。
2)He who would search for pearls must dive below.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
/ 欲寻珍珠就要潜到水里。
/ 欲寻珍珠欲潜入水。
3)Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标如同航行没有罗盘。
/没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。
4)To have another fish to fry另有要事/ 另有事情得做5)The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
(The same knife cuts bread and fingers.)6)前人栽树，后人乘凉。
One sows and another reaps. / One man sows and another reaps. / One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests. / The precedence planted, the later generations enjoy its cool.7)斩草不除根，逢春又发青。
If the grass is only cut, then the next spring it will revive. / Cut weeds and dig up the roots.8)种田不用问，深耕多上粪。
Planting has no better measures but ploughing deeply and fertilizing much more.9)生米煮成熟饭。
跨文化交际翻译
landscape engineer园林工人tonsorial artist理发师sanitation engineer清洁工shoe rebuilder 补鞋匠soft in the head发疯的reckless disregard for truth说谎to take things without permission偷窃industrial climate劳资关系紧张nether garments下面穿的衣服trousers裤子plain(朴素的;简单的ugly丑陋的patient耐心的lunatic疯狂的call your carriage for you=ask you to go away请你离开a man of doubtful taste=a man of doubtful taste一个低级趣味的人a lady of the town=a prostitute妓女（镇上的女人）Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏Diamond cut diamond.棋逢对手golden saying金玉良言fat office肥缺You will cross the bridge when you get to it.船到桥头自然直Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡头，不为凤尾drink like a fish牛饮tread upon eggs如履薄冰Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕Haste makes waste.欲速则不达Beauty is only skin deep.美貌是肤浅的Spare the rod and spoil the child.玉不琢不成器Give a person a dose of his own medicine.以其人之道还治其人之身Frank’s advice is like good herbal medicine: hard to take, but ultimately beneficial.良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，医生远离我Let sleeping dogs lie.莫惹是非You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.年逾花甲不堪教You can’t have your cake and eat it too.鱼与熊掌不可兼得Gilding the lily.画蛇添足（此文档部分内容来源于网络，如有侵权请告知删除，文档可自行编辑修改内容，供参考，感谢您的配合和支持）。
《跨文化交际与翻译》language and communication
Case study: Use one of Hofstede's four dimension to explain the following case.
• When my boss came into my office for the first time, I stood up immediately to show my respect. The boss misunderstood my behavior, thought I was going out,and said he would talk with me in a while. I was accustomed to respecting all those in authority. On one occasion, I offered my seat to the Head of the Department of Internal Medicine. He said “Thanks” and sat down. During the conference,he kept turning around and looking at me, which made me feel ill at ease. When the conference was over, he came over and apologized to me,“I thought you were leaving the conference.You don't have to offer me.”
Language most shows a man. Speak, that I may see thee.
---- Ben Johnson
The limits of my language are the limits of my world.
跨文化交际与翻译
跨文化交际与翻译Intercultural communication and translation Intercultural communication mainly refers to the communication between the native speakers and non-native speakers, as well as the communication between people who differ in any aspect of language or culture background. Due to the differences in surroundings, societies and religions of different ethnic groups, each language community results in its own code of language, social culture, customs and practices and so on. Intercultural communication studies situations when people from different culture backgrounds interact. Aside from language, IC focuses on social attributes, thought patterns and the cultures of different groups of people. IC also involves understanding the different cultures, languages and customs of people from other countries. There are three formats of IC: interracial communication (when source and receiver are different races), interethnic communication (situation in which the parties are of the same race but of different ethnic origins) and intracultural communication (communication between members of the same culture including racial, ethnic and other co-cultures).The term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating). The process of translating between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text (the source text) in the original verbal language (the source language) into a written text (the target text) in a different verbal language (the target language). This type corresponds to “interlingual translation” and is oneof the three Roman Jakobson in his seminal paper. Jakobson’s categories are: 1. Intralingual translation, or “rewording”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; 2. Interlingual translation, or “translation proper”–an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; 3. Intersemiotic translation, or “transmutation”– an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. Intralingual translation would occur when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written. Intersemiotic translation would occur if a written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting. It is interlingual translation which is the traditional, although by no means exclusive, focus of translation studies.It is easily seen that the three forms of intercultural communication and the three types of translation are partly corresponding to each other, especially interracial communication and interlingual translation which both attach attention on the communication between native and non-native, and where different cultures of different countries play more important role. To conduct effective intercultural communication, one has to understand the differences between the different nations and then to look for them and pay attention to in every cross-cultural communication situation. By doing this, the high-context communicators can learn to use and respond words, emotions, postures differently, and low-context communicators can learn topay attention to context and learn to interpret meaning in terms of the context. It is evident that different countries or nations have quite different customs, cultures, ways to expressemotions and so on, to become successful communicator and avoid serious culture shock and failure, it’s essential to have intercultural knowledge about low context, high context, power distance and other information, to eradicate stereotypes, to hold placid attitude, to know that cultures are different.And there was no doubting translation is an intercultural activity. The culture of source text can only find echoes from source language readers, however, for target language readers, the lack of similar cultural background may lead to the loss of ingenuity of the originals. Translation as a tool of communication is thus a significant intercultural activity aiming at breaking the language and culture barriers and enriching communication. To become a successful translator or interpreter, learning culture difference is an inevitable aspect of training. Translation texts are the product of the mutual influence of source language culture and target language culture. The properties, extent and concrete level of the two languages and cultures are to some degree influencing the choice of translation strategies, syntactic structures and words of the translators. Thus culture as a dispensable capability of a translator, of conducting effective translation makes translation resemble to intercultural communication.Effective intercultural communication cannot be accomplished at one stroke, and it is impossible to do successful translation without knowledge of cultures. To stride across the cultural barriers of different nati ons, it’s necessary to adjust the attitude of intercultural communication, and recognize the discrepancy of translation strategies, so to reconstruct the artistic sense of originals, and appeal to more target readers with vigorous translation. Knowing better the relationship betweenintercultural communication and translation is of great importance to these two practices.。
《跨文化交际与翻译》power distance
rank difference in an organizations? 5. How does the US government minimize the
Outside of our conscious awareness
Review
• 1. Individualism scale? • 2. relative difference • 3. Which ranks higher on the individualism scale? United States
The four-dimension model
✓ individualism and collectivism ✓ power distance ✓ uncertainty avoidance ✓ masculinity
Power distance
• the extent to which the less powerful members of instituations and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.
or Netherlands? • 4. no value judgement • 5. Differences between an individualist culture and a
ndividual ➢ Individualist (adj.) culture ➢ Individualism n.
跨文化交际学与翻译学的关系
• 四、宗教文化的差异
• 宗教文化是人类文化的一个重要组成部分，是由各民族的 不同宗教信仰、仪式等所形成的文化，表现在不同民族在 崇尚、禁忌等的文化差异。关汉两民族的宗教信仰不同， 自然也会体现在语言方面。 • 比如，Hawke把《红楼梦》中的“阿弥陀佛”竟译成”God bless my soul“，把上帝拿来代替佛教的无量寿佛，这 很可能让西方人以为中国人也信奉上帝，大大削弱了中国 文化的内涵。而在西方，宗教在社会生活和思想又化中占 有极其重要的地位，形成西方社会的主要的又化特征之一。
跨文化交际的差异
一、东西方思维模式的差异
不同的思维方式是由于不同的地域、生理、心理 以及文化差异而形成的，尤其是不同的文化很大 程度上决定了不同的思维方式。从事英汉之间的 翻译时，需要越过东西方文化的差异，深入了解 两种思维模式的差异。
中国人擅长整合，多形象思维，把事物看成是一个 有机的整体，而西方人擅长分析，多逻辑思维， 这也就是表现在悟性与理性、整体思维与个体思 维上的差异。
翻译和跨文化交际的关系
• 翻译是跨文化交际的一个纽带，也是体现跨文化交际的一 个平台。研究文化与翻译的关系,首先是基于文化与语言 关系研究之上,文化差异的存在要求翻译不仅要采用多种 方法和根据多元标准来进行语言的自然转换；而也正是翻 译促进了不同文化之间的更好交流，使得我们了解到更多 的文化差异，从而反过来知道翻译的发展和提高。 • 所以，我们在翻译时不仅要传递文字本身的含义，还应将 附加在文字上的文化信息传递出去。语言和文化都处于不 断发展中，翻译也应该更上进程，在实践中不断提高对文 化差异的了解与掌握，才能在翻译时减少文化冲突，达到 更高层次的沟通与理解。 • 不少学者将翻译界定位“一项跨文化的交际活动”、“翻 译就是跨文化传播”。
外国语言文学专业赛课跨文化交际与翻译实践
外国语言文学专业赛课跨文化交际与翻译实践外国语言文学专业赛课：跨文化交际与翻译实践导言：外国语言文学专业是一门研究外国语言和文学的学科，它包含了对不同语言的深入学习和对文学作品的研究。
在当前全球化的时代，跨文化交际与翻译实践成为了外国语言文学专业非常重要的内容。
本文将探讨外国语言文学专业中的跨文化交际与翻译实践，并介绍其重要性和应用。
一、跨文化交际与外国语言文学专业跨文化交际是指在不同文化背景下进行有效沟通和交流的能力。
外国语言文学专业的学生需要具备较高的跨文化交际能力，这包括了语言表达、文化理解和背景知识的掌握等。
通过学习不同的外语和文化，学生可以更好地理解不同文化的差异，增进相互间的理解与尊重。
二、翻译实践在外国语言文学专业中的应用翻译实践是外国语言文学专业中非常重要的一环。
由于语言的差异以及文化的不同，翻译成为了不同语言和文化之间有效交流的桥梁。
翻译实践要求翻译者不仅能够准确表达原文的含义，还需要考虑到文化背景和语言风格等方面的因素。
外国语言文学专业的学生通过翻译实践，可以提高语言表达能力、文化理解能力和翻译技巧。
三、跨文化交际与翻译实践的重要性跨文化交际与翻译实践的重要性在于促进不同国家和文化之间的相互理解和合作。
全球化时代的到来，各国之间的交流和合作日益频繁，而有效的跨文化交际是这种合作的基础。
翻译实践则在不同语言和文化之间搭建了桥梁，使得信息能够准确地传达并被理解。
外国语言文学专业的学生通过跨文化交际与翻译实践的学习，能够为各个领域的跨国交流与合作做出贡献。
结语：外国语言文学专业中的跨文化交际与翻译实践是一门重要的课程，对学生的语言能力和文化素养提出了较高的要求。
通过学习跨文化交际与翻译实践，学生可以增长见识、提高自身的学习兴趣和掌握专业技能，为未来的发展打下坚实的基础。
外国语言文学专业的学生在跨文化交际和翻译实践方面的能力和素养，也将对他们在国际交流以及国内不同领域的工作中具有重要的价值。
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Intercultural Communication and Translation of Culture-loaded Words of the West and EastAbstract:As a new marginal discipline, intercultural communication became an important separate discipline in the 1970s. It emerged in America and has been developing quickly and greatly in the western world. While in China, the discipline was first introduced in the 1980s. Nowadays, with the increasing exchange of the West and East, intercultural communication becomes increasingly frequent against the background of economic globalization. So it needs corresponding more translation activities. Against the background of economic globalization, we should be fully aware of intercultural communication, especially the conflicts and exchanges between Western and Eastern, the mixture of both and the work of translation. We should both learn the essence of Western culture and keep up the splendid cultural tradition of China.In the course of the intercultural translation, culture-loaded words contain cultural connotation and mirror cultural characteristics, so they are often considered difficult to translate. This thesis studies approaches of translating culture-loaded words in the broad context of intercultural communication by exploring the relation between culture and translation. This thesis argues that by adopting proper translating approaches, culture-loaded words should achieve both semantic and pragmaticequivalence, or at least pragmatic equivalence.Key words: intercultural communication; translation; culture-loaded words; semantic equivalence; pragmatic equivalenceIntroductionIntercultural communication involves two different cultures, and different culture created a different national language. Culture plays an important role in specific semantic structure and model of language. The vocabulary is the accumulation of cultural information, and the cultural concepts and values of different nation at all levels of culture are "reflected in their vocabulary system, and then form the words with cultural connotation." [1]With special cultural connotation, cultural words are often difficult in cross-cultural communication translation, and even become an obstacle to transmission of information.Influence of culture on translationFrom the perspective of intercultural communication, one of the purposes is to establish the cultural equivalence between the source language and target language. In terms of the translation of cultural terms, the cultural equivalence mainly reflects in the semantic equivalence and pragmatic equivalence. Semantic equivalence is the basis of pragmatic equivalence. Thus, in many cases, equivalent translation is also mainly refers to the semantic equivalence.The author believes that the basic principles of cultural lexicon translation should be done to maximize the semantic and pragmatic equivalence. We should at least ensure the pragmatic equivalence if semantic equivalence can not be achieved. For instance, in Tianjin city of China, there is a century-old snack "Goubuli" steamed buns, and now many tourist cities in the country establish its branches, and the buns are also sold abroad. Its English translation "Dog Won't Leave" is far from its original Chinese name meaning. And there is no semantic equivalent at all, because the Chinese "dog ignore" have no contact with “the dog” and “leave”. However, from the perspective of pragmatic translation, “Dog Won't Leave” is a wonderful translation. Dogs won’t leave buns stands for it will not leave its host either. Undoubtedly, such translation has a strong attraction force for diners in English and America who love dogs like loving friends. Basically, the equivalence in pragmatic effects is achieved.As the source language and target language are different in language and culture, it is almost impossible to achieve totally equivalence in semantic and pragmatic aspect for the source language and target language symbols. Therefore, when translating cultural words, we only try to pursuit of semantic equivalence as far as possible under the premise of ensuring pragmatic equivalence. There are five commonly used methods when translating cultural words:First, shift translation. It refers to unchanged moving all or part of the source language to the target language. For instances, CD, VCD, DVD, DNA, ICU, and many computer terms which are translated into Chinese by the shift frequently appear on Chinese newspapers and magazines. Some expressions with Chinese characteristics like qigong (qigong), taijiquan (shadow boxing), jiaozi (dumplings), qipao (cheongsam), has moved in English and American newspapers.Second, transliteration. Some of the source language culture-specific images are "blank" or "vacant” in the target language. I n this case, we can transplant these unique to the target language using transliteration method. Transliteration is homophonic in Chinese words or word combinations in English translation, and these words or word combinations are not meaningful ready-made words in Chinese. For instance: 秀(show), 酷(cool), 黑客(hacker), 艾滋病(AIDS), 色拉(salad), 可口可乐(Coca-cola) and so on.Third, literal translation. Literal translation refers to translation of the "corresponding" phrase and cultural information in the source language. This can preserve cultural identity of the source language as much as possible and broaden the cultural horizons of target language readers. However, it can not be applied mechanically, and it should not mislead the reader of the target language. For instance: olive branch (橄榄树), lonely as a cloud (像一朵孤云), 纸老虎(paper tiger),一国两制(one country with two systems), etc.Four, free translation. It focuses on the translation to convey the original meaning (interpretation), which lay down the language form and literal meaning of the source language. It expresses the cultural information of source language in the target language with cross-cultural "pragmatic equivalence. For instance: the Renaissance (文艺复兴); "辛亥革命"(the 1911 Revolution against Qing Dynasty), etc.Five, Replacement. It refers to the replacement of original words with some similar meaning but different concept meaning in the target language on the basis of keeping communication meaning of the original. That is to replace words with rich cultural connotation in the source language with corresponding word with same cultural connotation in the target language. Such as: to laugh off one's head (笑掉大牙); lead a dog's life (过着牛马不如的生活); 挥金如土(to spend money like water); 力大如牛(as strong as a horse).ConclusionEnglish and Chinese are two different languages, and both reflect the cultural differences which form the barrier of communication. How to overcome obstacles and achieve cultural equivalence is a difficult problem to solve. Practice shows that in most cases we can find reasonable translation methods which can be accepted by readers in the target language. By means of the necessary modifications, we can at leastachieve pragmatic equivalence. The important thing is that the translators should attach great importance to cultural factors in the source language, and consider issues from the purpose of intercultural communication.。