B7U1Grammar非谓语动词to do
Book 7 Unit1 Grammar (动词不定式)
Book 7 Unit 1 Grammar 动词不定式语法要点1.动词不定式用法框架①动词不定式的时态和语态 ②动词不定式句子成分用法 ③动词不定式的省略 ④动词不定式否定形式 ⑤动词不定式的疑问词+动词不定式 ⑥动词不定式的特殊用法 ⑦动词不定式的高考考点 2.补充要点 (1)基本形式（2）动词不定式的需特别注意的用法① 动词作表语，与其逻辑主语有被动关系，动词不定式用被动式。
The problems remain to be unsettled. ② 作宾语1）在下列动词后，常用动词不定式作宾语：want,need,offer,hope,wish,expect,like,hate,try,manage,forget,remember,intend,plan,pretend,prefer, agree, refuse, learn 等。
2）在复合结构中，可用it 作形式宾语，而真正宾语放在后面。
I feel it my duty to help others. ③作定语1）动词不定式作定语，如果与其前面修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系，而动词是vi.，前面所修饰的名词为地点、工具等，则vi.后要+介词。
Pass me a piece of paper to write on.2)如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语，即动词不定式中的动词是句子主语做的，动词不定式用主动形式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，即动词不定式中的动词不是句子主语做的，动词不定式用主动形式，则动词不定式用被动形式。
Attention, please! I have something to say.---I am going to Beijing. Do you have anything to be taken to your aunt? ---Thanks. I have some taken last week ④作状语作结果状语，表示出人意料或不太好的结果，前面常加only 表示强调;而现在分词（doing) 表示自然产生的结果。
非谓语动词todo的用法小结
非谓语动词todo的用法小结非谓语动词不定式（to do）的用法小结I．不定式的语法意义1.不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。
2.没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但有时态和语态的变化。
3.仍保留动词的特征，即可有自己的宾语和状语，和他们一起构成不定式短语。
II. 不定式的否定式not to doIII.不定式的时态和语态1.一般式（to do/to be done）表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。
2.完成式（to have done/to have been done）表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。
3.进行式（to be doing）表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。
4.完成进行式（to have been doing）表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，也可能会持续下去。
IV．不定式的功能1.作主语：（1）to do可直接作主语，表示特指一个具体动作。
eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous.To study English well isn’teasy.(2) 用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。
常见的有6种。
It is +adj+ to do sth.eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers.It is +adj+for sb to do sth.eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of goodIt is +adj+of sb to do sth.eg. It is silly of you to believe him.= You are silly to believe him.It is +noun+to do sth.eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things.It+动词（+宾语）+ to do sth.eg.It took me a year to finish writing thebook.It is+介词短语+to do sth.eg.It is beyond my power to answer this question.2.作表语：to do作表语很普遍，多数情况下可换作主语eg.Her job is to teach us maths.To teach us maths is her job.3.作宾语：to do作宾语直接跟在vt 动词后面。
非谓语动词 之动词不定式(to do)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
1.“to do”动词不定式的变形2.动词不定式的用法（1）充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语）To swim here is dangerous. =It is dangerous to swim here.To pass this English exam is unlikely. =（2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语）My job is to help with your English learning.To help with your English learning is my job.（3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语）I decided to attend this meeting last night.I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。
decide, determine, learn, wish, hopeagree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, failprepare, try, manage, help, promiseoffer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed（4）充当宾语补足语I persuaded him to make a speech in public.注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make,have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”）I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程）但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。
非谓语 to do
•不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而 且放在其他后置定语之后。
1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系： (1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。
6.—The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot ______. A.turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
7.---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers. A.to solving, making B. to solving, made C. to solve, making D. to solve, made 8. ---What do you think of the school? ----It is a very good _____. A.school to study in B. school for children to study C. studying school D. school to study
B7U1 GRAMMAR
不定式用法难点： 1.时态问题： to be doing, to have done, to have been doing 2.语态：语感 3.复合结构：It is +adj+ for/of sb to do sth(根据 adj的性质) 外在特征、性质——for 内在特征、性质，表称赞或责备——of: 4.疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what + to do 5.固定句型 why not do sth?“为什么不?” 6.Sb have sth to do/to be done(关键看是自己做还 是让别人做)
practice
1.She reached the top of the hill and stopped ______ on a big rock by the side of the path. C A.to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest A 2.We‟re planning _____ a party next week. A.to have B. have C. having D. had 3. ---Which do you prefer ____ B your weekends, fishing or watching TV? ----Neither. Spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend
★ Vt+ sb +do sth 此类动词有: “一感二听三让四看” 一感:feel 二听:hear听见 listen to聆听 三让:make使 let让 have让(使役动词) 四看:see watch notice observe 感官动词被动句要还原to
非谓语动词-to do
4.保留to省略不定式的具体内容。在一定的上下文 中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常 保留不定式符号to ----Would you like to go there with me？ ------I would like to，but I am too busy. ----Can you look after my baby when I am away？ ----I am glad to.
注意：如果不定式的具体内容是to be，to have时， 则不可以省略. He is not what he used to be. --- Did you finish the work ？ --- No, but I hoped to have.
5. 不定式主动表被动
（1）不定式做后置定语，和被修饰的名词或代 词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但又和该句主语构成 逻辑上的主谓关系时。
－The last one_________pays the meal．
－Agreed!
A．arrived B．arrives C．to arrive D．arriving
（2004上海春）
I'm going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do
you have anything ________ ?
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle We are not such fools as to believe him. 2. enough to do
He didn‘t run fast enough to catch the train. 3. only to do表示出人意料的结果
非谓语to do
（一）非谓语动词概述动词在句中除充当谓语外，还可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用。
在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。
这就是动词的非谓语形式。
当句中需要用某种动作作主语、宾语或作某种修饰、说明的成分时，就要用这种形式。
动词非谓语形式有三种：动词不定式to do，分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）和动名词doing，动词非谓语形式仍具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语、状语等构成短语。
（二）动词不定式动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词作用，充当谓语以外的各种成分。
1. 作主语：不定式可以直接放在句首做一句话的主语, it 做形式主语，to do 后置。
To learn English is not an easy thing . It is important to protect our environment .2. 作宾语：接to do作宾语的动词：want decide/determine agree would like hope wish like hate prefercontinue paln attempt promise intend afford offer fail refuse agree...He wants to visit Nanjing . Mary decided to go alone .3.作宾语补足语：1) want , would like , wish , ask , tell , expect advise allow ...sb+to doI’d like you to help me with my English exercises.2)“使役动词”：let , have , make&感官动词hear / see / notice /notice/observe / feel…+宾语+do(感官动词还可以加doing作宾语补足语)The landlord made my grandfather work in the field all day(改成被动句）.I often hear her sing. & I heard her singing when I passed by room this morning.3）think consider believe find imagine...sb +(to be)+n/adj.I thought her(to be) nice and honest the first time I saw her.When she woke up, she found herself (to be)badly injured.4). Think consider find it(形式宾语）+adj+to doI find it easy to get along with him. I think it important to learn English well.4. 作表语：如：The young man seems to be a college graduate . To see is to believe . 百闻不如一见。
非谓语动词——to do ppt
freely. 3. He was so frightened that he could hardly say anything. He was______ frightened _______say anything. He was ______ brave ______ ______say anything. 4. ______(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her. 5. He hurried to the station only _____( find ) the train left.
8.with/without + 名词 + 不定式结构
"with/without + 名词 + 不定式“结构在句子中通常起状语的 作用。
With so much work to do, I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.
With him to stay in the house, I feel quite safe. Without anything to eat, he died of hunger.
比较
It is good of you to help me with my English. (强调you的特征=You are good to help me.) It is good for you to பைடு நூலகம்ive up smoking. (强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.)
Grammar：非谓语动词系列动词不定式具体用法
② 使役动词: make, let, have+ 宾语 +do
③ 感官动词 + 宾语 +do
五看: see, watch, notice, observe, look at 二听: listen to, hear 一感觉: feel
We watched the boys play football. It was raining heavily outside. The
2)宾语
I need to sleep for eight hours every day.
Amy wants to know more about the film.
*只能接to do作宾语的动词: agree, pretend, hope, manage,
offer, plan, decide , refuse, afford(承担得起)
father made _t_h_e_c_h_ild_r_e_n_s_t_a_y____ (让孩子们呆在房间里）in the room.
Tip:
• hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, notice, make, have等在被动 语态中，不定式作宾语补足语必须加 上to; let不能用于被动语态。如：
It is right for rich people to help poor people.
但如果表语是kind, nice, clever, wise, foolish, careless 等描述动作执行者的性 格品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加一个 of引导的短语,而不用for, 句型结构为: It is +形容词+ of sb. + 不定式短语。
非谓语之to do
do sth 看见某人做了某事 (主动,完成) doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(主动,进行) done 看见某人/物被 (被动,完成) 注: see sb. do sth sb. is seen to do sth.
规则: 主动无to, 被动加to, 构成这样结构的有”五看三使两听一感觉”
3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that 引 导的宾语从句。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
B I would love _____to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET97)
A. to go C. going B. to have gone D. having gone
要点二:动词+疑问词+to do
A next week is sure to be a great success. The meeting _______ A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place
要点二:常见搭配
It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.
It was careless of her to make such a mistake.
非谓语动词之to do 复习(珍藏版)
6.do to 矛盾词： but, except, besides
7. prefer to do rather than do；would rather do than do
8.短语：精to品PtePTll you the truth, be to blame 等
能力提升：
It’s my pleasure to tell (tell) you a story about a tiger. It was the first tiger to be chosen (choose) as the King of the animals. One day, there was another tiger appeared and demanded to become (become) the King. However, the two tigers decided to fight (fight) for honor. During the battle, one pretended to have been killed (kill) and lay on the ground without breath. Out of curiosity, the other came up to it only to find (find) the truth, and was killed at last. To tell you the truth, I was made to make (make) up the story .
5. I don’t know what to do (do).
非谓语动词 之动词不定式(to do)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
1.“to do”动词不定式的变形2.动词不定式的用法（1）充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语）To swim here is dangerous. =It is dangerous to swim here.To pass this English exam is unlikely. =（2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语）My job is to help with your English learning.To help with your English learning is my job.（3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语）I decided to attend this meeting last night.I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。
decide, determine, learn, wish, hopeagree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, failprepare, try, manage, help, promiseoffer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed（4）充当宾语补足语I persuaded him to make a speech in public.注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make,have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”）I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程）但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。
选修7 Unit 1 Living well grammar 语法不定式
• 10.I have one or two things _to__s_e_e_to__(see to). • 11.She did nothing but _t_a_k_e____(take) walk in the street. • 12.It is a problem that doesn’t need __to__b_e_s_o_lv_e_d______( solve)
is so good t_o_b_r_e_a_th_e___( breathe).
2. I feel greatly honored__t_o_b_e__w_e_lc_o_m__e_d_ ( welcome) into their society 3.The meeting _to__t_a_ke__p_la_c_e____(take place) next week is sure to be a great success.
2. 作表语：说明主语的具体内容，其主语常是： wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job, dream等名词，
• His job is to protect the world.
• Your task is _____________(learn) English .
意义
一般时
to do
to be done
表示动作与谓语动作同时 发生或发生在谓语动作之
后
完成时 to have done to have 表示动作发生在谓语动作
been done
之前
进行时 to be doing
表示谓语动作发生时，不定 －
式的动作正在进行
(1) They pretended not toቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱsee us. (一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发 生在它之后。)
初二非谓语动词--to do
Part two:非谓语动词（初二版）--动词不定式to do一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式to+动词原形，有时可以不用to。
这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义。
动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to)+动词原形。
不定式具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称和数的变化。
1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形主主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其机构为：It + be + adj.+ (for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.学好英语是有用的。
It’s important for us to protect the environment.对我们来说，保护环境很重要。
注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用of。
It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。
2.不定式做宾语①一些谓语动词后面只能用动词不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like ,want, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看电影么？②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
***I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语是一件很容易的事。
③常见的一些不带to的不定式：Why not do…,had better(not) do…,wouldrather do, could/would/will you please(not do)…I would rather stay at home.我宁愿呆在家里。
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personal stories. 遇序数词/极端修饰词时 定语 ✓ He was the first/best/only man to do the job.
✓ I have something to say. I have a meeting to attend.
✓
He
遇不定代词时
used dictations
5 提醒某人做某事 _r_e_m__i_n_d_____ sb. to do sth.
6 鼓励某人做某事 _e_n_c_o_u__r_a_g_e__ sb. to do sth.
7 激励某人做某事 _i_n_s_p_i_r_e_ sb. to do sth.
8 敦促某人做某事 _u_r_g__e___ sb. to do sth.
The Infinitive
B7U1 Grammar
TO DO 复习
01. 基本形式/意义 02. 重点积累/注意什么 03. 理解各种变式
✓ 基本形式：to do ✓ “去做”
目的/将来 ✓ 否定：not to do
做个明白人
成分
相对位置
词类特征 to do
主语
____+ v.
n.
√
宾语 v./prep. + ____
不定式做宾补省略to的动词
一感二听三使五看 一句话：吾看三室两厅一感觉。
feel listen to/ hear make/let/have notice/see/look at/observe/watch sb do(全程) sb be seen... to do (被动时还原to)
PART FOUR
其他非谓时态语态逻辑？(不考这么复杂，但你要看得懂)
being done having done having been done
Friday.
非谓不负责整个句子时态！非谓的时态强调是动作是先于/同步/后于谓语发生。 先确定基本形式，再确定时态/语态形式。
4处to have done , 1处to do. 哪一处？
Jo: Oh! Am I late? I'm sorry ①____(keep) you waiting. Sue: No, you're fine. Jo: Thank you. The trouble is I can't find my shopping list. Sue: Oh dear! Where on earth could you have put it? Jo: Well, it isn't in my bag. I might have left it on the kitchen table. I seem ②______(forget) so many things now that Christmas is here. Sue: I quite understand. So many presents ③____(buy)! Jo: True. I was supposed ④____(finish) all my shopping by now but... Sue: Never mind. Nobody is said ⑤_____(finish) till there's no more left to buy! Jo: Quite right. Oh look, here's my list - in my pocket! Sue: Let's get to work then!
it做形式宾语的句型: v+it+n./adj.+to do
宾语
✓ Does this ability make it difficult for them to do...? ✓ try to overcome the difficulties; He hopes to
become a teacher. 积累 v.+ to do
PART
TWO
只加to do做宾语的动词
常用
准备 决定 要求 希望 提出 计划 设法 学会 不能 选择 只好乞求 拒绝 答应 假装 同意
➢ prepare/decide;determine/ask; demand; request / desire; expect; hope;wish
➢ offer/plan;intend/manage/learn/
fail/choose
➢ beg/refuse/promise/pretend/agree
to do / doing意思不同
1. I regret_t_o__~__(tell) you that Mr. Brown has already left using the back exit which leads straight to the car park. 对接下来的事很遗憾 2. It cost me a great deal, but I don't regret _______(spend) a year travelling around the world. 3. Remember __to__~__(make) those door open outwards so that they would be suiltable for disabled people. 记得去做 4. I remember _______(press) the button to turn on the machine before I left, but it's off now. 5. My new job will mean ________(travel) around the world. 6. I didn't mean __to__~___(upset) you. 打算/意图去做
✓ My ambition is to become an actor.
表语
主语常是含有wish/idea/task/purpose/duty之类表示意向，
打算，职责的词。
见微知著
✓
积累+to do做后置定语的抽象名词
It gives people with a disability a chance to tell their
n.
√
表语 系v. + ____
n./adj.
√
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
定语 n.+___ 或 ___+n. adj.
√
状语
s+v, ____ 或 ____, s+v
adv.
√
宾补 v./prep.+ n.+____ n./adj./adv. √
常是使动词 主谓关系 如 I had my hair cut. 表达句意不可或缺
16 警告某人做某事 _w_a_r_n__ sb. to do sth.
汉语意思
英文搭配
17 允许某人做某事 _a_ll_o_w_/_p_e_r_m_i_t_ sb. to do sth.
18 禁止某人做某事 for_b_i_d_/_p_r_o_h_i_b_it_ sb. to do sth.
19 希望某人做某w事ish /d_e_s_ir_e_/_e_x_p_e_c_t_ sb. to do sth. 20 想要某人做某事 wo_u_l_d_l_ik_e_/_w_a_n_t_ sb. to do sth. 21 等某人做某事 _w_a_i_t_f_o_r__ sb. to do sth. 22 号召某人做某事 _c_a_ll_o_n___ sb. to do sth.
not strong enough to join ... 结果
✓ Who told you to wait here? 积累 + to do做宾补的动词 宾补 ✓ I saw him enter the room.
He was seen to enter the room.
复习宾补省略to，被动又还原动词
12 指派某人做某事 _a_p_p_o_in_t__ sb. to do sth.
13 导致某人做某事 _ca_u__se___ sb. to do sth.
14 强迫某人做某事 _fo_r_c_e__ sb. to do sth.
15 答应某人做某事 _p_ro_m__i_se__ sb. to do sth.
目的
to give
answers
to
a
表将来时
machine.
状语 ✓ She is proud to have taken part in competitions. 原因 ✓ The box is easy to carry. be+性质adj.+to do 句型(主动表被动)
✓ She is too weak to join us in the outing.
✓ He pretended to be reading when his mother came into his room.
后
to do
被动 to be done
✓ Please remember to take the present. ✓ I will attend the party to be held next
PART THREE
只加to do做宾补的动词
汉语意思
英文搭配
1 请求某人做某事 _a_s_k____ sb. to do sth.
2 恳求某人做某事 _b_e_g____ sb. to do sth.
3 邀请某人干某事 _i_n_v_i_t_e___ sb. to do sth.
4 叫某人做某事 _t_e_l_l __ sb. to do sth.