英语三级语法点总结

虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

在suggestion， advice， proposal， order, decision, plan，idea，desire等需要 有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句 中，要使用虚拟语气。其谓语动词用动词原 形或should ＋动词原形。例如：
My suggestion is that we should go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening? An order has come that no language but German should be taught in the local school.



在虚拟语气中，无论主句中动词是现在时还是过去 时，只要as if/though从句所指的时间与其同时， 都用过去式，若非同时而是较早，或表示已经持续 了若干时间，则用过去完成式。例如： He ordered me about as though I were his wife. I was so happy that I felt as if I had wings and could fly. He looked as if he hadn‟t had a decent meal for a month.

非真实条件句中谓语动词形式
条件从句 与现在事实相反 If sb.+过去式 （be的过去式是 were） 主句 sb.+ would (should, could, might)+动词原 形
与过去事实相反
sb.+ would (should, If sb.+ had done could, might) + have done
三、虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气用在非真实条件句中 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 虚拟语气用在表语从句、同位语从句中 虚拟语气用在主语从句中 wish和as if/though后的虚拟语气。

虚拟语气用于非真实条件句
真实条件句VS非真实条件句 试比较： If it rains tomorrow, we‟ll have to stay at home. If I were you, I would accept the offer. 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的假设通常有三种情况： ①与过去事实相反 ②与现在事实相反 ③与将来事实可能相反。

虚拟语气用于主语从句

1. It be + 形容词 + that …(should)…. 用于该句型的形容词主要有：necessary, necessary important, good, right, wrong, natural, important proper, surprising 等。 natural funny, strange,strange
If sb.+ A. 过去式 sb.+ would (should, B. were to do could, might) +动词原 C. should +动 形 词原形
与将来事实可能
相反
与现在事实相反（例句）
If I were (be) rich enough, I would travel (travel) around the world. 假如我很富有，我就会周游世界。(The fact is that I can‟t travel around the world because I don‟t have enough money.) had (have) a car, I should be (be) very If I happy. 假如我有一辆汽车，我应该很高兴。 If I were (be) a bird, I could fly (fly) freely in the sky. 假如我是一只鸟儿，我就会在空中自由飞翔。
It is important that we should master a foreign language. It„s necessary that we should ban smoking in all public places. It„s natural that she should come and take care of her aged parents.

定语从句

非限定性定从引导词：关系代词： which,who,whose. 关系副词：when, where
1 Many children, whose _______parents are away working in the big cities, are taken good care of in the village. 2 I told them the reason, ___________I didn’t attend the for which meeting. which 3 Whenever I met her, ________was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. where 4 I’ll give you my friend’s home address,________I can be reached .
完成时

现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时， 现在、过去完成进行时。 现在完成进行时： Have/has+been+doing He has been saying that for years. 过去.完成进行时： Had been doing I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
辨析： He has a friend who works in Beijing. He has a friend, who works in Beijing.
定语从句
非限定性定从：非限制性定语从句与先行词 关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明， 不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从 句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。 Our guide, (who was a Frechman, ) was an excellent cook. We don„t like the room, （which is cold）.
完成
will (not) would(not)) have been havebeen done done
分词做状语
现在分词 doing和过去分词done都可以做状表示时 间，原因，结果，条件，让步，方式和伴随。
现在分词doing做状语其动作可能发生在谓语动 词之后或之前，也可能与谓语动词同时发生。 时间：Walking in the street, I saw him. =When I was walking in the street, I saw Him. 条件：Working hard, you will get success. =If you work hard, you will get success.
Grammar
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气的含义：用来表示说话人所说的话并不是 事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。例如： If I had time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. I wish I were a white cloud. 二、虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。例如 If he were here, he would know what to do. If you had come a little earlier, you would have met her. She suggested that we should keep emailing each other.

友情提醒
1. insist作“力言”、“强调”，suggest作 “暗示”、“表明”等解时,宾语从句不用虚 拟语气。例如： The farmer insisted that he had never seen the camel. His pale face suggests that he is frightened.
定语从句

限定性和非限定性
限定性定从：限制性定语从句不能被省略， 否则句意就不完整 。 This is the book (which you wanted) The dog （which was lost ）has been found. She was not on the train （which arrived just now . ）

as if/though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有 时用虚拟语气。从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动 词用一般过去式；表示与过去事实相反，had+过去 分词；表示将来事实相反，用would (might, could)+动词原形。例如： He talks as if he knew all about it. You look as if you had seen a ghost. It looks as though it might rain.
I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 我建议会议延期举行。 The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. 医生要她卧床休息几天。 They demanded that their pay (should) be raised. 他们要求增加工资。

2. It be +过去分词 + that…（should）...用于 该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命 令”等词的过去分词。如：desired， suggested, requested, ordered， required, proposed等。例如：
as if/though



与过去事实相反（例句）

If I had known (know) her telephone number, I would have called (call) her. 假如我当时知道她的电话号码，我就会给她打了电话。 (The fact is that I didn‟t call her because I didn‟t know her telephone number.) If he had got (get )up earlier, he could have caught (catch) the train.

假如他早点起身的话，他本来能赶上那趟火车。
与将来事实可能相反（例句）
If she were (be) to marry Jack, she would be (be) happy.如果她嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。

虚拟语气用于宾语从句
表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语 从句中的虚拟语气从句中用“should +动词原 形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结 构的动词常见的有： demand , order, request, require, insist, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, ask, decide, desire, prefer 等。例如：
被动语态

语态：主动和被动（Active &Passive)
时间 现在 方式 is/am/are 一般
进行
过去
将来
过去将来
would (not) be done
was/were will (not) (not) done (not)done be done is/am/are (not)being done have/has (not)been done was/were (not)being done had (not) been done