英语科技论文翻译
科技文献中英文对照翻译
Sensing Human Activity:GPS Tracking感应人类活动:GPS跟踪Stefan van der Spek1,*,Jeroen van Schaick1,Peter de Bois1,2and Remco de Haan1Abstract:The enhancement of GPS technology enables the use of GPS devices not only as navigation and orientation tools,but also as instruments used to capture travelled routes:assensors that measure activity on a city scale or the regional scale.TU Delft developed aprocess and database architecture for collecting data on pedestrian movement in threeEuropean city centres,Norwich,Rouen and Koblenz,and in another experiment forcollecting activity data of13families in Almere(The Netherlands)for one week.Thequestion posed in this paper is:what is the value of GPS as‘sensor technology’measuringactivities of people?The conclusion is that GPS offers a widely useable instrument tocollect invaluable spatial-temporal data on different scales and in different settings addingnew layers of knowledge to urban studies,but the use of GPS-technology and deploymentof GPS-devices still offers significant challenges for future research.摘要：增强GPS技术支持使用GPS设备不仅作为导航和定位工具,但也为仪器用来捕捉旅行路线:作为传感器,测量活动在一个城市或区域范围内规模。
EST科技英语
⏹ 1 The classical Greek civilization knew of seven metals: gold, silver, copper, iron, tin,lead and mercury.⏹在古希腊文明社会里，人们已经知道使用金银铜铁锡铅和水银七种金属。
⏹ 2 Now we have a better understanding of Einstein’s special theory of relativity afterattending a series of lectures on the topic.⏹参加了一系列相关讲座后，我们加深了对爱因斯坦狭义相对论的理解.⏹ 3 The holographic image (全息照片）must be viewed by looking directly through the film.Consequently，the size of the film limits the size of the audience that may view it at one time.⏹全息图像一定要直接透过底片才能观看。
因此，底片的尺寸使同时观看的人数受到限制。
⏹ 4 Sodium hydroxide （氢氧化钠）is a strong base.⏹氢氧化钠是一种强碱。
⏹ 5 The half-lives of certain radioactive substances are very long.⏹某些放射性物质的半衰期很长。
⏹ 6. Friction is usually the main cause of wear.⏹摩擦是造成磨损的主要原因。
⏹7.A body will expand when heated and contract when cooled.⏹物体热胀冷缩。
⏹8. They got a heavy fine due to the breach of the contract.⏹由于违反了合同，他们受到了巨额罚款。
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
section2 1-4科技英语阅读与翻译
1 Monograph专著1. The general definition of a monographScientific treatises of book length but otherwise variable format prepared by acknowledged experts onspecialized topics for the benefit of others who have specialized in. or who wish to obtain a specialist'sappreciation of, these topics.2. The value of monographs for scientific researchesThe value of monographs lies in the coherence and comprehensiveness of the information and knowledge theycontain, which is important to the specialized researchers to whom they are directed and, therefore, to theadvancement of science and engineering generally.3. The qualities of the authors of monographsThe authors of monographs should have exceptional breadth and depth of knowledge, and must be able tocollect, collate, analyze, integrate, and synthesize all relevant contributions to the archival literature of thescientific and engineering journals and to add original material as required.4. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsMonographs generally are written by specialists for the benefit of other specialists. Textbooks are pedagogicalworks which, even if written on fairly narrow subjects, are designed to serve broader and more juniorreaderships than specialized research communities.5. The differences between monographs and books of conference proceedingsConference papers commonly take the form of premature announcements of new scientific discoveries.Conference proceedings generally have a short shelf life.6. The main components of a monographThe author, title and subtitle, date of publication, dust cover or blurb, content pages, bibliography and index,illustrations, preface and introduction.7. An indication of the book’s successThe number of editions is an indic ation of the book’s success.8. The function of the blurbIt gives the reader a rapid overview of the contents and approach. It might also say what the book contains andfor whom it is written.2 Academic Journal学术期刊1. The general definition of an academic journalAn academic journal is a peer-reviewed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academicdiscipline is published.2. The significance of peer-review processThe peer-review process is considered critical to establishing a reliable body of research and knowledge.3. The definition of review articlesReview articles, also called “reviews of progress”, are checks on the research published in journals.4. One difference between original research articles and review articlesUnlike original research articles, review articles tend to be solicited submissions, sometimes planned years inadvance.5. The places where science journals are authoritatively rankedNatural science journals are categorized and ranked in the Science Citation Index, and social science journalsin the Social Science Citation Index.6. The possible quantitative factors to reflect an academic journal’s prestigeThe number of later articles citing articles already published in the journal, the overall number of citations,how quickly articles are cited, and the average “half-life” of articles.7. The financial resources of humanities and social science academic journalsSubsidies by universities or professional organizations and advertising fees by advertisers.8. The role of internet in the production of, and access to, academic journalsThe Internet has revolutionized the production of, and access to, academic journals, with their contentsavailable online via services subscribed to by academic libraries or even in a way of open access. 33 Organization of a Scientific Paper科技论文的篇章结构1. In most scientific journals, scientific papers include the following sectionsSummary or Abstract, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgments.2. The content of Summary or AbstractIt gives a brief background to the topic, describes concisely the major findings of the paper, and relates thesefindings to the field of study.3. The Introduction section deals with the following two pointsIt describes first the accepted state of knowledge in a specialized field; then it focuses more specifically on aparticular aspect, usually describing a finding or set of findings that led directly to the work described in thepaper.4. The purpose of Materials and MethodsIts purpose is to describe the materials used in the experiments and the methods by which the experimentswere carried out.5. The two ways of organizing ResultsIn some papers, the results are presented without extensive discussion, which is reserved for thefollowingsection. In other papers, results are given, and then they are interpreted, perhaps taken together with otherfindings not in the paper, so as to give the logical basis for later experiments.6. The purposes of the Discussion sectionThe data in the paper are interpreted; the findings of the paper are related to other findings in the field; thisserves to show how the findings contribute to knowledge, or correct the errors of previous work; some of thelogical arguments are often provided when it is necessary to clarify why later experiments were earned out.7. The reason for combining the Results and DiscussionBecause the data need extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the train of logic developed in thecourse of the research.8. The difference between the abstracts in Science and those in NatureIn Science, the abstract is self-contained; in Nature, the abstract also serves as a brief introduction to the paper.4 Reading a Scientific Paper科技论文的阅读方法1. The order to understand the major points of the work, you should first readThe Abstract.2. Reading the Title and the Abstract serves three purposesFirst, it clarifies whether you in fact know enough background to appreciate the paper. Second, it refreshesyour memory about the topic. Third, it helps you integrate the new information into your previous knowledgeabout the topic.3. When reading in a familiar field, you can skim or even skipThe Introduction.4. The three typical codewordsData not shown, unpublished data, preliminary data.5. The poorly written papers are often related to three types of writersThose who are poor writers; those who do not enjoy writing, and do not take the time or effort to ensure thatthe prose is dear and logical; those who are so familiar with the material that it is difficult to step back and seeit from the point of view of a reader not familiar with the topic.6. The three characteristics of “bad writing”First, the logical connections are often left out. Second, papers are often cluttered with a great deal of jargon.Third, the authors often do not provide a clear roadmap through the paper.7. In better writing, the side issues are dealt with in the following waysThey are relegated to Figure legends or Materials and Methods or clearly identified as side issues, so as not todistract the reader.8. Another problem faced by the readers is that when they seek to understand just the experiment was,they may findThe authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in turn to previous papers m a long chain.。
科技论文翻译
遗传学 genetics 力学/机械学 mechanics 热动力学 thermodynamics 天文物理学 astrophysics 园艺学 horticulture 畜牧业 animal husbandry
科技英语新词
Sina twitter, weibo， tweet 微博 podcast 播客 cybersquatting 抢注域 名 cyberspace 网络空间 Tele-office 远程办公 twitern (twitter实习生)
Clarity (明确性)
Clarity greatly facilitates effective communication between these professionals.
Accuracy(准确性)
Use accurate language to express the meanings exactly and clearly in scientific studies.
vocabulary?理论科学purescience?应用科学appliedscience?模型model?假设hypothesis?现行的科学定律theworkinglawofscience?生命周期thelifecycle?方程式equation?放射性radioactivity?金属疲劳metalfatigue?人类学anthropologyvocabularyextendedreading?物理科学thephysicalscience?地球科学theearthscience?生命科学thelifescience?天文学astronomy?古生物学paleontology?海洋学oceanography?气象学meteorology?植物学botany?动物学zoology?遗传学genetics?力学机械学mechanics?热动力学thermodynamics?天文物理学astrophysics?园艺学horticulture?畜牧业animalhusbandry科技英语新词?sinatwitterweibotweet微博?podcast播客?cybersquatting抢注域名?cyberspace网络空间?teleoffice远程办公?twiterntwitter实习生?flextime弹性工作制?ecommence电子商务?ejournal电子期刊?brexit英国退出欧盟的戏谑说法tryit?itisessentialthattheoverallprogramstrategybecompletelymappedoutbeforeanyofthedetailedprogrammingactuallybegins
英语科技论文长句翻译中的常见问题和处理技巧
英语科技论文长句翻译中的常见问题和处理技巧英汉双语思维方式及语言表达习惯的不同增加了翻译的难度，特别是长句的翻译一直是英译汉中的重点和难点。
在英语科技论文翻译中，蓝译编译认为，翻译长句的过程可分为两个阶段：一是拆句即分析源语句子结构、理解内容；二是组句即整理源语句中的信息点、用目标语重新表达。
翻译实践中发现，在这两个阶段中最常见的问题，是语序问题和断句的问题。
一、语序问题的处理技巧。
英语的修饰成分多、长度长，而且多位于中心词的后面，但在汉语中定语和状语长度短，往往位于中心词之前。
翻译时就有必要对这些附属结构的顺序进行变动，维持原句的顺序肯定是不符合汉语表达习惯的。
译者要灵活运用常见的长句翻译方法，特别是综合使用顺译法和逆译法，把握信息点的重要性，考虑英汉排列信息的特点，按照各自的语言表达习惯重新排列信息。
一般来说，英语句子注重信息的主次之分，主要信息放在突出位置，次要信息作为辅助性的描写或叙述手段。
同时，英语有时态，可以通过动词的变化显出动作发生的先后顺序，而且英语大量使用分词和从句，位置也灵活，可前可后。
相比之下，汉语简单一些，叙事多借助并列结构即并列分句和并列谓语，按照时间顺序和逻辑顺序排列各成分的顺序。
汉语的信息重心并不在于形式，而体现在内在逻辑关系上。
二、断句的问题的处理技巧。
汉语多流水句，一个长句可能有多个主语，而英语中一句话只能有一个主语，因此有些情况下需要把长句断开翻译。
原文里的一句话在译文时可能分成两句或多句，尤其是在并列句中如果内容具有同等的重要性，或是相互间的关系不那么密切，往往可以分割开来。
译者首先要确定句子主干，确定原句的时态、语态、语气，从整体上把握句子结构。
然后区分主(句)从(句)，识别修饰语。
在第一步确定整个句子的中心内容的基础上分析各个分层的意思，判断分析各成分的内在逻辑关系和各自功能，搞清整个长句的层次，推断句子思维逻辑和表达重心。
分析清楚长句结构后，关键一点就是在何处断句，具体要把握以下原则：在结论、结果前断句；在句子语气变化处断开；在反问句、感叹句等句式变化处断开；在句子信息由总向分或者由分向总处断开；在分句顺序变化处断开。
浅议英语科技论文中长句的翻译技巧
浅议英语科技论文中长句的翻译技巧从逻辑与表达方面来看，科技论文严格要求逻辑连贯，表达明晰、畅达，对用词晦涩要坚决避免，避免主观随意性，讲求平易和精确。
这也就决定了英语科技论文中往往出现许多结构复杂的长句，给翻译工作者带来了一定的困难。
为了准确、迅速地阅读和翻译英语科技论文，蓝译编译结合工作实践与他人经验，对英语科技论文中长句的翻译方法进行总结。
一、顺译法。
有些长句的内容安排与汉语的安排与汉语的习惯大体相同，翻译时，基本可按原文语序依次译出，而无须做太大的调整变通。
这种译法叫顺译法。
因此，这类长句的翻译相对比较容易，在此不做详细说明。
二、逆译法。
如果英语长句的时间顺序或逻辑顺序等叙事层次与汉语不相一致，往往需要改变原文语序，甚至逆着原文语序翻译，以使译文更加符合汉语叙事论理的习惯。
在汉译不同的英语长句中，可能作变序处理的结构比较多，即包括作定语或状语的短语和从句，又包括作主语、宾语或表语的名词性从句以及同位语从句等，但定语和状语的变序处理更常见也更重要。
因此，下面着重说明涉及这两种变序处理的长句翻译。
1.改变定语语序。
在汉语中，定语通常位于被修饰语之前。
因此，许多英语长句中后置的定语短语或定语从句译成汉语时经常需要改变语序，调整到被修饰语之前的位置上。
2.改变状语语序。
英语叙事说理的逻辑顺序相对比较灵活, 表示原因、条件、前提等的状语成分既可前置又可后置；汉语则一般是前因后果、先提出条件后交代结果，有关状语大多前置。
因此，在汉译某些英语长句时，经常需要调整其状语的语序。
三、分译法。
分译法是翻译英语长句最为常见的手法之一。
由于汉语多采用较短句式，因此经常可以将英语长句的某些短语或从句分译成句。
特别是有些短语或从句与句子中的其它成分的联系并不紧密时，这时分译法就尤其适用。
关于长句的译法，方法是多种多样的。
同一个英语长句，也不一定局限于一种处理方法。
要根据具体的行文，灵活恰当地加以运用。
在翻译有些长句时，往往需要综合运用几种手法，方能奏效。
科技英语论文写作及翻译
LOGO第一章记叙文体的英译与写作第二章法律文体的英译与写作第三章应用文体英译与写作第四章广告文体英译与写作QQ:105448245424学时科技英语(二)EST ⅡREFERENCES:1、张梦井，杜耀文汉英科技翻译指南，航空工业出版社，19962、王运，实用科技英语翻译技巧，科技文献出版社，19923、熊第霖，英文科技写作，国防工业出版社，20011 记叙文体的汉译英1. 1 科技论文的汉译英问题1. 2 摘要的英译与写作1. 3 国际会议文献的英译与写作1. 1 科技论文的汉译英问题一、科技论文的分类◆按学科的性质和功能⏹基础学科论文⏹技术学科论文⏹应用学科论文◆按照写作目的和发挥的作用⏹学术性论文⏹技术性论文⏹学位论文◆按论文内容所属学科数学论文物理论文化学论文天文学论文机械工程技术论文建筑工程技术论文◆按研究和写作方法理论推导型实(试)验研究型观测型设计计算型发现发明型争鸣型综述型Title标题Abstract摘要Keywords关键词Table of contents目录Nomenclature术语表Introduction引言正文Acknowledgement致谢Reference参考文献Appendix附录Methods方法Results结果Discussion讨论Conclusion结论二、科技论文的一般结构LOGOacknowledgmentReferencesTitle 标题Author 作者Abstract 摘要Introduction 引言4 Summary and conclusion三、论文标题的英译与写作1、标题的作用⏹Generalizing the Text⏹Attracting the Reader⏹Facilitating the Retrieval2、标题的长度（单词总数）及词性⏹标题不宜过长，大多为12个单词以内。
⏹标题中用得最多的是名词（包括动名词），除名词外，用得较多的是介词，有时使用形容词、冠词、连词、副词。
有关翻译技术的英文作文
有关翻译技术的英文作文英文：Translation technology has made great progress inrecent years, and it has greatly facilitated communication between people who speak different languages. As a language enthusiast, I have always been fascinated by the power of translation technology and its impact on our daily lives.One of the most common and widely used translation technologies is machine translation, which uses computer algorithms to translate text from one language to another. For example, Google Translate is a popular machine translation tool that can quickly translate web pages, documents, and even spoken language. I remember a time when I was traveling in Japan and needed to communicate with a local shopkeeper who didn't speak English. I used Google Translate to help me ask for directions and make a purchase, and it worked like a charm.In addition to machine translation, there are also human-powered translation services, where professional translators provide accurate and culturally sensitive translations for a wide range of content. For instance, when I was working on a business proposal that needed to be translated into Chinese, I hired a professional translator to ensure that the message was conveyed accurately and effectively.中文：翻译技术在近年来取得了巨大的进步，极大地促进了不同语言之间的交流。
英文科技专题文章范文(热门3篇)
英文科技专题文章范文(热门3篇)英文科技专题文章范文第1篇One way to get noticed is Reuben Smith Vaughn, another American college graduate. The most popular majors in this university are English, business and economics. Sitting here, he hears the real Emptiness: Bachelor's degree or above, major in machinery or trade.Our textbook is new international business English published by Cambridge University Press. How do you deal with training, becoming a celebrity and homework? I'm Li San from Jiujiang. I'm a fresh graduate majoring in Business English, with bachelor's degree or above in mining or business English Mechanical or business majors give priority to college education with Japanese as major, plus practical experience in translating business documents for homework.Write a letter to your parents and tell them about your life in college,.中文翻译：一个能引起注意的方法是鲁本·史密斯·沃恩，另一个美国大学的毕业生。
高中英语科技论文翻译练习题40题
高中英语科技论文翻译练习题40题1.The term “nanotechnology” refers to the manipulation of matter on an extremely small scale.A.纳米技术B.核能技术C.网络技术D.新能源技术答案：A。
“nanotechnology”就是“纳米技术”；B 选项“核能技术”是“nuclear technology”；C 选项“网络技术”是“network technology”；D 选项“新能源技术”是“new energy technology”。
2.“Genetic engineering” is a field that involves altering the genetic makeup of organisms.A.基因工程B.地理工程C.机械工程D.软件工程答案：A。
“Genetic engineering”是“基因工程”；B 选项“地理工程”是“geographical engineering”；C 选项“机械工程”是“mechanical engineering”；D 选项“软件工程”是“software engineering”。
3.“Artificial intelligence” has the potential to revolutionize many industries.A.人工智能B.人工制造C.艺术灵感D.艺术智能答案：A。
“Artificial intelligence”是“人工智能”；B 选项“人工制造”是“artificial manufacturing”；C 选项“艺术灵感”是“artistic inspiration”；D 选项“艺术智能”不存在这个表达。
4.“Renewable energy sources” include solar power, wind power, and hydro power.A.可再生能源B.新能源C.不可再生能源D.传统能源答案：A。
初中英语科技类作文范文
初中英语科技类作文范文English:With the rapid development of technology, science has brought about numerous advancements that have greatly impacted our daily lives. From the invention of smartphones that allow us to communicate with others instantly to the use of artificial intelligence for problem-solving, technology has revolutionized the way we live. In the field of medicine, technology has enabled doctors to perform complex surgeries with precision and accuracy, ultimately saving countless lives. Additionally, the development of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power has allowed us to move towards a more sustainable future, reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and combating climate change. Overall, technology has not only improved efficiency and convenience but also provided solutions to some of the most pressing challenges facing our world today.Chinese:随着技术的飞速发展，科学带来了许多革新，这些革新对我们的日常生活产生了巨大影响。
科技翻译见解点滴论文
科技翻译见解点滴摘要:本文简要介绍了科技翻译的特征,科技翻译的原则和译者应有的素质,希望帮助读者对科技翻译有个更好的了解。
关键词:科技翻译;特征;原则;译者;素质introductiontranslation is in some degree a recreation. sci-tech translation is one part of translation. it is a process that reconstructs the original text expressed by the rigorous and standard written language. the diversity, extensity and complexity of sci-tech articles decide the difficulty and technicality of sci-tech translation work.1.0 characters of sci-tech translationsci-tech translation requires language that is actual, intuitive and clear in expression. the word use should be unified as possible as it can, especially some conceptual words.sci-tech translation is various in kind and specialty characteristics are distinctive. when do the written translation, although the translators look up in dictionary frequently, the articles they have translated are very awful. the basic reason is that they are not familiar with the specialty and even do not understand it at all. when you masterenough amounts of technical terms, you will feel bright at once.in addition, the language of sci-tech translation is accurate. it requires that the information of the original manuscripts should be conveyed objectively. it has only one surface meaning. sci-tech translation tries to avoid emotional coloring2.0 principles of sci-tech translationgenerally speaking, sci-tech articles are written in plain description, aiming at plainness and accuracy and using rhetoric as little as possible. in requirement of the characteristics of sci-tech articles, translators should follow the principles of accuracy, clarity, plainness and conciseness and objectivity, making sure that the translations are in accordance with the style characteristics of sci-tech articles on the premise of conveying the meaning.2.1 principle of accuracyaccuracy refers to expressing the meaning of the source language in target language when do the translation. articles require that the word use is accurate, avoiding obscurity polysemy. in translation process, translators should discriminate the words meanings before they decide which theyuse. or the translations will be obscure or a thousand miles away form the source texts in the meaning.2.2 principle of clarityclarity means to express the meaning of the source text clearly. for example, relations between chinese sentences are connected by their meanings, rarely using conjunctions. while in english, the structure is rigorous and there are many conjunctions. this makes the relations between composing components in one sentence or sentence and sentence clear. in addition, there is only one predicate verb in english simple sentence. as a result, when there are several verbs in a chinese sentence, only one main verb appears as predicate verb and other verbs appear as non-predicate verbs.2.3 principle of concisenessin sci-tech english, in order to argue accurately, translators will add some modified and restricted words and sentences although the definitions, laws and theorems are accurate, the concepts described and production process narrated are clear. meanings would not be affected if these kinds of words are omitted. instead, it will be concise. in addition, frequent use of non-personal nouns or nominalization structure is a common way to make thetranslations be concise. this could express different relations in sci-tech english in the most concise form and also could omit the obvious words the represent the logic relations.2.4 principle of objectivitythe tasks of sci-tech articles are that describe objective phenomenon, reveal their laws; introduce scientific research achievements, narrate process and conclusion of experiments; explain characteristics of products and points that should be paid attention to in producing process.generally speaking, sci-tech articles use simple present tense to narrate the social phenomena, process, conventions and so on. simple present tense is often used to express explanations of scientific definitions, laws, equations or formulas and diagrams. as for passive voice, it can not only make readers pay attention to the things, phenomena or process that are narrated but also seems very objective.3.0 qualities of sci-tech translatorsbesides the basic qualities that the general translators possess, sci-tech translators should also possess the special qualities of the professional technology. followings are twoqualities that the sci-tech translators should have.3.1 political qualitysci-tech translators should have high consciousness of political thoughts, strong sense of responsibility and noble professional ethic. they should love their countries, their people and socialism and abide by professional codes, stand firmly on the side of their own company and serve for the interest of their own countries.3.2 solid language basic skills and certain professional knowledgetranslators should possess large vocabularies, systematic foreign language morphology and syntax knowledge of a foreign language. besides possessing certain amount of foreign language knowledge, translators should possess comprehensive basic sci-tech knowledge, technical terms and specialized vocabularies as much as possible.conclusionas an important part of national scientific and technological knowledge course, sci-tech translation is a key means to spread whole-world sci-tech information, sci-tech knowledge and scientific research achievements. so sci-tech translations should be put in an improtant place.参考文献:[1]成妙仙,科技翻译体会点滴,《山西科技》第6期,2003.[2]刘国仕,试论科技翻译工作者的素养,《河南工业大学学报》(社会科学版)第2期,2007.[3]苗传臣,浅谈科技译员的素质,《中国科技翻译》第3期,1998.[4]杨保良,试谈科技翻译的特点及规律,《能源基地建设》第3期,1998.[5]杨超,刍议21世纪的科技翻译,《现代情报》第11期,2004.[6]杨先琇,科技翻译的特点及词汇翻译,《中国科技翻译》第2期,1990.[7]杨早春,谈汉英科技翻译的原则及方法,《和田师范专科学校学报》第2期,2007.作者简介:耿瑞超(1984-),女,汉族,山东淄博人,山东大学外国语学院2007级硕士研究生,主要从事翻译理论和实践研究。
关于科技用途与影响的英语作文约一百字左右
关于科技用途与影响的英语作文约一百字左右
Technology has transformed the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones and social media to artificial intelligence and smart home devices, technology has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has improved efficiency, connected people across the globe, and opened up new possibilities in various fields. However, technology also brings challenges such as privacy concerns and over-reliance on devices. Despite its impact, technology continues to shape the world and drive innovation in countless ways.
中文翻译：
科技已经改变了我们的生活、工作和交流方式。
从智能手机和社交媒体到人工智能和智能家居设备，科技已成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
它提高了效率，连接了全球各地的人们，并在各个领域开辟了新的可能性。
然而，科技也带来了挑战，如隐私问题和对设备的过度依赖。
尽管其影响巨大，但科技仍在以无数方式塑造世界，并推动创新。
英文摘要翻译
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随后的是论证句。论证句至少有两句以上, 主要提供 诸如研究方法、 实验、 过程、 调查、 计算、分析、 结果等其它重要信息，这些论证句可以被看作是论文 的主体。 1.The method used in this study is known as… 2.The procedure can be briefly described as… 3.The fundamental features of this theory are as follows… 4.The experiment consisted of three steps, which are described in…
The Economic Model Restrained by Market Demands of Labor Forces
“⋯⋯需求约束条件下的⋯⋯模式”等于“ ⋯⋯需求约束下的⋯⋯ 模式”,故“条件”一词未译。
现代机械系统可靠性设计探讨
(Discussion on) The Reliability Design of Modern Mechanical System
2
1.论文摘要的结构、文体要求及要素
一篇论文的摘要在本质上就是一篇浓缩的论
文，它是作者对研究目的、研究过程、研究 方法和研究结果的简要陈述和概括。
1.1 摘要的结构 摘要一般分为两类：信息性摘要和指示性摘 要。当今绝大部分的科技期刊和会议论文都 要求作者提供信息性摘要。
3
1.1 摘要的结构
1.This paper gives a brief introduction to… 2. This article describes a detailed study of… 3. This paper discusses … 4. This article gives a complete commentary on the… 5. In this paper are presented the results . . .
英语专业毕业论文翻译方向
英语专业毕业论文翻译方向英语专业毕业论文翻译方向随着全球化的发展，英语专业毕业论文翻译方向成为越来越多学生选择的方向。
翻译作为一门语言学科，不仅需要掌握语言的基本知识，还需要具备一定的文化素养和专业背景。
本文将从翻译的定义、翻译方向的选择、翻译技巧和翻译的前景等方面进行探讨。
首先，翻译是将一种语言转化为另一种语言的过程。
翻译的目的是为了使不同语言之间的信息得以传递和理解。
翻译的难度在于不同语言之间的差异，包括语法、词汇、语义和语用等方面。
因此，翻译需要翻译者具备良好的语言能力和跨文化交际能力。
在选择翻译方向时，应根据个人的兴趣和专业背景进行选择。
英语专业毕业论文翻译方向可以包括文学翻译、商务翻译、法律翻译、科技翻译等。
文学翻译要求翻译者具备良好的文学素养和文化背景，能够准确传达原文的意境和风格。
商务翻译要求翻译者具备商务知识和跨文化交际能力，能够准确传达商务文件和会议内容。
法律翻译要求翻译者具备法律知识和专业术语的掌握，能够准确传达法律文件和合同条款。
科技翻译要求翻译者具备科技知识和专业术语的掌握，能够准确传达科技文献和研究成果。
在进行翻译时，需要掌握一些翻译技巧。
首先，要注意语言的准确性和流畅性。
翻译不仅要准确传达原文的意思，还要使译文符合目标语言的语法和习惯用法。
其次，要注意文化的适应性。
不同语言和文化之间存在差异，翻译者要根据目标读者的文化背景进行适当的调整。
再次，要注意上下文的理解和转化。
翻译不仅要理解句子的表面意思，还要理解句子的语境和语用功能，以便进行准确的转化。
英语专业毕业论文翻译方向具有广阔的前景。
随着全球化的深入发展，跨国公司和国际组织对翻译人才的需求越来越大。
翻译人才不仅可以从事翻译工作，还可以从事口译、笔译、翻译管理、翻译教学等相关工作。
同时，随着互联网的普及，网站翻译和软件翻译也成为热门的翻译方向。
因此，选择英语专业毕业论文翻译方向将为学生提供广阔的就业机会和发展空间。
总之，英语专业毕业论文翻译方向是一门既有挑战性又有前景的学科。
英文学术论文翻译-中英文对照(三)
•These new measures will, we believe, increase the people’s purchasing power and lead to thriving financial and commercial conditions rather than make a mess of the country’s finances as some people argue.
一、主谓单句
汉语的主谓单句，从外形结构 上来看，跟英语的“主谓”结构是 相似的，但它的主语和谓语表达却 与英语有许多不同的地方。所以翻 译汉语主谓单句时，至少应注意几 个问题。
1、防止主语的机械对应。 中国近几年来发生了巨变。 ①There have been great changes in China these years. ②These years have seen (witnessed) great changes in China. ③Great changes have taken place in China these years. ④China crackles with the dynamics of changes these years.
汉语的基本句型及其翻译
汉语造句以名词为重心，以词组、散句和 分句为手段，善于按时间、逻辑顺序进行横 排式叙述，有时断句不严，外形松散。有人 称汉语是时间型的动态结构，主要体现于形 式自由，富于弹性。
英语则以“主—谓”主干结构为重心来统 领各种语言成分，句界分明，外形严密。 因此，汉语各种句型译成英语时，不仅在 逻辑关系上而且在外形上都应该体现出英语 句法结构的特点。
2-3 Reversing • 1）沿路都是小商店。 Small shops dot the way. • 2）他这样悍然行事使我们非常气恼。 Hot anger burned in our minds against him at his rashness.
科技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译
科技论文英文摘要的编写及翻译随着科学技术的日新月异，我国在科技领域取得了越来越多的成就，受到更多国际同行的关注。
广大科技工作者也需要向世界展示、介绍所取得的成就和成果。
介绍这些成果的科技类刊物则日益受到世界科技界人士和相关学术机构的重视，如美国的《科学引文索引)(Science Citation Index，简称SCI)、《工程索引》(Engineering Index，简称EI)和英国的《物理文摘》(Physics Abstract，简称PA)等重要的信息情报检索刊物每年都要收录大量的科技刊物的英文摘要。
为了增进国际间的学术交流，对英文摘要编写的标准、格式及质量也有了愈来愈高的要求，这也成为评价科技期刊质量的一项重要指标。
摘要是对“论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述”，其作用主要是为读者阅读、信息人员及计算机检索提供方便。
原则上说，科技论文的英文摘要应该是用英文直接编写，这样可以用英文的思维方式、行文习惯直接、准确地表达作者的思想。
但是这对许多科技人员来说尚有一定的难度。
因此，有些科技人员通常是采用其应用自如的中文，集中精力解决摘要的结构和实质性内容的概括等方面的问题，写出摘要的中文稿，然后把它译成英文。
但是目前论文作者撰写的中文摘要问题比较多，常见的有摘要形式选取不当、内容不完整、缺少研究目的或试验结论、表达不清楚、语言不顺、格式不规范等，主要原因就是作者对摘要的概念、分类及撰写要求等没有掌握。
a. 摘要的要素摘要的要素主要包括以下4个方面的内容：(1)研究目的。
准确描述该研究的目的，说明提出问题的缘由，表明研究的范围和重要性。
(2)研究方法。
简要说明研究课题的基本设计，使用了什么材料和方法，所用的仪器及设备，如何分组对照，研究范围和精确程度，数据是如何取得的，经何种统计学方法处理。
(3)结果。
简要列出该研究的主要结果，有什么新发现，说明其价值和局限。
叙述要具体、准确并给出结果的置信值及统计学显著性检验的确切值。
科技改变劳动英语作文
科技改变劳动英语作文Technological advancements have revolutionized the landscape of labor, transforming traditional jobs and creating new ones.From automation to artificial intelligence, these innovations have not only increased efficiency but also reshaped the way we work.科技进步彻底改变了劳动市场的面貌，将传统职业进行了革新，同时也催生了新的工作机会。
从自动化到人工智能，这些创新不仅提高了效率，还重新定义了我们的工作方式。
In the era of smart factories and digital economies, workers must adapt to these changes by upskilling and reskilling to remain relevant.This shift demands a growth mindset and a willingness to embrace lifelong learning.在智能工厂和数字经济的时代，工人必须通过提升技能和重新学习以适应这些变化，以保持自己的相关性。
这一转变需要具备成长心态，并愿意接受终身学习。
However, the rise of technology in the workplace also raises concerns about job displacement and increased inequality.It is crucial for governments, businesses, and educational institutions to work together to ensure a smooth transition and address the challenges that arise.然而，职场中科技崛起也引发了对就业岗位流失和加剧不平等的关注。
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Are Counterfactual Decisions Relevant for DynamicallyConsistent Updating under Nonexpected Utility?*不可预期效用下的动态一致性更新与反事实的决定有关吗？Peter P. WakkerCentER, Tilburg University, The Netherlands中心、昆士兰大学,荷兰December, 19971997年十月ABSTRACT. This paper proposes a new updating method that preserves dynamic consistency in nonexpected utility. Given nonseparability of disjoint 解体events, preferences conditional on an observed 观测的；观察的event also depend on counterfactual outcomes, i.e., outcomesthat would have resulted outside of the conditioning 调节；整修；条件作用event; this point has been well-understood in the literature. This paper argues that, as a consequence, also counterfactualdecisions are relevant. A new "strategic" method for updating then follows.摘要。
这篇论文提出了一种保护不可预期效用下的一致性新的更新方法。
考虑到解体事件的不可分割性，对所观察事件的偏好条件，取决于反事实的结果还是会引起外调节事件的外部。
这一点在文学里有很好的理解。
这篇论文认为，作为一种结果也是反事实决策相关的，一种新的如下战略手段用来更新KEYWORDS: dynamic consistency, resolute choice, updating.Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number D81.Please send editorial communications to:Peter WakkerCentER, Tilburg UniversityP.O. Box 90153, Tilburg 5000 LE, The Netherlands* This paper benefitted from discussions with Rakesh Sarin and with participants in a conference on uncertainty in economics, Dept. of Economics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, November 1993, and from discussions with Jean-Y ves Jaffray and attendents at a seminar on risk, uncertainty, and decision,LAFORIA, University of Paris I and VI, France, December 1996.2关键词:动态一致性、果断抉择,更新。
《经济文献分类号码D81。
请寄给编辑通讯:彼得韦克尔中心、昆士兰大学邮箱90153号c昆士兰5000,荷兰本文也从沙林和关于经济学上不确定性的会议上的讨论，经济学部门，美国约翰霍普金斯大学、巴尔的摩,1993年11月,以及和Jaffray Jean-Yves和参加一个关于危险性、不确定性、和决定的研讨会的出席者的讨论。
LAFORIA,大学巴黎Ⅰ和VI,法国,1996.21. INTRODUCTIONThis paper proposes a new updating method for nonexpected utility, called strategicupdating. Strategic updating follows the dynamic decision principles of resolute choice advocated by McClennen (1988, 1990) and Machina (1989, 1991), in particular it preserves dynamic consistency. It deviates, however, from the method of resolute updating generally adopted in the literature and called committed updating in this paper. Under committed updating, a fixed choice is assumed at counterfactual decision nodes, so that there is nomore counterfactual decision to be taken. Under strategic updating, not only counterfactual outcomes, but also counterfactual decisions remain relevant.Let me emphasize that strategic updating does not induce new preference behavior,different from resolute choice. The main result of this paper, Theorem 5.1, shows that resolute choice maximizes the strategically updated functional at every decision node ofevery tree. That is, strategic updating is fully in line with resolute choice. The claim of this paper is therefore that the natural way for updating resolute choice is strategic, and not Committed.1。
介绍本文提出了一种应对不可预期的效用的更新方法,称为战略更新。
战略更新的动态决策原则,遵循McClennen倡导(1988、1990、)和净化(1989—1991),果断的选择它尤其保护动态的一致性。
然而它背离从果断的更新方法一般在文学中使用在本文中称为承诺更新。
在承诺更新下,一个固定的选择被假定为反事实决策的准则,因此不存在采取更多的反事实的决策。
在战略更新下不仅反事实结果而且反事实的决定仍然是相关的。
让我强调战略更新不会引发新的偏好行为,不同于果断抉择。
本论文的主要成果,定理5.1,显示果断选择最大化战略更新功能在每一个决策节点的每棵树。
即战略更新完全符合果断的选择。
这篇论文的声明因此是更新果断选择是一种自然的方式战略的反攻不是忠心承诺。
If strategic updating is considered undesirable, I hope the reader will not hold that againstthe analysis of this paper, but will instead question the premise of the analysis, beingresolute choice. In that case, this paper can be interpreted as a negative result for resolute choice. I hope that this paper, even if interpreted as a criticism of resolute choice, nevertheless contributes to our understanding of dynamic consistency in nonexpected utility.The outline of the paper is as follows.如果战略更新被认为是不良的,我希望读者不会要反对本文的分析,而是质疑果断决策分析的的前提存在在这种情况下,论文可以解释为阴性结果为果断选择。
我希望这篇论文即使编译成一个批评果断抉择,不过有助于我们了解在不可预期效用下的动态的一致性。
在这篇文章的提纲如下。
Section 2 summarizes the difficulties in applying nonexpected utility to dynamic choice and updating.第二部分总结了针对动态选择和更新在不可预期效用下应用的困难。
Section 3 defines resolute choice,第三节定义了果断抉择,committed updating, and strategic updating. In the next section, Example 4.1 repeates principles of revealed preference, in particular "menu independence" (every choice optionhas an intrinsic value, independent of competing options). That principle underlies theconcept of utility, and has been generally accepted in preference theories such as consumer demand theory. Example 4.2 is a special case of Example 4.1. It applies the revealed3 preference principles to updating under resolute choice.承诺更新、战略更新。