2007托福全真测试题

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托福备考-1月托福阅读全真试题

(C)Distinguished
(D)Helped
5.What was the subject of Joyce Carol Oates's first novel?
(A)Loneliness
(B)Inanity
(C)Teaching
(D)Racing
6.Why does the author mention Oates's book Them?
7.Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write?
(A)A story with an unhappy ending
(B)A romancer novel set in the nineteenth century
Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of thers. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall(1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. IN Them(1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the notes of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.

TOEFL全真试题

TOEFL全真试题为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理了托福练习试题,下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

TOEFL全真试题1Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat inwhich it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题2Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, oftendistorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelledby them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited (D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题31. A microscope can reveal vastly ______detail than is visible to the naked eye.(A) than(B) than more(C) more than(D) more 2. Narcissus bulbs ______ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drained soil.(A) should be planted(B) to plant(C) must planting(D) should plant 3. Industrialization has been responsible for ______ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humans.(A) a (B) the(C) some of which (D) which are the 4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land ______ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit(B) without permitting(C) nor permitting(D) do not permit 5. Color and light, taken together, ______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.(A) very powerfully influence (B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully very influence(D) influence powerfully very 6. ______ that Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely(B) Likely to be(C) It is likely(D) Likely7. Total color blindness, ______, is the result of a defect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that(B) a rare condition(C) that a rare condition (D) is a rare condition8. ______ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the world.(A) Even(B) But(C) Although (D) So9. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ______ in various forms.(A) abundant (B) the abundance(C) an abundant(D) it abundantTOEFL全真试题4Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes. Structure 1 Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by______ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch (B) watching (C) watched (D) watch 2 Thomas Edison s first patented invention was a device ____in Congress.(A) votes counted for (B) had been counting votes (C) for counting votes (D) be a counted vote3 Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1992 s,retired______she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless (B) in spite of (C) because (D) and for4 Built in 1882,the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058-foot length.(A) who (B) to whom (C) which they (D) that which5 A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people and vehicles that use it.(A) as well (B) so well (C) as well as (D) so well as6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each spring.(A) to returned (B) who returned (C) they returned (D) for returning7 In the fourteenth century, ____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery (B) it was discovered (C) with the discovery (D) if it was discovered8 _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A) When (B) Whereas (C) Which (D) Whether9 Many modem photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) than light is (B) than light (C) being light (D) light 10 For any adhesive to make a really strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely or grease.(A) and surfaces (B) when surfaces (C) the surfaces (D) surfaces that11 Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island.(A) brought (B) to be brought (C) being brought (D) is being brought12 _____unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) Fora star to become (B) how a star becomes (C) A star becomes(D) That a star is becoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860_____hard-wearing, easy-to-clean flooring.(A) any house did have (B) did any house have (C) house had any (D) any house had14 Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he was elected in 1870.(A) which (B) to which (C) and which (D) being which15 Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) to constantly flow into them (B) is constantly flowing into them (C) constantly flows into them (D) constantly flowing into them Written Expression16 Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein,__________ _____ _____A B C a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself.______D17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color._____ _____ _____ ______ A B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York metropolitan Opera, where her became_________ ___ A B C the star soprano.__D19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites.___ ___ ________ ______ A B C D20 Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate of farms____has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets._______ ________ ____ A B C D21 The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as ________ _____uniquely, innovative, and valuable._________ A B C D22 Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages _ ___________________of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.__________A B C D23 Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism in a____ _______ ______ _____ A B C D given poem.24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops.______ ___ _____ ____ A B C D25 The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commerciallyas bay leaves and are used for___________ ____ __ A B C seasoning foods.____D26 When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound.___ _____ _______ ____ A B C D27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of______ ______ _ ____ A B C D these adaptations.28 In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General, launched several programs to______ _____ A B address particulate problem that young people have.______ ______ C D29 Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible, _______ ________ A B and competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieve. _______ ________ C D30 The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve a________ ______ A B C carefully chosen goal.______D31 As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms._____ ______ _ ______ A B C D32 Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for many_____ ______ _______ A B C years, ceramics and glassware, although easily broken, survive well in the ground._____ D33 Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child-rearing, personality, and_____ _____ ________ A B C culture._____D34 The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for the_______ _____________ ____ A B C treatment of infectious diseases until 1940._______D35 In the United States, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen by ____ _______ __________ _____ A B C D the President to head an executive department of the government.36 Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the________ ____ A B American Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demands._____ ______ C D37 Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant material into ____ ____________ A B elements usable byplants.______ _____ C D38 Ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.__ ____ ___ ______ A B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenth century.__________________ ____ __________ A B C D40 Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influences on ________ _______ A B C education and thought in the United States and elsewhere.___ D。

2007年托福考试全真试题测试3

28. In the second paragraph, the author implies that using radio transmitters would allow a researcher who studies crow to(A) identify individual crows(B) follow flocks of crows over long distances(C) record the times when crows are most active(D) help crows that become sick or injured29. According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true about crows?(A) They seldom live in any one place for very long.(B) They thrive in a wide variety of environments.(C) They have marked preferences for certain kinds of foods.(D) They use up the resources in one area before moving to another.30. In line 19,the word "inclinations" is closest in meaning to(A) tricks(B) opportunities(C) preferences(D) experiences31. In lines 19-21, the author mentions a pet crow to illustrate which of the following?(A) The clever ways that crows solve problems(B) The differences between pet crows and wild crows(C) The ease with which crows can be tamed(D) The affection that crows show to other creatures32. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?(A) Crows have relatively long lives.(B) Crows have keen vision(C) Crows are usually solitary(D) Crows are very intelligent.QUESTIONS 33-41In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and Charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United States Congress permitted local postmasters to give letters to mail carriers for home delivery, but these carriers received no government salary and their entire compensation depended on what theywere paid by the recipients of individual letters. In 1847 the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semilegal, they thrived, and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had. Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. Th e rest, nearly three-quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.33. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The increased use of private mail services(B) The development of a government postal system(C) A comparison of urban and rural postal services(D) The history of postage stamps.34. The word "varied" in line 2 could best be replaced by(A) increased(B) differed(C) returned(D) started35. Which of the following was seen as a disadvantage of the postage stamp?(A) It had to be purchased by the sender in advance.(B) It increased the cost of mail delivery.(C) It was difficult to affix to letters.(D) It was easy to counterfeit.36. Why does the author mention the city of Philadelphia in line 9?(A) It was the site of the first post office in the United States.(B) Its postal service was inadequate for its population.(C) It was the largest city in the United States in 1847.(D) It was commemorated by the first United States postage stamp.37. The word "cumbersome" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) burdensome(B) handsome(C ) loathsome(D) quarrelsome38. The word "they" in line 15 refers to(A) Boston and Philadelphia(B) businesses(C) arrangements(D) letters39. The private postal services of the nineteenth century claimed that they could do which of the following better than the government?(A) Deliver a higher volume of mail.(B) Deliver mail more cheaply.(C) Deliver mail faster.(D) Deliver mail to rural areas.40. In 1863 the United States government began providing which of the following to mail carriers?(A) A salary(B) Housing(C) Transportation(D) Free postage stamps41. The word "Confined" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) granted(B) scheduled(C) limited(D) recommendedQuestions 43-50Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has been called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans. Back in the 1930’s and 1940’s, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take a back seat to architects. The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by 1950’s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments., where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to Americanhistory remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread.。

2007年12月英语四级考试全真预测试题及解析

2007 年12 月英语四级考试全真预测试题及解析Model Test OnePart I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2. 需要花时间去选择职业。

3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。

Choosing an OccupationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a "ghost ship" sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a recedi ng sea. Thenimagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spew ing them across tow ns and villages.Seemlike a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it's all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the riversthat flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide waterfor)farmla nd. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its origi nal size, stra nding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killi ng all 24 n ative species of fish.Similar large scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world havealso ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many coun tries con ti nue to build massive dams and irrigati on systems, even though such projects can create more problems tha n they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will n eed more water in the n ext cen tury."Growing populations will worsen problems with water," says Peter H. Gleick, an environmen tal scie ntist at the Pacific In stitute for studies in Developme nt, Environment, and Security, a research orga ni zati on in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world's projected 8.3 billi on peoplewill suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and grow ing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny perce ntage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in whichwater evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Someprecipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and somebecomes groundwater, water thatseeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the world's population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater-about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already."If water demand continues to climb rapidly," says Postel, "there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment."Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the UnitedStates. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areasthat rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground).Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere so contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dumpraw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 milli on people a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed coun tries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compo unds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water whe n released un treated into rivers and lakes. (Certa in compo un ds, such as polychlori nated biphe ny Is, or PCBs, have bee n banned in the Un ited States.)But almost every one con tributes to water polluti on. People ofte n pour householdclea ners, car an tifreeze, and paint thinners dow n the drain; All of these contain hazardous chemicals.Scie ntists study ing water in the San Fran cisco Bay reported in1996 that 70 perce nt of the polluta nts could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicalsthat kill weeds and in sects but in sects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use n itrates, n itroge n rich fertilizer that helps pla nts grow but that can wreakhavoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas.Too many n itrates "over en rich" these bodies of water, en couragi ng the buildup of algae, or microscopic pla nts that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What's the Solutio n?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water related problems; governments, for instanee, would be better off building small scale damsrather tha n huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea."More than 1 billion people worldwide don't have access to basic clean drinking water," says Gleick. "There has to be a strong push on the part of every one gover nments and ordinary people-to make sure we have a resource so fun dame ntal to life."1. That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shri nk.2. The con struct ion of massive dams and irrigati on projects does more good tha n harm.3. The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution.4. The problems America ns face concerning water are ground water shri nkage and tap water polluti on.5. Accord ing to the passage all water polluta nts come from household waste.6. The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages.7. Water expert Gleick has come up with the best soluti on to water related problems.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world's people will suffer from water shortages.9. Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.1O.ln developed coun tries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Liste ning Comprehe nsion(35 minu tes)Sectio n ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and[D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A]Wait for the sale to start. [B]Get further information about the sale.[C]Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true. [D]Buy a new suit.12. [A]He doesn't think that John is ill.[B] He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.[C] He is aware that John is ill.[D]He doesn't think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13. [A]Before six. [B]At six. [C]After six. [D]After seven.14. [A]It is bigger. [B]It is of a prettier color.[C]It has a larger yard. [D]It is brighter.15. [A]Australian and American. [B]Guest and host.[C]Husband and wife. [D]Professor and student.16. [A]1 : 30 [B]11 : 00 [C]9 : 30 [D]10 : 0017. [A]He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.[B] He prefers staying at home because he doesn't like to travel.[C] He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.[D] He prefers traveling with the woman.18. [A]He thinks she should visit her cousin.[B] Her cousin doesn't visit very often.[C] Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.[D]He doesn't think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A]Two different types of bones in the human body.[B] How bones help the body move.[C] How bones continuously repair themselves.[D]The chemical composition of human bones.20. [A]They defend the bone against viruses.[B] They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.[C] They break down bone tissue.[D] They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21. [A]They have difficulty identifying these cells.[B] They aren't sure how these cells work.[C] They've learned how to reproduce these cells.[D] They've found similar cells in other species.22. [A]To learn how to prevent a bone disease.[B] To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.[C] To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.[D] To create artificial bone tissueQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A]A new fuel for buses. [B]The causes of air pollution.[C]A way to improvefuel efficiency in buses. [D]Careers in engineering. 24. [A]Her car is being repaired. [B]She wants to help reduce pollution.[C]Parking is difficult in the city. [D]The cost of fuel has increased.25. [A]A fuel that burns cleanly.[B] An oil additive that helps cool engines.[C] A material from which filters are made.[D] An insulating material sprayed on engine parts.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].Then mark the corresponding letter environmentalonAnswer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A]From three to five months. [B]Three months.[C]Five months. [D]Four months.27. [A]Watch traffic. [B]Obey commands.[C]Cross streets safely. [D]Guard the door.28. [A]Three weeks. [B]Two weeks. [C]Four weeks. [D]Five weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A]Two to four times. [B]Four to six times.[C]Four to eight times. [D]Six to ten times.30. [A]Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.[B]People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.[C]People became angry easily because they didn't take sleeping pills.[D] Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31. [A]People dream so as to sleep better.[B] People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.[C] Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.[D] Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. [A]A sales representative. [B]A store manager.[C]A committee chairperson. [D]A class president.33. [A]To determine who will graduate this year.[B]To discuss the seating arrangement.[C]To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.[D]To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34. [A]Their names, phone numbers and job preference.[B]The names and addresses of their guests.[C]The names of the committee they worked on last year.[D]Their dormitory name, address and phone number.35. [A]In an hour. [B]Next week.[C]In one month. [D]Next year.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. Whenthe passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in you own words. Finally, when the passageis read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the English (36)system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)or (39)shown on the eleven-plus would have (40)if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)for the Ordinary (43)of the General Certificate ofEducation. (44). Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two-thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45). Even at the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46).Part IV Readi ng Comprehe nsion (Readi ng in Depth)(25 mi nu tes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarterof the 20th century. 47 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street.Main Street was always the heart of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the openspaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 52 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 53 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.[A] designed [F]convenience [K]cosmetics[B] take [G]services [L]started[C] Early [H]fame [M]downtown[D] Attracted [I]various [N]available[E] though [J] popularity [O]cheapnessSection BDirectio ns: There are 2 passages in this secti on. Each passage is followed by some questi ons or unfini shed stateme nts. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2 with a sin gle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestio ns 57 to 61 are based on the follow ing passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patter ns characteristic of the members of a give n society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: Ianguage, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, tech no logy, educati on, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factualand interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learn ed; its in terpretati on comes on ly through experie nee.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot lear n culture one has to live it. Two schools of thoughtexist in the bus in ess world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that bus in ess is bus in ess the world around, follow ing the model of Pepsi and McDon ald's. In some cases, globalizati on is a fact of life; however, cultural differe nces are still far from con verg ing.The other school proposes that compa nies must tailor bus in ess approaches to in dividual cultures. Setti ng up policies and procedures in each country has bee n compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptanee orrejectio n. The major challe nge to the intern ati onal man ager is to make sure that reject ion is not a result of cultural myopia or even bli ndn ess.Fortune exam ined the intern ati onal performa nee of a doze n large compa nies that earn 20 perce nt or more of their revenue overseas. The intern ati on ally successfulcompanies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basicbusiness principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A] All international managers can learn culture.[B] Business diversity is not necessary.[C] Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.[D] Most people do not know foreign culture well.58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi.[A] is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.[B] is different from the model of McDonald's[C] shows the reverse of globalization[D]has converged cultural differences59. The two schools of thought.[A] both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures[B] both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries[C] admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world[D] Both A and B60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those.[A] who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity[B] who have connections to more than one type of culture[C] who want to travel abroad[D] who want to run business on International Scale61. According to Fortune, successful international companies.[A] earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas[B] all have the quality of patience[C] will follow the overseas local cultures[D] adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can't stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey.A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it's a game better suited to the 19th century, slow,quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the samepeople you may be one of them who love football because there's the sport that glorifies "the hit".By con trast, baseball seems abstract, cool, sile nt, still.On TV the gameis fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is esse ntial to un dersta nding it. You will con templatethe game from one point as a pain ter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this project ion that the game affords so much spaceand time for in volveme nt. The TV won't do it for you.Take, for example, the third basema n. You sit behi nd the third base dugout and you watch him watch ing home plate. His legs are apart, kn ees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happe ns every time the pitcher throws: the third basema n goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he gla nces across the field to check his first baseman's position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. "Nothing happe ned," you say. "I could have had my eyes closed."The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooththe dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If footballis a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious in terlock ing of no tes, chores and resp on ses.62. The passage is mai nly concerned with .[A] the differe nt tastes of people for sports [B]the differe nt characteristics of sports[C]the attraction of football [D]the attraction of baseball63. Those who don't like baseball may compla in that.[A]it is only to the taste of the old [B]it involves fewer players than football[C]it is not exciting enough [D]it is pretentious and looks funny64. The author admits that.[A]baseball is too peaceful for the young [B]baseball may seem boring when watched on TV[C]football is more attracting than baseball [D]baseball is more interesting than football65. By stating "I could have had my eyes closed." the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).[A]The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game[B] Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to the result[C] The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well[D] The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it66. We can safely conclude that the author.[A]likes football [B]hates football [C]hates baseball [D]likes baseballPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. Youshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations?How did the critics like the new play? 67 an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets 68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to 69 the news.Newspapers have one basic 70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 71 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 72 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 74 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers 76 of the latest news, today's newspapers 77 and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very79 .News papers is sold at a price that 80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 82 in selling advertising depends on a newspaper's value to advertisers. This 83 in terms of circulation. Howmany people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 84 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 85 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper'svalue to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world and even outer space.67. [A] Just when [B] While [C] Soon after [D] Before68. [A] to give [B] giving [C] given [D] being given69. [A] gather [B] spread [C] carry [D] bring70. [A] reason [B] cause [C] problem [D] purpose71. [A] make [B] publish [C] know [D] write72. [A] another [B]other [C] one another [D] the other精品文档资料，适用于企业管理从业者，供大家参考，提高大家的办公效率。

2007年GCT全国统一考试英语全真试题试卷.doc

2007年GCT全国统一考试英语全真试题试卷[真题] 120词汇语法第1题：Living things can sense and_____changes in their surroundings.A.decide onB.make upC.lead toD.respond to第2题：Some persons_____fishing simply for fun.A.makeB.enjoyC.seekD.feel第3题：In space, _____and equipment need many forms of protection.A.pilotsB.engineersC.astronautsD.scientists第4题：Sometimes, artists paint for their own enjoyment or self-expression, choosing their own subjects.A.primarilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantlyD.generously第5题：Minimum wage is the_____amount of money per hour that an employer may legally pay a worker．A.smallestB.fewC.leastD.little第6题：_____the flood．the ship would have reached itS destinadon on time．A.In case ofB.But forC.As ofD.In spite of第7题：Without sun's light_____the earth’s surface，no life could exist on the earth．A.warmsB.warmedC.to warmD.warming第8题：When we arrived at the airport，we were told our flight_____．A.had been cancelledB.had cancelledC.has been lcelledD.cancelledoeen cancelled第9题：Kathy hopes to become a friend of_____shares her bitterness and happiness．A.whomeverB.whateverC.whoeverD.whichever第10题：The coalrm wearing now costs about_____of that one hung over there．A.twice priceB.twice the priceC.the twice priceD.the price twice阅读理解Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:In the fall 2006, the National Basketball Association (NBA) started using basketballs made with synthetic. or manmade material instead of leather. They made the switch because they wanted every 'basketball they use to feel and bounce the smt: However, some players complained right away that the new balls bounced differently andwere actually harder to control than lealher ones. Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban asked for help the Department of Physics at the University of Texas. The scientists investigated friction that affects the ability of a player to hold onto a ball. "The greater the friction, the better it will stick to his hanD." explains Horwitz, one of the physicists who worked on the project.Tests on both wet and dry balls showed that while the plastic ball was easier to grip when dry, it had less friction and became much harder to hold onto when wet. That's because sweating stays on the surface of the synthetic balls but gets absorbed into the leather balls-an important detail for sweaty athletes.In January．the NBA went back to use the traditional leather balls．They aren’t perfect，but for now．that’s just the way the ball bounces．第11题：The NBA started using synthetic basketballs instead of leather ones because_____.A.NBA players had used the leather balls for too long a timeB.NBA officials wanted a switch with which to start a reformC.they emphasized that synthetic materials arc manmadeD.they wanted every basketball to feel and bounce the same第12题：How did some NBA players respond tO the switch to synthetic balls?A.They felt that the new balls were worse than the leather balls．B.They thought differently about the leather balls．C.They felt much more comlbrtable wich the synthetic balls．D.Thcy believed the new balls woulD.soon be replaced．第13题：Which of the following contributes to the better contr01 of the balls?A.Stronger'affection．B.More ownership．C.Greater friction．D.Fewer jnvescigacjons．第14题：When is it harder for all NBA player to hold onto a synthetic ball?A.When sweating sticks'to the ball．B.When the balliS wetted bv water．C.When tests are done on lhe ball．D.When the ball is dried with a towel．第15题：In the last paragraph，"that's just the way the ball bounces，"probably meansA.tradition offers the best choiceB.the NBA made a mistakeC.the ball bounces as best it canD.the bali bounces perfectlyQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:A mother dolphin (海豚) chats with her baby over the telephone! They were in separate tanks connected by a special underwater audio link. "It seemed clear that they knew who they were talking with," says Don White, whose Project Delphis ran the experiment. But what were they saying?Scientists think dolphins "talk" about everything from basic facts like their age to their emotional state. "I speculate that they say things like 'there are some good fish over here,'or 'watch out for that shark because he's hunting,'" says Denis Herzing, who studies dolphins in the Bahamas.Deciphering (译解) "dolphin speak" is also tricky because their language is so dependent on what they're doing, whether they're playing, fighting, or going after lasty fish.During fights, for example, dolphins clap (碰撞) their jaws to say "Back off!" But their jaws clap while playing, too, as if to show who's king of the underwater playground.第16题：How did the mother dolphin talk with her baby over the telephone?A.Two connected tanks were ,separated for the talk.B.A clear voice could be heard in the two separate tanks,C.Both the mother dolphin and the baby knew each other.D.A special underwater audio link was set up for the talk.第17题：Dolphins seem to talk to each other about any of the following EXCEPT_____.A.their ageB.audio linkC.food sourcesD.their emotional state第18题：Why is it challenging to interpret "dolphins speak"!A.Because playing and fighting are part of dolphins' life.B.Because dolphins like to talk about their language.C.Because dolphins' language heavily relies on their actions,D.Because tasty fish are difficult for dolphins to catch.第19题：A dolphin might be saying"_____" when it claps its jaws.A.Go back to your home!B.I am the king here!C.Who is playing here?D.Show me who the king is!第20题：When scientists describe dolphins' communicative skills, their tone is ratherA.affirmativeB.negativeC.playfulD.speculativeQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:An American company has started testing a new program aimed at increasing security.Three workers from CitvWatcher. com, a company that provides security camera equipment,have volunteered to be electronically monitored. They will have a silicon chip put inside their arms, The tiny device is the size of a grain of rice and will send out radio signals, These willprovide information to a central monitoring system that will give the workers access to secure areas of the workplace. The chips were originally designed for medical purposes.Sean Darks, CEO of City Watcher, said the chips were like identity cards, lie said the only difference is that they are inserted inside the person's body, He added they are very different from Global Positioning Satellite technology, which allows people's location to be monitoreD. Mr, Darks insisted that they were not dangerous and even decided to have a chip implanted in his own body, However, many people are worried about the issue of privacy,Many believe the technology could be abused and that new laws will have to be made. Mr.Darks said his workers always choose to have the chips removeD.第21题：This passage is mainly aboutA.the test of a new security programB.the increasing security of US companiesC.a new central monitoring systemD.Global Positioning Satellite technology第22题：The three workers from CityWatcher, corn have_____.A.volunteered to provide security camera equipmentB.offered to be monitored in the new security programC.agreed to have silicon chips planted in their brainD.had access to secure areas of their workplace第23题：Which of the following is NOT true about the silicon chips in trial?A.They are as tiny as a grain of rice,B.They will send out radio signals,C.They will be developed for medical uses,D.They function like identity cards,第24题：The chips are different from the Global Positioning Satellite technology in that_____A.they allow people's location to be monitoredB.they are inserted into a person's body as ID cardsC.they provide information to a central monitoring systemD.they bring more danger to the carriers第25题：Many people are worried about the silicon chips becauseA.the new technology may introduce on people's privacyB.they cannot get the implanted chips removedC.the new laws about the technology might be abusedD.they are not assured of the effect of the chipsQuestions 26-30 are based on the following listing:第26题：The above listing is most probably_____.A.an adertisement placed by an airline companyB.a notice placed by an international air committeeC.a ticketing merge provided by a hotline companyD.an information board provided by a travel agency第27题：Which of the following airlines provides the lowest price to Hong Kong?A.Air New Zealand.B.Cathy Pacific Airline,C.China Eastern Airline.D.Atlantic Airline,第28题：if you decide to take a flight to Hanoi, you might have topay_____altogether for the flight.A.￡335B.￡430C.￡395D.￡670第29题：Which of the following choices can help you fly to Beijing at the lowest cost?A.20 Aug 07-13 Nov 07 with Singapore Airline,B.20 Aug 07 0 31 Aug 07 with China Eastern,C.24 Mar 07-312 Mar 07 with Austrian Airline,D.20 Aug-31 Dec 07 with LufthansA.第30题：You can call 0207 484 8925 for more information about_____.A.taxes and chargesB.tickets on other datesC.specially designed group toursD.travel agencies完型填空Jazz, is a kind of music that has often been called the only art from to originate in the United States. The history of__31__began in the late 1800's. The music grew from a___32___of influences, including black American musiC. African rhythms, American band traditions and instruments, and European harmonies and forms, Much of the best jazz is still written and ___33___in the United States.But musicians from many many other countries are___34___major contribution to jazz. Jazz was actually___35___appreciated as an important art form in Europe___36___it gained such recognition in the United States.The earliest jazz was performed by black Americans who had little or no training in Western music. These musicians drew on a strong musical culture from___37___life.As jazz grew___38___popularity, its sound was influenced by___39___with formal training and classical backgrounds. During its history, jazz has absorbed influences from the folk and classical music of AfricA. and other parts of the world. The development of instruments with new and 40 characteristics has also influenced the sound of jazz,第31题：A.artB.musicC.jazzD.form第32题：A.selectionbinationC.assuranceD.emphasis第33题：A.spokenB.shownC.understoodD.performed第34题：A.providingB.seekingC.makingD.remembering第35题：A.restrictivelyB.flexiblyC.slightlyD.widely第36题：A.beforeB.unlessC.howeverD.why第37题：A.whiteB.blackC.yellowD.red第38题：A.oilB.forC.ofD.in第39题：A.musiciansB.audienceC.judgesD.artists第40题：A.similarB.differentC.classifiedD.Western完成对话第41题：Susan:Hi，how are you doing?Mike：l'm doing great．_____?Susan：Not too bad．A.How about youB.WhyC.Is it good for youD.How do you know it第42题：Man:Which way is Aisle 6A?Woman:_____．Man:Great．Thank you．A.In three minutesB.One moment,pleaseC.Two rows that wayD.Don't be SO polite第43题：Speaker A:Thank you very much for inviting US to such a delightful dinner．Speaker B:_____．A.You are so politeB.You aN quite welcomeC.Don’t Use thanksD.Don't be so polite第44题：Mike:I got a job from Dell．John:That’S great news．I'm very happy for you．NHke:Thanks．I feel like celebrating．Let's go have a beer．_____．A.It is rather expensiveB.It's fine todayC.It's your turnD.It's on me第45题：Girl:Are you ready to order?Man:_____Girl：Sure. I'll be back in a moment．A.Do you think I'm ready?B.Yes．I'm ready．C.Are you sure you'll be back?D.Can I have one more minute?第46题：Speaker A:_____?Speaker B: Yes. I'd like to open a savings account.A.Why have you come hereB.What do you want to do, sirC.Do you have anything to do hereD.Can I help you, sir第47题：Paul: Why did you tell the whole world about my past?Jeffrey: _____A.Well, I apologize. I got all excitedB.I guess it doesn't matter that muchC.Oh well, it's done now. I can't helpD.I don't think you should complain第48题：Man: Do I have the pleasure to buy you a drink?Woman:A.It's your pleasureB.You're too nice to meC.It's very kind of youD.You spend money again第49题：Student: Hello, this is Bill Aston. I'd like to speak to Professor Mailer, pleaseAssistant:_____A.Who is speaking over there?B.Sorry, he is not available at the moment.C.Can you tell me who you are?D.There's no one here by that name.第50题：Cindy: Thanks for all your help.Joe: No problem. Have a good day!Cindy:_____.Thanks again.Bye.A.I willB.You tooC.It will beD.I think so。

托福全真试题

91-01A1. (A) We heard her name mentioned.(B) Her aim was unclear.(C) It was hard to hear her name.(D) Her name wasn’t here.2. (A) I don’t want a roommate.(B) I have a specific roommate in mind.(C) It’s not a good idea to have a roommate.(D) Having a roommate is all right with me.听力资料汇总3. (A) She didn’t realize she should bring a present.(B) Her present was really very little.(C) Presents are not very important to her.(D) She didn’t know that the present would be for her.4. (A) Could you please close the door?(B) Is the door shut?(C) Did you want the door closed?(D) Why is the door shut?5. (A) We were sorry we couldn’t go to their wedding.(B) The fact that they got married still amazes us.(C) We’re getting married over the holidays.(D) In fact, they almost decided to get married.6. (A) It’s too bad we have so little time together.(B) We shouldn’t see each other so much.(C) All my free time is spent with you.(D) Please don’t spend so much money.7. (A) Although I used to watch television a lot, I hat it now.(B) I enjoy watching television, but not while I’m studying.(C) Many of the used television sets aren’t working now.(D) I can’t find the television stand I usually use.8. (A) This information is correct.(B) This is the right booth.(C) You can write away for the information.(D) You can get information over on the right.9. (A) He heard the noise.(B) He dropped the shelf.(C) He was injured.(D) He went downtown by himself.10. (A) What bus goes along this route?(B) How long should we wait for the bus?(C) This bus ride takes a very long time.(D) This is quite a large bus.iBT新托福听力背景词汇分类大集合11.12.13.14.15.16.17. (A) Jane walked right by the painting.(B) Does Jane really wish to purchase that painting?(C) Jane once bought that painting.(D) Does Jane want me to purchase her painting?(A) Henry sold his watch to Russ.(B) Henry bought a watch for Russ exactly like his.(C) Russ kept Henry’s watch for himself.(D) Russ got a watch just like Henry’s(A) What time is it?(B) Does it matter what time you come?(C) Please try to be prompt.(D) You must write the letter soon.(A) Carol did better than anyone else.(B) Carol learned more than her score indicates.(C) Carol told us about her grade.(D) Carol earned high wages working in a store.(A) There were quite a few students and teachers.(B) More students than teachers attended.(C) Everyone was counted.(D) The teachers wee excluded.(A) Nobody paused to talk to him.(B) He spoke to no one about the key.(C) He co uldn’t be prevented from speaking.(D) Nobody wanted to stop his talking.(A) These berries grow well.(B) The water isn't rough.(C) She seems very calm.(D) She sees very well.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26. (A) She stopped to feed the ducks.(B) She doesn’t seem to have much luck.(C) She stopped behind the truck.(D) She no longer gives the ducks food.(A) Telling him is a risk.(B) I have to tell him.(C) He told me it was a risk.(D) I’m going to risk not telling him.(A) They think alike.(B) They enjoy outdoor life.(C) They look out for each other.(D) They each have their own life-style.(A) He likes biology enough to continue with it.(B) His grades in science courses are very good.(C) He hasn’t taken enough courses in bio logy.(D) He doesn’t want to take any more science courses.(A) Rice should be served with the chicken.(B) The dishes here are never spicy.(C) There really is chicken in the salad.(D) Both the chicken dish and the salad taste spicy.(A) Sam’s knee should be better by now.(B) This isn’t a good time for Sam to quit.(C) The news about Sam is quite a surprise.(D) Sam should have stopped playing earlier.(A) She bought something for her aunt.(B) She missed it.(C) She was there only briefly.(D) She went to it on her way to the hospital.黄金口语80题范例(A) They work at the zoo.(B) They are going to do some artwork.(C) They enjoy watching elephants.(D) They are going to feed the elephants.(A) She’s working all the time.(B) She’s out all the time.(C) She works every other day.(D) She studies twice a day.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35. (A) Helping a friend find the right department.(B) Buying himself some shoes.(C) Taking a class at the gymnasium.(D) Returning a logging suit be bought.(A) Apologize to Donna.(B) Confront Donna directly.(C) Excuse Donna’s behavior.(D) Write Donna a letter.(A) She thinks the man’s joking.(B) The man needs to have his eyes examined.(C) The man should get some sleep.(D) The man is wise to study.(A) She’s putting it in a kennel.(B) Den is taking it on vacation.(C) It will accompany her.(D) It will be staying with Ken.(A) The man tends to repeat himself a lot.(B) The room was fixed at the man’s request.(C) She also finds it easier to work there now.(D) The man talks about working instead of doing it.(A) Bill doesn’t take good care of knives.(B) This matter doesn’t concern Bi ll.(C) He wants to find a better tool.(D) He wants Bill to fix the knife.(A) There’s going to be a wedding.(B) The people should lean that dance better.(C) Big dances are the most fun.(D) They need to print more invitations.针对口语一二题万能模版(A) It’s sure to be easy.(B) It’ll cost less than last year’s.(C) It might be difficult.(D) It starts after breakfast.(A) He likes to stay late every day.(B) He does it more often than he’d like.(C) He does it only occasionally.(D) He never volunteers to do it.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44. (A) Most students don’t know how to cook.(B) The dormitories have limited cooking facilities.(C) The dining hall serves steak regularly.(D) It’s cheaper than cooking for themselves.(A) Only graduate students.(B) Only undergraduate women.(C) Dormitory residents.(D) University faculty.(A) Sunday evenings.(B) Monday mornings.(C) Saturday mornings.(D) Saturday evenings.刘文勇黄金阅读(A) Three dollars.(B) A housing contract.(C) An identification card.(D) A meal ticket.(A) The slow service.(B) The meal schedule.(C) The quality of the food.(D) The inconvenient location.(A) On weekends.(B) Around holidays.(C) On weekday mornings.(D) On weekday evenings.(A) Reading.(B) Sleeping.(C) Doing research.(D) Planning a trip.(A) To discuss his trip to Mexico.(B) To bring him a message from Professor Grant.(C) To ask for help with an anthropology assignment.(D) To see what progress he’s made on his paper.(A) He can’t sleep at night.(B) He can’t find a quiet place to study.(C) He can’t narrow down his research topic.(D) He can’t find enough information for his research paper.45.46.47.48.49.50. (A) She has been to Mexico.(B) She assigns long research papers.(C) She teaches cultural anthropology.(D) She collects ancient relies.(A) It would require a trip to Mexico.(B) It’s too broad a topic to research.(C) He doesn’t have relevant resource material.(D) He’s not interested in that part of the world.(A) Caring for natural brushes.(B) Techniques for painting animals.(C) Types of watercolor brush-strokes.(D) Effects of different brush-strokes.(A) Red sable.(B) Camel hair.(C) Squirrel hair.(D) Sabeline.(A) They stay rigid.(B) They are affordable.(C) They are easy to use.(D) They come in large sizes.(A) Their size.(B) Their durability.(C) Their composition.(D) Their color.●如何把托福阅读28+●托福阅读背景知识●托福写作万能写作模板●托福写作高分模板●托福写作冲刺需要五步B1.Orchestral instruments --- under the following types: strings, woodwind, brass, and percussion.(A) grouped(B) can group(C) can be grouped(D) to be grouped2.--- depressions in the ocean floor are called trenches.(A) There are the deep(B) Are the deep(C) Where deep(D) Deep3.In the course of her life, Mary Anne Sadlier --- , some fifty of them original novels and collections of stories.(A) Produced nearly sixty books(B) Produced sixty books nearly(C) Nearly sixty books produced(D) Sixty books nearly produced4.--- xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.(A) For(B) It was(C) That(D) While5.Eastern meadowlarks abound in places --- , but eat harmful insects rather than grain.(A) land is cultivated there(B) there is land cultivated(C) where land is cultivated(D) where is cultivated land6.Amplifiers such as those in computers and sound –reproducing systems are responsible for --- an erratic input signal.(A) strengthening(B) being strengthened(C) strengthen(D) to strengthen7.--- John Aaron Lewis pioneered in the development of “third stream music,”a blend of jazz and classical music.(A) A composer, who was(B) He was a composer(C) As a composer(D) When a composer he8.In reorganizing the curriculum of Mt. Holyoke College in the late 1800’s Elizabeth Mead laid the foundation --- the modern college rests.(A) is which(B) on which(C) which is on(D) on it9.Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events --- to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.(A) and thus(B) so(C) however(D) because10. --- lived on the Nor th Saskatchewan River long before the Hudson’s Bay Company built a fur trading post there.(A) Cree people(B) For Cree people(C) It was Cree people(D) Where Cree people11. --- has been a topic of continual geological research.(A) Did the continents originate(B) How did the continents originate(C) Have the continents originated(D) How the continents originated12. Because the papaya grows readily from seed, ---spread from its home in Central America and now grows throughout the tropics.(A) to be(B) it(C) the(D) its13. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have ---as the amount of money borrowed.(A) as the same value(B) the same value(C) value as the same(D) the value is the same14. Futurism, ---early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.(A) an(B) was an(C) that it was an(D) that an15. All living organisms constantly absorb carbon 14 ---their existence.(A) out(B) about(C) around(D) throughout16. Porcelain is not a single clay, and a compound of kaolin, ball clay, feldspar, and silica.A B C D17. The bison, know for the hump over its shoulders, is usually called a buffalo in NorthA B C DAmerica.18. Perspiration, the body’s built-in cooling mechanism occurs as a natural reaction toA B Cnervousness, intense heat, or vigorously exercise.D19. Because of the rising cost of fuel, scientists are building automobile engines who willA B C D conserve gasoline but still run smoothly.20. The primary function of a sonometer is to calculate and demonstrate the relationsA B C mathematical of melodious tones.D21. The most useful way of looking at a map is not as a piece of papers, but as a record ofA B Cgeographically organized information.D22. Vitamin A is essential to bone grow and to the healthiness of the skin and mucousA B C Dmembranes.23. The Moon, being much more nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the principal cause of theA B Ctides.D24. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States are the Everglades whereA B Cwildlife is abundant and largely protected.D25. The dromedary camel is raised especially to racing.A B C D26. The founding of the Boston Library in 1653 demonstrate the early North American colonistsA Binterest in books and libraries.C D27. Public recognition of Ben Shahn as a major American artistic began with a retrospectiveA Bshow of his work in 1948.C D28. The texture of soil is determined by the size of the grains or particles that make up.A B C D29. To produce on pound of honey, a colony of bees must fly a distance equals to twice aroundA B C Dthe world.30. The domestic dog, considered to be the first tamed animal, is coexisting with human beingsA Bsince the days of the cave dwellers.C D31. Nature not only gave the Middle Atlantic region fine harbors, however endowed it with aAB C DD first-class system of inland waterways. 32. All matter resists any change in their condition of rest or of motion.A B C D33. Swans, noted for graceful movements in the water, have been the subject of many poetry,A B Cfairy tales, legends, and musical compositions.34. Since peach trees bloom very early in the season, they are in danger for spring frosts.A B C DD C 35. Like some other running birds, the sanderling lacks a back toe and has a three-toed feet.A B C36. Lucretia Mott’s influence was too significant that she has been credited by some authorities A Bas the originator of feminism in the United States.C37. Large bodies of water and the prevalence of moisture-bearing winds often produce aA B Ccondition of tall humidity, affecting the local weather.D38. Manganese does not exist naturally in a pure state because it reacts so easily with otherA B Celement.D39. Scientists estimate that as many as hundred millions visible meteors enter the Earth’sA B Catmosphere every day.D40. Although not abundant in nature, zinc is important for both the galvanization of iron and theA B C preparation of alloys as such brass and German silver.DCPassage 1 By the late nineteenth century, the focus for the engineers and builders of tunnels was beginning to shift from Europe to the United States and especially New York, where the rivers encircling Manhattan captured the imagination of tunnelers and challenged their ingenuity. The first to accept the challenge was a somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin, who turned up in New York in the 1870's with a proposal to tunnel through the silt under the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City. Haskin eventually abandoned the risky project. But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in I 902, working from both directions. Mc Adoo’s men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock, but with this obstacle surmounted. the two headings met in 1904 and McAdoo donned oilskins to become the Hudson’s first underwater bank - to - bank pedestrian. World' s Work magazine proudly reported in 1906 that New York could now be described as a body of land surrounded by tunnels Three one - way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River. 1. According to the passage, DeWitt Clinton Haskin camefrom (A) Jersey City (B) Europe (C) California (D) New York 2. What does the author imply about DeWitt Clinton Haskin' 5 background? (A) It did not qualify him to handle explosives. (B) It was not something people knew much about. (C) It included diverse work experiences. (D) It included many inferior projects. 3. According to the passage, when did William McAdoo begin to work on the Hudson River tunnel? (A) 1870 (B) 1902 (C) 1904 (D) 1906 4. According to the passage, the workers tunneling for William McAdoowere surprised to find which of the following where they were working? (A) Oil (B) Silt (C) Rock (D) Shafts 5. The quotation from World' s Work magazine in line 12 introduces facts about (A)cities that were building new tunnels to Manhattan (B)people' s concern eve the weakening of the city's foundation (C)the role of New York City in promoting engineering (D)the number of tunnels being built at the time 6. Where in the passage does the author refer to the first person to walk beneath the Hudson River? (A) Lines 1 - 3 (B) Lines 4-6 (C) Lines 8-11 (D) Lines 14 - 15Passage 2 Icebergs are among nature' 5 most spectacular creations, and yet most people have never seen one. A vague air of mystery envelops them. They come into being somewhere-in faraway, frigid waters, amid thunderous noise and splashing turbulence,which in most cases no one hears or sees. They exist only a short time and then slowly waste away just a unnoticed. Objects of sheerest beauty, they have been called. Appearing in an endless variety of shapes they may be dazzlingly white, or they may be glassy blue, green. or purple, tinted faintly or in darker hues. They are graceful, stately, inspiring-in calm, sunlit seas. But they are also called frightening and dangerous, and that they are-in the night, in the fog, and in storms. Even in clear weather one is wise to stay a safe distance away from them. Most of their bulk is hidden below the water, so their underwater parts may extend out far beyond the visible top. Also, they may roll over unexpectedly, churning the waters around them. Icebergs are parts of glaciers that break off, 'drift into the water, float about awhile, and finally melt. Icebergs afloat today are made of snowflakes that have fallen over long ages of time. They embody snows that drifted down hundreds, or many thousands, or in some cases maybe a million years ago. The snows fell in polar regions and on cold mountains, where they melted only a little or not at all, and so collected to great depths over the years and centuries. As each year S snow accumulation lay on the surface, evaporation and melting caused the snowflakes slowly to lose their feathery points and become tiny grains of ice. When new snow fell on top of the old, it too turned to icy grains. So blankets of snow and ice grains mounted layer upon layer and were of such great thickness that the weight of the upper layers compressed the lower ones. With time and pressure from above, the many small ice grains joined and changed to larger crystals, and eventually the deeper crystals merged into a solid mass of ice. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A) The Melting of Icebergs (B) The Nature and Origin of Icebergs (C) The Size and Shape of Icebergs (D) The Dangers of Icebergs The author states that icebergs are rarely seen because they are (A) surrounded by fog (B) hidden beneath the mountains (C) located in remote regions of the world(D) broken by waves soon after they are formed The passage mentions all of the following colors for icebergs EXCEPT (A) yellow (B) blue (C) green (D) purple According to the passage, icebergs are dangerous becausethey (A) usually melt quickly (B) can turn over very suddenly (C) may create immense snowdrifts (D) can cause unexpected avalanches According to the passage, icebergs originate from a buildup of (A) turbulent water (B) feathers (C) underwater pressure (D) snowflakes 6. The formation of an iceberg is most clearly analogous to which of the following activities? (A)Walking on flufty new snow, causing it to become more compact and icy (B)Plowing large areas of earth, leaving the land flat and barren (C)Skating across a frozen lake and leaving a trail behind (D)Blowing snow into one large pile to clear an area 7. In line 23, the expression "from above" refers to (A)sunlit seas (B)polar regions (C)weight of mountains (D)layers of ice and snow 8. The attitude of the author toward icebergs is one of(A)disappointment (B)humor (C)disinterest (D)wonderPassage 3 Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white-a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric. In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life-her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce’s 1976 play, The B eIle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1~5O's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affairs but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self – sovereignty, carried on an argument with the Puritan fathers. attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stern patriarchal God. and their rigid notions of "true womanhood." 1. What is the author's main purpose in the passage? (A)To interpret Emily Dickinson' 5 eccentric behavior (B)To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson (C) To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair (D) To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson'stime 2. According to the passage, the period from 1858 to 1862 was for Emily Dickinsona period of great (A)tragedy (B)sociability (C)productivity (D) frivolity 3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson' s eccentricities? (A) Refusing to eat (B)Wearing only write (C)Avoiding visitors (D)Staying in her room4. According to the passage, biographers of Emily Dickinson havetraditionally (A)criticized most of her poems (B)ignored her innocence and emotional fragility (C)seen her life in romantic terms (D)blamed her parents for restricting her activities 5.Why does the author mention William Luce's play The Belle of Amherst? (A)To give an example of the sentimentalized Emily Dickinson myth (B)To show how popular Emily Dickinson's poems have become (C)To show that Emily Dickinson was also an actress (D)To illustrate the theatrical quality of Emily Dickinson's poems 1 6.The author imp ies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to (A)physical illness (B)a failed love affair (C)religious fervor (D)Her dislike of people 7.The author suggests all of the following asreasons for Emily Dickinson's unusual behavior EXCEPT the(A)struggle to create 3 new female identity(B)desire to develop her genius undisturbed(C)search for her own independence(D)attempt to draw attention to her poetry8.It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that wascharacterized by (A)strong Puritan beliefs (B)equality of men and women(C)the encouragement of nonconformity(D)the appreciation of poetic creativityPassage 4 Native Americans from the southeastern part of what is now the United States believed that the universe in which they lived was made up of three separate, but related, worlds: the Upper World. the Lower World, and This World. In the last there lived humans. most animals, and all plants. This World, a round island resting on the surface of waters, was suspended fromthe sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal 'points of the compass. Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass, from north to south and from east to west, intersected This World to divide it into four wedge - shaped segments. Thus a' symbolic representation of the human world was a cross within a circle, the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World. Each segment of This World was identified by its own color. According to Cherokee doctrine,' east was associated with the color red because it was the direction of the Sun, the greatest deity of all. Red was also the color of fire, believed to be directly connected with the Sun, with blood, and therefore' with life. Finally, red was the color of success. The west was the Moon segment; it provided no warmth and was not life - giving as the Sun was. So its color was black. North was the direction of cold, and so its color was blue (sometimes purple), and it represented trouble and defeat. South was the direction of warmth, its color, white, was associated with peace and happiness. The southeastern Native Americans' universe was one in which opposites were constantly at war with each other, red against black, blue against white. This World hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World. The goal was to find some kind of halfway path, or balance, between those other worlds. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage? (A)One Civilization's View of the Universe (B)The Changing of the Seasons in the Southeast (C)The Painting of Territorial Maps by Southeastern Native Americans (D)The War Between Two Native American Civilizations 2. In line 3, the phrase "the last" refers to (A) all plants (B) This World (C) the universe (D) the Upper World 3. Tne author implies that This World was located (A) inside the Upper World (B) inside the Lower World (C) above the Upper World (D) between the Upper World and Lower World 4. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans compared This World to (A) waters(B) the sky (C) an animal (D) an island 5. According to the passage, lines divided This World into how many segments? (A)Two (B)Three (C)Four (D)Five 6. According to the passage, southeastern Native Americans associated red with all of the following EXCEPT (A)fire (B)trouble (C)blood (D) success 7. According to the passage. which of the following colors represented the west for southeastern Native Americans? (A)Blue (B)While (C)Black (D) Purple 8. The shape of This Word is closest to that of which of the following? (A)A circle (B)A triangle (C)A square (D)A cube。

2007英语真题及答案

2007 年全国攻读工商管理硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Vocabulary ( 10 points )Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1．His wife has been _______a lot of pressure on him to change his job．A．taking B．exerting C．giving D．pushing 2．It is estimated that，currently, about 50，000 species become _____every year．A．extinct B．instinct C．distinct D．intense 3．John says that his present job does not provide him with enough ______for his organizingability．scope B．space C．capacity D．range 4．Many _______will be opened up in the future for those with a university education．A.probabilitiesB.realities C．necessities D．opportunities5．After his uncle died，the young man _____the beautiful estate with which he changed froma poor man to a wealthy noble．A．inhabited B．inherited C．inhibited D．inhaled 6．The manager is calling on a______ customer trying to talk him into signing the contract．A.prosperousB.preliminary C．pessimistic D．prospective7．In 1991，while t11e economies of industrialized countries met an economic_____，the economies of developing countries were growing very fast．A．revival B．repression C．recession D．recovery 8．The destruction of the twin towers _________shock and anger throughout the world．A．summoned B．tempted C provoked D．stumbled9．About 20 of the passengers who were injured in a plane crash are said to be in_____condition．A．decisive B．urgent C．vital D．critical 10．The interactions between China and the US will surely have a significant _______on peace and stability in the Asia—Pacific region and the world as a whole．A．importance B．impression C．impact D．implication11．The poor countries are extremely _______to international economic fluctuations- A．inclined B．vulnerable C．attracted D．reduced 12．Applicants should note that all positions are——to Australian citizenship requirements．A．subject B．subjective C．objected D．objective13．We aim to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly and that they have equal______to employment opportunities．A．entrance B．entry C．access D．admission 14．Successful learning is not a(n)________activity but consists of four distinct stages ina specific orderA．only B．sole C．mere D．single15．The opportunity to explore and play and the encouragement to do so Can________the performance of many children．A．withhold B．prevent C．enhance D．justify 16．All her hard work __________in the end，and she finally passed the exam．A．showed off B．paid off C．1eft off D．kept off 17．In order to live the kind of life we want and to be the person we want to be，we have to domore than just ________with events．A．put sup B．set up C．turn up D．make up18．The team played hard because the championship of the state was______.A．at hand B．at stake C．at large D．at best 19．I don’t think you'll change his mind；once he’s decided on so something he tends to_____it.A．stick to B．abide by C．comply with D．keep on 20．Tom placed the bank notes，_________the change and receipts，back in the drawer．A. more thanB. but for C．thanks to D. along withSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 21 she’s worried about what she calls’my rolling mental blackouts.””I try to remember something and I just blank out，”she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them ”senior moments ”or blaming "early Alzheimer’s (老年痴呆症)．”Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember? Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are notnecessarily age—related．“When a teenager can’t find her keys，she thinks it's because she’s distracted or disorganized，”says Paul Gold．“A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．”In fact，the 70-year-old mayhave been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn’t worsen as 27 as many of us think．“As we 28 ，the memory mechanism isn’t 29 ，”says psychologist Fergus Craik．”It’s just inefficient．”The brain’s processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knows exactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there’s less activity in the brain．But，cautions Barry Gordon，”It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded（气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets moreskilled at a task，it expends less energy on it.”There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 3 7 effort．Margaret Sewell says：”We’re a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain. 3 9 shape．It’s like having a good body．You Can’t go to the gym once ayear 40 expect to stay in top form.”21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)Directions:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OnePrior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance andpreservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic and cultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world’s last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world’s peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better wayof life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are mostof the rest doomed in the century after that?Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing（同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatened minority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues.Linguists are currently using computer—aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatenedlanguages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient（有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the futureis _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world’s languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author’s view, many endangered languages are________.A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherPassage TwoEveryone，it seems，has a health problem。

PRETCO(B)2007-12真题

Part V
Writing
(25 minutes)
（评分标准：共15分。分数分为5个等级：（1）14分：格式正确，内容完整，表达清楚，语言上仅有很少的错误。（2）11分：格式基本正确，内容较完整，表达尚清楚，有一些语言错误，可以有个别句子结构上的错误。（3）8分：格式基本正确，内容大体完整，表达可勉强理解，有较多的语言错误，包括少数严重错误。（4）5分：格式勉强正确，内容不完整，但是没有离题，表达有较大困难，语言有很多错误，有一些是严重错误。（5）2分：格式不正确，内容表达不清楚，语言支离破碎，仅有个别句子尚正确。）
20. It has been quite a long time the two companies established a business relationship. A) although C) if B) because D) since 21. The house was sold for $60000, which was far more than its real . A) money C) value B) payment D) profit 22. Customers consider location as the first factor when a decision about buying a house. A) make C) to make B) made D) making
26. David will go on holiday as soon as he (finish)
the project.
27. Although the small town has been changing slowly, it looks

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案-北京卷

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）英语第一卷（选择题共115分）第一部分：听力理解（共两节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话後有一道小题，从每题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话後，你将有10秒中的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?A.A newspaperB.A magazineC A book答案是AA.B.C.1、Where is the man from?A. AtlantaB. New YorkC. Washington,D.C2.How much is the man‘s telephone bill?A. $50B. $24C. $303.What does the woman want to watch?A. NewsB. ―Animal World‖C. Movie4.Which apartment is the woman interested in?A. The one-bedroom apartmentB. The two-bedroom apartmentC. The three-bedroom apartment5.What is the woman doingA. Giving adviceB. Asking the wayC.Making a request第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）听下面6段对话或独白，每段对话或独白後有几道小题，从每题所给的A. B. C.三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完後，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两边。

听第6段材料，回答第7至7题。

6.Why is the woman late?A. She missed the busB. She couldn‘t start her carC. She coulden‘t find the key7.Where are the two speakers?A. At a garageB. At a bus stopC. At a restaurant听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案-北京卷2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英

每段对话後有一道小题，从每题所给的A,B,C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话後，你将有10秒中的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话你将听一遍。

例：What is the man going to read?A.A newspaperB.A magazineC A book答案是AA.B.C.1、Where is the man from?A. AtlantaB. New YorkC. Washington,D.C2.How much is the man’s telephone bill?A. $50B. $24C. $303.What does the woman want to watch?A. NewsB. “Animal World”C. Movie4.Which apartment is the woman interested in?A. The one-bedroom apartmentB. The two-bedroom apartmentC. The three-bedroom apartment5.What is the woman doingA. Giving adviceB. Asking the wayC.Making a request第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分）听下面6段对话或独白，每段对话或独白後有几道小题，从每题所给的A. B. C.三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。

听完後，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白你将听两边。

听第6段材料，回答第7至7题。

6.Why is the woman late?A. She missed the busB. She couldn’t start her carC. She coulden’t find the key7.Where are the two speakers?A. At a garageB. At a bus stopC. At a restaurant听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。

托福全真试题

93-01 93年1月TOEFL听力A1. (A) Did you move the chair or did Ed do it?(B) Ed wants to move the chair.(C) Please move the chair Ed.(D) Ed forgot to move the chair, so will you do it?2. (A) Diane respects her teacher.(B) The teacher is looking at Diane.(C) Diane is taller than her teacher.(D) Diane doesn't like her teacher's looks.3. (A) I must take my groceries home.(B) I didn't bring my shopping list with me.(C) My left wrist is sore.(D) I need to go home for a rest.4. (A) I thought the novel would be better.(B) The novel is surprisingly good.(C) The novel is just what I hoped it would be.(D) I think the novel is quite boring.5. (A) Someone assisted him with the work.(B) Someone should do the work, or him.(C) He didn't quite finish the work.(D) He didn't work long enough.6. (A) At what time must you leave?(B) Have you forgotten what day it is?(C) What still needs to be done today?(D) Who left the tray here yesterday?7. (A) No one knew what the formal requirements were.(B) There was no need for us to get dressed up.(C) They asked for our former address.(D) Everyone was wearing formal suits or gowns.8. (A) I seldom have meat.(B) I like to eat early.(C) I never buy meat.(D) I prefer my meat rare.9. (A) Rita's roommate helped her to pack.(B) Rita's roommate needed help packing.(C) Rita's got the package for her roommate.(D) Rita had her baggage with her.10. (A) I figured the expenses on the last page.(B) Your plan will cost too much.(C) Drawing can be an expensive hobby.(D) You should go back to your original plan.11. (A) Both of us were exhausted.(B) We always tried to rest after exercising.(C) I turned over and went to sleep again.(D) I was overtired and couldn't sleep.12. (A) How could you forget to put the salt out.(B) I thought I bought salt last week, but I could be wrong.(C) I bought salt a few days ago; it can't be finished yet.(D) Did someone else also buy salt?13. (A) Let's not make them at all.(B) Don't make them use it all.(C) Leslie wouldn't share her work with them.(D) We should share the work with them.14. (A) She left the hospital and resumed her classes.(B) She went to the hospital after class.(C) She didn't complete her classes because she went to the hospital.(D) She was released from class so she could go to the hospital.15. (A) Our phone service was turned off.(B) They added another telephone.(C) Our phone service began today.(D) They refused to repair our telephone.16. (A) The frightened puppy was licking Lois hand.(B) Lois is not afraid to give a speech now.(C) Some people came over to speak to Lois.(D) Lois will hear about the fair tonight.17. (A) It's too bad you haven't worked harder.(B) We haven't heard a word about your work.(C) We'd like to walk to work with you.(D) You'll be well repaid for working so hard.18. (A) You can honestly say what you think.(B) Believe me the tray is not much use.(C) Frankly, I don't think much of Ray.(D) In my opinion the play was not very good.19. (A) She overlooked my paper by mistake.(B) She wanted us to review our own papers.(C) She asked us over to discuss the errors.(D) She said she would look at the papers again.20. (A) Two people walked in late for the movie.(B) Most of the people left before the movie was over.(C) A few people had to stand to watch the movie.(D) Some people moved their seats during the movie.21. (A) He can't go this weekend.(B) He has a hole in his bathing suit.(C) They should stay at the beach longer.(D) They shouldn't spend much money.22. (A) Turn the alarm off.(B) Live on a farm.(C) Move his alarm clock.(D) Go to bed earlier.23. (A) He hasn't had time to find another apartment.(B) His mother dusted her apartment the day before last.(C) He hasn't cleaned the apartment since his mother visited.(D) His mother was the last person to come over to his apartment.24. (A) Making a pot of coffee.(B) Trying different brands of coffee.(C) Drinking less coffee.(D) Getting a different coffeepot.25. (A) Some music cassettes.(B) Some school supplies.(C) Something to drink.(D) Something to eat.26. (A) He has finished his biology project.(B) He'll feel happier when the project is completed.(C) He's annoyed with everyone.(D) He took a nap in biology class.27. (A) She knows very little about bicycles.(B) She doesn't want the man to study.(C) The man likes to study outdoors.(D) The man isn't ready to study yet.28. (A) Try to find it in the house.(B) Repair the roof.(C) Lend his friend a pen.(D) Become extremely angry.29. (A) She agrees with the man.(B) She didn't hear what the man said.(C) She is surprised by his opinion.(D) She thinks he should look at it again.30. (A) The weather forecast has often been wrong.(B) No more rain is needed.(C) It's going to rain today.(D) They'll have more time tomorrow.31. (A) Ann should shut the door.(B) Ann should be quieter.(C) Ann shouldn't have stayed at the library so long.(D) Ann shouldn't have returned home.32. (A) Doris asked someone to build them.(B) Both she and Doris worked on them.(C) They didn't need to be fixed.(D) Not all of them were hers.33. (A) Bob doesn't have to stay until after his exams.(B) Bob will get into trouble if he doesn't stay.(C) Bob can't take his exams home with him.(D) Bob can't find a way to solve the problem.34. (A) He lost it.(B) He used it last night.(C) He was the last to use it.(D) He finally brought it back.35. (A) The novel wasn't so difficult to read.(B) She can't remember the author's name.(C) There were many comic characters.(D) She read it a long time ago.36. (A) One of his classes finished early.(B) He wanted to get some studying done.(C) The library had a special display on the industrial Revolution.(D) His books were ten days overdue.37. (A) Checked them out.(B) Took notes on them.(C) Returned them to the shelves.(D) Put them in his book bag.38. (A) They are marked with colored labels.(B) They are specially coded.(C) They are checked out.(D) They are inspected by the guard.39. (A) Copies down the name and the address of each borrower.(B) Checks all books for missing pages.(C) Demagnetizes the books as they are checked out.(D) Helps students use the card catalog.40. (A) To explain the importance of learning rhythm and harmony in jazz.(B) To show that jazz is not really music at all.(C) To point out similarities between jazz and classical music.(D) To describe what makes a good jazz performance.41. (A) They memorize their music before performing it.(B) They are more famous than performers of other kinds of music.(C) They perform their music as a means of individual self expression.(D) They possess detailed knowledge of the rules of jazz performers.42. (A) Practice various jazz rhythms.(B) Interview a jazz musician.(C) Watch a film about jazz performers.(D) Listen to some recordings of jazz music.43. (A) To Colorado.(B) To Arizona.(C) To the Nile River.(D) To the Museum of Natural History.44. (A) Archaeological.(B) Biological.(C) Meteorological.(D) Sociological.45. (A) In a cave.(B) In a river.(C) In a tree.(D) In a boat.46. (A) Solve a mystery.(B) See the canyon.(C) Find some driftwood.(D) Take some photographs.47. (A) A radio broadcast.(B) A political discussion.(C) A sales promotion.(D) A health documentary.48. (A) Where fruit is grown.(B) How fruit becomes ripe.(C) Why fruit falls from trees.(D) Which fruits are edible.49. (A) The fruit itself.(B) The air surrounding the fruit.(C) The spray applied by farmers.(D) The tree or vines to which the fruit is attached.50. (A) The fruit loses its sweetness.(B) The fruit falls off the tree.(C) Bees begin to pollinate the fruit.(D) The temperature inside the fruit increases.B1. --- that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates er unit of tissuedecrease, and they generally live longer.(A) The truth(B) If true(C) It is true(D) To be true2. Asteroids are small and therefore very difficult to identify, even when --- to Earth.(A) quite closely(B) are being quite close(C) are they quite closely(D) they are quite close3. A number of modern sculptors have rejected --- of minimal and environmental art anddeveloped a style of extreme realism.(A) which abstract qualities(B) there are abstract qualities(C) the abstract qualities(D) the qualities are abstract4. --- tributaries of the Mississippi River system were navigated by steamboats during the periodbefore the outbreak of the Civil War.(A) More than forty(B) More than forty were(C) Forty more than(D) There were more than forty5. Mary Eliza McDowell's introduction to social service came --- , when she assisted victims ofthe great Chicago Fire of 1871.(A) was sixteen years old(B) had sixteen years(C) at age sixteen(D) sixteen6. Young herons are helpless for a few weeks --- they learn to fly.(A) how(B) before(C) despite(D) since　7. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with ---.(A) ever made the very first pictures(B) the ever made very first pictures(C) the very first ever made pictures(D) the very first pictures ever made8. The center of gravity of the human body --- behind the hip joint.(A) locates(B) locating(C) to locate(D) is located9. The leaves and stems of the alfalfa plant are the only parts of the plant ---.(A) the uses for livestock fees(B) for using livestock feed(C) used for livestock feed(D) they are used for livestock feed10. --- choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of citylife.(A) So large numbers of people to(B) There are large numbers of people(C) Large numbers of people(D) Large numbers of people who11. --- to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.(A) Danger can be(B) They can be dangerous(C) What can be dangerous(D) While danger12. Organic chemistry has made many new products---.(A) possible(B) as possible(C) are possible(D) they are possible13. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, --- a far higher price than the same pearlssold individually.(A) in order to bring(B) their bringing(C) bringing(D) bring14. Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes --- in book form.(A) than the print(B) print them(C) if printed(D) they are printed15. Pennsylvania ranks high among the states population --- many areas are sparsely settled.(A) and yet(B) so even(C) if not(D) except for16. Since the beginning of this century, the United States government has played an role in the A supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.B C D17. Between 1906 and 1917, political activist Emma Goldma devoted most of her efforts to A B Cwriting, traveling and lectured.　D18. Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players.　A B C D19. Many of society's wealth is controlled by large corporations and government agencies.　A B C D20. Pieces of eighteenth-century porcelain they are frequently dug up in excavations at A B C D williamsburg Virginia.21. A major purpose of scientific analysis is to identify and examine causal connections between A B Cindependent and dependence variables.D22. Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease.　A B C D23. Recause it is a healthful way to exercise aerobic dancing is considered an excellent method A B Cfor release tension.D24. Doppler radar can be used to determine the direction which in the particles of a cloud are A B Cmoving.　D25. Applied research aims at some specific objective, such as the development of a new produce, A B C process, or material.　D26. Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.A B C D27. The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological A B C DLaboratory in the 1930's.28. Clementine Hunter's primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries, included A B C Done at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.29. Alike a chicken, the grouse has four toes, with the hind one raised above the ground.A B C D30. Membership in labor unions in the United States reached its peak of 17 millions members in A B C D1960.31. The newer kinds of seeds produce corn it has much greater food value than older kinds.A B C D32. In meteorology, either the formation of clouds and the precipitation of dew, rain, and snoware A Bknown as condensation.C D33. Varieties of yellow grapes that have tender skin, rich flavor and high sugar content are A B Cespecially suited with making raisins.D34. Despite resistance in some parts of Canada, the conversion to metric measurement have been A B Csaid to be largely successful.D35. The most safest way to watch a solar eclipse is for one to look at it in a mirror while wearing A B C Ddark glasses.36. Chied Joseph La Flesche, a vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation aproud A B C and progressive one.　D37. The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.A B C D38. In 1941 Orson Welles produced Citizen Kane a film noted for its technical brilliant, structural A Bcomplexity, and Literate treatment of a controversial biographical subject.C D39. Wildlife conservationists say the cover that foliage provides for animals is equal in A B Cimportance to the food supplying.D40. The Leyden jar was one of the earliest form of condensers invented to store an electrical A B C Dcharge.CPassage 1Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tallEven with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The characteristics of bacteria(B) How bacteria reproduce(C) The various functions of bacteria(A) How bacteria contribute to disease2. Bacteria are measured in(A) inches(B) centimeters(C) microns(D)millimeters3. Which of the following is the smallest?(A) A pinhead(B) A rounded bacterium(C) A microscope(D)A rod - shaped bacterium4. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see(A)tiny dots(B) small "hairs"(C) large rods(D) detailed structures5. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?(A) A rider jumping on a horse's back(B) A ball being hit by a bat(C) A boat powered by a motor(D) A door closed by a gust of wind6. In line 16, the author compares water to molasses, in order to introduce which of the following topics?(A) The bacterial content of different liquids(B) What happens when bacteria are added to molasses(C) The molecular structures of different chemicals(D) How difficult it is for bacteria to move through waterPassage 2One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the Unite States. In her lifetime she earned this country's most highly acclaimed literary award: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific literary output, which consisted of some eighty - five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty - five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became as the described herself, "mentally bifocal." Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist. One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes. Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author. i s a captivating subject of study.1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To offer a criticism of the works of Pearl Buck.(B) To illustrate Pearl Buck's views on Chinese literature(C) To indicate the background and diverse interests of Pearl Buck(D) To discuss Pearl Buck's influence on the cultures of the East and the West2. According to the passage, Pearl Buck is known as a writer of all of the following EXCEPT(A) novels(B) children's books(C) poetry(D) short stories3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as an award received by Pearl Buck?(A) The Nobel Prize(B) The Newberry Medal(C) The William Dean Howell medal(D) The Pulitzer prize4. According to the passage, Pearl Buck was an unusual figure in American literature in that she(A) wrote extensively about a very different culture(B) published half of her books abroad(C) won more awards than any other woman of her time(D) achieved her first success very late in life5. According to the passage, Pearl Buck described herself as "mentally bifocal" to suggest thatshe was(A) capable of resolving thc differences between two distinct linguistic systems(B) keenly aware of how the past could influence the future(C) capable of producing literary works of interest to both adults and children(D) equally familiar with two different cultural environments1. The author's attitude toward Peart Buck could best be described as(A) indifferent(B) admiring(C) sympathetic(D) tolerantPassage 3When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it-at this moment in time.It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history.Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, We see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and shorter light waves.That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a second- it will become steadily colder and redder.1.What is the passage mainly about?(A)Faint dwarf stars(B)The evolutionary cycle of the Sun(C)The Sun's fuel problem(D)The dangers of invisible radiation2.What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?(A) It appears yellow(B) It always remains the same(C) It has a short history(D) It is too cold3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?(A)They are short- lived.(B) They are mysterious.(C)They are frightening.(D) They are nearly invisible.4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become what color?(A) Yellow(B) Violet(C) Red(D) White5.In line 15,to which of the following does "it"refer?(A)yellow "hump"(B)day(C)Sun(D)hydrogen fuelPassage 4If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830'sand 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abuttedthe older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse - drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass - scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for homeownership In neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single - family housing tracts.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(A) The growth of Philadelphia(B) The Origin of the Suburb(C) The Development of City Transportation(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during periods of(A) industrialization(B) inflation(C) revitalization(D) unionization3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the following?(A) The smell of the factories(B) The growth of mill towns(C) The development of waterways(D) The loss of jobs4. Which of the following was NCT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth - century suburbanization?(A) Cheaper housing(B) Urban crowding(C)The advent of an urban middle class(D) The invention of the electric streetcar5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by(A) automobile(B) cart(C)horse - draw trolley(D)electric streetcar6. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization.(A)Lines 3-5(B)Lines S-9(C)Lines 12- 13(D) Lines 15-18Passage 5The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His intrial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Giblert and hisship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the regionthat he named "Virgina." Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?(A)The Regulation of Trading Companies(B)British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World(C)Early Attempts at Colonizing North America(D)Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?(A)They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.(B)They were members of large trading companies.(C)They were immediately successful.(D)They were acting on their own.3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir HumphreyGilbert is true?(A) He never settled in North America.(B) His trading company was given a patent by the queen.(C) He fought the Spanish twice.(D) He died in 1587.　4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for North America?(A)1577(B)1579(C)1582(D)15845. Which of the following can be infered from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?(A)They explored the entire coastal region.(B)Some did not survive.(C)They named the area "Virginia".(D) Most were not experienced sailors.6. According to the passage, the first English settlement on Roanoke Island was established in(A)1578(B)1583(C)1585(D)15877. According to the passage, which of; the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.(B) It lasted for several years.(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.(D) It was conquered by the Spanish.　。

2007年英语专业四级听力及其答案

2007年英语专业四级考试全真试卷及其参考答案SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form?(A) Name.(B) Nationality.(C) Address.(D) Phone number.2. From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes from.(A) Essex.(B) Edinburgh.(C) London.(D) The US.3. What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow?(A)To come to the office again.(B) To wait for the phone call.(C) To call the office.(D) To write to the office.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation4. Members of the club are required to.(A) register when they arrive.(B) bring up to three guests.(C) register their guests.(D) show membership cards on arrival5. which of the following details about the changing rooms in NOT correct?(A)There is a charge for the use of the locker.(B) Showers are installed in the changing rooms.(C) Lockers are located in the changing rooms.(D) Lockers are used to store personal belongings.6. According to the club s rules, members can play.(A) for 30 minutes only.(B) for one hour only.(C) within the booked time only.(D) longer than the booked time.7. Which of the following details is NOT correct?(A) Players can eat in the club room.(B) Players have to leave the club by ten o’clock.(C) The courts are closed earlier than the club room.(D) Players can use both the club room and the courts.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation8. At the university Mr. Robinson specialized in.(A) maths.(B) physics.(C) water management.(D) geography.9. Mr. Robinson worked for the Indian Government because of.(A) univers ity links.(B) government agreements.(C) company projects.(D) degree requirements.10. After Mr. Robinson returned from India, he.(A) charged jobs several times.(B) went to live in Manchester.(C) did similar work as in India.(D) became head of a research team.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. According to the talk, the owner of a bike has to.(A)register his bike immediately.(B) put his bike on a list at once.(C) have it stamped with a number.(D) report to the police station.12. The speaker in the talk recommends.(A) two locks for an expensive bike.(B) a good lock for an expensive bike.(C) cheap locks for cheap bikes.(D) good locks for cheap bikes.13. What is the main idea of the talk?(A) How to have the bike stamped.(B) How to protect your bike.(C) How to buy good locks.(D) How to report your lost bike to the police.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passages.14. Which course(s) runs or run for one hour each time?(A) Conversation class.(B) Writing Skills class.(C) Examination Skills class.(D) All of the three courses.15. Which course(s) does or do NOT require enrolment beforehand?(A) Conversation class.(B) Writing Skills class.(C) Examination Skills class.(D) All of the three courses.16. Which course(s) is (are) designed especially for students of economics and social sciences?(A) Conversation class.(B) Writing Skills class.(C) Examination Skills class.(D) All of the three courses.17. Which course(s) are the shortest?(A) Conversation class.(B) Writing Skills class.(C) Examination Skills class.(D) All language courses.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. How old was Leonardo da Vinci when he moved to Milan?(A) 25.(B) 30.(C) 35(D) 4019. Throughout his life, Leonardo daVinci worked as all the following EXCEPT〖CD#15mm〗.(A) a painter.(B) an engineer.(C) an architect.(D) a builder20. Where did Leonardo da Vinci die?(A) In France.(B) In Milan.(C) In Florence.(D) In Tuscany.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. Who had to leave the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?(A) The Israeli army.(B) The Jewish settlers.(C) The Palestinians.(D) The Israeli Prime Minister.22. How many settlements would have to be removed altogether in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?(A) 2(B) 4(C) 21(D) 25Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.23. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?(A) The agreement has to be approved by Romania.(B) The agreement has to be approved by Bulgaria.(C) The agreement has to be approved by some RU states.(D) The agreement has to be approved by all the RU states.24. Romania and Bulgaria cannot join the EU in 2007 unless they carry out reforms in the following areas EXCEPT.(A) manufacturing.(B) border control.(C) administration.(D) justice.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will he given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. What is the theme of the forum?(A) Business leadership.(B) Global business community.(C) Economic prospects in China.(D) Business and government in China.26. According to the news, the firs forum was held _.(A) 10 years ago.(B) 3 years ago.(C) in 1999.(D) in 2001.Question 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.27. About of the 15,000 visitors on the opening day of Hong Kong Disney land came from the mainland.(A) 4000(B) 5000(C) 6000(D) 700028. According to the news, residents in showed least interest in visiting the theme park.(A) Beijing(B) Guangzhou(C) Shanghai(D) Hong KongQuestions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. What is the news mainly about?(A) Religious violence.(B) Refugee issues.(C) A ferry disaster.(D) A rescue operation.30. The ferry boat was designed to carry passengers.(A) 198(B) 200(C) 290(D) 50001-05 BDACA 06-10 DBCAC11-15 CABAC 16-20 BCBDA21-25 BDCAC 26-30 ABACB。

托福全真试题

0-1 ９０年１月ＴＯＥＦＬ听力　A1. (A) I have the key s to my sister's house.(B) My sister may have forgotten her skis.(C) My keys are probably at my sister's house.(D) I had to leave a pair of skis for my sister.2. (A) We should have graduated sooner.(B) The graduation ceremony is to be held as early as possible.(C) Early arrivals don't need to reserve seats for the ceremony.(D) It's necessary for us to arrive at the ceremony early.3. (A) Sara taught me how to use the computer.(B) Sara is spending too little time on computer projects.(C) I use the computer half as much as Sara does.(D) I have one computer and Sara has two.4. (A) Robert warned us to listen carefully.(B) We should pay attention to Robert.(C) Robert is talking instead of listening.(D) Let Robert hear the good news.5. (A) Stop that!(B) Go outside!(C) Do it again!(D) Put the scissors away!6. (A) Lois should work harder.(B) You should look for Lois.(C) Lois works very hard.(D) You are expecting too much of Lois.7. (A) Dean Williams asked the president to speak to the faculty.(B) The president asked Dean Williams to speak to the faculty.(C) Dean Williams and the president were invited to the faculty meeting.(D) The faculty must notify the president of a change of address.8. (A) Soon I'll be finished.(B) I've just finished.(C) I finished it a while ago.(D) I'll never finish it.9. (A) He doesn't like his work.(B) He isn't doing a good job.(C) He became ill at the office.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.10. (A) You don't find posters interesting, do you?(B) I believe framed posters are good for decorating.(C) Collecting posters is an interesting hobby.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.11. (A) I brought a camera just like that one.(B) I bought the wrong type of camera.(C) That camera ought to take very sharp photographs.(D) A camera is precisely what we need.12. (A) He gave back only the quizzes.(B) He gave only one quiz.(C) We wish he would return our quizzes.(D) We would like him to stop giving us quizzes.13. (A) I'm sorry to have inconvenienced you.(B) I'm not the cause of your problems.(C) I came because I heard you were in trouble.(D) I don't intend to worry about it very much.14. (A) One section of students is the best.(B) The students are very fond of playing football.(C) It's interesting to watch football practice.(D) I enjoy sitting with the students at the game.15. (A) We cannot attend the meeting at the airport.(B) Doesn't anyone want to go to the airport?(C) I believe that we'll be met at the airport.(D) Do you want to see someone at the airport?16. (A) These things take time to learn.(B) Will you study any more?(C) Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?(D) It will be a good learning experience for you.17. (A) That doesn't look like my suitcase.(B) Don't you recognize my suitcase?(C) Don't I usually lock my suitcase?(D) As far as I know, my suitcase should be open.18. (A) If you can see the movie on television, why pay for it?(B) Would it be foolish to watch that movie on television?(C) Why did you pay to see a movie on television?(D) When you saw that movie on television, was it silly?19. (A) I had no idea which report was due.(B) I thought only one report was due.(C) I didn't know they were both reporters.(D) I don't report what I do every day.20. (A) The sessions are very short.(B) The sessions may become longer.(C) The classes are too long.(D) The classes should be made smaller.21. (A) At a hairdresser's.(B) At a tailor's.(C) At a butcher's.(D) At a photographer's.22. (A) He is not used to big cities.(B) He is very tall and thin.(C) He will be hard to find.(D) he should watch what he does.23. (A) Cash a check for the man.(B) Get money to pay a bill.(C) Return Bill's books to the store.(D) Check to see whether she can pay in cash.24. (A) Five may be too many.(B) The decision must be made soon.(C) It would be smart to take more.(D) Four People are enrolled in them.25. (A) Find the newspaper editor.(B) Find a job working as a reporter.(C) Stay awake for the midnight news program.(D) Prepare an editorial for this week's newspaper.26. (A) A furnished house.(B) A recent book.(C) A refinished cellar.(D) A new record.27. (A) He hasn't had time to do the experiment.(B) The experiment turned out well.(C) The experiment took a lot of time.(D) He only did part of the experiment that day.28. (A) Keeping the check.(B) Sending a wire.(C) Inspecting the wiring.(D) Replacing the lamp.29. (A) It is in the center of the campus.(B) It should have a map of the city.(C) It has information about summer camps.(D) It probably has a campus map.30. (A) The paper must be in on time.(B) The question wasn't very clear.(C) He should ask a different person.(D) His request was made too late.31. (A) They have arrived late.(B) She agrees with the man.(C) They are uncertain about the weather.(D) She didn't think the man was ever late.32. (A) Her room isn't the one that's messy.(B) Joan's room is the large one.(C) She would like to change the subject.(D) She shares her room with Joan.33. (A) Happy.(B) Resentful.(C) Disappointed.(D) Sentimental.34. (A) Continue to drive.(B) Pay a traffic ticket.(C) Let the passenger out.(D) Park at the corner.35. (A) The woman hadn't sent a thank you note.(B) The woman hadn't noticed him.(C) The woman had left him a note.(D) The woman hadn't gotten his note.36. (A) Biomedical engineers.(B) Nursing students.(C) Students of philosophy.(D) Mechanics.37. (A) During the first week of classes.(B) During the second week of classes.(C) After the second week of classes.(D) Just before the final exam.38. (A) The mind can be completely understood through scientific observation.(B) The mind is too complex to be considered part of the "vital force".(C) The mind and the brain have the same chemical and physical functions.(D) The mind may function separately from the brain.39. (A) Decide whether they are mechanists or vitalists.(B) Take an article home and read it.(C) Transfer to the introductory class.(D) Write an essay about vitalism and mechanism.40. (A) An art student.(B) A chemistry student.(C) A newspaper reporter.(D) A landscape designer.41. (A) The name of an art school.(B) The differences between two kinds of paint.(C) Information about a course.(D) Locations about a course.42. (A) They dry in a short time.(B) They are easy to find in stores.(C) They come in many unusual colors.(D) They feel pleasant to the touch.43. (A) Experiment with achieving textures in painting.(B) Learn to mix their own paints.(C) Learn to appreciate abstract designs.(D) Copy the works of master painters.44. (A) Complete unfinished projects.(B) Practice techniques he has learned before.(C) Teach less advanced students how to use acrylic paints.(D) Learn how to apply paints with different kinds of brushes.45. (A) See the woman's work.(B) Ask his roommate for advice.(C) Order some supplies.(D) Sign up for a painting class.46. (A) On a Tuesday.(B) On a Wednesday.(C) On a Thursday.(D) On a Friday.47. (A) A final copy of the research project.(B) Copies of the midterm.(C) A textbook and pencils.(D) A few pens.48. (A) There will be only multiple-choice questions.(B) The exam will be both multiple-choice and essay questions.(C) The exam will have an oral and a written section.(D) There will be only essay questions.49. (A) it will be easy to understand.(B) Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.(C) It will cover topics from a wide variety of academic fields.(D) Students must complete all parts of it.50. (A) During the first week of class.(B) During midterm week.(C) On the last day of class.(D) On the last day of exam week. ＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ　ＦＩＶＥ　B1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A) A(B) It is a(C) Although a(D) There is a2. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A) such(B) more(C) as(D) than3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A) it grows(B) what grows(C) does it grow(D) what does it grow4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to makesteel.(A) bridge-building(B) building of bridges(C) building a bridge(D) bridges are built5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A) Contrary to general belief(B) General belief contrary to(C) Belief contrary to general(D) Contrary belief general to6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for aseat in the United States Congress.(A) Barbara Jordan's campaign being(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A) are influenced(B) be influenced(C) influencing(D) influence8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---is equal to the probabilitythat it will not occur.(A) occurs(B) will occur(C) can occur(D) occurring9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle ofcapillary action.(A) All lamps early(B) Lamps all early(C) All early lamps(D) Early all lamps10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called "the census taker of thesky."　(A) a leading astronomer who(B) who, as a leading astronomer,(C) was a leading astronomer(D) a leading astronomer,11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to thebody.(A) the stress it is greater(B) greater is the stress(C) greater stress is(D) the greater the stress12. And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.(A) how(B) of(C) by which(D) for it13. Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.(A) coolest(B) the coolest(C) cooler(D) the cooler14. Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.(A) far too(B) far and(C) so far(D) as far as15. Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.(A) because(B) if(C) when(D) and16. The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region were studied.　A B C D17. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour who originateover A B C D tropical ocean waters.　18. A great proportion of the seeds of desert flora they possess germination-inhibiting substances.　A B C D19. Window treatment, furniture arrangement and color combine all contribute to the overall A B C impression of a room.　D20. Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of A B Cmoisture, but both.　D21. Due to its excellent tensile strength, acetate rayon is an important material for products so as A B C balloons, parachutes, fire hoses, and webbing.　D22. It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural environment, butthey A Bwill reach a very old age if left undisturbed by humans.　C D23. A footnote is characteristically employed to give information that is too long or too detailed A B C Dbe included in the body of a text.　24. Watercolors dry more faster than other paints.　A B C D25. In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or relating A B C D those objects.　26. Alike most fruit trees, the quince is normally propagated from shoots or cuttings.　A B C D27. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time.　A B C D28. In 1981 the fossil jaw of a previously unknown small mammal was found onto a Navaho A B C Dreservation in Arizona.　29. The wild carrot, knew as Queen Anne's lace, gave rise to the cultivated carrot in its A B Cdomesticated form.　D30. A statue, a monumental, a building, or a park may be dedicated to commemorate a A B Cdistinguished individual.　D31. The Earth's magnetic poles are not stationary, but slowly shift its position.　A B C D32. A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world.　A B C D33. The elbows are joints that connected people's up arms with their forearms.　A B C D34. Ants have an elaborate structure social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than that of most A B C Dinsects.　35. Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities.　A B C D36. A musician with multiply talents, Aretha Franklin is able to write songs that are unusually A B C consistent in style and content.　D37. Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of A B C Dphysiology and of culture.　38. One of the most distinction dialects of North American English, Gullah is spoken by many A B Cpeople in the South Carolina area.　D39. The novels of John Cheever belongs to a literary tradition that is concerned primarily with A B C D manners.　40. Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.A B C DＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ　ＦＩＶＥ　CPassage 1The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. Thc first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870's, however. steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating. stirring. and reheating iron oreThen the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle As the air shot. through the furnace. the bubbling metal? would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled. the metal had been changed. or converted. to steel. The Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel? in a matter of minutes.Just when the demand for more and more steel developed. prospectors discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120 - mile - long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam' shovels.Barges and steamers carried the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots or: the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed Gary. Indiana. and Toledo. Youngstown. and Cleveland. Chic. became major steel - manufacturing centers Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all.Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy - seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage( A)　The Railroad industry(B)　Famous Inventors( C)　Changing Iron into Steel(D)' Steel Manufacturing Centers2.According to the passage. the railroad industry try preferred steel to iron because steel was(A)　cheaper and more plentiful(B)　lighter. and easier to mold(C) cleaner. And easier to mine(D)stronger and more durable　3.　According to the passage, how did the Bessemer method make the mass production ofsteel possible?　(A) It directed air at melted iron in a furnace. removing all impurities.　(B) It slowly heated iron ore.. then stirred itand heated it again.C) It changed iron ore into iron, which was a substitute for steel.( D It could quickly find deposits 6f iron oreunder the ground.4.The furnace that Bessemer used to process iron into steel was called a(A)heater(B)steamer(C)converter(D)shower5.According to the passage. where were large deposits of iron one uncovered?(A)In Pittsburgh(B)In the Mesabi Range(C)Near Lake Michigan(D)Near Lake Erie6.In line 17 the words 'Barges and steamers could best be replaced by which of the following?(A)Trains(B)Planes(C)Boats(D)Trucks7.It can be inferred from the passage that the mass production of steel caused(A)a decline in the railroad industry　(B)a revolution in the industrial world　(C) an increase in the price of steel(D) a feeling of discontent among steel workPassage 2The origins of the horse go back to eohippus the "dawn horse" of me Eocene only 10 to 20 inches tall. Like its relatives the ancient tapir and rhinoceros, eohippus had four toes on its front feet, three on the rear, and teeth adapted to a forest diet of soft leaves. Bohippus died out about5(1 million years ago in both North America and Europe.Late ancestral horse types moved from their forest niche out onto the grassy plains. Their teeth ac to accommodate to hard siliceous grass. No longer could these protohorses slip away through thick forest when dancer threatened Escape now demanded speed and endurance Limbs crew longer. Extra toes became vestiges that were not visible externally1.The passage mainly discusses the(A) evolution of the horse(B) 5iZC of eohippus(C) animals of the Eocene(D) plight of endangered species2.The author states that eohipous was related to the(A) horsefly(B)tapeworm　(C)hippopotamus(D)rhinoceros3.What did the eohippus eat? (A) Rhinoceros meat (B) Soft leaves (C) Hard siliceous grass　(D) Other horses　2. In what way did predators present less of a threat to eohiopus than to later proto horses. (A) Eohippus was hidden by the forest.(B)Eohippus could run farther.(C)Eohiopus was not edible.(D) Eohipous was larger and stronger5.Tne paragraph following the passage most probably discusses(A)other changes that the rhinoceros has undergone(B)more reasons for the extinction of eohiopus(C)further development of early horse types.(D)the diet of eohippus.Passage 3In terrestrial affairs we think of "big" as being complicated; a city is more intricate than a village. an ocean more complicated than a puddle. For the universe. the reverse seems to be the case bigger is simpler Galaxies have some puzzling features. but on the whole. they are scarcely more complicated than the stars that compose them Beyond the galaxies. in the hierarchy of the cosmos. there are clusters of galaxies; these clusters are loosely bound by the gravity of their largest members and tend to look very much the same in all directions. Simplest of all is the universe at large. it is far less complicated than the Earth, one of its most trivial members. The universe consists of billions of galaxies flying apart as if from an explosion that set it in motion'. it is not lopsided. nor does it rotate. The more thoroughly scientists investigate the universe. the more clearly its simplicity shines through.1. What is the main point made in the passage? (A)The Earth is more complicated than the solar system(B)　The universe is filled with puzzling materials.(C)　The universe is a relatively simple phenomenon.(D) Galaxy clusters are an illusion.2.Acoording to the passage. clusters of galaxies are(A) indiscernible in the cosmos(B) held together by gravity(C) made up of only one or two galaxies(D) created when stars explode3.According to the passage, which of the fllowing is the most complicated?(A) The Earth(B) A cluster of galaxies(C) The universe(D) A galaxy4. It can be inferred from the passage that future research will support which of thefollowing statements?(A) Scientists in the past have been misled by the apparent simplicity of the universe.(B) The chaos and confusion of the universe will never be understood(C) Findings will confirm the belief that the universe is simple(D) Billions of galaxies are predicted to explode, adding to universal complexity.Passage 4Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such asmotorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill - climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off - road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long - range effects on the area' 5 water - conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy arid soilresulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off - road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles.1. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Problems caused by recreational vehicles(B) Types of off - road vehicles(C) Plants of the southwestern desert(D) The increasing number of recreation seekers2. According to the passage, what is being damaged?(A) Motorcycles(B) The desert landscape(C) Roads through the desert(D) New plant species3. According to the passage, the damage to plants is(A) unnoticeable(B) superficial(C) long-lasting(D) irreparable4. According to the passage, what happens when the soil is compacted?(A) Little water seeps through (B) Better roads are made(C) Water is conserved (D) Deserts are expanded5. What is happening to the desert hillsides?(A)The topsoil is being eroded(B)The surface is being irrigated(C) There are fewer types of plants growing on them(D)There are fewer streams running through them6.According to the passage, what is happening to native plants in these areas?(A)They are becoming more compact(B)They are adapting(C)They are invading other areas(D)They are dying7.It can be inferred that which of the following people would probably be most alarmed by the scientists' findings?(A)Historians (B)Mapmakers (C)Farmer (D) EcologistsPassage5　Certainly one of the most intelligent and best educated women of her day, MercyOtis Warren produced a variety of poetry and prose. Her farce The Group ( 1776) was the hit of revolutionary Boston. a collection of two plays and poems appeared in 1790,and he three - volume History of the Rise. Progress. and Termination of the American Revolution. Interspersed with Biographical and Moral Observations appeared in 1805 She wrote other farces. as well as anti -Federalist pamphlet. Observations on the New Constitution. and on the Federal and State Conventions(1788) There is no modern edition of her works. but there are two twentieth - century biographies. one facsimile edition of The Group. and a generous discussion of her farces and plays in Arthur Hubson Quinn's A History of the American Drama From the Beginning to the Civil Wa r. Of her non-dramatic poetry. critics rarely speakMercy Otis was born into a prominent'. family in Barnstable. Massachusetts. In 1754, she married James Warren. a Harvard friend of James Otis and John Adams. comes Warren was to become a member of the Massachusetts legislature just before the war and a financial aide to Washington during the war with the rank of major general). The friendship of the Warrens and Adamses was lifelong and close: Abigail Adams was one 0* Mercy Warren's few close friends. Following the war. James Warren reentered politics to oppose the Constitution because he feared that it did not adequately provide for protection of individual rights. Mercy Warren joined her husband in political battle. out the passage of the Bill of flights marked the end of their long period of political agitation.In whatever literary form Warren wrote. she had but one theme-liberty. In her farces and history. it was national and political freedom. In her poems. it was intellectual freedom. In her anti - Federalist pamphlet. it was individual freedom. Throughout all of these works. moreover.runs the thread of freedom (equal treatment) for women. Not militant. she nevertheless urged men to educate their daughters and to treat their wives as equals.1. Which of the following is the main topic of the Passage?(A) Mercy Otis Warren and other poets of the Revolutionary War period(B)　The development of Mercy Otis Warren' 5 writing style(C)　Mercy Otis Warren' 5 contributions to American literature and society(D)　The friends and acquaintances of Mercy Otis Warren2. In what year was Warren's pamphlet about the Constitution written?(A)1776(B) 1788(C)1790(D)18053. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a kind of writing done by Warren?(A) Farces(B) Poetry(C) Plays(D) Advertisements4. The author implies that Mercy Otis Warren felt the Constitution would fail to Protect(A) literary progress(B) political parties(C) the American economy(D) personal freedom5.In line 21 the word "but" could best be replaced by which of the following?　(A) only (B) yet (C) still (D) however6.According to the passage. the kind of liberty emphasized in Warren's poems was(A) national (B) intellectual (C) political (D) religious7.In lines 24 - 25, the author refers to Warren as "not militant" to indicate that she (A)remainedpolitically aloof(B)did not continue agitating for a Bill of flights(C)did not campaign aggressively for women's rights(D)did not support military conscription。

2007年托福口语真题答案3

2007年托福口语真题答案3T1. State one of your challenging experiences. Explain why it is challenging and how you conquered this challenge.Something challenging that I ever did was the first time I gave a public speech when I was in middle school.As we know, the biggest concern about public speaking is the anxiety. It was not that I hadn’t done such a thing before, but that I hadn’t got it well prepared. Also, it was a large audience of over 1,000 students and the teaching staff.A couple of days before the speech, I couldn’t sleep well, so I asked my politics teacher --- a very nice person, for help. She gave me very useful suggestions----- think postively and take action, which still works for me right now. Then I did as I was advised to. Though I could have done worse than I had expected, I wouldn’t lose anything, but get valuable experience. Keeping this in mind, I practiced over and over again in front of a mirror. Eventually, I made it.注：描述经历时，过程较多，适合用短句。

托业阅读全真模拟1000题

托业阅读全真模拟1000题在现代社会中，英语已经成为一种全球通用的语言。

无论是商务交流、学术研究还是国际旅行，掌握好英语都是非常重要的。

为了帮助人们提高英语水平，托福考试已经成为了很多人的选择。

而为了更好地备考，托业阅读全真模拟1000题成为了很多考生的首选。

托业阅读全真模拟1000题是一本专门为托福考试准备的模拟题集。

它包含了1000道真实的托福阅读题目，涵盖了各个考试难度。

通过做这些题目，考生可以更好地了解托福阅读考试的题型和要求，提高自己的阅读理解能力。

这本模拟题集的题目设计非常贴合托福考试的实际情况。

每道题目都有详细的解析和答案解释，考生可以通过对比自己的答案和标准答案，找出自己的不足之处，进而改进自己的答题技巧。

在做这些题目的过程中，考生可以学到很多托福阅读的解题技巧。

比如，如何快速找到关键词，如何分析文章结构，如何判断作者观点等等。

这些技巧不仅可以帮助考生在考试中更好地理解文章，还可以提高答题的准确性。

除了提供真实的题目和解析，这本模拟题集还提供了一些备考建议。

它告诉考生如何制定学习计划，如何进行有效的阅读训练，如何提高词汇量等等。

这些建议不仅适用于托福考试，也适用于其他英语考试和日常学习。

通过做托业阅读全真模拟1000题，考生可以不断提高自己的英语水平。

无论是阅读速度还是理解能力，都会得到极大的提升。

而且，这本模拟题集不仅适用于初学者，也适用于已经有一定英语基础的人。

它的题目设计非常灵活，可以根据不同的水平来调整难度。

综上所述，托业阅读全真模拟1000题是备考托福考试的理想选择。

通过做这些题目，考生可以提高自己的阅读理解能力，掌握托福阅读的解题技巧，提高英语水平。

无论是为了考试还是为了日常使用，都是非常有价值的学习资料。

2007年9月15日托福机经

阅读部分 1．About how trees survive in cold temperature. (⽣物：植物如何抗寒。

⽂章层次⽐较清楚，分别列举了三类的植物抗寒⽅式： 1）类似于枫树等植物通过在冬天落叶的⽅式来抗寒。

2）常青树通过⼀系列⽅式，包括排出⽔分，保持内部温度，控制叶⾯冰对叶内部的影响程度来抵抗寒冷。

3）⼤的仙⼈掌通过⽩天吸收热量，晚上放出来抗寒；⼩仙⼈掌通过罩在它上⾯植物⽩天吸收热量晚上放出这样类似的⽅式来抗寒。

但是，温度低于0度不能超过24⼩时，否则植物会因放出的热量不够维持⽣命⽽死亡（题）。

) 第⼀部分讲落叶树种，⼤概段意是落叶树在冬天的时候会把叶⼦掉光，也就是像动物的冬眠⼀样，然后冬芽winter buds 只有在春天天⽓变暖了以后才会开始发新芽。

以这种⽅式来保护⾃⼰的⽣长。

第⼆部分说常青树种，evergreens，他们的叶⼦四季常绿那怎样来抗寒呢？实在是想不起来了，呵呵。

第三部分说的是有⼀种特殊的树种，它是靠⽩天积聚周围的热量在⾝体⾥⾯，⽽且树越茂密越⼤，集聚的热量越多。

然后晚上温度⽐较冷的时候就消耗存储的热量。

这种数只有在Arizona Desert地区才⽐较多⽣长。

那么对于刚刚⽣长的这种树怎么办呢？它们还太⼩没有办法聚集⾜够的热量它们怎么抗寒呢。

科学家就发现原来那个地区还有另外⼀种植物，在这种特殊树种幼⼉阶段时，它们就长在这种植物下⾯没有这个植物长得⾼，这种植物就成为这个树种的shelter，就像我们⼈盖的⽑毯⼀样，等到这个树种慢慢长⼤超过这个植物了以后它就变成⼤⼈，可以⾃⽴了。

但是有⼀点要注意的就是这个树种不管⼤⼩他⽩天所聚集的能量只能让它维持24⼩时以内的消耗。

所以这是为什么这个树种只能在特定的地区，也就是温度在零下不能持续24⼩时的地⽅。

这⾥有个考点，就是和这句话有关的。

Jade and Bronze in ancient China记得不是很熟，因为细节点太多。

2007年全年托福考试机经大全

2007年全年托福考试机经大全2007年托福考试机经目录07年新托福阅读机经 (2)07年新托福听力机经 (29)07年新托福口语机经 (55)07年新托福综合写作机经 (74)07年新托福独立写作机经 (84)07年新托福阅读机经1月13日第一篇：进化论/自然选择生物学的文章，关于进化的一些最新发现。

首先说达尔文提出由于物种进化需要很长的1.时间，因此不可能会被人类观察到。

但是最近的一些发现却说明某些物种进化时间很短，可以被科学家所观察。

然后，提出了一个关于环境与物种生存周期的假说，还说某个科学家研究一种鱼类证明了这个假说的合理性。

这种鱼在高处和低处都有，在低处的鱼捕食者较多，生存环境较为恶劣。

科学家把低处的鱼放到高处，大概十几年后，这些鱼体型变大了，生长周期变慢了，产的卵更大了，等等。

然后说了另一个科学家的研究。

这个科学家研究鸟类，其中一种鸟的喙比另一种的大。

某年，这些鸟类生存的地区气候变迁，某种坚果的产量下降；喙小的鸟只能吃较小的坚果，而喙大的鸟既能吃小的坚果，也能吃大的更硬的坚果；于是更多的喙大的鸟存活了下来。

而且，这些存活的鸟的后代的喙都增大了4%。

后来的内容记不清了，文章主要就是这样了。

2.生命起源也是生物学的文章，关于巴斯德（曲颈瓶的发明者，反对生命自然发生说）以及米勒的实验（将碳氢化合物分子，如甲烷、氨和氢等与水混合，一起灌入到一个特殊的玻璃装置中，给瓶内混合物加热，使之不断沸腾，产生气体。

气体经过一个装有两个电极的小室，室内连续产生火花，犹如大自然的闪电和火山爆发，然后经过冷却又变成液体回到原处。

最后产生了组成现代生命的蛋白质结构中的几种氨基酸成分）。

文章首先说人们认为微生物是自然发生的，巴斯德却认为微生物本来就存在于空气中，像尘埃一样到处飘。

为了验证他的观点，就做了一个实验：把一锅汤煮沸然后密封，多天之后汤没有变质，说明没有产生微生物。

反对者又说必须要与大气接触才会有化学反应从而出现微生物，于是巴斯德设计了一种曲颈瓶，瓶内的液体可以接触外界空气，但是空气中微生物无法进入瓶中。

07英语试题

07英语试题2007级入学英语分级考试试题College English placement Test September, 2007SectionA (0.5%,5%)Directions:In this section,you will hear several statement. Each statement will be read only once. Then there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which one is closet in meaning to the statement you have just heare. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.A.Mary did not call billB.Mary callde BillC.Mary answered Bill callD.Bill answered Mary call2.A.The Smiths have lived here longer than we haveB.We have lived here longer than the SmithsC.The Smiths have lived here longD.We haven’t lived here long and neither have the SmithsB.Bod enjoys lying on the beach mostC.Bob likes swimming and then sitting in the sun bestD.To Bob, swimming and sitting on the beach are a waste of time4.A.He never walks to the library at nightB.There is only one librarian here at nightC.The library is the only place to stay atD.He never works in the library in the daytime5.A.The children went home before finishing their gameB.One child left earlier than the othersC.Two children stop went home before the third stopped playingD.Two children stop playing before the third one left6.A.John was born on the 15thB. John was born on the 30 thC.John was born on the 13thD.John was born in 19307.A.I called himB.I forgot to call himC.I didn’t call himD.I forgot calling him8.A.A snake was crossing his feetB.A snake was by his feetC. He was crawling across a snake.D. He was playing with a snake9.A. He was interesting.B. We were interesting.C. He was interested.D. We were interested.10.A. Talking makes me tired.B. I don’t like talking.C. Though I feel tired, I’ll talk.D. I don’t want to talk.Section B (1%,5%)Directions: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.11.A. He left his notes in class.B. He borrowed the notes from his classmate.C. He needn’t have the exam.D. A classmate borrowed his note.12.A. He has a better idea.B. It would be better if Mary could come with him.C. He thinks Mary’s idea is the best.D. Mary should come up with a better idea.13.A .Finish the workB. Wait until next morningC. Go homeD. Have a rest there14.A. they don’t have to go to the concertB his brother will let them use the carC. The subway is fine with her.D They’ll have to rent a car as early as possible15.A .he wants the others to follow himB. he must study the animal he caughtC. he is behind in his schoolworkD. he will catch up with them thenSection C (1% 15%)Directions : in this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken two times. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer form the four choices marked A,B,Cand D. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1 Questions 16 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A. At SydneyB. At ChicagoC. At Hong KongD At Melbourne17.A. A number of iron boxesB. A pile of woollen goodsC. A number of wooden boxesD. Some clothing18.A. A boxB. A catC. A womanD. A man19.A. After the plane left LondonB. before the plane left LondonC. Two days agoD. That morning20.A. ￡345B. ￡435C. ￡230D. ￡335Passage 2Questions 21 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.21.A. By taxiB. By busC. On footD. By car22.A. Buckingham PalaceB. Oxford StreetC. The National GalleryD. The British Museum23.A. Have some very good mealsB. Go shoppingC. See some very good playsD. Do sightseeing24.A.They thought English food was bad.B.They will visit London again.C.They visited London last October.D.They didn’t take their umbrella last year.25.A.The couple enjoyed themselves very much in London.B.London is the best place to visit.C.The couple saw a lot in London.D.It often rains in London.Passage 3 Questions 26 to 30 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.A.The origin of language is a legend handed down from the past.B.The origin of language is a question difficult to answer.C.The origin of language was not known until recently.D.The origin of language is a problem not yet solved.27.A.They could agree upon certain signs.B.They could communicate with each other.C.They could write them down..D.They could combine them.28.A.They are used to express fellings only.B.They can not be written downC.They are simply soundsD.They are mysterious29.A.The real poet is no more than a master of words.B.The real poet can convey his meaning in words which sing like music.C.The real poet’s style is charming.D.The real poet can move women to tears.30.A.The initial use of letters.B.The power of words.C.The first letters human being used.D.The invention of words.Part II.Reading Comprehension(1%,20%)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or Unfinished statemenets.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage1 Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or only there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive design is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather uninteresting book. You soon become lost in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realise you have spent far too much time there and must hurry to keep some forgotten appointment --without buying a book, of course.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can go to such places as much as you wish. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the greeting:"Can I help you, sir?" You needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop, an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished reading. You may want to find out where a particular section is. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. But when he has led you there, the assistant should leave politely and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.31. The best title for this passage may be.A. The Attraction of BookshopsB. How To Spend Your TimeC. Bookshops and Their assistantsD. Buying Books32. According to the author, the best way to escape the realities of everyday life is.A. to chat with assistants in a bookshopB. to take a walk in the streetsC. to make some appointment in a bookshopD. to stay reading books of various kinds in a bookshop33. In a good bookshop,______.A.all the books there are interestingB.you are satisfiedC.you can find shelter from a showerD.you need to buy something you don’t want34.An assistant in a bookshop helps you_____.A.on your entering the shopB.just before you finish readingC.only when you want to find out where q particular section isD.when you are reading35.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true?A.Time spent in a bookshop can be enjoyable only for book-lovers.B.There are only a few places where it is possible to escape the realities of life.C.People go to bookshops only to buy books.D.A book with an attractive design must be an interesting one.Passage 2 Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas.(of these, only about half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75miles per hour or more that give them hurricane(飓风) status, and several usually make their way to the coast.) There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people. The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundreds——even thousands——of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases the young hurricane begins to turn in a counter-clockwise motion. The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea——the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.36.When is a storm considered to be a hurricane?A.When it is accompanied by wind.B.When it is accompanied by both wind and rain.C.When its circling winds move at 75 miles per hour or even more.D.When the circling winds bring damages.37.The underlined “innocent aircling disturbances” in Paragraph 2 meansA.innocent people causing small disturbances.B.innocent people causing big disturbancesC.damaging circling windsD.harmless circling winds.38.The underlined “it” in “moves upward through it “ in Paragraph2 refers toA. a disturbanceB.moist airC.trade windD. water39.Srong winds are produced becaused ofA.the young hurricaneB. the heat generated along with rainC.a disturbanceD.moist air40.Which of the following best summarizes the passage?A.The Hurricane – its harms and benefitsB.The origin and effects of hurricaneC.The hurricane and its great energyD.The disasters caused by hurricanesPassage 3 Trees are useful to man in three very important ways:they procide him with wood and other products;they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts and floods. Unfortunaterly, in many parts of the world, man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagemess to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers ,only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships,with which to gain itself an empire.(I gained the empire but,without its tree, its soil became hard and poor.When the empire fell to pieces, the home country found itself faced by floods and starvation.) Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the cillager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food with;and he can earn money by making charcoal or selling wood to the townsman.He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after new trees. So, unless the govermment has a good system of control,or can deucate the people, the forests will slowly disappear. This does no t only mean that the villagers’ sons and grandsons have fewertrees. The results are even more serious: for where there are trees their roots break the soil up------allowing the rain to sink in------and also bind the soil, thus preventing its being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away from the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the top-soil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert.41. What is the most important function of trees?A. Providing fuel.B. Offering shade.C. Preventing natural disasters.D. Providing charcoal.42. What eventually happened to the rich, powerful country 2000years ago?A. Its people died of hanger.B. It fell to pieces.C. It became a giant empire.D. It built many ships with wood.43. It is implied in the passage that the villager__________.A. wants a plentiful supply of trees for their lifeB. wants fire wood to cook their meals and warm themselvesC. wants to get money so that they can be richD. is not aware of the importance of environmental protection44. One of the roles of trees is to , according to the passage.A. decorate natureB. destroy an empireC. harden soilD. keep soil in position45. What is the passage mainly concerned with?A. The three benefits provided by trees.B. Trees and soil conservation.C. The various uses of trees.D. The different attitudes of the government and the villagers toward trees.Passage 4 Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Our boat floated on, between walls of forest too thick to allow us a view of the land we were passing through, though we knew from the map that our river must from time to time be passing through chains of hills which crossed the jungle plains. Nowhere did we find a place where we couldhave landed, where the jungle did not actually spread right down into the river, banks of soft mud prevented us going ashore. In any case, what would we have gained by landing? The country was full of snakes and other dangerous creatures, and the jungle was so thick that one would be able to advance only slowly, cutting one’s way with knives the whole way. So we stayed in the boat, hoping that when we reach the sea, a friendly fisherman would pick us up and take us to civilization. We lived on fish, caught with a home-made net of string (we had no hooks), and any fruit and nuts we could pick up out of the water. As we had no fire, we had to eat everything, including the fish,raw.I had never tasted raw fish before,and I must say I did not much enjoy the experience:perhaps sea-fish which do not live in the mud are less tasteless.After rating my raw fish,I lay back and dreamed of such things as fried chicken and rice,andice-cream.In the never ending damp heat of the jungle,ice-cream was aparticularly frequent dream. As for water,there was a choice:we could drink the muddy river water,or die of thirst.We drank the water.(Men who have just escaped what had appreared to be certain death lose all worries about such small things as diseases caused by dirty water.)In fact,none of us suffered from any illness as a result. One day we passed another village,but fortunately nobody saw us.We did not wish to risk being taken prisoners a second time:we might not be so lucky as to escape in a stolen boat again.46.It can be inferred from the passage that they had been in.A.an untnhabited areaB.an enemy countryC.a primitive areaD.a hunting ground47.According to the passage,they would Not go ashore where .A.trees reached the riverB.the river side was covered with soft mudC.they could not find human helpD.they might meet enemies48.What did they do on the river bankA.They killed snakesB.They had to cut their way forward.C.They found a boatD.They did not go ashore49.According to the author,__________.A.Sea fish tasted better than fish in muddy waterB.Sea fish tasted worse than fish in muddy waterC.Sea fish in muddy water were tastelessD.Sea fish in muddy water were less tasteless50.Why did the author drink the river water ?A.Because the water was free from germs.B.Because they had experienced something worse.C.Because they were not likely to be affected by disease.D.Because they were too healthy fo fall ill.Part 3 Vocabulary and Structure (35%)Section A (1%,30%)Directions:There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,Cand D.Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.51.There is ______resemblance between Jane and Mary,who are just in the same class.It is hard to tell one from the other.A. inspiringB.strikingC. excitingD.overwelming52. It’s very expensive to ______the fashion.A. go along withB. get on withC. keep up withD. carry on with53. Despite ______ damaging testimony, the jury may decide for the plaintiff.A. the fact of the witness’sB. the witness’sC. there being the witness’sD. the witness54. He invented a plough ______any other in existence.A. far superior toB. more superior thanC. more superior toD. much superior than55. I can’t bear the noise of my brother’s radio; it _____ me from my work.A. disturbsB. perturbsC. interruptsD. distracts56.Students who pass the test will beto the next grade.A.progressedB.proceededC.promotedD.proposed57.If this bill not paid within five days,your gas supply will beA.abandonedB.cut offC.turnde downD.lost touch58.When no one answered the door,shethrough the window to see if anyone was there.A.spottedB.inquiredC.scannedD.peered59.Standwhen you’re being spoken to.A.highlyB.uprightC.primlyD.right away60.Althouh you realize the importance of how you handle stress,sometimes it is difficult to know the best way toanxiety.A.relaxB.releaseC.cutD.relieve61.A large part of human activity,particularly in relation to the environment,isconditions or events.A. in contrast toB. in favor ofC. in response toD. in case of62. She said she liked dancing but was not in the _____ for it just then.A. mannerB. intentionC. desireD. mood63. She was hired by the company to ______ the ads on the street.A. hand inB. hand outC. hand overD. hand on64.Don’t trust him, for he always______ his words.A. reverts toB. breaks offC. goes back onD. turns into65. The plan seems quit simple to me, but I just can’t _______to m y classmates.A. get it acrossB. get at itC. get it downD. get through it66. Her daughter does not ______ her in any way.A. take apartB.take afterC.take inD. take up67. The firm__________its sales force due to the economic depression.A. Ran intoB.Ran out ofC.Ran overD.Ran down68. The book ____tells about how to get along with others.A. In questionB. Out of the questionC. Out of questionD. With regard to69. We are going to _________a new play early next month.A. Pull onB. Put onC. Pull upD. Put up70. The drowning man tried hard to _____the wood so that he would not sink.A. Head forB.Hang aroundC.Hang upD.Hang onto71. The hard students studies, ________.A the more his body gives off heatB his body gives more heatC the more heat does his body gives offD the more heat his body gives off72.Dick didn't want to walk home because he was used to _______at school every day.A.pick upB.being picked upC.picking upD.be picked up73.This disturbing experience proved to be _______,since it taught me never to allow ideas to become rooted in the mind.A.of great importanceB.as of importanceC.on great importanceD.as important74.You will have to pay a fine,_______ you return those books to the library immediately.A.untilB.unlessC.ifD.provided75.By the end of June, you ________here for three months.A.will have studiedB.studiesC. will studyD.have studies76-------- I try , I cannot find the answer.A HoweverB Hovever hardC No matterD Even77. You two have been growing up together ever since you were a little boy and a little girl. You _____ close friendship ever since childhoodA. haveB. must have hadC. hadD. must have78, He wants to be _____Newton and Einstein.A .a great scientist asB. as great a scientist asC. as a great scientist asD. such a great scientist as79. Newton proved that it is ______ the moon is pulled out of a straight path and kept in orbit.A. by the force of gravityB. by the force of gravity whichC. by the force of gravity thatD. by the force of gravity with which80. By using space technology China can predict natural disasters __, Luan said.A. far more precisely than generally thoughtB. far precisely as generally thoughtC. more precise than generally thinkingD. more precisely that of general thought81.May I have a book on the basic principles of electronics,please?A.fundementalB.majorC.elementaryD.initial82.When the bell rang,the teacher ugered the students to hand in their papers.A.orderedB.demandedpelledD.pressed83.It is known to us that excessive working also injures people’s health.A.toleratesB.curesC.brings throughD.does harm to84.Collins was so seriously injured that he was unable continue his career.A.resumedB.asummedC.consumedD.ensure85.The president spoke to the audience on cleaning up the country.A.addressedB.mentionedC.indicatedD.saidSection BDirection: from the four choices given, choose the ONE that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in the sentence.86. Even a small screw might put a huge machine out of action.A. greatB. giganticC. enormousD. large87. The runaway had been in flight for a couple of days and was caught at the entrance to the library this morning.A. by planeB. in the long runC. on the runD. by air88. Once the brain is hurt , there is no replacement for it .A, substitute B. settlement C. operation D. organ89. Please express my good wish to your parents. I haven’t met them for years .A. informB. amuseC. denyD. convey90. After months of direct sunshine , the color of the wall paper has gone.A, departed B. faded C. exited D. droppedPart IV.Cloze (1%,20%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Many large cities are(91)-but beautiful.Street arelittered(92)-garbage.In the garbage,however,there is still something that can be(93)-. (94)-people want to solve the problem of waste,there is no time to be(95)-.They must work(96)-ways of making use of good things which are just thrown away(97)-waste. When a car gets too old,it may not run(98)-But the metal that the car was made(99)-is still good.It can be put(100)-use again. When a bottle is empty,it goes(101)-the garbage.But bottle glass can be(102)-into sand and used to(103)-streets. Garbage(104)-food can be changed into fertilizer.But first you have to(105)-all the glass and metal. Garbage can also be a good(106)-for marking building blocks,which are then covered with concrete.Now,more and more machines are(107)-for this purpose.Someday,people will watch films in a magnificent cinema which has been built(108)-garbage.Future buildings,road,and cities may be made from (109)-.But so far,building beautiful cities out of garbage is only(110)-.。

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2007年托福考试全真试题测试Reading ComprehensionTime: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directio ns). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1——10The word laser was coined as an acronym for Light A mplification by the StimulatedEmission of Radiation. Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emittedspontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of ex cess energy by themselves, withoutany outside intervention . Stimulated emission is diffe rent because it occurs when anatom or molecule holding onto excess energy has bee n stimulated to emit it as light.Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in apaper published in 1917. However , for many years ph ysicists thought that atoms andmolecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulatedemission thus always would be much weaker. It was not until after the Second WorldWar that physicists began trying to make stimulated e mission dominate. They soughtways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many other to emit light ,amplifying it to much higher powers.The first to succeed was Charles H.Townes, then at C olombia University in NewYork . Instead of working with light , however, he work ed with microwaves, which havea much longer wavelength, and built a device he calle d a "maser" for MicrowaveAmplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation . Although he thought of thekey idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed un til a couple of years later. Beforelong, many other physicists were building masers and trying to discover how to producestimulated emission at even shorter wavelength.The key concepts emerged about 1957. Townes and A rthur Schawlow, then at BellTelephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplifystimulated emission of visible light waves. At about th e same time, similar ideascrystallized in the mind of Gordon Gould, then a 37- ye ar-old graduate student atColumbia, who wrote them down in a series of notebo oks. Townes and Schawlowpublished their ideas in a scientific journal, Physical R eview Letter, but Gould filed apatent application. Three decades later, people still ar gue about who deserves the creditfor the concept of the laser.1. The word "coin" in line 1 could be replaced by(A) created(B) mentioned(C) understood(D) discovered2. The word "intervention" in line 4 can best be replac ed by(A) need(B) device(C) influence(D) source3. The word "it" in line 5 refers to(A) light bulb(B) energy(C) molecule(D) atom4. Which of the following statements best describes a laser?(A) A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to e mit light(B) An atom in a high-energy state(C) A technique for destroying atoms or molecules(D) An instrument for measuring light waves5. Why was Towne’s early work with stimulated emissi on done with microwaves?(A) He was not concerned with light amplification(B) It was easier to work with longer wavelengths.(C) His partner Schawlow had already begun work on the laser.(D) The laser had already been developed6. In his research at Columbia University, Charles Tow nes worked with all of the following EXCEPT(A) stimulated emission(B) microwaves(C) light amplification(D) a maser7.In approximately what year was the first maser built?(A) 1917(B) 1951(C) 1953(D) 19578. The word "emerged" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) increased(B) concluded(C) succeeded(D) appeared9. The word "outlining" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) assigning(B) studying(C) checking(D) summarizing10. Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser?(A) The researchers’ notebooks were lost.(B) Several people were developing the idea at the sa me time.(C) No one claimed credit for the development until re cently.(D) The work is still incomplete.Question 11——21Panel painting, common in thirteenth -and fourteenth -century Europe , involved apainstaking , laborious process. Wooden planks werejoined, covered with gesso toprepare the surface for painting , and then polished s mooth with special tools. On thisperfect surface, the artist would sketch a composition with chalk, refine it with inks,and then begin the deliberate process of applying thin layers of egg tempera paint (eggyolk in which pigments are suspended) with small bru shes. The successive layering ofthese meticulously applied paints produced the final, t ranslucent colors.Backgrounds of gold were made by carefully applying sheets of gold leaf, and thenembellishing of decorating the gold leaf by punching it with a metal rod on which apattern had been embossed. Every step in the process was slow and deliberate . Thequick-drying tempera demanded that the artist know e xactly where each stroke beplaced before the brush met the panel, and it required the use of fine brushes. It was,therefore , an ideal technique for emphasizing the hard linear edges and pure, fine areasof color that were so much a part of the overall aesthe tic of the time. The notion that anartist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of sponta neous inspiration wascompletely alien to these deliberately produced works. Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-con suming that it demandedassistance. All such work was done by collective ente rprise in the workshops. Thepainter or master who is credited with having created painting may have designedthe work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist’s handapplied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numero us assistants, who had beentrained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. T he carpenter’s shop probablyprovided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, a nd yet another shop supplied thegold. Thus, not only many hands , but also many shop s were involved in the finalproduct.In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, a nd preservation many panelpaintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections11. What aspect of panel paintings does the passa ge mainly discuss?(A) Famous examples(B) Different styles(C) Restoration(D) Production12. According to the passage, what does the first step in making a panel painting ?(A) Mixing the paint(B) Preparing the panel(C) Buying the gold leaf(D) Making ink drawings13. The word "it" in line 4 refers to .(A) chalk(B) composition(C) artist(D) surface14. The word "deliberate" in line 5 is closest in m eaning to(A) decisive(B) careful(C) natural(D) unusual15. Which of the following processes produced the translucent colors found on panel paintings?(A) Joining wooden planks to form large sheets(B) Polishing the gesso(C) Applying many layers of paint(D) Covering the background with gold leaf16. What characteristic of tempera paint is mention ed in the passage ?(A) It dries quickly(B) It is difficut to make(C) It dissolves easily(D) It has to be applied directly to wood17. The word "demanded" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) ordered(B) reported(C) required(D) questioned18. The "collective enterprise" mentioned in line 18 includes all of the following EXCEPT(A) supplying the gold leaf(B) building the panels(C) applying the paint(D) selling the painting19. The word "imitate" in line 22 is closest in mea ning to(A) copy(B) illustrate(C) promote(D) believe in20. The author mentions all of the following as pro blems with the survival of panel painting EXCEPT(A) condition(B) theft(C) preservation(D) restoration21. The word "them" in line 27 refers to(A) problems(B) condition, restoration, preservation(C) panel paintings(D) museum collectionsQuestion 22——32Crows are probably the most frequently met and e asily identifiable members of the native fauna of th e United States . The great number of tales, legen ds, and myths about these birds indicates that pe ople have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive ——particularly behavioral ——info rmation, crows are less well known than many co mparably common species and, for that matter, no t a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered Cal ifornia condor, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this. Crows are notoriou sly poor and aggravating subjects for field researc h. Keen observers and quick learners, they are as tute about the intentions of other creatures, includ ing researchers, and adept at avoiding them. Beca use they are so numerous, active, and monochro matic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow from a nother. Bands, radio transmitters, or other identifyi ng devices can be attached to them , but this of course requires catching live crows, who are amon g the wariest and most untrappable of birds. Tech nical difficulties aside , crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so complex and various. As preeminent is generalists, member s of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources, and they can quickly a djust to changes in their circumstances. Being soeducable, individual birds have markedly different i nterests and inclinations, strategies and scams. Fo r example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door. When the dog escaped, the bird went into the ken nel and ate its food.22.What is the main topic of the passage?(A) The ways in which crows differ from other co mmon birds(B) The myths and legends about crows(C) The characteristics that make crows difficult to study(D) The existing methods for investigating crow be havior23. According to the first paragraph, what evidence is there that crows have interested people for a l ong time?(A) The large number of stories about crows.(B) The frequency with which crows are sighted(C) The amount of research that has been conduct ed on crows(D) The ease with which crows are identified24. The word "comparable" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) interestingly(B) similar(C) otherwise(D) sometimes25. In line 6, the author mention the endangered C alifornia condor as an example of a species that i s(A) smaller than the crow(B) easily identifiable(C) featured in legends(D) very rare26. In line 6, the author mentions the endangered California condor as an example of a species that is(A) crows(B) subjects(C) intentions(D) researchers27.According to the second paragraph, crows are poor subjects for field research for all of the follo wing reasons EXCEPT(A) They can successfully avoid observers.(B) They are hard to distinguish from one anothe r(C) They can be quite aggressive.(D) They are difficult to catch.28. In the second paragraph, the author implies th at using radio transmitters would allow a research er who studies crow to(A) identify individual crows(B) follow flocks of crows over long distances(C) record the times when crows are most active(D) help crows that become sick or injured29. According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true about crows?(A) They seldom live in any one place for very lon g.(B) They thrive in a wide variety of environments.(C) They have marked preferences for certain kind s of foods.(D) They use up the resources in one area before moving to another.30. In line 19,the word "inclinations" is closest in meaning to(A) tricks(B) opportunities(C) preferences(D) experiences31. In lines 19-21, the author mentions a pet crow to illustrate which of the following?(A) The clever ways that crows solve problems(B) The differences between pet crows and wild cr ows(C) The ease with which crows can be tamed(D) The affection that crows show to other creatures32. Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?(A) Crows have relatively long lives.(B) Crows have keen vision(C) Crows are usually solitary(D) Crows are very intelligent.QUESTIONS 33-41In the early days of the United States, postal char ges were paid by the recipient and Charges varied with the distance carried. In 1825, the United Stat es Congress permitted local postmasters to give le tters to mail carriers for home delivery, but these carriers received no government salary and their e ntire compensation depended on what theywere paid by the recipients of individual letters. In 1847 the United States Post Office Department ad opted the idea of a postage stamp, which of cours e simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the p ost office and did not include carrying it to a priv ate address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a p opulation of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and co ngestion of individual citizens looking for their lett ers was itself enough to discourage use of the ma il. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying a nd express businesses developed. Although their a ctivities were only semilegal, they thrived, and actu ally advertised that between Boston and Philadelph ia they were a half-day speedier than the governm ent mail. The government postal service lost volum e to private competition and was not able to handl e efficiently even the business it had. Finally, in 1 863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that deli very. But this delivery service was at first confinedto cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United St ates, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. Th e rest, nearly three-quarters of t he population, still received no mail unless they w ent to their post office.33. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The increased use of private mail services(B) The development of a government postal syste m(C) A comparison of urban and rural postal service s(D) The history of postage stamps.34. The word "varied" in line 2 could best be repla ced by(A) increased(B) differed(C) returned(D) started35. Which of the following was seen as a disadvan tage of the postage stamp?(A) It had to be purchased by the sender in advan ce.(B) It increased the cost of mail delivery.(C) It was difficult to affix to letters.(D) It was easy to counterfeit.36. Why does the author mention the city of Phila delphia in line 9?(A) It was the site of the first post office in the U nited States.(B) Its postal service was inadequate for its popula tion.(C) It was the largest city in the United States in 1 847.(D) It was commemorated by the first United State s postage stamp.37. The word "cumbersome" in line 13 is closest i n meaning to(A) burdensome(B) handsome(C ) loathsome(D) quarrelsome38. The word "they" in line 15 refers to(A) Boston and Philadelphia(B) businesses(C) arrangements(D) letters39. The private postal services of the nineteenth c entury claimed that they could do which of the foll owing better than the government?(A) Deliver a higher volume of mail.(B) Deliver mail more cheaply.(C) Deliver mail faster.(D) Deliver mail to rural areas.40. In 1863 the United States government began pr oviding which of the following to mail carriers? (A) A salary(B) Housing(C) Transportation(D) Free postage stamps41. The word "Confined" in line 21 is closest in m eaning to(A) granted(B) scheduled(C) limited(D) recommendedQuestions 43-50Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for st udying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of the more immediate past. This has b een called "historical archaeology," a term that is used in the United States to refer to any archaeolo gical investigation into North American sites that p ostdate the arrival of Europeans. Back in the 1930’s and 1940’s, when building restoration was popular, historical archaeology was primarily a tool of a rchitectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologi sts was to find the foundations of historic building s and then take a back seat to architects. The ma nia for reconstruction had largely subsided by 195 0’s. Most people entering historical archaeology du ring this period came out of university anthropolog y departments., where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniqu es they used were designed to help them understa nd, as scientists, how people behaved. But becaus e they were treading on historical ground for whic h there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to America nhistory remained circumscribed. Their reports, high ly technical and sometimes poorly written, went un read.。