倒装主谓一致讲义

倒装：完全倒装/部分倒装Test Yourself.1) I could not persuade him to accept it, ___ make him see the importance of it.(19995.1)A. if only I could notB. no more than I couldC. or I could notD. nor could I2) Not until the game had begun ______at the sports ground.(2000.6)A. had he arrivedB. would he have arrivedC. did he arriveD. should he have arrived3) The organization had broken no rules, but _____ had it acted responsibly.(19996.1)A. neitherB. soC. eitherD. both4) We have been told that under no circumstances ______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.(1999.6)A. may we useB. we may useC. we could useD. did we use5) Only under special circumstances_____to take make-up tests.(1997.6)A. are freshmen permittedB. freshmen are permittedC. permitted are freshmenD. are permitted freshmen参考答案: 1) D 2) C 3) A 4) B 5) A1 全部倒装倒装分部分倒装和全部倒装。

谓语部分所有单词都放在主语前是全部倒装。

谓语的一部分放在主语的前面是部分倒装。

谓语中的一部分通常是指：1、系动词；2、助动词；3、情态动词。

对于倒装句型同学们所应注意的就是在哪些情况下需要倒装，并且如何倒装。

注意下面常见的倒装条件。

全部倒装的6条原则：1. There be句型（表示有）；2. 以There或now, then开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为come或go；arrive, leave, run, rush等表移动的动词There you go again. 你又去那里了。

There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.3. 以Here开头的句子，且句子谓语动词为系动词be；Here you are. 拿去。

Here is your letter.4. 以副词out, in, up, down, away开头的句子；Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意: 上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

如：Here he comes. Away they went.5. 以状语（常见的是地点状语）开头的句子。

Under the tree sat an old man.On the hay lay a wounded boy of not more than seventeen.6. 现在分词和过去分词可提至句首构成"分词+ be + 主语+其它的倒装句式。

如：Enclosed in the letter was a photo of a beautiful girl.Glooming in the test tube on the table was the mysterious something which they had been working so hard to find, radium.2 部分倒装:情态动词/助动词/BE动词+主语+谓语动词（形式同一般疑问句）部分倒装的8条原则：1. so放在句首时表示承前肯定，这个句子用部分倒装；nor, neither放在句首时表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒装；如：Mary has never been to China, neither has Tom.The room is hot, so is that one.Mary is clever, so is he.If he goes, so will I.2. 省略了引导词if 的虚拟条件从句，可以把从句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一个提到从句最前面的位置，构成部分倒装；3. as, though表示“尽管”时引导从句，从句中的表语可以置于引导词之前构成部分倒装；系动词后面的部分就是表语，形容词、名词、名词性短语可以置于系动词之后。

例如：She is beautiful. They are students.考试中出现的是由动词的过去分词转变的形容词作表语的形式。

. _ _ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A Being publishedB PublishedC PublishingD To be publishedB当题干是as引导一个从句，且as前为一个空格时他表示的就是尽管，空格处要填的就是表语。

being published 正在被出版；to be published 将要被出版。

此句恢复正常语序应为：As it was published at such a time …4. 表示否定含义的单词或短语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；常见的一些表示否定含义的单词：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ；seldom 难得，不常；no, rarely, nowhere, not only, not until等。

nowhere 哪里都不。

常见的一些表示否定含义的短语：in no way 决不；on no account 决不；under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不, at no time, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, in vain, still less。

例如：Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.Not only is its direct attack on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on.Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

Eg: Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题1)Why can’t I smoke here?At no time___ in the meeting-roomA. is smoking permittedB.smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permittedD.does smoking permit答案A. 这是一个倒装问题。

当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。

本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A. man did knowB. man knowC. didn’t man knowD. did man know答案D.看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。

改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

5. only + 状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装；Only后的状语可以是副词、短语，也可以是从句，要特别注意，从句并不倒装，而是主句倒装。

Eg: Only recently have they comeOnly when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work.注：但only单个词位于句首时，主句不倒装。

Only he is in the room.例：Only under special circumstances _ _ to take make-up tests.A permitted are freshmenB freshmen are permittedC are freshmen permittedD are permitted freshmenCfreshmen 新生；make up for 弥补，补偿；make-up tests 补考（缓考）。

6. 以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。

如：So fast did he run that I could not catch him.So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.7. whether…or…引导的倒装，省略whether将be提到主语前形成倒装。