托福独立写作评分标准--英文版
托福写作评分标准
托福写作评分标准托福写作评分标准如下：新托福写作考试总共分为独立写作和综合写作两部分，它们有着不同的考察点，所以后面的托福考生了解每部分所测试的能力是非常重要的。
托福独立写作旨在考察考生是否有效回应题目，阐明*主题，*逻辑是否条理清楚及能否充分展开论证;内容是否连贯一致以及考生遣词造句的能力。
托福综合写作的考察在于总结归纳和改写两个方面，总结归纳的能力是说考察方希望考生能够在规定的时间内掌握一定长度和一定难度的阅读和听力材料中所涉及到的重点信息和论证结构;改写能力则要求考生将两部分材料中的重点信息和论证方式用新的语言和结构系统的进行展示和归纳。
托福独立写作评分标准(Independent Wring Rubrics)1.托福独立写作得5分情况An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:●Effectively addresses the topic and task●Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details●Displays unity, progression, and coherence●Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errorsAn essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:●Addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated●Is generally well organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanations, exemplifi-cations, and/or details●Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression, or unclear connections●Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary, though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiom-atic language that do not interfere with meaning3.托福独立写作得3分情况An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following:●Addresses the topic and task using somewhat developed explanations, exemplifications, and/or details●Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connection of ideas may be occasionally obscured●May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning●May display accurate, but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabularyAn essay at this level may reveal one or more of the following weaknesses:● Limited development in response to the topic and task●Inadequate organization or connection of ideas●Inappropriate or insufficient exemplifications, explanations, or details to support or illustrate generaliza-tions in response to the task●A noticeably inappropriate choice of words or word forms●An accumulation of errors in sentence structure and/or usage5.托福独立写作得1分情况An essay at this level is seriously flawed by one or more of the following weaknesses:●Serious disorganization or underdevelopment●Little or no detail, or irrelevant specifics, or questionable responsiveness to the task●Serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage6.托福独立写作得0分情况An essay at this level merely copies words from the topic, rejects the topic, or is otherwise not con-nected to the topic, is written in a foreign language, consists of keystroke characters, or is blank.托福综合写作评分标准(Integrated Wring Rubrics)A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.2.托福综合写作得4分情况A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information in relation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.3.托福综合写作得3分情况A response at this level contains some important information from the lecture and conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but it is marked by one or more of the following:●Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task, it conveys only vague, global, unclear, or somewhat imprecise connection of the points made in the lecture to points made in the reading.●The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture.●Some key points made in the lecture or the reading, or connections between the two, may be incom-plete, inaccurate, or imprecise.●Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections.4.托福综合写作得2分情况A response at this level contains some relevant information from the lecture, but is marked by sig-nificant language difficulties or by significant omission or inaccuracy of important ideas from the lecture or in the connections between the lecture and the reading; a response at this level is marked by one or more of the following:●The response significantly misrepresents or completely omits the overall connection between the lec-ture and the reading.●The response significantly omits or significantly misrepresents important points made in the lecture.●The response contains language errors or expressions that largely obscure connections or meaning at key junctures or that would likely obscure understanding of key ideas for a reader not already familiar with the reading and the lecture.5.托福综合写作得1分情况A response at this level is marked by one or more of the following:●The response provides little or no meaningful or relevant coherent content from the lecture.●The language level of the response is so low that it is difficult to derive meaning.6.托福综合写作得0分情况A response at this level merely copies sentences from the reading, rejects the topic or is otherwise notconnected to the topic, is written in a foreign language, consists of keystroke characters, or is blank.An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:1. Effectively addresses the topic and task2. Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details3. Displays unity, progression, and coherence4. Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.托福写作标准解读：要点1: addresses the topic在托福写作中，考生所表达的观点要和题目要求相关、一致。
托福写作评分标准
托福写作评分标准托福写作评分包括机器评分以及人工评分两部分:机器评分E-rater- 语法是否正确、用词是否得当、以及单词拼写及大小写是否准确等方面, 一篇考生的文章会经过两台机器评分.人工评分通过ETS阅卷人评分,综合写作和独立写作分别有两位阅卷人给出分数.托福写作原始分数为0-5分,考生得分分为三个levelGOOD4.0-5.0,FAIR2.5-3.5,LIMITED1.0-2.0最终成绩通过两个科目的分数取平均分,再换算为30分制的分数.详解托福综合写作的评分细则综合写作是托福写作板块中的其中一项.托福考试的写作部分分为综合Integrated writing和独立Independent writing两块,这两块分别独立评分,取平均值后得到最终的分数.也就是说,这两个部分各占一半权重,因此应给予相同程度的重视.这两部分的了解,强烈建议同学们自己去看看ETS出版的托福考试官方指南OG,OG里面对于考试形式和评分标准有非常详尽的介绍,有些同学在准备输出端考试写作或者口语的时候,居然连评分细则都不看,仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章,考不好真的不奇怪.下面,我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则.综合写作的满分要求是：A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lectu5分：文章切题,阐说充分,文章有说服力;段落组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活,娴熟;用词确切,得体.文章中有个别语法拼写错误,但不影响内容表达.4分：文章切题,阐说基本充分,在某些细节上有缺陷.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅,句式使用恰当,灵活;用词基本得体.文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误.3分：文章切题,阐说尚可,展开不够.段落层次组织有序,衔接紧密,过渡自然,有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般,有时不得体.词性区分和拼写等有若干错误2分：文章切题,段落组织基本合理,有逻辑性,但只存在于语义层次上,语言表达上未能体现;句子框架结构基本成立,但有许多语法错误,句间联系不顺畅,往往是不善于使用逻辑连词,显得幼稚,生硬.词汇方面拼写错误多,常有用词不得体现象.1分：文章切题.阐说没有展开,只限于三言两语地回答问题;没有段落组织,很乱,长度很短,只有一段;句子排列有一定的逻辑关系,能看出各句基本框架,但结构或语法错误较多;用词不得体,拼写错误多.0分：文章各方面都有严重错误,句子不像句子.总体印象是根本没有写作能力,英语水平太低,达不到一分标准,只能打最低分.托福写作的四大官方评分标准新托福写作独立写作评分标准1：well organized and well developed 逻辑条理清楚,发展充分.每次作者在讲写作时总是把它和阅读相对照.各位考生要想拿到独立写作满分必须真正理解“八股文”的结构,千万不要写中国式的“八股文”,而应写出“美式八股文”.新托福写作独立写作评分标准2：uses specific details and examples to support you view考生的论据一定要具体、明确,且对论点有支持作用,不能空洞和泛泛而谈.新托福考试独立写作评分标准3：effectively addresses the writing topic and task.要求考生有效地阐明主题,考生千万不要跑题.考生全部跑题现象较少,但是局部跑题现象十分严重,这也是考生不能轻取高分的缘故.新托福写作独立写作评分标准4：displays language facility by demonstrating syntactic variety, word choice and idiom.通过谴词造句和习惯表达来展示语言的熟练程度这一点是各位考生经常忽视,迷惘和不清楚的一点.新托福作文占总分120 分的30分.如果想在作文上花的时间既少又要拿高分,尤其是想拿到28分甚至满分以上的同学一定要注意此项评分标准.能用first千万不要用firstly,能用finally千万不要用last but notleast. 不少同学花了很多功夫背这一外国人都不用的词组,考生在能用常用的词的情况下千万不要用偏词.电脑评分主要关注作文的哪些方面呢通过对ETS官方的一些文件进行阅读分析,我们不难发现E-raters对写作的以下几个信息点非常关注：新托福写作批改一：语法得分GrammarETS工作人员可以事前通过电脑程序输入写作中不同难度的语法现象及常犯的语法错误事例,因而对于考生的任何一篇文章电脑可以自动识别该习作是否犯了类似的语法错误及其是否使用了较为高级的语法现象.具体来讲,语法能力考查涵盖以下几点：动词使用是否错误、代词指代是否不明、物主代词是否使用正确、主谓是否一致、是否存在不完整句、是否存在粘连句等.毋庸置疑,电脑对于如上语法的判断要比人为操作更为严谨、准确.因为写作是依赖键盘操作,故需要对句子完整性和粘连现象进行评定.但依据笔者的经验,很多考生在短短30分钟是难以达到“语法完美”的程度的,但是他们的作文得分并不低.由此可见,虽然E-raters关注写作的语法得分,但是其重要性位阶是低于ETS 的评分原则的.新托福写作批改二：内容表达载体得分usage score该考查点主要关注学生能否用“较为正式的文体”来阐述自己的观点以及单词本身是否使用恰当.该评价并不关注内容是否全面、论证是否有效,而仅仅关注表达文章信息的载体语言是否满足以下几点：表达中冠词是否出现错误、是否使用不准确的词汇、单词使用形式错误排除拼写、比较信息表达错误、表达信息偏向口语或者不正式.这些信息点的测试也是通过ETS官方人员事先输入相应程序来实现的.通过电脑评价,这些缺憾更容易被识别,因为个人的主观见解在评分中是容易出现偏差的.但是这里需要提醒一点：我们不能把这些考点的重要性过于夸大,过于苛求我们的学生在托福作文考试中做到正式文体加正式的表达.根据赵质明校长的教学经验,虽然很多学生在托福作文中使用了诸如“let me take an example of myself”, “okay, that’s very amusing”之类非正式的语言,但是其习作依旧有可能获得满分的成绩.新托福写作批改三：文章文体得分mechanic score这个评分主要考查学生是否能够正确的使用英语的标点符号,是否能够满足基本的写作文体要求.具体来讲有如下几点：单词拼写、大写表达是否恰当、标点符号使用是否正确、正确的合成词使用等.一般而言,人为的评价方式对如以上项目的考查和电脑评分无异,差别并不大.由此可见,新的评分方式中加入电脑审查只不过是再次核实人为评价是否可靠、科学.新托福写作批改四：文章语言风格得分style score这是从表达载体的宏观角度全面衡量一篇文章的语言风格,比如：被动语态的使用、某些单词的重复现象、单词或者表达信息使用不恰当、是否频繁使用短句或者长句等.这也就是赵质明校长上课常常给学生讲的“word and sentence variety”.这一点托福考试的关注度要远远重于能力类的考试科目.当然,这也是很多考生最难以胜任的一项.根据笔者的教学经验,很多学生虽然有好的构思和充实的论据,但是由于文章表达方式没有符合托福必备语言风格要求的能力,其独立写作仅仅只有3分.新托福写作批改五：文章组织架构得分organization讲的通俗一点,组织架构重点考查文章某段话内信息是否衔接得当,段落之间是否逻辑清晰,不存在重复论述的现象.也就是说,文章要让读者看起来“顺畅,不产生疑惑”.这一点正是托福考试评价原则中“coherence”的体现.此外,组织结构得分还要求考生的托福作文符合一般的论文结构,即文章有总论点、分论点及分论点展开等等.这就要求我们考生的文章结构要清晰,论点逻辑关系严谨,字数要基本符合考试要求.新托福写作批改六：文章论述观点展开度评价development我相信写作老师一定对development 这个能力不陌生.无论是哪一类国外考试写作部分都涵盖了对文章观点展开详细程度的考查.而这一点恰恰也是汉语文章思维和英语的最大差异之一.汉语的句子之间类似于平行结构,而英语是树状的展开架构.如果套用汉语的思维来完成托福写作,那么文章逻辑是呈跳跃式发展的,故考官读起来会比较费力气.此外,这里还存在一个问题：根据对官方文件的阅读,我们可以看到电脑评分对文章展开的审查力度是有缺憾的.电脑主要是通过对段落内部的逻辑信息表达来判断.也就是说,即使这位考生在观点后附加了评价性语言或者使用了较为充分全面的例子,但是电脑E-raters是不能判断该例证或者因果分析是否符合托福写作之“统一性”原则,即缺乏对文章信息逻辑联系是否合理、严谨的审查能力.比如学生在托福作文中出现如下类似的表达：因为我父亲在家,所以我很爱他,电脑是不能自行进行纠正的.故我们不难看出为什么ETS依旧不愿意完全舍弃主观人为因素在评阅中的积极作用.新托福写作批改七：语言表达难度等级评价lexical complexity一篇好的文章不仅其论述手段过人,而且语言的载体功能完美地符合论文一般性要求.所以对于考生的表达词汇难度进行评价是应有之义.简而言之,如果考生能够在文章中展现自己对词汇较为高级的驾驭能力,那么他就有可能获得较高的作文分数.比如big 和enormous两种表达,后者的难度系数要大于前者.当然,我在这里需要澄清一个误区：单词量越大,作文分数越高.在托福考试的考查原则中有一项叫做“无歧视原则”,即“托福考试中不能因为某类学生对相关学科有所了解而使得他在考试中具备有内容意义上的优势.”或者说托福考试不希望看到学生故意地在炫耀自己的词汇量.所以,我希望在教学一线的老师们不要把语言类的模板直接授予学生,这样学生就不能真正的领略什么是写作,就缺乏用自己已有的语言来写出一篇符合托福评分标准文章的意识.笔者曾经教授过一名高中生,他的单词量并不大,但是由于其文章符合评价体系最后是4分.所以我不建议考生或者是我的同事在写作课上故意炫耀自己的词汇量.当然,应对托福写作,考生应该至少具备大学四级水平的词汇量 .新托福写作批改八：分论点表达能力评价specific-topic vocabulary usage这是从微观角度来衡量考生能否将其分论点阐释清晰、语言得当的标准.可以这么讲,该评价体系是对organization的细化表达,要求考生对某一个分论点进行详细的论述.需要注意一点的是：托福作文电脑评分中仅仅从单词的使用角度来考查,而没有对文章内部展开的逻辑进行验证.其原因主要是文章展开能力评测可以实现,故这里不再赘述.。
TOEFL-WRITING-托福写作
• e.g. Where there is a will ,there is a way.
• 有压迫的地方就有反抗。 • Where there is oppression ,there is rebellion. • 有女人的地方就有商机。 • Where there are women ,there are business opportunities. • 有政府的地方就有贪污。 • Where there is a government ,there is corruption.
• Introduction:
•
TOEFL iBT:The Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet Based Test.
•
ETS: Educational Testing Service 美国考试服务中心
• 托福作为语言考试的本质：
• 测试考生对英语的综合应用能力——包括听、说、读、写的独立能力和综合能力 • （每个部分满分30分，总分120分）；
•
increase : n. / decrease
•
定从
•
in the last decade(s)
•
significant / gradual / slight
•
number / amount (修饰不可数n）
• Try :在过去的二十年中，花在食物上的钱逐渐减少了。
• In the last two decades ,there has been a gradual decrease • in the amount of money that is spent on food.
• 2.段落格式使用缩进式或者齐头式
托福独立作文-telephone has greater influence than TV
The telephone has greater influence on people’s lives than television has.Currently, both of telephone and television have great changed people's lives owing to the rapid development of technology. There are many persons who deem that telephone has more impact than television, insisting that we cannot live without telephone even though within one day. As far as I am concerned, I agree with such views and believe that telephone deserves more honors due to its greater influence.Granted, television has been taking up living room for so long time. It provide families with enjoyable time, much often we also share the joys with guests. Television is the center of human life, but gradually the position is replaced by something else, such as computer and telephone.我们在托福独立写作中不需要让步段你应该直接提出的理由。
不需要讲对方的理由。
However, compared with television, telephone evolves more quickly. Today's telephone can be treated as a portable assistant. It can do almost what computer can do and even something computer cannot. Such strong abilities attract more attention of everyone.看到你这一段我真的很想说你的细节呢？哪些是手机能做但是电脑不能做的？而且你的main point是他进化比较快，那么你后面的句子中没有论证到进化啊？Primarily, with telephone people are able to get touch with anyone at any time and any place. By using telephone can we save lots of time. Giving a call canmake a take-out you have reserved before to be delivered directly to your home, even though you are on the way home. It also help citizens find policeman when encountered with an emergency. Only telephone can meet the demand of quick reaction.Moreover, as the dominant type of telephone, smart phone supply us with powerful ability as computer has. In the past, people can only enjoy the convenience of computer at home or office, confining us to limited areas. With high speed wireless networks and comparable processing ability, telephone can also let people enjoy online video, instant message service or something else that needs Internet. What's more, all these can be done without required location and time point.The last factor is the advanced interactions between human and telephone, which not only add to the joy but also enhance the efficiency. The traditional machines in everyday life, like computer or television, provide laggard from of interactions. People need to adapt to a controller with redundant buttons, not mention to the computer keyboard, which often has more than one hundred keys. Fortunately, the newest smart phone has changed it. To illustrate, this year Samsung Corporation published a smart phone called S4, which can guide users to make a number of amazing interactions. Traditionally, users need actively press a button if they want to stop a video being played, while S4 can detect whether the owner is watching or not, and pause the video by itself when the owner is not watching. Surprisingly, S4 can assist users finish scrolling web pageaccording users' eye-scrolling without moving fingers.By and large, although telephone and television respectively show importance in different aspects. The above-mention reasons are combined to justify my standpoint that the telephone indeed influence people's lives much greater than television.评分标准1：effectively addresses the writing topic and task: 有效地回应主题，字数在480。
英语托福作文评分标准及评分细则
英语托福作文评分标准及评分细则As an AI language model, I am here to provide a comprehensive guide to understanding and evaluating English TOEFL essays, ensuring that your writing meets the desired standards and criteria. The key to success in this standardized test lies in adhering to a clear structure and demonstrating strong language proficiency. Let's delve into the essential aspects of TOEFL essay scoring.Firstly, it's crucial to comprehend the three main sections: Integrated Task,独立写作(Integrated Task 1), and独立写作 (Integrated Task 2). Each section evaluates different aspects of writing, including coherence, argumentation, and vocabulary usage.1. Integrated Task: This is a short response that combines reading and writing. The score is based on your ability to integrate ideas from the reading passage with your own thoughts. Look for clarity in connecting ideas, relevance to the prompt, and a logical flow.2. Integrated Task 1: This is a 300-word essay that requires you to present your own viewpoint on a given issue. The focus is on your ability to present a well-structured argument, supported by examples and evidence. A strong thesis statement, logical development, and appropriate use of academic vocabulary are key.3. Independent Task 2: This is a longer essay, typically 500-600 words, where you are asked to write a response to a specific question. Here, you need to demonstrate your ability to analyze a text, evaluate an opinion, or solve a problem. Your writing should be persuasive, with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion that effectively wraps up your argument.Now, let's discuss the scoring criteria in detail:Content: This evaluates the depth and relevance of your ideas. Your essay should address all aspects of the prompt and provide thoughtful insights.Organization: A well-structured essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion is crucial. Each point should flow logically from the previous one.Vocabulary: The use of appropriate and varied vocabulary enhances your writing. Avoid using simple or repetitive words and strive for a range of expressions.Grammar and Mechanics: Errors in grammar, punctuation, and spelling can detract from your score. While errors are inevitable, they should not significantly hinder comprehension.Writing Style: A clear, concise, and engaging style is valued. Avoid overly complex sentences and strive for a balance between formality and readability.Engagement with the prompt: Demonstrating understanding and critical thinking by responding to the question is essential.To improve your TOEFL essay, practice regularly, and seek feedback from native speakers or experienced tutors. Familiarize yourself with sample essays and their annotations to understand the expectations. Remember, the key is to write confidently and confidently express your ideas in English.In conclusion, mastering the TOEFL essay scoring criteria requires a combination of content, structure, vocabulary, grammar, and writing style. By focusing on these aspects and consistently working on your writing skills, you can achieve the desired results in your TOEFL test.。
托福写作分数怎么算-详解托福作文评分标准
托福写作分数怎么算?详解托福作文评分标准摘要：托福写作考试中的2部分内容：综合写作和独立写作。
2个部分的写作要求可能会有不同，但是作为托福写作的整个考试科目来说，它的评分是从整体来计算的。
那么对托福写作的评分标准你了解多少呢?这里就跟编辑一起来学习一下吧。
对于托福考试来说，如果考生知道了各个考试科目的评分标准，这样在备考的时候就可以有针对性的对评分标准里的要求来纠正自己的不足之处。
那么对于托福写作考试来说，你知道它的评分标准是怎么样的吗?这里编辑为大家带来了托福写作的所有评分标准以及托福作文评分方法，希望对大家托福备考有帮助。
大家都知道，在托福写作考试中，分为两个部分：综合写作和独立写作部分。
这2个部分的评分标准并不是一样的，所以下面我将会从这2个考试部分来分别说一下各自的评分标准。
托福综合写作评分标准在托福OG官方指南中有提到，托福综合写作的满分要求是：A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections。
从这里面的关键词是information和organization，也就是信息量和逻辑，至于语言，并没有提出太多的要求。
托福写作评分标准档位
托福写作评分标准档位The TOEFL writing section is an essential part of the test that evaluates a test-taker's ability to write in English. The writing section consists of two tasks: an integrated writing task and an independent writing task. Both tasks are scored based on specific criteria, and understanding the scoring standards is crucial for achieving a high score. In this essay, we will explore the TOEFL writing scoring criteria and discuss the different levels of writing proficiency that correspond to the scoring standards.First and foremost, the TOEFL writing section is scored on a scale of 0 to 5, with 5 being the highest score. The scoring criteria for both the integrated and independent writing tasks include aspects such as coherence, organization, development, language use, and mechanics. Coherence and organization refer to the overall structure and flow of the essay, while development assesses the depth and complexity of the ideas presented. Language use focuseson the use of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure, and mechanics pertains to spelling, punctuation, and overall writing conventions.In order to achieve a high score in the TOEFL writing section, it is essential to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in these areas. This means that test-takers must effectively organize their ideas, develop them with relevant and specific details, and demonstrate a strong command of English language conventions. Additionally, it is important to note that the integrated writing task requires test-takers to synthesize information from a reading passage and a lecture, while the independent writing task prompts test-takers to express and support their own opinions on a given topic.It is crucial for test-takers to understand the different levels of writing proficiency that correspond to the scoring standards. A score of 5 indicates that the writing effectively addresses the topic, demonstrates consistent and coherent organization, and showcases a high level of language proficiency. A score of 4 reflectscompetent writing with minor errors or lapses in coherence, while a score of 3 signifies basic competence with noticeable language errors and organizational weaknesses. Scores of 2 and 1 indicate limited and weak writing, respectively, with significant language errors and a lack of coherence and development.In conclusion, the TOEFL writing section is scored based on specific criteria that evaluate a test-taker's ability to effectively communicate in written English. Understanding the scoring standards and the differentlevels of writing proficiency is crucial for achieving a high score on the TOEFL writing section. By demonstrating strong organization, development, language use, and mechanics, test-takers can effectively showcase their writing proficiency and increase their chances of success on the TOEFL.。
作文评分标准 英文
作文评分标准英文1. Clear and concise writing: The essay should be easy to read and understand, with no unnecessary words or complicated sentence structures.2. Originality and creativity: The essay should demonstrate unique ideas and perspectives, showing the writer's ability to think outside the box.3. Coherence and organization: Despite the lack of obvious logical order, the essay should still have a sense of unity and flow, with each paragraph contributing to the overall message.4. Grammar and mechanics: Proper grammar, punctuation, and spelling are essential for a well-written essay.5. Depth of analysis: The essay should delve deep into the topic, providing insightful analysis and thoughtful reflections.6. Engagement and interest: The essay should captivate the reader's attention and keep them engaged throughout.7. Clarity of argument: The writer should clearly present their argument or point of view, supporting it with evidence and examples.8. Voice and tone: The writer's voice should be strong and consistent, with a tone that matches the content of the essay.9. Conclusion: The essay should have a strong conclusion that ties everything together and leaves a lasting impression on the reader.。
托福综合写作和独立写作评分标准
托福综合写作和独立写作评分标准一、托福写作评分标准写一篇托福5分作文:文章切中要害，讲解充分，有说服力；段落条理清晰，联系紧密，过渡自然，逻辑性强；段落中句子与句子衔接流畅，句式运用恰当、灵活、巧妙；使用准确恰当的词语。
文章中有一些语法拼写错误，但不影响内容表达。
写一篇托福4分作文:文章切中要害，讲解基本充分，但在一些细节上有缺陷。
段落组织有序，联系紧密，过渡自然，逻辑性强；句子之间衔接顺畅，句式运用得当灵活；用词基本合适。
这篇文章中有几处用词不当和语法拼写错误。
写一篇托福3分作文:文章切中要害，解释尚可，拓展不足。
段落组织有序，联系紧密，自然，符合逻辑；句子之间的连接基本顺畅；有一些语法错误；用词很常见，有时也不恰当。
词性区分和拼写有一些错误。
写一篇托福2分作文:文章切中要害，段落组织基本合理，符合逻辑，但只存在于语义层面，没有体现在语言表达上；句子的框架结构基本建立，但语法错误较多，句子之间连接不顺畅，往往不善于使用逻辑连词，显得幼稚生硬。
词汇方面拼写错误较多，用词往往不恰当。
写托福1分作文:文章切中要害。
讲解没有开始，仅限于三言两语回答问题；没有段落组织，凌乱，篇幅短，只有一段；句子按照一定的逻辑关系排列，每个句子的基本框架都能看出来，但结构或语法错误较多；用词不当，拼写错误多。
写托福0分:文章各方面都有严重错误，句子不像句子。
总体印象是完全没有写作能力，英语水平太低，达不到一分的标准，只能拿最低分。
二、托福写作考试技巧学会Paraphrase综合写作备考的过程中，需要掌握paraphrase的技巧。
如果有同学不理解paraphrase的话，我简单介绍一下，paraphrase其实就是指意义，通俗地讲就是“换句话说”。
这种能力在综合写作中非常重要，因为综合写作要根据听力和阅读来写文章，但是却不能用原文的内容。
独立写作中，我们要再开头重复问题时也要用paraphrase，不能照抄。
所以大家在平时练习中要掌握这个技能。
托福写作题型简介及备考策略——独立写作
托福写作题型简介及备考策略——独立写作托福写作有分为独立写作和综合写作两个部分今天小编就来和大家分享一下独立写作的题型简介以及备考策略，希望对大家有帮助！托福写作题型简介及备考策略——独立写作1 托福独立写作介绍1.1 典型问法托福独立写作部分(the Independent Writing Task)为新托福写作试题的第二个部分，要求考生针对某个问题提出自己的论点并展开，考试时间为30分钟。
这种题目的典型问法为：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?[A sentence or sentences that present an issue appear here]Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.1.2 评分原则和评分标准评分原则：从2010年1月开始，iBT写作评分系统做出重大改革。
由原来的两位阅卷者独立阅卷给分，两个分数的算术平均值为原始分，改为一个阅卷人和一个电脑评分系统(E-Rater)分别给分。
其中，E-Rater负责Linguistic feature(语言因素)，即语法，句法和结构;人工负责文章内容和含义;两部分相加，即为考生的作文原始分。
而最终的分数则与原始分所占的百分比(Percentile)相关：比如30分对应97.9%，即只有2.1%的人得到了满分。
评分标准：Score 5: An essay as this level largely accomplishes all of the following:Effectively addresses the topic and task;Is well-organized and well-developed, using clearly appropriate explanation, exemplifications, and/or details;Display unity, progression and coherence;Display consistent facility in the use of language,demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.评分标准解读：阅卷人会从考生是否切题，如何展开论点，如何组织文章结构和语言运用四个方面评估考生的文章。
托福写作评分标准
托福写作评分标准托福写作评分标准托福写作评分包括机器评分以及人工评分两部分:机器评分E-rater- 语法是否正确、用词是否得当、以及单词拼写及大小写是否准确等方面, 一篇考生的文章会经过两台机器评分。
人工评分通过ETS阅卷人评分，综合写作和独立写作分别有两位阅卷人给出分数。
托福写作原始分数为0-5分，考生得分分为三个level GOOD(4.0-5.0)，FAIR(2.5-3.5)，LIMITED(1.0-2.0)最终成绩通过两个科目的分数取平均分，再换算为30分制的分数。
详解托福综合写作的评分细则综合写作是托福写作板块中的其中一项。
托福考试的写作部分分为综合(Integrated writing)和独立(Independent writing)两块，这两块分别独立评分，取平均值后得到最终的分数。
也就是说，这两个部分各占一半权重，因此应给予相同程度的重视。
关于这两部分的了解，强烈建议同学们自己去看看ETS出版的托福考试官方指南(OG)，OG里面对于考试形式和评分标准有非常详尽的介绍，有些同学在准备输出端考试(写作或者口语)的时候，居然连评分细则都不看，仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章，考不好真的不奇怪。
下面，我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则。
综合写作的满分要求是：A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lectu5分：文章切题，阐说充分，文章有说服力;段落组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活，娴熟;用词确切，得体。
文章中有个别语法拼写错误，但不影响内容表达。
4分：文章切题，阐说基本充分，在某些细节上有缺陷。
段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活;用词基本得体。
英文写作连接词
新托福独立写作一共有3个评分标准：如因此，有了以上的大致信息后，考生就应该多思考如何能在30分钟内缔造出完美的文章结构，来获得考官的青睐？一篇好的结构不仅包括必备的连接词和过渡句，自然也离不开永恒的内在统一。
第一，连接词过渡句任何形式的英语文章中都应该具备一定量的连接词(路标词)，因为它们是有助于读者顺利阅读的"导航坐标"；大多数考生在备考时也的确会准备一系列此类连接词，用于文章每个段落的段首；包括有表示"第一，第二，第三"等的连接词。
但是单纯有段首连接词还不足以支撑全文的结构，因此考生应该同时准备段中连接词，包括"比如说，因为，但是，相对比而言"等，粗略估计，全文完成下来可以达到15个以上的路标词，不仅承接了全文，结构清晰明了，而且也为时间紧张下的写作减轻了不少字数压力。
以下为整理的常用连接词：1，第一：in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin wi th/ first of all/ first/ firstly2，第二：in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continu e/ second/ secondly3，第三：in the third place/ last but not least/ third/ thirdly4，一方面、另一方面：on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ f or another5，表原因：because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owin g to6，表结果：so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence7，表举例：for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ to illustrate8，表承接：besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what's more/ in addition/ ad ditionally9，表转折：but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless10，表比较对比：to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/ on the contrary当然，仅仅依靠连接词是不足以表明全文的连贯性的，适当的添加过渡句也是很好的承接手段，如Official Guide To The New TOEFL P263中有一篇关于DISH ONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY 的5分范文中就有出现多处明显的段落过渡句，如第三段首"After stating that everyone's opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling…"用来承接上下两段，以引出自己的观点看法；第五段首"Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, tho ughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of t he opposite…"等都明显具备良好的过渡功能，让全文更加流畅舒服，朗朗上口。
TOFEL作文评分标准
TOFEL作文考试意在衡量考生对书面英语的历届、组织和运用各种英语句型、词汇来阐明自己的观点及理由的能力。
TOEFL作文的评分采取全面评判的形式，即重点考核总体的表达效果，而不过分用语法上的标准来细究结构、拼写、边点和词汇用法之类的错误。
考生会因文章整体表达效果而得分。
一、六分标准：文章切题；阐述充分，即能展开讨论，论据或说明比较充分，文章具有说服力；段落组织有序，衔接紧密、过度自然，有很强的逻辑性；段落内句与句连接顺畅，句式使用恰当、灵活、成熟；用词准确、得体。
文章中可有个别语法和拼写错误，但不影响内容表达。
通篇文章给人的印象是作者有较强的写作能力，在修辞、句法、词汇等方面的英语水平达到了一定的高度。
二、五分标准：文章切题；阐述基本充分，在某些细节上有缺陷；段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密、过度自然、逻辑性强；句子间联系顺畅，句式使用恰当、灵活，有少量语法错误；用词基本得体，有少量用词不当和拼写错误。
文章给人的总体印象是作者有较强的写作能力，英语水平不错，但与六分作文相比，文章的错误略多，作者的语言功底略欠缺。
三、四分标准：文章切题；阐述尚可，展开不够；段落组织有序，衔接紧密，有逻辑性；句子间连接基本顺畅，有部分语法错误；用词一般，有时不得体（如"大词"与"小词"随便使用，缺少文体意识），词性区分和拼写有若干错误。
总体印象是文章框架结构与连贯较好，各方面的错误有一些，英语水平一般化。
四、三分标准：文章切题；段落组织基本合理，有逻辑性，但只存在于语义层次上，语言表层上未能体现；句子框架结构基本成立，但有许多语法错误，句间联系不顺畅，由于不善于使用逻辑连接词显得语言幼稚、生硬；词汇方面拼写错误多，常有词不达意的现象。
总体印象是英语水平不够、写作能力较差，基本的词、词法、句法等功底有限，修辞与文体知识尚未入门，能勉强表达自己，但表达能力收到语言水平的限制。
五、二分标准：文章切题；阐述没有展开，只是局限于三言两语地回答问题；没有段落组织，很乱，文章很短，只有一段；句子排列有一定的逻辑关系，能看出各句的基本框架，但结构或语法错误较多；用词不得体，拼写错误多。
托福独立写作0到5分评分标准全面分享
托福独立写作0到5分评分标准全面分享大家都知道托福写作评分是由电子评分和人工评分综合得出结果的，因此这其中有比较强的主观因素。
下面我就和大家共享托福独立写作0到5分评分标准全面共享，来观赏一下吧。
托福独立写作0到5分评分标准全面共享托福独立写作5分作文评分标准此分数的文章大体有以下特点：有效地针对话题完成任务;能充分绽开，结构清楚，使用适当的解释，例证和/或细节;体现出全都、递进、连贯的特点;语言娴熟，能使用不同的句法、合适的措辞和习语，允许消失次要的词汇或语法错误。
托福独立写作4分作文评分标准此分数的文章大体有一下的特点：很好地针对话题完成任务，但是一些论点没有充分绽开;总体上能够充分绽开，结构清楚，使用适当的解释、例证和/或细节体现出全都、递进、连贯的特点。
但是存在间或没必要的重复、离题或是不清晰的联系;语言娴熟，能使用出不同的句法和词汇。
但是在结构、词汇、或是习惯用法上存在明显的次要错误，尽管这些错误并不影响意思的表达。
托福独立写作3分作文评分标准此分数的文章有以下问题：针对话题完成任务时所用的解释、例证和/或细节没有充分绽开;体现全都、递进、连贯的特点，但是间或消失观点的联系不清;造句和选词的不熟识使得文章缺乏清楚度，并且间或使意思含混不清;句式结构和词汇使用精确但是存在局限性。
托福独立写作2分作文评分标准此分数的文章有以下不足：针对话题完成任务时论点绽开有限;结构不太清楚或论点之间的联系不充分;支持或是阐述论点时所使用的解释、例证和/和细节不合适或不充分;存在明显的选词和/或拼写错误;句子结构和/或用法上存在大量的错误。
托福独立写作1分作文评分标准此得分的作文存在以下严峻缺陷：文章严峻缺乏组织和绽开;细节很少，或根本没有、或不相关、或是完成任务是存在很大的问题;句子结构或用法存在严峻又频繁的错误。
托福独立写作0分作文评分标准仅仅是从题目中抄句子，拒绝针对话题写作，或所写和话题根本无关，或用其他语言写作，或文中只包括无意义的键盘符号，或是什么也不写。
英语托福作文评分标准及评分细则
英语托福作文评分标准及评分细则对于那些准备托福考试，一心想要在作文部分取得高分的小伙伴们来说，了解托福作文的评分标准和细则那可是至关重要的！今天，咱就来好好唠唠这个事儿。
先来说说整体的评分思路哈。
托福作文评分可不是像咱小时候老师打分，就看个对错、字数啥的。
人家那可是综合考量多个方面，从内容的充实度、语言的运用、组织结构，到语法错误等等，都在人家的考察范围内。
咱先讲讲内容这一块。
比如说，有这么一位同学写了一篇托福作文。
他的主题是关于“环境保护是否应该成为全球首要任务”。
要是他只是在那泛泛而谈，说什么“保护环境很重要，大家都要行动起来”，然后就没了下文，那这内容指定不咋地。
但要是他能细细地给你分析，比如说先讲讲目前环境恶化的现状，像什么某些地方的森林被大量砍伐啦，河流被严重污染啦，动物栖息地遭到破坏啦。
接着再深入地探讨一下环境问题对经济发展、人类健康的具体影响。
然后呢，提出一些切实可行的解决办法，比如推广可再生能源的使用，加强环保教育等等。
这样内容丰富、有深度、有细节的文章，才能在内容这一项上拿到高分。
再来说说语言运用。
这可不光是说单词背得多、语法掌握得好就行。
举个例子，还是那篇关于环保的作文。
如果只是单调地重复一些常见的单词和句型，像“With the development of society” “It is important to”这样的，那读起来可就太乏味了。
但要是能用上一些生动形象的表达，比如说“The environment is crying out for our protection” （环境在迫切地呼唤我们的保护），或者“We sho uld take concrete actions instead of just paying lip service” （我们应该采取实际行动，而不仅仅是嘴上说说），再加上一些恰如其分的俗语、习语，那这文章瞬间就变得鲜活起来了。
而且，用词的准确性也很重要。
托福独立写作多少分评分标准
托福独立写作多少分评分标准托福考试分为4部分，写作是其中一部分，占据的分数是多少分?下面就是店铺给大家整理的托福独立写作分数，希望对你有用!托福独立写作部分分数2项(1项根据特定观点，独立展开论述;1项结合所读或所听展开论述)。
时间：50分钟(独立论述文30分钟;结合所读所听文20分钟)。
分数：换算为0—30分。
托福作文评分标准托福独立写作的评分标准和综合写作的评分标准有些区别，主要托福独立写作的评分可以从4点来看：标准1：well organized and well developed逻辑条理清楚，发展充分。
标准2：uses specific details and examples to support your view论据一定要具体、明确，且对论点有支持作用，不能空洞和泛泛而谈。
标准3：effectively addresses the writing topic and task.要求考生有效地阐明主题，千万不要跑题。
标准4：displays language facility by demonstrating syntactic variety, word choice and idiom.通过谴词造句和习惯表达来展示语言的熟练程度。
看了上面的官方要求的托福写作的评分标准，大家或许就会问了，平时我们在看到官网上的出成绩时会出现像：limited、fair、good等字样，那么这个成绩是如何办公室的呢?最后成绩又是如何转化为我们所知道的托福写作的成绩呢?(托福写作满分30分。
)这里有一个分数对照表，希望对大家有帮助。
1-2分：limited2.00 141.75 121.50 111.25 101.00 82.5-3.5分：fair3.50 223.25 213.00 202.75 182.50 172.25 154-5分：good• 5.00 304.75 294.50 284.25 274.00 253.75 24托福考试结构及各部分分数考试结构：主要考试内容有听力、口语、写作、阅读。
托福独立写作从Fair到Good，你知道你还差些什么吗
托福独立写作从Fair到Good，你知道你还差些什么吗为了提高大家的托福写作水平，成就大家的留学梦想，下面小编给大家带来托福独立写作从Fair到Good，你知道你还差些什么吗？一起来看吧！托福独立写作从Fair到Good，你知道你还差些什么吗?很多同学都将托福成绩破百定为目标，如果想让总成绩达到100+，那么每部分成绩就不能少于25分。
而写作想要有25分及以上，那就意味着独立写作的评分必须达到Good!多数人其实并不知晓这所谓的“Good”到底是怎么样的评分标准，只知道作文要写的切题、主题明确，语句多样化等，写的“好”了，就会盖上了Good的印章。
然而事实总是残酷的，从Fair到Good在你看来也许是一步之遥，但如果你不知道这之间的差距，那可能就是一道天堑!独立写作Fair到Good的差距我们来看看托福OG的评分标准，OG评分标准中，详细列举了从5分到1分每个分数段的评分标准，下面是OG的独立写作5分标准：1. Effectively addresses the topic and task2. Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details3. Displays unity, progression, and coherence4. Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors。
总结大意就是，想要拿到五分，你得符合这些标准：1.文章要完全切题;2.文章的结构和展开论述需要组织的很完美，并且能适当运用一些恰当的例子或者细节来支持观点;3.文章结构连贯，主题统一;4.文章中要体现出对语言的灵活运用，使用不同的句法，词汇运用得当，可容许有一定的词汇和语法错误。
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托福独立写作评分标准
5分
✓Effectively addresses the topic and task
✓Well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and or details
✓Displays unity, progression, and coherence
✓Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors
4分
✓Addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated
✓Generally well organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explorations, exemplifications, and or details
✓Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression, or unclear connections
✓Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety and range of vocabulary, though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning
3分
✓Addresses the topic and task using somewhat developed explanations, exemplifications, and or details
✓Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connection of ideas may be occasionally obscured
✓May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning
✓May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary
2分
✓Limited development in response to the topic and task
✓Inadequate organization or connection of ideas
✓Inappropriate or insufficient exemplifications, explanations, or details to support or illustrate generalizations in response to the task
✓ A noticeably inappropriate choice of words or word forms
✓An accumulation of errors in sentence structure and/or usage
1分
✓Serious disorganization or underdevelopment
✓Little or no detail, or irrelevant specifics, or questionable responsiveness to the task
✓Serious and frequent errors in sentence structure or usage。