初中英语简单句、并列句、复合句

简单句：陈述句、感叹句、疑问句、祈使句

一、陈述句

陈述句用来陈述一件事情或者表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常

用句号，读降调。

1、肯定形式：主语+谓语+其他

The boy often helps others.

2、否定形式：

(1)be的否定式：be用作系动词时：主语+be+not+表语+其他

She is not a teacher.

be用作助动词时：主语+be+not+动词的现在分词或过去

分词+其他Jim isn’t playing football.

(2)助动词、情态动词的否定

(3)除not外，其他否定词也可构成否定句：no、never、little、few、no one、nobody

nothing、neither of....、seldom、too...to

二、感叹句

感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子。

1、what引导的感叹句

(1)What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！What a beautiful girl she is!

(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数形式+主语+谓语！What important jobs they have done!

(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！What sweet water it is!

2、how引导的感叹句

(1)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！How interesting the dog is!

(2)How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+主语+谓语！How useful a subject it is!

(3)How+主语+谓语！How time flies!

3、一些特殊形式

(1)在陈述句、祈使句或疑问句句尾加感叹号变成感叹句

He runs so fast!

(2)用一个词或词组表达强烈感情的句子

Wonderful! Look out! Great!

(3)以there、here等副词开头的感叹句

There she is! There goes the bell!

三、疑问句

用以提问的句子较疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句。

1、一般疑问句

表示询问事物或者某种情况是否属实，需要对方给予肯定否定回答。

(1) be+主语+其他？

(2)助动词（情态动词）+主语+谓语（动词原形）+其他？

回答：Yes,主语+be/助动词/情态动词

No,主语+be/助动词/情态动词+not

2、特殊疑问句

用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。回答时不能用Yes No

(1)疑问代词：what 、who 、which 、whose（谁的）、whom（宾格谁）

(2)疑问副词：when 、where、why、how

(3)疑问词组：how soon、how long、how far、how soon

3、选择疑问句

提出两个或两个以上的情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答的问句。

(1)一般疑问句+or+被选择部分？

Do you like apples or pears?

(2)特殊疑问句，+A or B?

Which would you like better,tea or coffee?

4、反义疑问句

(1) 陈述部分含有never、few、little、nothing、nobody、no、hardly、none、too...to等表示否定意味的词时，其反义疑问部分应用肯定形式。

There are few people in the room, are there?

(2)陈述部分是There be 结构时，反义疑问句部分用be there

There is a tree in front of the building, isn’t there?

(3)当陈述部分的主语为指人的不定代词时，反义疑问句部分主语用he或者they

Somebody wants to see you ,doesn’t he/don’t they?

(4)当陈述部分的主语为指物的不定代词时，反义疑问句部分主语用it

Something is wrong with your computer, isn’t it ?

(5)当陈述部分的主语为this,that等时，反义疑问句主语用it;陈述部分的主语为these,those 等时，反义疑问句主语用they。前肯后否，前否后肯。

This is a beautiful picture, isn’t it?

Those aren’t your books, are they?

(6)have /has 的情况

Tom has a new watch, hasn’t/doesn’t he? (有)

Kate has to help her mother at home, doesn’t she? (不得不)

They had a good time in Beijing, didn’t they? (吃，喝，玩，度过)

We had better stop talking, hadn’t we? (最好)

Lucy has ever been to Japan, hasn’t she ? (在完成时中)

(7)need的情况

We need to arrive in Shanghai at 7:00, don’t we ?(行为动词)

We needn’t leave at once, need we ? (情态动词)

(8)must的情况

They must come on time, needn’t they? (必须）

That man must be Lilei ,isn’t he?(表示推测，一定，想必之意）

(9)I am 形式

I’m right,aren’t I ？

(10)祈使句形式

Listen to me carefully,will/won’t you? (肯定形式)

Don’t paly with fire, will you ? (否定形式)

(11)let’s let us开头的祈使句

Let’s go to the park, shall we?

Let us help you ,will you ?

(12)陈述句部分若为主从复合句，反义疑问句部分的主语与主句的主语一致。

She said he would come tomorrow, didn’t she?