特殊关系代词用法

特殊关系代词用法

Than

通常than在比较句中承担了一个代词的角色：

✧Don’t give him more money than is necessary; money burns

a hole in his pocket.

✧Barbara seems to take a keener interest in piano music than

has ever been shown

✧That morning I drank more coffee than had been my custom.

✧There were more casualties than was reported.

✧The next war will be more cruel than can be imagined.

从上述例句中，关于than的用法有几点需要我们特别注意：1．Than后面直接紧跟谓语动词，而不是主语。

例如：通常不说Don’t give him more money than what is necessary.或者He is stronger than what he has imaged.

正确的为：He is stronger than he has imaged.

2．Than之后的动词形式，尽管通常为单数，但时态要与主句的谓语动词保持一致。

例如：

That morning I drank more coffee than had been my custom. 3. 一些语言学家也表示上述例句中的最后一句可以分解为There were more casualties than it was reported. 但是事实上，

从莎士比亚到现代英语，在上述情况下it从不跟在than后面。再来体会一下，than在这种情况下的用法：

The town offers better cultural advantage than has been generally supposed. 这个镇子比通常所想的有更好的文化优势。

4．此种用法和下列than that of的区别。

例句：The population of China is larger than that of India. (that 指代population)

Perhaps no more financial term causes a more emotional response than that of ‘bankruptcy’. （that指代emotional response）

As

✧He does not possess such qualifications as are necessary to

be an actor.

✧She bought the same skirt as I had bought last week so I need

to talk to her about it so we don't wear them at the same time.

✧The murderer who had killed several people on the campus

was finally arrested by the police, as was expected.

前两个例句中定语从句都使用了as作为关系代词，我们可以发现例句1中含有“such…as…”，例句2中含有“the same…as…”最后一句中并未出现与as搭配的短语，此处的

用法是as做关系代词指代前面整个句子，在定语从句中做主语。

But

大家熟悉的but基本都是以转折连词的身份出现，但是它还兼职在做定语从句中的关系代词。

✧There is no man but errors.

✧There is no rule but has exception.

✧There is no tree but bears some fruit.

✧There is not one of us but wishes to help you/peace.

But 本身含“否定”的意思，其作用相当于“that/which/who…not”.它前面的逐句通常有否定的词，如no, not, little, few, hardly等。But 引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用，达到强烈肯定的修饰效果。

虚拟语气

1.当从句中有were/had/should时，可省略if，而把他们放在句首（倒装）

Eg：If I were to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.

Were I to meet him tomorrow,I should ask him about it.

2.用介词短语替代条件状从，常用介词：with/without/but for

Eg：What would you do if you had a million dollars?

with a million dollars?

注意：without your help = but for your help = if it had not been for your help

= had it not been for your help

3.含蓄条件句（即不用if引导）

（1）用连词或介词短语otherwise/or/but/but for/but that/without

Eg:I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have come to your party.

The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.