动名词语法整理归纳
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7. 我们期待着来中国。
We are looking forward to coming to China.
-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和 表语的用法
一、-ing形式作定语
1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位
于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表
示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可
以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。
2. That was the problem facing
Charlie Chaplin in one of his most
famous films. 作定语 3. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. 作介词宾语 4.Their job is “panning for gold”. 作表语
We found the snake eating the eggs.
我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working
the whole night.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2 表原因状语
（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词所表 示的动作同时发生，用现在分词的一般式
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (=Because/As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
3 表结果状语
Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最 受欢迎的歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song _____________________________ .
听见和进入两个动作同时发生。 2.The building being built now is our new library. being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示 动作正在进行之中。 3.Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。
2）当主句转换为被动结构时,
原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing
形式便转换为主语补足语。如：
They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。
（2）现在分词表示的动作在谓语动词所表 示的动作之前发生，用现在分词的完成式
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
• Having smoked too much, one of my friends suffered from cancer. (=Because he had smoked too much, one of my friends suffered from cancer.
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语 的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动 词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：
We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. I didn’t notice him waiting.
3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后 用-ing形式和动词不定式 (省略to) 作宾语补足语的区别：
① 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词 不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式 则表示反复动作。 We heard the door slam. （一次动作） We heard the door slamming. （反复动作）
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚 款。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river
3. 等在这里是没用的。 It's no use waiting here. 4. 这样的事是不能开玩笑的。 There is no joking about such matters. 5. 我禁不住笑了起来。 I couldn’t help laughing. 6. 你的大衣需要洗一下。
Your coat needs cleaning.
a surprising result = a result that is surprising一个惊人的结果
2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放 在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在 意思上当于一个定语从句。如：
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.
Exercises
Point out the usage of the –ing form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? 作宾语补足语
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间 存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常 常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、 条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不 用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表 目的状语）。
1. 表时间状语
（1）现在分词所表示的动作刚发生，谓语动词表示 的动词随之发生，可用其一般式（doing）作状语
5. Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even worse off. 作结果状语 6. Having finished their homework, the boys went out to play. 作时间状语 7. Not knowing her address, I might telephone her to come over. 作原因状语
will be fined.
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非 限制定语，相当于一个非限制 性定语从句，这时，它与句子 其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北 京。
动词-ing做状语
动词-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词 和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在 主动关系。但要注意它的各种形式变化： 主动形式 一般式 V-ing 被动形式 being V-ed having been V-ed
完成式 having V-ed
1.Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
V-ing form
Revision
-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. 吸烟会致癌。 Smoking may cause cancer.
2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。 如：
I won’t have you doing that.
This set me thinking.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
I can’t get the clock going again. You won’t catch me doing that again.
(=While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)
（3） 现在分词所表示的动作完成之后， 谓语动词表示的动作才发生，用现在分词 的完成式（having done）作状语
• Having finished their homework, the boys went out to play. • (= After they had finished their homework, the boys went out to play.)
②前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示 （或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。 We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师
正在做实验）
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
二、-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在 进行的主动性的动作，强调一个 过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个 陌生人站在大门口。
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
三、-ing形式作表语
-ing形式作表语时放在系动词 之后，用来泛指某种动作或行 为，以说明主语的身份、性质 或情况。如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
Arriving in Kunming, I lost my way. (=When I arrived in Kunming, I lost my way.)
（2） 谓语动词表示的动作就发生在现在分词所表示 的动作的过程中，可在现在分词前加上when或while
While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台
We are looking forward to coming to China.
-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和 表语的用法
一、-ing形式作定语
1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位
于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表
示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可
以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。
2. That was the problem facing
Charlie Chaplin in one of his most
famous films. 作定语 3. He loved it by using nonverbal humor. 作介词宾语 4.Their job is “panning for gold”. 作表语
We found the snake eating the eggs.
我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working
the whole night.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2 表原因状语
（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词所表 示的动作同时发生，用现在分词的一般式
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (=Because/As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (=As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
3 表结果状语
Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最 受欢迎的歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song _____________________________ .
听见和进入两个动作同时发生。 2.The building being built now is our new library. being built为现在分词的被动形式，表示 动作正在进行之中。 3.Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。
2）当主句转换为被动结构时,
原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing
形式便转换为主语补足语。如：
They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying. 这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。 We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting. 千万不能让他们等。
（2）现在分词表示的动作在谓语动词所表 示的动作之前发生，用现在分词的完成式
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
• Having smoked too much, one of my friends suffered from cancer. (=Because he had smoked too much, one of my friends suffered from cancer.
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语 的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动 词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：
We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. I didn’t notice him waiting.
3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后 用-ing形式和动词不定式 (省略to) 作宾语补足语的区别：
① 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词 不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式 则表示反复动作。 We heard the door slam. （一次动作） We heard the door slamming. （反复动作）
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚 款。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river
3. 等在这里是没用的。 It's no use waiting here. 4. 这样的事是不能开玩笑的。 There is no joking about such matters. 5. 我禁不住笑了起来。 I couldn’t help laughing. 6. 你的大衣需要洗一下。
Your coat needs cleaning.
a surprising result = a result that is surprising一个惊人的结果
2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放 在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在 意思上当于一个定语从句。如：
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.
Exercises
Point out the usage of the –ing form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? 作宾语补足语
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间 存在主动关系。现在分词作状语，常 常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、 条件、伴随状况等。现在分词一般不 用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表 目的状语）。
1. 表时间状语
（1）现在分词所表示的动作刚发生，谓语动词表示 的动词随之发生，可用其一般式（doing）作状语
5. Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even worse off. 作结果状语 6. Having finished their homework, the boys went out to play. 作时间状语 7. Not knowing her address, I might telephone her to come over. 作原因状语
will be fined.
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非 限制定语，相当于一个非限制 性定语从句，这时，它与句子 其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北 京。
动词-ing做状语
动词-ing在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词 和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在 主动关系。但要注意它的各种形式变化： 主动形式 一般式 V-ing 被动形式 being V-ed having been V-ed
完成式 having V-ed
1.Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom.
V-ing form
Revision
-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. 吸烟会致癌。 Smoking may cause cancer.
2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。 如：
I won’t have you doing that.
This set me thinking.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
I can’t get the clock going again. You won’t catch me doing that again.
(=While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.)
（3） 现在分词所表示的动作完成之后， 谓语动词表示的动作才发生，用现在分词 的完成式（having done）作状语
• Having finished their homework, the boys went out to play. • (= After they had finished their homework, the boys went out to play.)
②前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示 （或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。 We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师
正在做实验）
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
二、-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在 进行的主动性的动作，强调一个 过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个 陌生人站在大门口。
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验）
三、-ing形式作表语
-ing形式作表语时放在系动词 之后，用来泛指某种动作或行 为，以说明主语的身份、性质 或情况。如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
Arriving in Kunming, I lost my way. (=When I arrived in Kunming, I lost my way.)
（2） 谓语动词表示的动作就发生在现在分词所表示 的动作的过程中，可在现在分词前加上when或while
While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
如：
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台