三相光伏并网逆变器

上海红申电气有限公司
Hale Waihona Puke 摘要三相光伏并网逆变器研发与智造
专 业：控制理论与控制工程 在职研究生：张秀云 （上海红申电气有限公司工程师） 指导教师：刘一鸣 （教授级高工）
摘 要
光伏并网发电过程是将直流电变为交流电并将能量输送给电网，逆变器是太阳 能电池和大电网连接的核心设备，它的稳定性和可靠性决定了输送电能的质量，为 了提高发电质量，需要对系统的硬件和软件做深入的分析。本文对这两个方面都做 出了比较详细的数学推导，并进行了理论仿真，然后在此基础上搭建了硬件平台， 对这些算法进行了初步的验证，给出了相应的实验结果。 首先，本文对光伏阵列的结构进行了分析，并搭建了阵列的仿真模型，从仿真 模型的 P—U 曲线可以看出阵列存在最大输出功率，并在此基础之上就最大功率跟 踪问题做出了深入思考，在传统的算法基础之上提出了一种算法，仿真表明该算法 比传统算法具有更好地跟踪效果。 接着，本文对逆变器的拓扑结构做出了说明，并选择了单级式的拓扑结构作为 本文研究对象。对于 L 型和 LCL 型的滤波器结构而言，其数学模型是不同的，并 网电流的控制算法也要做相应的改变。 对于电压型逆变器， 本文采用直接电流控制， 分别对滞环控制和三角波比较控制做出了分析。特别地，对于 LCL 型滤波器在同 步坐标系下因其复杂的解耦，本文引入了 PR 控制，搭建了 matlab 仿真对上述算法 进行了仿真和对比分析。 最后， 本文就 L， LCL 滤波器还有采样电路进行了理论计算， 搭建了实验平台， 用 TMS320F2812 做核心控制器对理论算法进行了初步的验证，给出了实验波形。
II
上海红申电气有限公司
摘要
waveforms.
Key words：Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power；Maximum Power Point Tracking；
Direct current control；PR control
III
上海红申电气有限公司
目录
目
录
1.绪论 ································································································· 1 1.1 课题研究背景及意义 ······································································ 1 1.2 太阳能发展的最新动态 ··································································· 1 1.3 简述太阳能电池的分类 ··································································· 1 1.4 我国太阳能资源 ············································································ 2 1.5 太阳能光伏发电系统的其他应用 ······················································· 2 1.6 本文的所做的工作 ········································································· 3 2.光伏阵列的电气特性 ············································································ 4 2.1 太阳能电池的基本原理··································································· 4 2.2 光伏阵列的建模和特性分析····························································· 4 2.2.1 光伏阵列的数学模型 ······························································ 4 2.2.2 不同光照强度下光伏阵列的的I—U及P-U特性特征曲线 ·················· 6 2.2.3 不同温度下光伏阵列的I—U及P-U特性特征曲线 ··························· 7 2.3 最大功率点控制策略及仿真····························································· 8 2.3.1 固定电压法（C&T） ······························································ 8 2.3.2 扰动观测法（perturb&observe algorilhms, P&O） ·························· 8 2.3.3 电导增量法（Incremental Conductance） ····································· 8 2.3.4 牛顿插值算法（Newton method） ············································· 9 2.4 本章小结 ···················································································· 14 3.三相单级式光伏并网逆变器的控制策略 ··················································· 15 3.1 光伏并网逆变器电力质量技术要求 ··················································· 15 3.2 光伏并网逆变器拓扑结构······························································· 15 3.2.1 并网逆变器拓扑结构分类 ······················································· 15 3.2.2 本系统的拓扑结构以及分析 ···················································· 16 3.3 三相单级式光伏并网逆变器的工作原理 ············································ 19 3.3.1 三相半桥L型滤波器数学模型 ·················································· 19 3.3.2 三相半桥LCL型滤波器数学模型 ··············································· 22 3.3.3 并网电流控制技术 ································································ 24 3.3.4 并网逆变器算法的仿真及其分析 ·············································· 25 3.4 本章小结 ···················································································· 36
关键词：光伏并网发电 最大功率点跟踪 直接电流控制 PR控制 红申电气
I
上海红申电气有限公司
摘要
Three-phased Photovoltaic Grid-connected Inverter And Control
Speciality: Control Theory and Control Engineering Name: Zhang Xiu yun Wang Xiaolei Supervisor: Professor
Abstract
The photovoltaic power generation process is making the direct current to the alternating current and transmissing to the grid, the inverter is the core equipment of the connection between solar cells and grid, its stability and reliability determine the quality of the electrical energy transmission.In order to improve the quality of power generation, a in-depth analysis on hardware and software of the system have done. This paper have made a more detailed mathematical derivation and theoretical simulation on these two aspects, have also made a preliminary validation of these algorithms and given the corresponding experimental results on a hardware platform. First, this paper analyzes the structure of the photovoltaic array, then builds a simulation model of the PV array. The exist of maximum output power of the P-U curve can be seen from the simulation model, a deep thinking of the maximum power point tracking also have done on this basis, and proposes a new algorithm simulation shows that has a better tracking results compared with the traditional algorithm. Then, this paper describes the topology of the inverter, and selects single-stage topology as a research object. For L-and LCL-filter structure, the mathematical model is different, and the net current control algorithms also need to do the appropriate change. In this paper,direct current control is used on voltage source inverter, and respectively analysises hysteresis control and the triangle wave comparing control. In particular, because decoupling of the LCL type filter in the synchronous coordinate system is complicated, this paper introduces PR control, sets up a matlab simulation to simulate and give comparative analysis of the above algorithm. Finally, this paper gives theoretical calculations of the L-and LCL-filter and sampling circuit, builds an experimental platform using TMS320F2812 as core controller to do a preliminary validation of the theoretical algorithm, and gives the experimental