名词所有格归纳
名词所有格
名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括\'s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。
A. 's 所有格的用法
1. 表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加\'s。例如:Jim's bed, the man's wife, children's toys, the fox's tail
2. 以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s"。例如:the students' books, Teachers' Day, my boss' office, a girls' dormitory
3.有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。例如:today's newspaper, five minutes' walk, a ton's weight, a dollar's worth of stamps, the moon's rays
4.表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加's(或')即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个名词词尾都加上's(或')。例如:Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人共同所有)
Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间)
an hour and a half’s walk (步行一个半小时的路程)
5. 's所有格所修饰的词的省略现象
(1)表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如:
I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。
He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。
She went to Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。
(2)名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如:
Whose pen is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。
The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。
B. of 所有格的用法--- of所有格由of加名词构成,其用法归纳如下:
1. of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如:a map of the world, the story of a hero, the windows of the room, the title of the film
2. 用于名词化的词。例如:the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖
3. 修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如:
the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴
4. 表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格。例如:
the children of the family 那家的孩子们
5. 某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子
6.某些of所有格和's所有格互换,有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子:
an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世)
the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世)
起修饰作用的名词,如不表示所有关系,通常不用’s。
例 room number,tooth brush
's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下:
1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如:
a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历
2.名词+of+'s所有格。例如:
He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)他是我姐姐的一个朋友
Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩)
试比较:
a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片
a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片
3.不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如:
most of the students 学生中的大多数
three of them 他们中的三个人
I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书
Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?
D. 's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别
请仔细比较下面三句话:
1.She is Mary's brother's friend.
2.She is a friend of Mary's brother.
3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's.
1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。
2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。
3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。
1. 名词的格的种类英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们又统称作通格。
当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时,用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分-’s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式。Tom loves Mary. (Tom 为主格,Mary 为宾格,均为通格形式) Tom’s best friend is Mary. (Tom’s 是所有格,Mary 为通格)
The title of the book is interesting. (of the book 为所有格) 2. -’s所有格的构成方法
(1) 一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加 -’s:children’s books 儿童图书today’s paper 今天的报纸
(2) 带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(‘):girls’ school 女子学校the Smiths’ car 史密斯家的小汽车注:带词尾s 的单数名词,通常仍加’s:the boss’s plan 老板的计划 the hostess’s worry 女主人的担心
(3) 带词尾s带词尾的人名,可加’s 或只加省字撇(‘):Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说Charles’s job 查理斯的工作不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾者,一律加’s却以咝音结尾者,Marx’s works 马克思的著作George’s room 乔治的房间
(4) 用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列连词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加:Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tom and Jim’s rooms 汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间
3.-’s所有格的用法-’s 所有格主要用于有生命的东西,但有时也可用于无生命的东西,这主要见于:
(1) 用于表时间的名词后:tomorrow’s weather 明天的天
气two days’ journey 两天的旅程比较:ten minutes’ break = a ten-minute break 10分钟的休息
(2) 用于表国家、城市的名词后:America’s policy 美国的政
策 the city’s population 这个城市的人口
(3) 用于某些集合名词后:the majority’s view 多数人的观
点the government’s policy 政府的政策
(4) 用于组织机构后:the station’s waiting-room 车站候车室the newspaper’s editorial policy 这家报纸的编辑方针
(5) 用于度量衡及价值名词后:a mile’s distance 1英里的距
离twenty dollar’s value 20 美元的价值注:对于带有连字符已转化为形容词的度量衡,不能用所有格形式:ten-minute walk 10分钟的路程(比较:ten minutes’ walk)
(6) 用于表天体的名词后:the moon’s rays 月
光the earth’s surface 地球表面(7) 用于某些固定表达中:cii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">a stone’s throw 一箭之遥at one’s wit’s end 黔驴技穷
at arm’s length 以一臂之距out of harm’s way 在完全的地方
4. -’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较
(1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西。of 所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格互换。如:Mr Smith’s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim’s patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心the Queen’s arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达
(2) 必须用‘s 所有格的情形:①表类别时:men’s shoes 男鞋,children’s stories 儿童故事②表来源时:John’s telegram 约翰的电报③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时:Mary’s husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿。
(3) 必须用of 所有格的情形:①用于无生命的事物时:the subject of the sentence 句子主语'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②表同位关系时:the City of Beijing 北京市③当中心词是名词化的名词时:the life of the poor 穷人的生活④当of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时:of Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师
【课堂检测】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空:
1. March 8th is __________Day. (woman).
2.Taking twenty __________(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health.
3.The shop sells ____________(妇女) handbags.
4.Teachers in western countries have a __________(三个月的) holiday in
a year.
5. I’ll give my English teacher a card for ____________Day. (teacher)
6. It’s only ten __________walk from the station to the hotel. (minute)
7. It’s an __________(hour) ride from here to the museum.
二、选择填空:
1.----How’s Joy’s skirt?
----Her skirt is more beautiful than ________.
A. her sister’s an d Kate
B. her sister and Kate
C. her sister and Kate’s
D. her sister’s and Kate’s 2.This is _______ room. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s
B. L ucy’s and Lily
C. Lucy and Lily’s 3.In ______ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A. few years
B. a few years’
C. a few year
D. a few year’s
4.We will have a ___________holiday after the exam.
A. two month
B. two–month
C. two month’s
D. two–months
5.Did you hear the ___________report?
A. policemen
B. policemen’s
C. policemens’
D. policemens
6.It’s about _________walk from my home.
A. ten minute
B. t en minutes’
C. ten minute’s
D. ten minutes
7.This is my dress. That one is ______________.
A. Mary
B. Mary’s
C. sister
D. mother
8.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a ________ to his office.
A. 20 minutes walk
B. 20 minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk
D. 20-minute walk
9.Where is ___________ sweater ? I can’t see it.
A. Lucy
B. Lucys
C. Lucy’s
10.__________ mothers made them have piano lessons.
A. Peter and Anne
B. Peter’s and Anne’s
C. Peter’s and Anne
D. Peter and Anne’s
11.The room on the right is ________.
A. her
B. she
C. Lucy’s
D. Lucy
12.We’ll have a ____________ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?
A. two days
B. two-day
C. two-days
D. two-days’(两天的假期:two days’
holiday/two-day holiday)
13.The mark et isn’t far from here. It’s only ___________ bicycle ride.
A. half an hours’
B. half an hour’s
C. half an hour
D. an hour and a half
14.Where’s your father ? At _________.
A. Mr Green’s
B. Mr. Green
C. the Mr. Gre en’s 15.The twin brothers always put small presents in ___________stockings on Christmas Day.
A. each other’s
B. each other
C. each others
D. each others’
16.My father will have a _________ holiday next month. He’ll take me to Qingdao.
A. ten days
B. ten days
C. ten-days
D. ten day’s
17.Where have you been these days?
I have been to Bei Daihe with a friend __________.
A. in Chinese
B. of Japan
C. of American’s
D. from Canada
18.When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat was between ____________.
A. Ted and Ben
B. Ted’s and Ben
C. Ted and Ben’s
D. Ted’s and Ben’s
19.It is said that SARS has killed more than _______________ people worldwide.
A. three hundreds
B. three
hundreds’
C. three hundred’s
D. three hundred 20.Kate won the _______ race in the summer sports meeting.
A. 100-metre
B. 100-metres
C. 100 metre
D. 100 metre’s (同12题) 21.Whose bike is it ? It’s ____________.
A. John
B. John’s
C.
Johns’ D. Johns
22.I’ll give you ________to finish the work. OK.
A. two week’s time
B. two weeks’ time
C. two week time
D. two weeks time 23.________ desk is the cleanest in the classroom.
A. Ann’s and Tom
B. Ann and Tom’s
C. Ann and Tom
D. Ann’s and Tom’s
24.My pen is black. _________ is blue.
A. Kates
B. Kate
C. Kate’s
25.Is this your room? No, it’s _________room.
A. the children
B. the children’s
C. of the children
D. the childrens’
26.Who is the man in the blue car? He is __________ father.
A. Kate’s and Mary’s
B. Kate and Mary’s
C. Kate and Mary
D. of Kate and Mary
.