化学常用前缀和后缀
化学常用前后缀
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化学常用前缀和后缀acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原上)-yne 炔常用化学名称数字前缀831中文名数字前缀半0.5 hemi-单 1 -mono-倍半 1.5 sesqui-双 2 di-,bi-,双倍半 2.5 hemipenta-三 3 tri-四 4 tetra-五 5 penta-六 6 hexa-七7 hepta-八8 octa-九9 ennea-,nona-十10 deca-十一11 hendeca-,undeca- 十二12 dodeca-十三13 trideca-十四14 tetradeca-十五15 pentadeca-十六16 hexadeca-十七17 heptadeca-十八18 octadeca-十九19 nonadeca-二十20 eicosa-二十一21 heneicosa-二十二22 docosa-二十三23 tricosa- 二十四24 tetracosa-二十五25 pentacosa-二十六26 hexacosa-二十七27 heptacosa-二十八28 octacosa-二十九29 nonacosa-三十30 triaconta-四十40 tetraconta-五十50 pentaconta-六十60 hexaconta-七十70 heptaconta-八十80 octaconta-九十90 nonaconta-一百100 hecta-一百零一101 henhecta-一白零二102 dohecta-一百一十110 decahecta-一百二十120 eicosahecta-词根ag,act 做,驱动agent代理人active活动的,积极的agr 农田agriculture农业agrarian田地的am 爱,亲爱amicable友善的amiable和蔼可亲的anim 心灵,精神,生命animal动物animate有生命的ann,enn 年annual一年的centennial一世纪的astro 星astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员audi 听audience听众audible听得见的bell 战争rebellion反叛,反抗bellicose好战的bio 生命,常用的前缀后缀词根一.常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, countercurrent (逆流)counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard, aside,2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”descend, degrade5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction (提取)8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互”international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间”Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次”postscript(附言),16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement 19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,预先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示“先,故,旧”expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中间”midnight, midsummer5)post-"表示“在后,后”postwar,6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新”retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越,额外”extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示“超过,极度”hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过,过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亚”subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副,次”vicepresident, vicechairman5. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。
化学化工专业词汇常用前后缀
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化学化工专业词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰acid 酸 -al醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮 diazo-重氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的 cyclo- 环 cyano-氰基deca- 十 -dine 啶dodeca- 十二 -ene 烯epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代 -form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐 -il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代 iso- 异,等,同 -ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮 ketone 酮 kilo- 千 -lactone 内酯mega- 106 meta- 间,偏 methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基 micro- 10-6 milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单 nitro- 硝基 nitroso- 亚硝基 nona- 九, nano- 10-9 nonadeca- 十九 octa- 八 octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的 -ol 醇 -one 酮 ortho- 邻,正,原 -ous 亚酸的,低价金属 oxa- 氧杂 -oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟 oxo- 酮 oxy- 氧化 -oyl 酰 para-对位,仲 penta-五pentadeca-十五 per- 高,过petro- 石油 phenol 苯酚 phenyl 苯基 poly- 聚,多pyro- 焦quadri- 四 quinque- 五 semi- 半septi- 七 sesqui- 一个半 sexi- 六 sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称 syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三 tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四 tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代 trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三 thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨 tri- 三trideca- 十三 tris- 三个 undeca- 十一 uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位 -yl 基 -ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔化学学科常用的缩略语ab. absolute 绝对的addn. addition 添加alc. alcohol 醇alk. alkali 碱) amt. amount 量RA.P. analytically pure 分析纯app. apparatus 装置approx. approximate 大约aqu.aqueous 水的asym. asymmetric 不对称的atm. atmospheric 大气压av. average 平均的b.p. boiling point 沸点ca. about 大约cal. caloric 卡路里calc. calculate 计算cf. compare 比较chem. chemistry 化学const. constant 常数Icontg. containing 含有…的compd. compound 化合物C.P. chemically pure 化学纯cryst. crystalline 晶体decomp. decompose 分解deriv. derivative 衍生detn. determination 测定dil. dilute 稀释的distd. distilled 蒸馏的e.g. for example 例如elec. electric 电的eq. equation 方程equil. equilibrium 平衡equiv.equivalent 等价的et. al. and others 以及其他人etc. et cetera 等等evap. evaporation 蒸发expt. experimental 实验的fig. figure 图hyd. hydrous 水的ibid.同前、如上,在同一地方lab. laboratory 实验室liq. liquid 液体L.R. laboratory reagent实验试剂manf. manufacture 制造max. maximum 最大的min. minute 最小的mixt. mixture 混合物mol.wt. molecular weight 分子量m.p. melting point 熔点分org. organic 有机的ppm. parts per million 百万分之一ppt.precipitated 沉淀的prep. prepare制备resp.respectively分别地sec. second 第二soln. solution 溶液solv. solvent 溶剂sp.gr. specific gravity 比重sq. square 平方sub. sublime 升华susp. suspended 悬浮地tech. technical 技术的Tech.P. technically pure 技术纯temp. temperature 温度vol. volume 体积wt. Weight 重量。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀
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-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2 chloro- 氯代chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1 二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106 meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6 milli- 10-3 mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9 nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔Bunsen burner 本生灯product反应产物flask烧瓶apparatus设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂卵形瓶matrass石蕊litmus石蕊试纸litmus paper 量筒,量杯graduate, graduated flask试剂reagent试管test tube 滴定管burette曲颈甑retort蒸馏釜still烤钵cupel坩埚crucible pot, melting pot吸液管pipette 滤管filter搅拌棒stirring rod丙酮:acetone异丙醇:isopropyl alcohol 叔戊醇:amylene alcohol 杂质:impurity水分:water content moisture content ;water content ;watercontent硅烷:silicane 苯甲腈:cyanobenzene丙烷基, 丙基propyl氰基胍, 二聚氨基氰dicyandiamide物理化学英语词汇BET公式BET formula DLVO理论DLVO theory HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method pVT性质pVT property ζ电势zeta potential 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law 阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory 阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation 阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy 阿马格定律Amagat law 艾林方程Erying equation 爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence 爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation 安托万常数Antoine constant 安托万方程Antoine equation 盎萨格电导Onsager’s theory of conductance 半电池half cell 半衰期half time period 饱和液体saturated liquids 饱和蒸气saturated vapor 饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption 饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure 爆炸界限explosion limits 比表面功specific surface work 比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function 比浓粘度reduced viscosity 标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential 标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy 标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction 标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy 标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy 标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy 标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function 标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant 标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode 标准态standard state 标准熵standard entropy 标准压力standard pressure 标准状况standard condition 表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight 表观迁移数apparent transference number 表面surfaces 表面过程控制surface process control 表面活性剂surfactants 表面吸附量surface excess表面质量作用定律surface mass action law 波义尔定律Boyle law 波义尔温度Boyle temperature 波义尔点Boyle point 玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant 玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution 玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula 玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem 玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics 泊Poise 不可逆过程irreversible process 不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change 布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle’s law 产率yield 敞开系统open system 超电势over potential 沉降sedimentation 沉降电势sedimentation potential 沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium 触变thixotropy 粗分散系统thick disperse system 催化剂catalyst 单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption 单分子反应unimolecular reaction 单链反应straight chain reactions 弹式量热计bomb calorimeter 道尔顿定律Dalton law 道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect 德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula 德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 等焓过程isenthalpic process 等焓线isenthalpic line 等几率定理theorem of equal probability 等温等容位Helmholtz free energy 等温等压位Gibbs free energy 等温方程equation at constant temperature 低共熔点eutectic point 低共熔混合物eutectic mixture 低会溶点lower consolute point 低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric 第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind 第三定律熵third-law entropy 第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind 缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption 电池常数cell constant 电池电动势electromotive force of cells 电池反应cell reaction 电导conductance 电导率conductivity 电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential 电功electric work 电化学electrochemistry 电化学极化electrochemical polarization 电极电势electrode potential 电极反应reactions on the electrode 电极种类type of electrodes 电解池electrolytic cell 电量计coulometer 电流效率current efficiency 电迁移electro migration 电迁移率electromobility 电渗electroosmosis 电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constantvolume 定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer 定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer 定域子系统localized particle system 动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system 对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume 对比体积reduced volume 对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure 对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions 对应状态原理principle of corresponding state 多方过程polytropic process 多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers 二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday’s law 反电动势back E.M.F. 反渗透reverse osmosis 反应分子数molecularity 反应级数reaction orders 反应进度extent of reaction 反应热heat of reaction 反应速率rate of reaction 反应速率常数constant of reaction rate 范德华常数van der Waals constant 范德华方程van der Waals equation 范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases 范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation 范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule 范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions 非体积功non-volume work 非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions 菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion 沸点boiling point 沸点升高elevation of boiling point 费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics 分布distribution 分布数distribution numbers 分解电压decomposition voltage 分配定律distribution law 分散系统disperse system 分散相dispersion phase 分体积partial volume 分体积定律partial volume law 分压partial pressure 分压定律partial pressure law 分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions 分子间力intermolecular force 分子蒸馏molecular distillation 封闭系统closed system 附加压力excess pressure 弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 负极negative pole 负吸附negative adsorption 复合反应composite reaction 盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law 盖斯定律Hess law 甘汞电极calomel electrode 感胶离子序lyotropic series 杠杆规则lever rule 高分子溶液macromolecular solution 高会溶点upper consolute point 隔离法the isolation method 格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law 隔离系统isolated system 根均方速率root-mean-square speed 功work 功函work content 共轭溶液conjugate solution 共沸温度azeotropic temperature 构型熵configurational entropy 孤立系统isolated system 固溶胶solid sol 固态混合物solid solution 固相线solid phase line 光反应photoreaction 光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry 光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry 光敏反应photosensitized reactions 光谱熵spectrum entropy 广度性质extensive property 广延量extensive quantity 广延性质extensive property 规定熵stipulated entropy 过饱和溶液oversaturated solution 过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor 过程process 过渡状态理论transition state theory 过冷水super-cooled water 过冷液体overcooled liquid 过热液体overheated liquid 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function 亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion 亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy 亥氏函数Helmholtz function 焓enthalpy 亨利常数Henry constant 亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture 恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume 恒容热heat at constant volume 恒外压constant external pressure 恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure 恒压热heat at constant pressure 化学动力学chemical kinetics 化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction 化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction 化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction 化学亲合势chemical affinity 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics 化学势chemical potential 化学势判据chemical potential criterion 化学吸附chemisorptions 环境environment 环境熵变entropy change in environment 挥发度volatility 混合熵entropy of mixing 混合物mixture 活度activity 活化控制activation control 活化络合物理论activated complex theory 活化能activation energy 霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart 基态能级energy level at ground state 基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula 基元反应elementary reactions 积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution 吉布斯-杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation 吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation 吉布斯函数Gibbs function 吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion 吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy 吉氏函数Gibbs function 极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode 极化曲线polarization curves 极化作用polarization 极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity 几率因子steric factor 计量式stoichiometric equation 计量系数stoichiometric coefficient 价数规则rule of valence 简并度degeneracy 键焓bond enthalpy 胶冻broth jelly 胶核colloidal nucleus 胶凝作用demulsification 胶束micelle 胶体colloid 胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid 胶体化学collochemistry 胶体粒子colloidal particles 胶团micelle 焦耳Joule 焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment 焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient 焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect 焦耳定律Joule`s law 接触电势contact potential 接触角contact angle 节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line 结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces 界面张力surface tension 浸湿immersion wetting 浸湿功immersion wetting work 精馏rectify 聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation 聚沉值coagulation value 绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy 绝对温标absolute temperature scale 绝热过程adiabatic process 绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter 绝热指数adiabatic index 卡诺定理Carnot theorem 卡诺循环Carnot cycle 开尔文公式Kelvin formula 柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electrolyte 可逆电池reversible cell 可逆过程reversible process 可逆过程方程reversible process equation 可逆体积功reversible volume work 可逆相变reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality 克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation 控制步骤control step 库仑计coulometer 扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation 拉乌尔定律Raoult law 兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems 离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions 离子氛ionic atmosphere 离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas 接触电势contact potential 接触角contact angle 节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion 结线tie line 结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption 界面interfaces 界面张力surface tension 浸湿immersion wetting 浸湿功immersion wetting work 精馏rectify 聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation 聚沉值coagulation value 绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory 绝对熵absolute entropy 绝对温标absolute temperature scale 绝热过程adiabatic process 绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter 绝热指数adiabatic index 卡诺定理Carnot theorem 卡诺循环Carnot cycle 开尔文公式Kelvin formula 柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions 可能的电解质potential electroly可逆电池reversible cell 可逆过程reversible process 可逆过程方程reversible process equation 可逆体积功reversible volume work 可逆相变reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality 克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation 控制步骤control step 库仑计coulometer 扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation 拉乌尔定律Raoult law 兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula 雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration 冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation 离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems 离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere 离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas 理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases 理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas 理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions 理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases 理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas 理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution 理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture 粒子particles 粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions 链的传递物chain carrier 链反应chain reactions 量热熵calorimetric entropy 量子统计quantum statistics 量子效率quantum yield 临界参数critical parameter 临界常数critical constant 临界点critical point 临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 临界摩尔体积critical molar volume 临界温度critical temperature 临界压力critical pressure 临界状态critical state 零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势streaming potential 流动功flow work 笼罩效应cage effect 路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point 露点线dew point line 麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations 麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds 麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy 毛细管凝结condensation in capillary 毛细现象capillary phenomena 米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant 摩尔电导率molar conductivity 摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy 摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing 摩尔气体常数molar gas constant 摩尔热容molar heat capacity 摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy 摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy 内扩散控制internal diffusions control 内能internal energy 内压力internal pressure 能级energy levels 能级分布energy level distribution 能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy 能斯特方程Nernst equation 能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem 凝固点freezing point 凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve 凝胶gelatin 凝聚态condensed state 凝聚相condensed phase 浓差超电势concentration over-potential 浓差极化concentration polarization 浓差电池concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal 泡点bubble point 泡点线bubble point line 配分函数partition function 配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 碰撞截面collision cross section 碰撞数the number of collisions 偏摩尔量partial mole quantities 平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases 平动配分函数partition function of translation 平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state 平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation 平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram 平均活度mean activity 平均活度系统mean activity coefficient 平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity 平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity 平均自由程mean free path 平行反应parallel reactions 破乳demulsification 铺展spreading 普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work 气化热heat of vaporization 气溶胶aerosol 气体常数gas constant 气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases 气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases 气溶胶aerosol 气相线vapor line 迁移数transport number 潜热latent heat 强度量intensive quantity 强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol 氢电极hydrogen electrodes 区域熔化zone melting 热heat 热爆炸heat explosion 热泵heat pump 热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat 热函heat content 热化学thermochemistry 热化学方程thermochemical equation 热机heat engine 热机效率efficiency of heat engine 热力学thermodynamics 热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics 热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics 热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics 热力学几率thermodynamic probability 热力学能thermodynamic energy 热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function 热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature 热力学温度thermodynamic temperature 热熵thermal entropy 热效应heat effect 熔点曲线melting point curve 熔化热heat of fusion 溶胶colloidal sol 溶解焓dissolution enthalpy 溶液solution 溶胀swelling 乳化剂emulsifier 乳状液emulsion 润湿wetting 润湿角wetting angle 萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation 三相点triple point 三相平衡线triple-phase line 熵entropy 熵判据entropy criterion 熵增原理principle of entropy increase 渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process 生成反应formation reaction 升华热heat of sublimation 实际气体real gas 舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule 松驰力relaxation force 松驰时间time of relaxation 速度常数reaction rate constant 速率方程rate equations 速率控制步骤rate determining step 塔费尔公式Tafel equation 态-态反应state-state reactions唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium 淌度mobility 特鲁顿规则Trouton rule 特性粘度intrinsic viscosity 体积功volume work 统计权重statistical weight 统计热力学statistic thermodynamics 统计熵statistic entropy 途径path 途径函数path function 外扩散控制external diffusion control 完美晶体perfect crystalline 完全气体perfect gas 微观状态microstate 微态microstate 韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery 维恩效应Wien effect 维里方程virial equation 维里系数virial coefficient 稳流过程steady flow process 稳态近似法stationary state approximation 无热溶液athermal solution 无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution 物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理吸附physisorptions 吸附adsorption 吸附等量线adsorption isostere 吸附等温线adsorption isotherm 吸附等压线adsorption isobar 吸附剂adsorbent 吸附量extent of adsorption 吸附热heat of adsorption 吸附质adsorbate 析出电势evolution or deposition potential 析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state 稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy 系统system 系统点system point 系统的环境environment of system 相phase 相变phase change 相变焓enthalpy of phase change 相变化phase change 相变热heat of phase change 相点phase point 相对挥发度relative volatility 相对粘度relative viscosity 相律phase rule 相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium 相图phase diagram 相倚子系统system of dependent particles 悬浮液suspension 循环过程cyclic process 压力商pressure quotient 压缩因子compressibility factor 压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor 亚稳状态metastable state 盐桥salt bridge 盐析salting out 阳极anode 杨氏方程Young’s equation 液体接界电势liquid junction potential 液相线liquid phase lines 一级反应first order reaction 一级相变first order phase change 依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity 逸度系数coefficient of fugacity 阴极cathode 荧光fluorescence 永动机perpetual motion machine 永久气体Permanent gas 有效能available energy 原电池primary cell 原盐效应salt effect 增比粘度specific viscosity 憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting 沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting 真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte 真实气体real gas 真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partition function of vibration 振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure 正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption 支链反应branched chain reactions 直链反应straight chain reactions 指前因子pre-exponential factor 质量作用定律mass action law制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration 中和热heat of neutralization 轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation 转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio 转化温度conversion temperature 状态state 状态方程state equation 状态分布state distribution 状态函数state function 准静态过程quasi-static process 准一级反应pseudo first order reaction 自动催化作用auto-catalysis自由度degree of freedom 自由度数number of degree of freedom 自由焓free enthalpy 自由能free energy 自由膨胀free expansion 组分数component number 最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point 最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point 最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature 最可几分布most probable distribution 最可几速率most基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalysts i. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. TheCommon-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon,Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision精密度188. relative standard deviation相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation变异系数(CV)190. confidence level置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution标准溶液195. titration滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard基准物质200. amount of substance物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium化学平衡205. titer滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution 缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合物223. center ion中心离子224. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient酸效应系数226. overall stability constant总稳定常数227. ligand配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient副反应系数230. coordination atom配位原子231. coordination number配位数232. lone pair electron孤对电子233. chelate compound螯合物234. metal indicator金属指示剂235. chelating agent螯合剂236. masking掩蔽237. demasking解蔽238. electron电子239. catalysis催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction催化反应244. reaction rate反应速率245. electrode potential电极电势246. activation energy反应的活化能247. redox couple氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate重铬酸钾251. cerimetry铈量法252. redox indicator氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming耗氧量(OC)254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging陈化260. postprecipitation继沉淀261. coprecipitation共沉淀262. ignition灼烧263. fitration过滤264. decantation倾泻法265. chemical factor化学因数266. spectrophotometry分光光度法267. colorimetry比色分析268. transmittance透光率269. absorptivity吸光率270. calibration curve校正曲线271. standard curve标准曲线272. monochromator单色器273. source光源274. wavelength dispersion色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector检测系统277. bathochromic shift红移278. Molar absorptivity摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic。
标题:有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀
![标题:有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/077a73cbd5bbfd0a795673c0.png)
trans- 反式,超,跨
thio- 硫代
tri- 三
trideca- 十三
tris- 三个
undeca- 十一
uni- 单,一
unsym- 不对称的,偏位
-yl 基
-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)
-yne 炔
氨 ammonia
heptadeca- 十七
hexa- 六
hexadeca- 十六
-hydrin 醇
hydro- 氢或水
hydroxyl 羟基
hypo- 低级的,次
hyper- 高级的,高
-ic 酸的,高价金属
-ide 无氧酸的ne 亚胺
氯化铵 ammonium chloride
氯化钡 barium chloride
氯化钾 potassium chloride
氯化铝 aluminium chloride
氯化镁 magnesium chloride
四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride
塑料 plastic
塑料的降解 plastic degradation
butyl 丁基
-carbinol 甲醇
carbonyl 羰基
-carboxylic acid 羧酸
centi- 10-2
chloro- 氯代
cis- 顺式
condensed 缩合的、冷凝的
cyclo- 环
deca- 十
deci 10-1
-dine 啶
-amine 胺
-ane 烷
anhydride 酐
化学名词常用前缀后缀
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化学名词中常用的数目词头
数目英文词头
1/2hemi,semi*
1mono,uni*
2di,bi*
3tri,ter*
4tetra
5penta
6hexa,sexi*
7hepta
8octa
9ennea,nona*
10deca
注:有*号者是来自拉丁文的词头
前缀
o-邻(位)
m-间(位)
p-对(位)
n-正
iso-异
cis-顺
trans-反
L-左旋的
D-右旋的
DL-外消旋的
S-拉丁文“Sinister”缩写,表示手性原子的构型为左型
R-拉丁文“Rectus”缩写,表示手性原子的构型为右型
Z-在双键平面同侧时CH3 COOH
C=C
E-在双键平面异侧时H H(Z)-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸
(-)左旋的
(+)右旋的
(+)内消旋的
n-正如:n-butyl chloride正丁基氯CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
sec.-仲sec.-butyl chloride仲丁基氯CH3CH2CHClCH3
tert.-叔tert.-butyl chloride叔丁基氯(CH3)3Cl
常用烷烃英汉名称
(烷属烃词尾(-ane),烯属烃词尾(-ene)、二烯(-diene),炔属烃(-yne);基团(-yl)
methane甲烷ethane乙烷propane丙烷butane丁烷pentane戊烷hexane己烷heptane庚烷octane辛烷nonane壬烷decane癸烷
-yl)。
化学名词常用前缀后缀
![化学名词常用前缀后缀](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/efde311f590216fc700abb68a98271fe910eafd4.png)
化学名词常用前缀后缀
化学名词中常用的数目词头
数目英文词头
1/2hemi,semi*
1mono,uni*
2di,bi*
3tri,ter*
4tetra
5penta
6hexa,sexi*
7hepta
8octa
9ennea,nona*
10deca
注:有*号者是来自拉丁文的词头
前缀
o-邻(位)
m-间(位)
p-对(位)
n-正
iso-异
cis-顺
trans-反
L-左旋的
D-右旋的
DL-外消旋的
S-拉丁文“Sinister”缩写,表示手性原子的构型为左型R-拉丁文“Rectus”缩写,表示手性原子的构型为右型Z-在双键平面同侧时CH3 COOH
C=C
E-在双键平面异侧时H H(Z)-2-甲基-2-丁烯酸
(-)左旋的
(+)右旋的
(+)内消旋的
n-正如:n-butyl chloride正丁基氯CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
sec.-仲sec.-butyl chloride仲丁基氯CH3CH2CHClCH3
tert.-叔tert.-butyl chloride叔丁基氯(CH3)3Cl
常用烷烃英汉名称
(烷属烃词尾(-ane),烯属烃词尾(-ene)、二烯(-diene),炔属烃(-yne);基团(-yl)
methane甲烷ethane乙烷propane丙烷butane丁烷pentane 戊烷hexane己烷heptane庚烷octane辛烷nonane壬烷decane癸烷
-yl)。
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀
![有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ffb97657be1e650e52ea99d6.png)
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀acetal (缩醛类)醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 烯丙基 [propenyl(丙烯基)]alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-carboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次hyper- 高级的,高-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodine 碘iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨thio- 硫代tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应英文名汉文名Angular methyl group 角甲基Alkylidene group 亚烷基Allyl group 烯丙基Allylic 烯丙型[的]Phenyl group 苯基Aryl group 芳基Benzyl group 苄基Benzylic 苄型[的]Activating group 活化基团Chromophore 生色团Auxochrome 助色团Magnetically anisotropic group 磁各向异性基团Smally ring 小环Common ring 普通环Medium rimg 中环Large ring 大环Bridged-ring system 桥环体系Spiro compound 螺环化合物Helical molecule 螺旋型分子Octahedral compound 八面体化合物Conjugation 共轭Conjugated-system 共轭体系Acyl cation 酰[基]正离子Benzylic cation 苄[基]正离子Arenirm ion 芳[基]正离子Ketyl radical 羰自由基Radical ion 自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion 自由基负离子Isomerism 异构[现象]Aci form 酸式Fluxional structure 循变结构Stereochemistry 立体化学Optical activity 光学活性Dextro isomer 右旋异构体Laevo isomer 左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration 四面体构型Stereoisomerism 立体异构[现象]Asymmetric atom 不对称原子Asymmetric carbon 不对称碳Pseudoasymmetric carbon 假不对称碳Phantom atom 虚拟原子Homotopic 等位[的] Heterotopic 异位[的] Enantiotopic 对映异位[的] Diastereotopic 非对映异位[的]Configuration 构型Absolute configuration 绝对构型Chirality 手性Chiral 手性[的]Chiral center 手性中心Chiral molecule 手性分子Achiral 非手性[的]Fischer projection 费歇尔投影式Neoman projection 纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclature D-L 命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclature R-S 命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence 顺序规则Symmetry factor 对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry 镜面对称Enantiomer 对映[异构]体Diastereomer 非对映[异构]体Epimer 差向异构体Anomer 端基[差向]异构体Erythro configuration 赤型构型Erythro isomer 赤型异构体Threo configuration 苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon 三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构E isomer E异构体Z isomer Z异构体Endo isomer 内型异构体Exo isomer 外型异构体Prochirality 前手性Pro-R group 前R基团Pro-S proup 前S基团Re face Re面Si face Si面Racemic mixture 外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemic solid solution 外消旋固体溶液Meso compound 内消旋化合物Quasi recemate 准外消旋体Conformation 构象Conformational 构象分析Torsion angle 扭转角Rotamer 旋转异构体Anti conformation 反式构象Bisecting conformation 等分构象Anti periplanar conformation 反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation 顺叠构象Synclinal conformation 反错构象Synclinal conformation 顺错构象Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation 对位交叉构象Steric effect 空间效应Steric hindrance 位阻Atropismer 阻转异构体Puckered ring 折叠环Conformational inversion 构象反转Chair conformation 椅型构象Boat conformation 船型构象Twist conformation 扭型构象Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象Half-chair conformation 半椅型构象Pseudorotation 假旋转Envelope conformation 信封[型]构象Axial bond 直[立]键Equatorial bond 平[伏]键Cisoid conformation 顺向构象Transoid conformation 反向构象Retention of configuration 构型保持Regioselectivity 区域选择性Regiospecificity 区域专一性Stereocelectivity 立体选择性Stereospecificty 立体专一性Conformer 构象异构体Conformational effect 构象效应Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则Stereochemical orientation 立体[化学]取向Conformational transmission 构象传递Homolog 同系物Ipso position 本位Ortho position 邻位Meta position 间位Para position 对位Amphi position 远位Peri position 近位Trigonal hybridization 三角杂化Molecular orbiral method 分子轨道法Valence bond method 价键法Delocalezed bond 离域键Cross conjugation 交叉共轭Vinylog 插烯物Mesomeric effect 中介效应Resonance 共振Resonance effect 共振效应Hyperconjugation 超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation 等价超共轭No-bond resonance 无键共振Aromaticity 芳香性Aromatic sexter 芳香六隅Huckel’rule 休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current 顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent 抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity 同芳香性Antiaromaticity 反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon 交替烃Non-alternant hydrocarbon 非交替烷Pericyclic reaction 周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement 电环[化]重排Conrotatory 顺旋Disroatatory 对旋Cycloaddition 环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction 对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction 同面反应Antarafacial reaction 异面反应Mobius system 默比乌斯体系Leois structure 路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond 配位共价键Banana bond 香蕉键Pauling electronegativity scale 鲍林电负性标度Polarizability 可极化性Inductive effect 诱导效应Field effect 场效应Electrical effect 电场效应tautomerism 互变异构Tautomerization 互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism 酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism 酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism 亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism 环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism 价互变异构Ambident 两可[的]Solvent effect 溶剂效应Acid-base catalyxed reaction 酸性溶剂Basic solvent 碱性溶剂Dielectric constant 介电常数Solvated electron 溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction 酸碱催化反应Conjugate base 共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity 热力学酸度Kinetic acidity 动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex 电子给[体]受体络合物Host 主体Guest 客体Primary isotope effect 一级同位素效应Secondary isotope effect 二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect 逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control 热力学控制Substrate 底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility 微观可逆性Hammond postulate 哈蒙德假说Linear free energy 线性自由能Non-bonded interaction 非键相互作用Torsional effect 扭转效应Pitzer strain 皮策张力Restricted rotation 阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain 重叠张力Small-angle strain 小角张力Large angle strain 大角张力Transannular interaction 跨环相互作用Transannular strain 跨环张力I strain 内张力F strain 前张力B strain 后张力Anomeric effect 端基异构效应Walden inversion 瓦尔登反转Racemization 外消旋化Isoinversion 等反转Isoracemization 等消旋Homochiral 纯手性[的] Mechanism 机理Unimolecular nucleophilic 单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution 双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment) 双分子亲核取代(含烯丙型重排)Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion 分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion 芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution 单分子亲电取代Bimolecular electrophilic substi-tution 双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution 亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination 单分子消除Bimolecular elimination 双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base 双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group 双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage 单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage 双分子碱催化烷氧断裂π-allyl complex mechanism π烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism 边理机理Homolysis 均裂Heterolysis 异裂Heterolytic michanism 异裂机理Counrer[gegen]ion 反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation 碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation 非经典碳正离子Carbanion 碳负离子Masked carbanion 掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid 卡宾体Carbene 卡宾Nitrene 氮宾Carbine 碳炔Electrophilic addition 亲电加成Electrophile 亲电体Diaxial addition 双直键加成Markovnikov’s rube 马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition 反马氏加成Michael addition 迈克尔加成Substitution 取代Electrophilic substitution 亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism 加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion 亲电芳香取代Electron transfer 电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivating group 钝化基团Orinentation 取向Ortho-para directing group 邻对位定位基Meta directing group 间位定位基Ortho effect 邻位效应Partial rate factor 分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Internal return 内返Nucleophilicity 亲核体Nucleophilicity 亲核性α-effect α-效应Backside attack 背面进攻Inversion 反转Umbrella effect 伞效应Push-pull effect 推拉效应Leaving group 离去基团Electrofuge 离电体Nucleofuge 离核体Phase-transfer catalysis 相转移催化Neighboring group participation 邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance 邻助作用Neighboring group effect 邻基效应Apofacial reaction 反面反应Briddgehead displacement 桥头取代Aryl action 芳正离子Benzyne 苯炔Zaitsev rule 札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation 反札依采夫定向Hofmann’s rule 霍夫曼规则Bredt rule 布雷特规则Initiation 引发Anionic cleavage 负离子裂解Partial bond fixation 键[的]部分固定化02.3有机化学反应Alkylation 烷基化C- alkylation C-烷基化O- alkylation O-烷基化N-alkylation N-烷基化Silylation 硅烷[基]化Exhaustive methylation 彻底甲基化Seco alkylation 断裂烷基化Demethylation 脱甲基化Ethylation 乙基化Arylation 芳基化Acylation 酰化Formylation 甲酰化Carbalkoxylation 烷氧羰基化Carboamidation 氨羰基化Carboxylation 羧基化Amination 氨基化Bisamination 双氨基化Cine substitution 移位取代Transamination 氨基交换Hydroxylation 羟基化acyloxyation 酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation 烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation 脱卤Nitration 硝化Decarboxylative nitration 脱羧硝化Nitrosation 亚硝化Sulfonation 磺化Chlorosulfonation 氯磺酰化Desulfonation 脱磺酸基Sulfenylation 亚磺酰化Sulfonylation 磺酰化Chlorosulfenation 氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation 氯羰基化Diazotization 重氮化Diazo transfer 重氮基转移Coupling reaction 偶联反应Diazonium coupling 重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction 交叉偶联反应1,4-addition 1,4-加成Conjugate addition 共轭加成Dimerization 二聚Trimefization 三聚Additive dimerization 加成二聚sulfurization 硫化Selenylation 硒化Hydroboration 硼氢化Oxyamination 羟氨基化Insertion 插入carbonylation 羧基化Hydroformylation 加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation 加氢酰化Oxo process 羰基合成Decarbonylation 脱羰Hydrocarboxylation 氢羧基化Homologization 同系化Cyanoethylation 氰乙基化Decyanoethylation 脱氰乙基Ring clsure 环合Diene synthesis 双烯合成Dienophile 亲双烯体Endo addition 内型加成Exo addition 外型加成Diels-Alder reaction 第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction 逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis 单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition 负离子环加成Dipolar addition 偶极加成- elimination -消除- elimination -消除- elimination -消除-elimination -消除Dehydrohalogenation 脱卤化氢Deamination 脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination 热解消除Elimination-addition 消除-加成Decarboxylation 脱羧Decarboxamidation 脱酰胺Decyanation 脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage 烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage 酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis 闪热裂Fragmentation 碎裂Chiletropic reaction 螯键反应Chelation 螯环化Esterification 酯化Transesterification 酯交换Saponification 皂化Alcoholysis 醇解Ethanolysis 乙醇解Cyanomethylation 氰甲基化Aminomethylation 氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation 羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation 羟烷基化Cholromethylation 氯甲基化Haloalkylation 卤烷基化Transacetalation 缩醛交换Enolization 烯醇化Haloform reaction 卤仿反应Condensation 缩合Aldol condensation 羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation 交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation 偶姻缩合Cyclization 环化Annulation,annelation 增环反应Spiroannulation 螺增环Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation 环氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脱羧Aromatization 芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation 转移氢化Hydrogenolysis 氢解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金属还原Single electron transfer 单电子转移Bimolecular reduction 双分子还原Electrochemical reduction 电化学还原Reductive alkylation 还原烷基化Reductive acylation 还原酰化Reductive dimerization 还原二聚Deoxygenation 脱氧Desulfurization 脱硫Deselenization 脱硒Mitallation 金属化Lithiation 锂化Hydrometallation 氢金属化Mercuration 汞化Oxymercuration 羟汞化Aminomercuration 氨汞化Abstraction 夺取[反应] Internal abstraction 内夺取[反应]Rearrangement 重排Prototropic rearrangement 质了转移重排Double bond migration 双键移位Allylic migration 烯丙型重排Allylic migration 烯丙型迁移Ring contraction 环缩小[反应]Ring expansion,ring enlargement 扩环[反应]-ketol rearrangement -酮醇重排Pinacol rearrangement 频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement 逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement 半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement 二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement 酰基重排Migratory aptitude 迁移倾向Transannular insertion 跨环插入Transannular rearrangement 跨环重排Migration 迁移Prototropy 质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement 正离子转移重排Anionotropy 负离子转移Anionotropic rearrangement 负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement -迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement 同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement 亲电重排Photosensitization 光敏化Forbidden transition 禁阻跃迁photooxidation 光氧化Photoisomerization 光异构化Photochemical rearrangement 光化学重排2.4 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon 碳氢化合物Alkane 烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax 石蜡Alkene 烯Alkyen 炔Acetylide 炔化物Active hydrogen compounds 活泼氢化合物Carbon acid 碳氢酸Super acid 超酸Diene 双烯Triene 三烯Allene 丙二烯Ccumulene 累积多烯Enyne 烯炔Diyne 二炔Alkyl halide 卤代烷Alcohol 醇Homoallylic alcohol 高烯丙醇Ether 醚Epoxide 环氧化物Cellosolve 溶纤剂Crown ether 冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine 胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound 季铵化合物Amine oxide 氧化胺Diazoalkane 重氮烷Mercaptan 硫醇Sulfonic acid 磺酸Sulfoxide 亚砜Sulfone 砜Aldehyde 醛Detone 酮Aldehyde hydrate 醛水合物Ketone hydrate 酮水合物Hemiacetal 半缩醛Acetal 缩醛Ketal 缩酮Dithiane 二噻烷Aminal 缩醛胺imine 亚胺Aldimine 醛亚胺Oxime 肟Aldimine 醛肟Oxime 亚硝基化合物aldoxime 硝酮Hydrazone 腙Azine 嗪Semicarbazone 缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin 羟腈Pinacol 频哪醇Enol 烯醇Enol ether 烯醇醚Enol ester 烯醇酯Enamine 烯胺Ynamine 炔胺Mannich base 曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid 羧酸Ester 酯orthoester 原酸酯Acyl halide 酰卤Acyl fluoride 酰氟Acyl chloride 酰氯Acyl rtomide 酰溴Acyl iodide 酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride 苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate 酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene 乙烯酮Peracid 过酸Perester 过酸酯Acyl peroxide 酰基过氧化物Nitrile 腈Nitrile oxide 氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide 酰胺Imide 二酰亚胺N-bromo compound N-溴化物Hydrazide 酰肼Acyl azide 酰叠氮Amidine 脒Keto ester 酮酸酯Acyl cyanide 酰腈Carbon suboxide 二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid 氨基甲酸Carbamate 氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide 氨腈Carbodiimide 碳二亚胺Allophanate 脲基甲酸酯Thioester 硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone 内酯Lactol 内半缩醛Macrolide 大环内酯Amino acid 氨基酸Zwitterions 两性离子Inner salt 内盐Betaine 甜菜碱Lactam 内酰胺Hydantion 乙内酰脲Peptide 肽Glycol 二醇Aldol 羟醛Acyloin 偶姻Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Aldose 醛糖Ketose 酮糖Furanose 呋喃糖Pyranose 吡喃糖Glycoside 糖苷Glucoside 葡[萄]糖苷Aglycon 苷元Saccharide 糖类Oligosaccharide 寡糖Polysaccharide 多糖Alditol 糖醇Osazone 脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene 环烷Spirane 环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane 笼型化合物Rotazane 螺桨烷Catenane 轮烷Rused ring 索烃。
chemical词根词缀
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chemical词根词缀化学的词根和词缀化学是一门探索物质性质、构成和变化的科学。
在学习化学的过程中,我们会接触到许多词根和词缀,它们构成了化学术语的基础。
本文将介绍一些常见的化学词根和词缀,帮助读者更好地理解和运用化学知识。
一、化学中常用的词根1. -ic/-ous-ic和-ous是两个常见的后缀,在化学中常用于标识化合物的酸、盐和氧化物。
形容词以-ic结尾,表示某种物质最高氧化态的化合物,而以-ous结尾的形容词则表示较低氧化态的化合物。
例如,硫的最高氧化态为+6,硫酸(sulfuric acid)的化学式为H2SO4,而硫的较低氧化态为+4,亚硫酸(sulfurous acid)的化学式为H2SO3。
2. -ate/-ite-ate和-ite是表示盐的后缀。
-ate表示酸根离子,-ite则表示酸根离子的含氧量较少的低氧化态。
例如,亚硝酸根离子(nitrite)的化学式为NO2-,而硝酸根离子(nitrate)的化学式为NO3-。
这些后缀的使用使得化学命名更加准确和简洁。
3. -ide-ide表示化合物中的阴离子或阴性基团。
例如,氯化物(chloride)是氯离子(Cl-)的化合物,氧化物(oxide)是氧离子(O2-)的化合物。
这种命名方式可以帮助我们快速了解化合物的组成。
二、常用的化学词缀1. hydro-hydro-是一个表示“水”的前缀,常用于表示某种化合物中含有水分子。
例如,水合物(hydrate)是指含有结晶水的化合物,如石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)。
水合物的存在对于物质的性质和结构具有重要影响。
2. per-per-表示“更高氧化态的”或“含有更多的氧”的意思。
例如,高锰酸根离子(permanganate)的化学式为MnO4-,其中锰的氧化态为+7。
这个前缀在化学命名中经常用于表示化合物中较高的氧化态。
3. poly-poly-表示“多个”或“多种”的意思。
在化学中,它常用于表示多个功能团或多种取代基存在于同一个分子中。
有机化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀
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Synclinal conformation 反错构象 Synclinal conformation 顺错构象 Eclipsed conformation 重叠构象 Gauche conformation, skew con-formation 邻位交叉构象 Staggered conformation 对位交叉构 象 Steric effect 空间效应 Steric hindrance 位阻 Atropismer 阻转异构体 Puckered ring 折叠环 Conformational inversion 构象反转 Chair conformation 椅型构象 Boat conformation 船型构象 Twist conformation 扭型构象 Skew boat conformation 扭船型构象 Half-chair conformation 半椅型构 象 Pseudorotation 假旋转 Envelope conformation 信封[型]构 象 Axial bond 直[立]键 Equatorial bond 平[伏]键 Cisoid conformation 顺向构象 Transoid conformation 反向构象 Retention of configuration 构型保 持 Regioselectivity 区域选择性 Regiospecificity 区域专一性 Stereocelectivity 立体选择性 Stereospecificty 立体专一性 Conformer 构象异构体 Conformational effect 构象效应 Cram’s rube 克拉姆规则 Prelog’rule 普雷洛格规则 Stereochemical orientation 立体 [化学]取向 Conformational transmission 构象 传递 Homolog 同系物 Ipso position 本位 Ortho position 邻位 Meta position 间位 Para position 对位
有机化学前缀和后缀.
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有机化学前缀和后缀-acetal缩醇acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛-aldechydic acid醛酸-amarime(或-marine)苦苷-amic acid酰胺酸-amide酰胺-amide acid (=amic acid)酰胺酸-amidine脒-amidoxime脒肟-amidrazone脒腙-amine胺-ane烷anhydride -ic anhydride anil缩苯胺-anilic acid酰苯胺酸-anilide酰苯胺-aniside酰茴香醛-arsine胂-arsinic acid[美国名指]次胂酸-arsinous acid[美国名和英国名均指]卑胂酸-arsinoxide胂氧-arsonic acid[美国名和英国名均指]胂酸-arsonous acid[美国名指]亚胂酸-ase酶-azide叠氮-azine连氮-betaine内胺盐-biarsine联胂bi...oyl di..oyl-bistibine联锑bi...yl联... -borane硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸-boronic acid硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid氨甲酸-carbazinic acid肼甲酸-carbinol甲醇-carbodithioic acid二硫代羧酸carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼-carbohydraoxamamide甲肟胺-carbohydroxamic acid羧肟胺-carbonamidine甲脒-carbonitrile甲腈-barbonyl羰基-carbothioic acid羧硫代酸-carbothiolic acid甲硫羟酸-carbothionic acid甲硫羰酸-carboxaldehyde甲醛-carboxamide甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime甲胺肟-carboximidic acid甲亚胺酸-carboxylic acid羧酸-carbylamine胩-cene并...苯-chloroarine氯胂-chlorohydrin氯醇-chrysine柯因-cyanamide氨腈-cyanhydrin氰醇-cyanoarsin氰胂-diarsine联胂-diazonium重氮-dicarboximide二甲酰亚胺- dichloroarsine二氯胂-diimide联亚胺-din(e)定;啶di...(o)yl联…酰-disulfide二硫-dithiocarbamic acid氨基二硫代羧酸-di...ylene联二…亚基-drin(e)君[俗名词尾]-e-裂[嵌在末一音节之前,指分裂后之产物]-ene烯-ester酯-etane丁环-ete丁- ether醚-etene丁亭[4元无氮一烯环,中文中与-etine不分]-etidine丁啶-etine丁亭[4元含氮饱和环] -florine花精-follin叶素-folin叶素-form仿gen精-genin配基-germanonic acid基锗酸-gin精-glycol二醇-hemiacetal缩一醇-hydrazidc酰肼-hydrazidine肼定-hydrazine肼-hydrazone腙-hydrin醇hydrogen ester氢酯hydrosulfamine巯胺-hydroxamamide肟胺-hydroxamic acid羟肟酸-hydroxylamine胲-ic anhydride酸酐-ic semialdehyde醛酸-ide酰胺-il 偶酰-imide酰亚胺-imidic acid亚胺酸-imine亚胺-in精-inium -onium -iodohydrin碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine丙啶-irine丙因-isothiourca异硫脲-isource异脲-ite糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium –onium -ketal酮缩醇-ketene乙烯酮-ketazine酮连氮-ketimide酮亚胺-ketol乙酮醇-ketone酮-ketoxime甲酮肟-lactam内酰胺-lactim内酰亚胺-lactone内酯-lin灵-lin(e)灵-lysin溶素-mercaptal醛缩硫醇-mercaptan硫醇-mereaptole酮缩硫醇-methine甲碱-methylene亚甲基-min明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉-naphthalide N-酰基萘胺-naphthone酰萘-nin(e)宁-nitramine硝胺-nitrile腈-nitrolic acid硝肟酸-nitrosamine亚硝胺-nitrosate硝酯肟酸-nitrosolic acid亚硝肟酸-nitrosite亚硝酯肟酸-oic acid酸-oin偶姻-ol醇-ole脑,醚-olic acid醇酸;脑酸;油酸;炔酸-olid(e)交酯-olidine烷[5元含氮饱和杂环] -oline啉[5元一烯杂环]-onane壬环[9元饱和杂环]-one酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium钅翁-osazone脎-o... one...酰...酮-or脑-orthosiliconic acid原硅酸-osan聚糖-ose糖-oside 糖苷-oxide氧化物-oxime肟-oyl酰-oyl halide酰卤-ozonide臭氧-peroxide过氧-phene 芬-phine粉;芬-phenetidide酰基苯乙定-phenone酰苯-phosphine膦-phosphinic acid次磷酸-phosphinous acid卑磷酸-phosphonic acid磷酸-phosphonous acid亚磷酸-phyllin(e)非灵;植素-picrin苦碱-pin(e)品-pinacol频哪醇-pinacolin(e)频哪酮-pinacolone频哪酮-pinacone –pinacol -piperidine N-酰基哌啶-plumbonic acid铅酸-quine奎-rin扔,苷-rufin绛酚saccharic acid糖质酸saccharinic acid糖精酸-sapegenin皂萆配基-saponine皂萆苷-selenenic acid次硒酸-seleninic acid亚硒酸-selenol硒醇-selenonic acid硒酸-semiacetal醛缩一醇semialdehyde-ic semialdehyde-semicarbazone缩氨脲-semicarbazide氨脲-semioxamazone缩半萆肼-siliconic acid硅酸-sin僧;素-st-甾-stannonic acid锡酸-stibine月弟-stibinic acid次锑酸-stibinous acid卑锑酸stibonic acid锑酸-stibonium锑-stibonous acid亚锑酸sulfenamide次磺酰胺-sulfenic acid次磺酸-sulfide硫-sulfilimine硫亚胺-sulfinamide亚磺酰胺-sulfinic acid亚磺酸-sulfonamide磺酰胺-sulfone砜-sulfonic acid磺酸-sulfoxide亚砜-sultam磺内酰胺-sultone磺内酯-tanin单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid亚碲酸-telluronic acid碲酸-thetin(e)噻亭-thin质thioacetal醛缩硫醇-thiocarbazone硫卡巴腙-thiohydroxylamine硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸-thioketene乙烯硫酮-thiol硫醇-thiolactone硫代内酯-thiosemicarbazone缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid硫羟酸-thione硫酮-thionic acid硫羰酸-thionothiolic acid二硫代羧酸-thiourea硫脲-tin亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺-toxin(e) 毒-trin醇-trisulfide三硫-tropin托品-ulose酮糖-area脲-urethan(e)尿烷-urethylan(e)尿基烷-uric acid尿酸-uronic acid糖醛酸,糖酮酸-xanthin黄质-xanthogenic acid黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺-yl 基-ylene亚基-yl halide卤代物-ylidene亚基-ylidyne次基-ylium钅翁-yne炔前缀hex—表示“六”,而后缀—ane 表示“烷烃”;—ene表示“烯烃”;—yne 表示“炔”;—yl表示“基”。
化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀1
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化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀-acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛-alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci- 1/10di- 二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 氧杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上)-yne 炔化学英语词汇Bunsen burner 本生灯product 反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒丙酮:acetone异丙醇:isopropyl alcohol叔戊醇:amylene alcohol杂质:impurity水分:water content moisture content ;watercontent ;watercontent硅烷:silicane苯甲腈:cyanobenzene 丙烷基, 丙基propyl氰基胍, 二聚氨基氰dicyandiamide物理化学英语词汇BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theory HLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro’number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation 爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein’s law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦-斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant 安托万方程Antoine equation 盎萨格电导理论Onsager’s theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work 比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy 标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature 波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色-爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement 查理定律Charle’s law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter 道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜-休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel’s limiting equation 等焓过程isenthalpic process 等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy 等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture 低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy 第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force电动电势zeta potential电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential 电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes 电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect 定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume 定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer 定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure 定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations 动力学控制kinetics control 独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature 对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions 对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction 二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant 法拉第定律Faraday’s law反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction 反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force 范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van’t Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van’t Hoff rule 范特霍夫渗透压公式van’t Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 非基元反应non-elementary reactions非体积功non-volume work非依时计量学反应time independent stoichiometric reactions菲克扩散第一定律Fick’s first law of diffusion沸点boiling point沸点升高elevation of boiling point费米-狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics分布distribution分布数distribution numbers分解电压decomposition voltage分配定律distribution law分散系统disperse system分散相dispersion phase分体积partial volume分体积定律partial volume law 分压partial pressure分压定律partial pressure law 分子反应力学mechanics of molecular reactions分子间力intermolecular force 分子蒸馏molecular distillation 封闭系统closed system附加压力excess pressure弗罗因德利希吸附经验式Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption负极negative pole负吸附negative adsorption复合反应composite reaction 盖·吕萨克定律Gay-Lussac law盖斯定律Hess law甘汞电极calomel electrode 感胶离子序lyotropic series 杠杆规则lever rule高分子溶液macromolecular solution高会溶点upper consolute point隔离法the isolation method格罗塞斯-德雷珀定律Grotthus-Draoer’s law隔离系统isolated system根均方速率root-mean-square speed功work功函work content共轭溶液conjugate solution 共沸温度azeotropic temperature构型熵configurational entropy 孤立系统isolated system固溶胶solid sol固态混合物solid solution固相线solid phase line光反应photoreaction光化学第二定律the second law of actinochemistry光化学第一定律the first law of actinochemistry光敏反应photosensitized reactions光谱熵spectrum entropy 广度性质extensive property 广延量extensive quantity广延性质extensive property 规定熵stipulated entropy过饱和溶液oversaturated solution过饱和蒸气oversaturated vapor过程process过渡状态理论transition state theory过冷水super-cooled water过冷液体overcooled liquid 过热液体overheated liquid 亥姆霍兹函数Helmholtz function亥姆霍兹函数判据Helmholtz function criterion亥姆霍兹自由能Helmholtz free energy亥氏函数Helmholtz function 焓enthalpy亨利常数Henry constant亨利定律Henry law恒沸混合物constant boiling mixture恒容摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant volume恒容热heat at constant volume 恒外压constant external pressure恒压摩尔热容molar heat capacity at constant pressure恒压热heat at constant pressure 化学动力学chemical kinetics 化学反应计量式stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction化学反应计量系数stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction化学反应进度extent of chemical reaction化学亲合势chemical affinity 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics化学势chemical potential化学势判据chemical potential criterion化学吸附chemisorptions环境environment环境熵变entropy change in environment挥发度volatility混合熵entropy of mixing混合物mixture活度activity活化控制activation control 活化络合物理论activated complex theory活化能activation energy霍根-华森图Hougen-Watson Chart基态能级energy level at ground state基希霍夫公式Kirchhoff formula基元反应elementary reactions 积分溶解热integration heat of dissolution吉布斯-杜亥姆方程Gibbs-Duhem equation吉布斯-亥姆霍兹方程Gibbs-Helmhotz equation吉布斯函数Gibbs function吉布斯函数判据Gibbs function criterion吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula吉布斯自由能Gibbs freeenergy吉氏函数Gibbs function极化电极电势polarization potential of electrode极化曲线polarization curves 极化作用polarization极限摩尔电导率limiting molar conductivity几率因子steric factor计量式stoichiometric equation 计量系数stoichiometric coefficient价数规则rule of valence简并度degeneracy键焓bond enthalpy胶冻broth jelly胶核colloidal nucleus胶凝作用demulsification胶束micelle胶体colloid胶体分散系统dispersion system of colloid 胶体化学collochemistry胶体粒子colloidal particles 胶团micelle焦耳Joule焦耳-汤姆生实验Joule-Thomson experiment焦耳-汤姆生系数Joule-Thomson coefficient焦耳-汤姆生效应Joule-Thomson effect焦耳定律Joule`s law接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law 科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electrolyte可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions 离子的迁移数transport number of ions 离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength理想混合物perfect mixture 理想气体ideal gas接触电势contact potential接触角contact angle节流过程throttling process 节流膨胀throttling expansion 节流膨胀系数coefficient of throttling expansion结线tie line结晶热heat of crystallization 解离化学吸附dissociation chemical adsorption界面interfaces界面张力surface tension浸湿immersion wetting浸湿功immersion wetting work精馏rectify聚(合)电解质polyelectrolyte 聚沉coagulation聚沉值coagulation value绝对反应速率理论absolute reaction rate theory绝对熵absolute entropy绝对温标absolute temperature scale绝热过程adiabatic process绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter绝热指数adiabatic index卡诺定理Carnot theorem卡诺循环Carnot cycle开尔文公式Kelvin formula柯诺瓦洛夫-吉布斯定律Konovalov-Gibbs law科尔劳施离子独立运动定律Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Migration of Ions可能的电解质potential electroly 可逆电池reversible cell可逆过程reversible process可逆过程方程reversible process equation可逆体积功reversible volume work可逆相变reversible phase change克拉佩龙方程Clapeyron equation克劳修斯不等式Clausius inequality克劳修斯-克拉佩龙方程Clausius-Clapeyron equation控制步骤control step库仑计coulometer扩散控制diffusion controlled 拉普拉斯方程Laplace’s equation拉乌尔定律Raoult law兰格缪尔-欣谢尔伍德机理Langmuir-Hinshelwoodmechanism兰格缪尔吸附等温式Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula雷利公式Rayleigh equation 冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration冷却曲线cooling curve离解热heat of dissociation离解压力dissociation pressure 离域子系统non-localized particle systems离子的标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation of ion 离子的电迁移率mobility of ions离子的迁移数transport number of ions离子独立运动定律law of the independent migration of ions离子氛ionic atmosphere离子强度ionic strength 理想混合物perfect mixture理想气体ideal gas理想气体的绝热指数adiabatic index of ideal gases理想气体的微观模型micro-model of ideal gas理想气体反应的等温方程isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions理想气体绝热可逆过程方程adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gases理想气体状态方程state equation of ideal gas理想稀溶液ideal dilute solution理想液态混合物perfect liquid mixture粒子particles粒子的配分函数partition function of particles连串反应consecutive reactions链的传递物chain carrier链反应chain reactions量热熵calorimetric entropy 量子统计quantum statistics 量子效率quantum yield临界参数critical parameter 临界常数critical constant临界点critical point临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration临界摩尔体积critical molar volume临界温度critical temperature 临界压力critical pressure临界状态critical state零级反应zero order reaction 流动电势streaming potential 流动功flow work笼罩效应cage effect路易斯-兰德尔逸度规则Lewis-Randall rule of fugacity 露点dew point 露点线dew point line麦克斯韦关系式Maxwell relations麦克斯韦速率分布Maxwell distribution of speeds麦克斯韦能量分布MaxwelIdistribution of energy 毛细管凝结condensation in capillary毛细现象capillary phenomena米凯利斯常数Michaelis constant摩尔电导率molar conductivity摩尔反应焓molar reaction enthalpy摩尔混合熵mole entropy of mixing摩尔气体常数molar gas constant摩尔热容molar heat capacity摩尔溶解焓mole dissolution enthalpy摩尔稀释焓mole dilution enthalpy内扩散控制internal diffusions control内能internal energy内压力internal pressure能级energy levels能级分布energy level distribution能量均分原理principle of the equipartition of energy能斯特方程Nernst equation 能斯特热定理Nernst heat theorem凝固点freezing point凝固点降低lowering of freezing point凝固点曲线freezing point curve凝胶gelatin 凝聚态condensed state凝聚相condensed phase浓差超电势concentration over-potential浓差极化concentration polarization浓差电池concentration cells 帕斯卡pascal泡点bubble point泡点线bubble point line配分函数partition function 配分函数的析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state碰撞截面collision cross section碰撞数the number of collisions偏摩尔量partial mole quantities平衡常数(理想气体反应)equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases平动配分函数partition function of translation平衡分布equilibrium distribution平衡态equilibrium state平衡态近似法equilibrium state approximation平衡状态图equilibrium state diagram平均活度mean activity平均活度系统mean activity coefficient平均摩尔热容mean molar heat capacity平均质量摩尔浓度mean mass molarity平均自由程mean free path平行反应parallel reactions破乳demulsification 铺展spreading普遍化范德华方程universal van der Waals equation其它功the other work气化热heat of vaporization气溶胶aerosol气体常数gas constant气体分子运动论kinetic theory of gases气体分子运动论的基本方程foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases气溶胶aerosol气相线vapor line迁移数transport number潜热latent heat强度量intensive quantity强度性质intensive property亲液溶胶hydrophilic sol氢电极hydrogen electrodes区域熔化zone melting热heat热爆炸heat explosion热泵heat pump热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat热函heat content热化学thermochemistry热化学方程thermochemical equation热机heat engine热机效率efficiency of heat engine热力学thermodynamics热力学第二定律the second law of thermodynamics热力学第三定律the third law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律the first law of thermodynamics热力学基本方程fundamental equation of thermodynamics热力学几率thermodynamic probability 热力学能thermodynamic energy热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature热力学温度thermodynamic temperature热熵thermal entropy热效应heat effect熔点曲线melting point curve 熔化热heat of fusion溶胶colloidal sol溶解焓dissolution enthalpy 溶液solution溶胀swelling乳化剂emulsifier乳状液emulsion润湿wetting润湿角wetting angle萨克尔-泰特洛德方程Sackur-Tetrode equation三相点triple point三相平衡线triple-phase line 熵entropy熵判据entropy criterion熵增原理principle of entropy increase渗透压osmotic pressure渗析法dialytic process生成反应formation reaction 升华热heat of sublimation实际气体real gas舒尔采-哈迪规则Schulze-Hardy rule松驰力relaxation force松驰时间time of relaxation速度常数reaction rate constant 速率方程rate equations速率控制步骤rate determining step塔费尔公式Tafel equation态-态反应state-state reactions 唐南平衡Donnan equilibrium 淌度mobility特鲁顿规则Trouton rule特性粘度intrinsic viscosity 体积功volume work统计权重statistical weight统计热力学statistic thermodynamics统计熵statistic entropy途径path途径函数path function外扩散控制external diffusion control完美晶体perfect crystalline 完全气体perfect gas微观状态microstate微态microstate韦斯顿标准电池Weston standard battery维恩效应Wien effect维里方程virial equation维里系数virial coefficient稳流过程steady flow process 稳态近似法stationary state approximation无热溶液athermal solution无限稀溶液solutions in the limit of extreme dilution物理化学Physical Chemistry 物理吸附physisorptions吸附adsorption吸附等量线adsorption isostere 吸附等温线adsorption isotherm吸附等压线adsorption isobar 吸附剂adsorbent吸附量extent of adsorption吸附热heat of adsorption吸附质adsorbate析出电势evolution or deposition potential析因子性质property that partition function to be expressed as a product of the separate partition functions for each kind of state稀溶液的依数性colligative properties of dilute solutions稀释焓dilution enthalpy系统system系统点system point系统的环境environment of system相phase相变phase change相变焓enthalpy of phase change相变化phase change相变热heat of phase change 相点phase point相对挥发度relative volatility 相对粘度relative viscosity相律phase rule相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium相图phase diagram相倚子系统system of dependent particles悬浮液suspension循环过程cyclic process压力商pressure quotient压缩因子compressibility factor压缩因子图diagram of compressibility factor亚稳状态metastable state盐桥salt bridge盐析salting out阳极anode杨氏方程Young’s equation液体接界电势liquid junction potential液相线liquid phase lines一级反应first order reaction一级相变first order phase change依时计量学反应time dependent stoichiometric reactions 逸度fugacity逸度系数coefficient of fugacity阴极cathode荧光fluorescence永动机perpetual motion machine永久气体Permanent gas有效能available energy原电池primary cell原盐效应salt effect增比粘度specific viscosity憎液溶胶lyophobic sol沾湿adhesional wetting沾湿功the work of adhesional wetting真溶液true solution真实电解质real electrolyte真实气体real gas真实迁移数true transference number振动配分函数partitionfunction of vibration振动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration蒸气压下降depression of vapor pressure正常沸点normal point正吸附positive adsorption支链反应branched chain reactions直链反应straight chain reactions指前因子pre-exponential factor质量作用定律mass action law 制冷系数coefficient of refrigeration中和热heat of neutralization 轴功shaft work转动配分函数partition function of rotation转动特征温度characteristic temperature of vibration 转化率convert ratio转化温度conversion temperature状态state状态方程state equation状态分布state distribution状态函数state function准静态过程quasi-static process 准一级反应pseudo first order reaction自动催化作用auto-catalysis 自由度degree of freedom自由度数number of degree of freedom自由焓free enthalpy自由能free energy自由膨胀free expansion组分数component number最低恒沸点lower azeotropic point最高恒沸点upper azeotropic point最佳反应温度optimal reaction temperature最可几分布most probabledistribution最可几速率most基础化学常用英语词汇1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体:对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of V olume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积,压力,温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy)熵(标准熵)30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. BalancingOxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s(p,d,f)轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素,原子数,质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名,组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral andSquare-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族(硼,铝,镓,铟,铊)135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead)碳族(碳,硅,锗,锡,铅)137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨,一氧化碳,二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸,碳酸盐,碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparationof Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid,Silicates 硅酸,硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族(磷,砷,锑,铋)142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨,硝酸,磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐,卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素(氧,硫,硒,碲)145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide臭氧,过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素(氟,氯,溴,碘)148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物,氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁,铜,锌,汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差(RSD)189. coefficient variation 变异系数(CV)190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸。
有机化学词汇前后缀
![有机化学词汇前后缀](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/9d04b14ef7ec4afe04a1dfc7.png)
-amidine 脒
-amine 胺
-ane 烷 小蚂蚁--化学考研公益社区7\ ~ A2p9O;^ p
anhydride 酐 小蚂蚁--化学考研公益社区 B A
}2b+t p+z*d L,a
keto- 酮
-lactone 内酯
mega- 106
meta- 间,偏
methoxy- 甲氧基
methyl 甲基
mono- ( mon-) 一,单
nano- 10-9
nitro- 硝基
nitroso- 亚硝基
nona- 九
nonadeca- 十九
ethoxy- 乙氧基
ethyl 乙基 ` G
fluoro- 氟代emi- 半
hendeca- 十一
hepta- 七
heptadeca- 十七
hexa- 六
hexadeca- 十六
-hydrin 醇
azo- 偶氮 h q%m/g'`
j u h b
benzene 苯
bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐
bis- 双
-borane 硼烷
W:B d
v L5M F l f H
bromo- 溴 化学,考研,资料,试题,笔记G+g"e7x H B
tetra- 四
tetradeca- 十四
tetrakis- 四个
thio- 硫代
trans- 反式,超,跨
tri- 三
thio- 硫代
化学常用前缀和后缀
![化学常用前缀和后缀](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c2aa3431eefdc8d376ee3296.png)
化学常用前缀和后缀acetal 醛缩醇acetal- 乙酰acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛alkali- 碱allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基-amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的-amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的-ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯-atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮benzene 苯bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双-borane 硼烷bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸centi- 10-2chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式condensed 缩合的、冷凝的cyclo- 环deca- 十deci 10-1二-dine 啶dodeca- 十二-ene 烯epi- 表epoxy- 环氧-ester 酯-ether 醚ethoxy- 乙氧基ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代-form 仿-glycol 二醇hemi- 半hendeca- 十一hepta- 七heptadeca- 十七hexa- 六hexadeca- 十六-hydrin 醇hydro- 氢或水hydroxyl 羟基hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属-ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替…胺,酐-il 偶酰-imine 亚胺iodo- 碘代iso- 异,等,同-ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮ketone 酮-lactone 内酯mega- 106meta- 间,偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亚硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八octadeca- 十八-oic 酸的-ol 醇-one 酮ortho- 邻,正,原-ous 亚酸的,低价金属oxa- 杂-oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟oxo- 酮oxy- 氧化-oyl 酰para- 对位,仲penta- 五pentadeca- 十五per- 高,过petro- 石油phenol 苯酚phenyl 苯基pico- 10-12 poly- 聚,多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一个半sexi- 六sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三个undeca- 十一uni- 单,一unsym- 不对称的,偏位-yl 基-ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原上)-yne 炔常用化学名称数字前缀831中文名数字前缀半0.5 hemi-单 1 -mono-倍半 1.5 sesqui-双 2 di-,bi-,双倍半 2.5 hemipenta-三 3 tri-四 4 tetra-五 5 penta-六 6 hexa-七7 hepta-八8 octa-九9 ennea-,nona-十10 deca-十一11 hendeca-,undeca- 十二12 dodeca-十三13 trideca-十四14 tetradeca-十五15 pentadeca-十六16 hexadeca-十七17 heptadeca-十八18 octadeca-十九19 nonadeca-二十20 eicosa-二十一21 heneicosa-二十二22 docosa-二十三23 tricosa- 二十四24 tetracosa-二十五25 pentacosa-二十六26 hexacosa-二十七27 heptacosa-二十八28 octacosa-二十九29 nonacosa-三十30 triaconta-四十40 tetraconta-五十50 pentaconta-六十60 hexaconta-七十70 heptaconta-八十80 octaconta-九十90 nonaconta-一百100 hecta-一百零一101 henhecta-一白零二102 dohecta-一百一十110 decahecta-一百二十120 eicosahecta-词根ag,act 做,驱动agent代理人active活动的,积极的agr 农田agriculture农业agrarian田地的am 爱,亲爱amicable友善的amiable和蔼可亲的anim 心灵,精神,生命animal动物animate有生命的ann,enn 年annual一年的centennial一世纪的astro 星astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员audi 听audience听众audible听得见的bell 战争rebellion反叛,反抗bellicose好战的bio 生命,常用的前缀后缀词根一.常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, countercurrent (逆流)counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”aboard, aside,2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转”circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示“在下,向下”descend, degrade5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示“额外”extraction (提取)8)fore- 表示“在前面”forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间,相互”international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示“向内,在内,内侧”introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示“中,中间”Mediterranean, midposition 13)out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示"向后,在后边,次”postscript(附言),16)pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示“在前,向前”progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示“在下面,下”subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement 19)super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示“在…..下面,下的”underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)3. 表示时间,序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示“先前,早于,预先”antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示“先,故,旧”expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示“在前面,先前,前面”foreward, dorecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示“中,中间”midnight, midsummer5)post-"表示“在后,后”postwar,6)pre-, pri-, 表示“在前,事先,预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示“在前,先,前”prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示“再一次,重新”retell, rewrite4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示“副,次要的”byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示“超越,额外”extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示“超过,极度”hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示“超过,过分”outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-,表示“超过,过度,太”overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示“低,次,副,亚”subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示“超过”supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)9)vice- 表示“副,次”vicepresident, vicechairman5. 表示共同,相等意思的前缀1)com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co- 表示“共同,一起”。
化工专业英语前缀后缀汇总
![化工专业英语前缀后缀汇总](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6679d3c514791711cd79173b.png)
butyronitrile
丁腈
acetic anhydride
乙酐
2、常见无机物构词规律
非含氧酸(尾缀-ic acide)
氢卤酸
haloid acide
氢氟酸
hydrofluoric acide
氢氯酸
hydrochloric acide
氢溴酸
hydrobromic acide
氢碘酸
hydroiodic acid
metaphosphate
含氧高某酸盐
(前缀per-;尾缀-ic acid)
对应盐
(前缀per-;尾缀-ate)
高氯酸
perchloric acid
perchlorate
高锰酸
permanganic acid
permanganate
高碘酸
periodic acid
periodate
高铁酸
ferric acid
叔丁基
ethyl
乙基
pentyl
戊基
propyl
丙基
iso-pentyl
异戊基
butyl
丁基
neo-pentyl
新戊基
iso-butyl
异丁基
hexyl
己基
烯烃
(尾缀-ene)
化学名称
炔烃
(尾缀-yne)
化学名称
ethene
乙烯
ethyne
乙炔
propene
丙烯
propyne
丙炔
butene
丁烯
butyne
丁酸
butyrate
丁酸盐(酯)
valeric acid; pentanotate
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acetal醛缩醇
acetal-乙酰
acid酸
-al醛
alcohol醇
-aldehyde醛
alkali-碱
allyl丙烯基
alkoxy-烷氧基
-amide酰胺
amino-氨基的
-amidine脒
-amine胺
-ane烷
anhydride酐
anilino-苯胺基
aquo-含水的
-ase酶
impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular
ne-, n-, none, neither, never
non-, noesense
neg-, neglect
un- unable, unemployment
2)表示错误的意义
male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)
十二12dodeca-
十三13trideca-
十四14tetradeca-
十五15pentadeca-
十六16hexadeca-
十七17heptadeca-
十八18octadeca-
十九19nonadeca-
二十20eicosa-
二十一21heneicosa-
二十二22docosa-
二十三23tricosa-二十四24tetracosa-二十五25pentacosa-二十六26hexacosa-二十七27heptacosa-二十八28octacosa-二十九29nonacosa-三十30triaconta-四十40tetraconta-五十50pentaconta-六十60hexaconta-七十70heptaconta-八十80octaconta-九十90nonaconta-一百100hecta-一百零一101henhecta-一白零二102dohecta-一百一十110decahecta-一百二十120eicosahecta-词根
6)pre-, pri-,表示“在前,事先,预先”preheat, prewar, prehistory
7)pro-,表示“在前,先,前”
prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-,表示“再一次,重新”
retell, rewrite
4.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-,表示“副,次要的”
symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6.表示整个完全意思的前缀
1)al-表示“完整,完全”alone, almost,
2) over-表示“完全,全”overall, overflow(充满)
3) pan-表示“全,总,万”panentheism(泛神论),
panorama
4)de-,表示“在下,向下”
descend, degrade
5)en-,表示“在内,进入”
encage, enbed(上床)
6)ex-, ec-, es-,表示“外部,外”
exit, eclipse, expand, export
7)extra-,表示“额外”
extraction(提取)
8)fore-表示“在前面”
-ate含氧酸的盐、酯
-atriyne三炔
azo-偶氮
benzene苯
bi-在盐类前表示酸式盐
bis-双
-borane硼烷
bromo-溴
butylxx
-carbinol甲醇
carbonyl羰基
-caboxylic acid羧酸
centi- 10-2
chloro-氯代
cis-顺式
condensed缩合的、xx的
hexadeca-十六
-hydrin醇
hydro-氢或水
hydroxyl羟基
hypo-低级的,次
-ic酸的,高价金属
-ide无氧酸的盐,酰替„胺,酐-il偶酰
-imine亚胺
iodo-碘代
iso-异,等,同
-itexx酸盐
keto-酮
ketone酮
-lactone内酯
mega- 106
meta-间,偏
overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub-, suc-, sur-,表示“低,次,副,亚”
subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super-, sur-表示“超过”
supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示“低劣,低下”
undersize,undergrown,underproduction(生产不
足)
9)vice-表示“副,次”
vicepresident, vicechairman
5.表示共同,相等意思的前缀
co-operate
2)syn-, syl-,sym-,表示“同,共,和,类”
with-, withdraw, withstand
2.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀
1)a-表示“在„„之上”,“向„„”
aboard, aside,
2)by-表示“附近,邻近,边侧”
bypath, bypass(弯路)
3)circum-, circu-,表示“周围,环绕,回转”
circumstance, circuit
astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员audi听
audience听众audible听得见的
bell战争
rebellion反叛,反抗bellicose好战的bio生命,
常用的前缀后缀词根一.常见的前缀
1.表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀
a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,
anti-, ant- antiknock(防震), antforeign,(排外的)
contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,
countercurrent (逆流)
counter-, counterreaction, counterbalance
ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupy
syn-顺式,同,共ter-三
tetra-四tetradeca-十四
tetrakis-四个thio-硫代
trans-反式,超,跨tri-三
trideca-十三tris-三个
undeca-十一uni-单,一
unsym-不对称的,偏位-yl基
-ylene撑(二价基,价在不同原上)
-yne炔
常用化学名称数字前缀
7.表示分离,离开意思的前缀
1)a-ab-,abs-,表示“分离,离开”away,apart,
abstract, abstain
2)de-表示“离去,处去”depart, decolour,
3)dis-,di-,dif-,表示“分离,离开”divorce,
disarm(缴械)
4)ex-,e-,表示“离开,分离”expel,exclude,
12)medi-, med-, mid-,表示“中,中间”
Mediterranean, midposition13)out-,表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward
14)over-,表示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead, overboard
831中文名数字前缀半0.5hemi-
单1-mono-
倍半
1.5sesqui-
双2di-,bi-,
双倍半
2.5hemipenta-
三3tri-
四4tetra-
五5penta-
六6hexa-
七7hepta-
八8octa-
九9ennea-,nona-
十10deca-
十一11hendeca-,undeca-
ag,act做,驱动
agent代理人active活动的,积极的agr农田
agriculture农业agrarian田地的
amxx,亲xx
amicable友善的amiable和蔼可亲的anim心灵,精神,生命
animal动物animate有生命的
ann,enn年
annual一年的centennial一世纪的astro星
mis-, mistake, mislead
pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience
3)表示反动作的意思
de-, defend, demodulation(解调)
dis-, disarm, disconnect
un-, unload, uncover
4)表示相反,相互对立意思
forehead, foreground
9)in-, il-, im-, ir-,表示“向内,在内,背于”
inland, invade, inside, import
10)inter-, intel-,表示“在„„间,相互”
11)intro-,表示“向内,在内,内侧”
introduce, introduce
subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement19)super-, sur-,表示“在„..之上”superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-,表示“移上,转上,在那一边”translate, transform, transoceanic