跨文化交际翻译

fully by letter, telephone, fax or e-mail in such cultures. It is not necessary to meet face-to-face with a colleague to get things done.

完全在这种文化的信函，电话，传真或电子邮件。满足面对面与同事把事情做好是没有必要的。

High-context cultures are the exact opposite. Communication tends to be imprecise and as much attention is paid to the person delivering the message as to the message itself. In high-context cultures---most of Latin America, Asia, the Middle East and Africa---personal encounters are essential before business can begin.

高语境文化是完全相反的。沟通往往是不精确的，对提供消息的人比对消息本身关注的更多。高语境文化中---大多数拉丁美洲，亚洲，中东和非洲---个人遭遇实在业务开始之前必不可少的。

These people need as much ancillary information as possible. They pay more attention to physical surroundings, how a business colleague is dressed or coiffured---the general ambiance of the negotiations---than individuals from low-context countries. Body language, facial gestures and voice inflection are important methods of communication. The physical surroundings for a meeting or a business meal are just as important as the substance of the discussion.

这些人需要尽可能多的辅助信息。从低语境国家来说他们谈判的一般氛围比起个人更注重物理环境，企业如何，同事穿着或发型。肢体语言，脸部表情和语音拐点是沟通的重要方法。会议或商务用餐的物理环境同讨论的内容一样重要。

CULTURE CAUTION：Low-context business cultures tend to have strong legal frameworks for commercial transactions and rarely on personal interaction as the driving force behind a business deal. Legally binding contracts make for a more efficient use of time and an increase in the potential number of deals that can be transacted.

文化警告：低语境业务往往有强大的商业交易的法律框架，很少依靠个人互动来促成一笔生意。具有法律约束力的合同更有效地利用了时间以及促进了潜在可以成交的交易数量的增加。

Relationship-Driven versus Task-Driven

This classification deals morewith the business culture within a society but it does have application to societies as a whole. Cultures,especially in reference to business dealings，are either relationship-driven——which，under Hofstede’s theory，would be classified as a feminine culture——or task-driven，yhe masculine side of Hofstede’s theory. Knowing which side of the fence your potential business partner sits on will allow you to prioritize your presentation and give you a fair estimate of the time frame need for closing a poteneial deal.

这种分类处理更多的体现在同一个社会的企业文化中，但并不适合整个社会。文化，尤其是在业务往来上，要么是关系驱动——根据霍夫斯泰德的理论，将被列为女性文化——要么是任务驱动，则体现了男性文化。你要知道你的潜在的商业伙伴是在哪一边的，这将会优

先给你提供一个公平公正的潜在交易关闭的时间的框架。

Task-driven cultures are usually low-context culture, while relationship-driven cultures are high-context ones. When giving a presentation to an individual from a task-driven culture, the main concerns will be price, quality and guarantees associated with a product or service.A sale can be closed on the first meeting.

任务驱动文化经常是低语境的文化，关系驱动文化则是高语境的，当在任务驱动文化下给予一礼物，这要关系到钱，质量，和保证以及相关的产品服务。销售将在第一个次的会议中结束。

when presenting to people from a relationship-driven culture,you are doomed to failure unless you have established a personal relationships.The product could be the greatest thing since the invention of the wheel but until you are trusted,they won't want to hear about what you have to sell until you have sold yourself.

当涉及到人与人之间的关系驱动文化时，除非你建立起各人之间的关系，否则你就有可能失败。如果你相信，这会是从车轮发明以来最重要的事情，它们不会听你想什么直到你完全售出自己。

Conversely，attempting to rely solely on friendship in a task-driven society is of minimal use. While your friendship will not be rebuffed, your presentation and deal structure had better be organized and to the point.

相反地，在这个任务驱动的社会中试图仅依靠友谊是没什么用的，虽然你的友谊不会被拒绝，但你的表现和交易结构最好能够组织起来并且恰到好处。

Every culture has an internal clock. For some it ticks loudly, urging action. For others, it ticks softly, being more a stage for performance than a motivator. Some people simple move through time; they are not controlled by it. How a culture views time and time horizons is critical in how business relationships are formed and contracts negotiated.

每种文化都有一个内部时钟。对于一些时候发出很响的滴答声，这是敦促采取行动的。而其他时候它轻轻的滴答声，与其说是一种动力更多的是一个可以表演的舞台。有些人简单通过时间移动，他们不受它控制。如何看待一种文化时间和时间范围是业务关系形成和合同的谈判的关键。