雅思539阅读考点词
雅思真题高频词汇 阅读
axhere to v.遵守aptitude n．倾向，才能attire n.服装，衣着candidate n．候选人，投考者category n．种类，类别confirm vt.证实，进一步确定depressed adj.沮丧的，消沉的enhance vt.提高，增大，增强enthusiastic a．热情的fulfill v．完成，实现gaze v．凝视，盯gesture n. 姿势impression n．印象insight n．洞察力，深入了解jobseeker n．求职者offend v.冒犯oPtion n．选择overall a．总的，全面的percePtion n．理解，感觉Posture n．姿势，姿态potential n．潜能，可能性recruitment n．招收t招聘（动词形式：recruit) reference n．推荐信，介绍信rehearse vt.排练，排演，练习（名词形式：rehearsal）Resume n.（求职者写的）简历，履历sector n.部门shoW up v．显示upbeat a. 乐观的，活泼的，生机勃勃的show up v.显示uPbeat 乐观的，活泼的，生机勃勃的billboard n．（户外）广告牌，告示牌complicit a．有同谋关系的，串通一气的conscience n.良心，道德心death penalty 死刑enlist vt.谋取……的赞助（或支持）利用executive a．执行的；行政的fraudulently ad.欺骗性地，骗人地journalism n．新闻业，新闻工作outlet n．（商品的）销路，市场，商店Pornography n．色情动作表现，色情描写scandal n.丑闻，丑事Strategic a．战略的advocacy n．拥护，提倡；辩护attenuate vt.削弱bias n.偏见，偏袒，偏爱contemporary a．当代的，同时代的contradictory a．反对的，矛盾的critique n．评论diversity n．多样性femininity n．女子气质，阴柔gender n．（生理上的）性inequality n．不平等，不均等marginalize vt.使处于社会边缘，排斥masculine a．男性的，男子气概的mediate vt.居中，产物，作品monolithic a．单一的PersPective n．观点，看法privilege n．特权，特别待遇redress vt.纠正，矫正stereotype vt.使成为陈规，使成为老一套subordinate a．次要的，从属的，下级的traditionally ad.传统地月俗地verbal 口头的abuse n．辱骂，虐待amend vt.修正，改进anti- sociala 反社会的，有害于公众利益的assumption n．假定，设想be exposed to 易受……攻击，无……保护bully vt.欺负人，横行霸道convict vt. 经审讯）证明…··有罪，宣判……有罪criminologist n.犯罪学者，刑事学家delinquency n.违法行为，不良行为gesture n．手势，姿态humiliation n．耻辱，屈辱illustrate vt.阐明，举例说明initiative n．倡议，主动的行动oppression n．压迫，镇压physical a．身体的pilferege n．行窃，小偷小摸prevalent a．流行的，普遍的principal n.（中学）校长routine n．常规，例行公事rumour n．谣言，传闻self-esteem n．自尊（心）Stable n.稳定的supervisory a．监督的，管理的truanCy n．逃学，旷课；逃避责任underestimate vt.低估，看低vandalism n．故意毁坏文物的行为，破坏他人（或公共）财产的行为yerbal a．口头的compress vt.压缩，用压力使更紧密decibel n．分贝（声强单位）disorder n．（身心机能的）失调，小病earplug n.（防水、隔音、挡尘等用的）耳塞impairment n．损害，损伤misleading a. 易于误导的，令人误解的nutrition n．营养(学)overwhelm vt．制服，压倒prolong vt. 延长，拖延retardation n．智力迟钝，阻滞saw n．锯siren n．警报器，汽笛surgery n．外科，手术violation n．违犯，违反…．·，的实例account for 导致，引起，构成决定性的或主要的因素barrier n．障碍beneficial a．有益的，有用的carry out v．完成，实现，贯彻，执行convenient a．便利的，方便的curricula n．课程determinant a．决定性的diversified a．多变化的，各种的donor n．捐赠者；赠与者dropout n．退学学生，中途退学，辍学学生effectiveness n．有效，效力equip vt.装备，配备exposure n．暴露germ n．病菌，细菌，微生物hence ad．因此，从此illiterate a．不识字的，文盲的implement vt．实现；履行mortality n.死亡人数，死亡率pregnancy n．怀孕；怀孕期pdmary~hool 小学protection n．保护substantial a．充实的，丰富的，实质上的，大体上的substitute n．代用品，代替者，替代品survey n．调查，概观symptom n．[医)[植]症状，征兆apparent a．明显的，显而易见的，明白的approach n．方法，步骤，途径automatic a．自动的，无意识的，机械的comeupwith 提出，想出complementary a．互补的；补足的concentrate vt．集中，使……集中于一点concentration n．集中，集合，专心constantly ad．经常地，不断地display n．显示，显示器distracted a．分神的，心烦意乱的dose n．一次服的药量，剂量engaging a．有吸引力的，动人的，有魅力的hyperactivity n.过度兴奋，活动过强，活动过度，极度活跃 manual a．手的，手工的，用手操作的medium n．媒体，方法，媒介modulate w．调整，调节，(信号)调制nutrition n.营养，营养的供给option n．选项，选择权，选择；供选择的事物pilot n．飞行员，飞机驾驶员prolonged a．延长的，拖延的range v．在……范围内变动，在某一特定的范围内变化ratio 比，比率routine n．例行公事，常规session n．(从事某一活动的)一段时间simulator n．模拟器steering n．掌舵，驾驶，操纵，控制stimulant n．刺激物；兴奋剂strategy n．策略，计谋，智谋，手腕therapy n．治疗allocate vt．分派，分配altemate v．交替，轮流，改变anticipated 预先的；预期的assess 估计，估算birthrate n．出生率clerical a．文书的，书记的cognitive a.认知的，认识的consistent a．一致的，调和的，坚固的counseling (对个人、社会以及心理等问题的)咨询服务craft n．工艺，手艺disengagement n．解开，脱离efficiency a．效率，功效engaged a．忙碌的’entrant n．进入者，新到者，新工作者evident a.明显的，显然的fulfill vt．履行，实现，完成(计划等)incentive n．刺激，鼓励，动机initial a．开始的，最初的interpersonal a．人与人之间的．knowledgeable a．知识渊博的，有见识的negative a．否定的，消极的，负的occupational a．职业的，工作的output n．产量，输出，输出量peak a．最高的permanent a．永久的，持久的previous a．在前的，早先的productivity n.生产力；生产率recruit vt．使恢复，补充，征募reenter n．再次进来，再次进入retain vt．保持，保留retraining n．再训练reveal vt．展现，显示，揭示，暴露skilled a．有技能的，有技巧的，熟练的slight a．轻微的，微小的spouse n．配偶(指夫或妻)structure vt．组织summanze v．概述，总结transition n．转变；变化；过渡；变迁comprehensive a．全面的；广泛的；包含内容多的；详尽的edible a．可食用的fiexibility n．弹性，适应性，机动性flourish vi．繁荣，茂盛footwear n．鞋类(鞋、靴、拖鞋等)igloo n．(因纽特人的)圆顶冰屋inapinch 在紧要关头，必要时influx 汇集；流动；流人initiate vt．开始，发动，传授inuit a．因纽特人的 n．因纽特人ivory n．象牙landscape n．风景，地形，前景living off 以……为生，以……为食modify vt.更改，修改musk n．麝香鹿permafrost n．冰冻层renowned adj．有名的，有声誉的seaweed n．海草，海藻severe a．严厉的，剧烈的，严重的，严峻的shelter n．避难所；庇护物，遮蔽物；庇护所slump vi.猛烈掉(落)下；陷入；掉人soapstone n．皂石subsistence n．生存，生活supplement n．补充temporary a．暂时的，临时的，临时性thaw n．解冻，解冻期；解冰期；融雪期trapper n．设阱捕兽者，诱捕野生动物的人unpredictable a．不可预测的，不能预见的vanability n．易变；变化性worked a．处理过的access n．通路，入门Africa n．非洲alternative n．二中择一，可供选择的办法、事物approach n．方法，步骤，途径，通路catering n．公共饮食业；给养coordinator n．协调者creditor n．债主；债权人destination n．目的地；终点footbddge n. 人行桥harsh a．残酷的，无情的healthcare n.保健infrastructure n．基本设施integrated a.完整的，完全的，综合的livestock n．家畜，牲畜middleman n．中间人modest a．适度的，适中的nomadic a．游牧的obtain vt．获得，得到overlook vt．没注意到，忽视prototype n．原型relative 相对的，比较的retail price 零售价revert vi.(与to连用)恢复原状rigorous a．严格的，严厉的Sahara n．撒哈拉沙漠(非洲北部大沙漠) Senegal n．[国名]塞内加尔(亩非国家) Tanzania n．[国名]坦桑尼亚(东非国家) telling a．有效的，明显的，生动的the majority of 多数，大半vehicle n．交通工具，车辆Zambia n．[国名]赞比亚(位于非洲) according to 按照；根据……所说adolescent a．青春期的，青春的aerobics n．增氧健身法along with 与……一道alternative n．可供选择的办法，事物assess vt.估定，评定bdskly ad．活泼地，精神勃勃地bully vt.威吓；欺侮；以强凌弱burn off 渐渐烧完cancer n．癌，毒瘤chart n．图表complication n.[小医]并发症crucial a．极重要的；有决定性的deposit n．贮存，沉淀detect vt．发现；察觉；注意到dietary a．饭食的disorder n．(身心机能的)失调，小病excess a．过度的，额外的gym n．体育馆highlight vL使显著，突出hip n．臀hocky n．曲棍球in the case of 就……来说，关于。
考点词538
雅思阅读考点词库
—引用于刘洪波《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》
538个雅思阅读考点词，分成了3类，进行了重要性排序。
如果考生熟知，对应
雅思阅读7分以上能力。
第1类考点词
共20+34=54个
定义：雅思阅读文章中只要出现该次词，90％会被命题考查！不同的真题中被反复考查多次，超高频考点词！
背记：考生请严格按下表中重要性排行顺序记忆20个考点词。
第一个背的阅读单词是resemble而不是abandon,它在《剑桥雅思9》和《剑桥雅思10》
中多次考到。
请同记忆下表真题命题方式中相对于的34个同义替换考点
词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表
达。
要求：滚瓜烂熟
第二类考点词
共100+71=171个（注：这类词中考点词与近义词有重复，故实际为171个考点词。
）
定义：雅思阅读文章中只要出现该词，60％会被命题考查！不同的真题中被考查过一次以上重要考点词！
背记：考生请按下表中重要性排行顺序记忆100个考点词; 同时记忆真题命题方式中相对于的71个同意替换考点词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定
查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：熟记10遍以上。
第3类考点词(共256+57=313个)
定义：雅思阅读真题文章中被考查过的单词，它们都是雅思阅读考点词。
背记：这256个单词的重要性一致，因此没有按照重要性排序；同时记忆真题命题方式中相对应的57个同义替换考点词（彩色单词）。
不熟的单词请一定要查出标注，同时建议思考相关反义词表达。
要求：熟记5遍以上。
(完整版)雅思阅读词汇
高频词汇Monday合理的adj. 1. fair 1. tariff 关税收费表n.竞争对手n. 2. rival 2. well-being 健康状况n.营养的adj. 3. nutritional 3. negative 消极的负极adj.合作者v.n. 4. collaborate 4. territory 领土版图n.肌肉n. 5. muscle 5. ancestral 祖先的adj.长途汽车，教练n. 6. coach 6. obesity 肥胖症n.监视器班长n.v. 7. monitor 7. diabetes 糖尿病n.竞争n. 8. competition 8. mystery 迷n.专门知识或者技能n. 9. expertise 9. tremendous 巨大的adj.复制，繁殖v. 10. reproduce 10. appreciate 欣赏，赞赏，重视v. 障碍n. 11. obstacle 11. sustenance 食物，养料n.机会范围n. 12. scope 12. respective 各自的adj.计算算出v. 13. calculate 13. adopt 收养，采用混合物复合物n.v. 14. compound 14. democratic 民主的adj.爆炸n. 15. explosion 15. congestion 拥堵堵车n.商业n. 16. commerce 16. convert 转变v.栅栏，关口，障碍n. 17. barrier 17. proposal 提案建议求婚n.商品n. 18. commodity 18. grey 灰色n.adj.不成比例地adv. 19. disproportionately 19. accelerate 加速v.货物货运n.v. 20. freight 20. downside 下降趋势的adj.国内的内部的adj. 21. domestic 21. burden 重担负担n.创新改革n. 22. innovation 22. deteriorate 变坏恶化v.变弱v. 23. weaken 23. diversity 多样化，分歧n.保证v.n. 24. guarantee 24. sequence 连续，顺序n.组成部分n.adj. 25. component 25. fulfill 履行，实现v.Tuesday照片n. 1. photograph 1. chronic 长期的，慢性的adj. 想象力n. 2. imagination 2. representative 典型的代表n.adj.非凡的adj. 3. extraordinary 3. pharmaceutical 制药的adj.有活力的adj. 4. dynamic 4. attendance 出席参加n.讲台，月台n. 5. platform 5. ethical 道德的，伦理的adj. 叙述讲述n.adj. 6. narrative 6. boundary 边界n.露天游乐场n. 7. fairground 7. mortality 死亡率n.目标n.v. 8. target 8. illiterate 不识字的，文盲n.adj. 反馈n. 9. feedback 9. colleague 同事n.徼起诱发v. 10. motivate 10. implication 暗示，可能的影响n. 不一致adj. 11. inconsistent 11. intervention 干预，介入n.连词，结合n. 12. conjunction 12. maternal 母亲般的adj.增加加强n. 13. reinforcement 13. persistent 坚持不懈的adj.分配分发v. 14. distribute 14. bully 欺负v.n.透明的adj. 15. transparent 15. physical 身体住理的adj.晋升，提升n. 16. advancement 16. verbal 与文字相关的adj. 外部的表面的adj. 17. external 17. severity 严格，严厉，严重n. 目标，进球n. 18. goal 18. explicit 明确的，详述的adj. 卡路里n. 19. calorie 19. implement 工具实行执行n.发生率影响范围n. 20. incidence 20. substitute 代替者n.v.复制重复V. 21. replicate 21. campaign 战役，运动n.v.乐观的adj. 22. optimistic 22. permanent 永恒的adj.可能性n. 23. likelihood 23. offender 罪犯者，冒犯者n. 大量，群众n. 24. multitude 24. supervision 监督，管理n.不足的稀少的adj. 25. scarce 25. recognize 认得辨认出v.Wednesday估计v. 1. estimate 1. erode 侵蚀腐蚀v.修改v. 2. modify 2. relief 减轻（痛苦）v.策略n. 3. strategy 3. digestive 有助消化的adj占主导，占优势的adj. 4. dominant 4. maintain 维持，维修v.栖息地n. 5. habitat 5. reluctant 勉强的adj.比例n. 6. proportion 6. juvenile 年轻人n.欣赏，感激，重视v. 7. appreciate 7. permanent 永恒的永久的adj. 破坏v. 8. destruction 8. decline 减少v.大多数n. 9. majority 9. species 物种n.哺乳动物n. 10. mammal 10. approach 方法n.接近v.退化v. 11. degenerate 11. respiratory 呼吸的adj.偿还，补偿v. 12. compensate 12. reveal 揭露v.变化n. 13. variation 13. associate 把…联系v.描述，代表，阐明v. 14. represent 14. unpredictable 不可预测的adj.创始.n创始的adj. 15. initiative 15. defensive 防御的adj.看的见的adj. 16. sighted 16. physical 物理的身体的adj.危及v. 17. endanger 17. surrounding 周围的adj.多样n. 18. diversity 18. evolutionary 进化的adj.经济的adj. 19. economic 19. circumstance 情况环境n.语言学的adj. 20. linguistic 20. enterprise 工程企业n.语言学的adj. 21. bilingual 21. exploitation 剥削v.生存v. 22. survive 22. domestic 国内的内部的adj.有助于，导致23. contribute to 23. determine 决定，决心v.可替换的adj. 24. alternative 24. establish 建立v.觉醒n. 25. disillusion 25. hazard 冒险n. v.消费，花费v. 5. expend 5. generate 产生发生v.足够的适当的adj. 6. adequate 6. indispensable 必不可少，必须的adj. 营养n. 7. nutrition 7. resistance 抵抗n.起外号把…称为v. 8. dub 8. investigate 调查研究v.资源n. 9. resource 9. primarily 起初首先adv.理论的adj. 10. theoretical 10. contemporary 同时代的adj考古学n. 11. archaeology 11. weapon 武器n.珍惜v.财宝n. 12. treasure 12. constitute 构成，建立v.出土文物n. 13. excavation 13. span 跨度范围n.遗产n. 14. heritage 14. significant 重要的adj.纪律学科n. v.训练15. discipline 15. gifted 天才的adj.限制约束v. 16. restrict 16. comprehend 领会理解v.区别辨别v. 17. distinguish 17. specific 明确的，具体的adj.源于…，得到v. 18. derive 18. objectively 客观地adv.人工制品n. 19. artifact 19. comment 评论注释意见n.v.减少变小v. 20. diminish 20. obtain 获得v.减轻减少v. 21. lessen 21. minimize 最小化v.假设n. 22. hypothesis 22. emit 发出，散发v.现实的adj. 23. realistic 23. explode 使爆炸v.分派分配v. 24. allocate 24. fragment 碎片片段n.基础的adj 25. fundamental 25. declaration 宣布声称n.Friday忧虑担心n. 1. concern 1. originality 独创性创造性n.混乱紊乱n. 2. chaos 2. innovative 创新的adj.收集编辑vt. 3. compile 3. melt 溶解v.印象想法n. 4. impression 4. dub 给…起绰号，把…称为v.文学上的adj. 5. literary 5. superiority 优越性优等n.建立n. 6. establishment 6. perspective 远景前途n.分期付款n. 7. installment 7. mysterious 神秘的难以理解的adj极大地巨大的adj.8. immense 8. comedian 丑角喜剧演员n.收养v.采纳9. adopt 9. interpretation 解释口译n.稳定稳固n. 10. stability 10. principle 原则n.细微精细n. 11. subtlety 11. instinctual 本能的adj.心理学n. 12. psychology 12. cognitive 认知的认识能力的发出发射v. 13. emit 13. evidence adj.进行14. proceed 14. evaluate 证据迹象n.在..之前15. prior to 15. complicate 评估评价v.公开指责v. 16. denounce 16. ignore 使复杂化v.'氐估v. 17. underestimate 17. artificial 忽视v.悲观的adj. 18. pessimistic 18. tension 人工的adj.扩大增加v. 19. exaggerate 19. empirical 紧张n.批评n. 20. criticism 20. encyclopedias 经验主义的adj.合成的人造的adj. 21. synthetic 21. audience 百科全书n.Saturday进入n. 1. access 1. fertilizer 化肥n.机构协会n. 2. institution 2. ecology 生态n.潜力adj. 3. potential 3. agriculture 农业n.普通的adj. 4. ordinary 4. construction 建造施工建设n.戏剧性地adv. 5. dramatically 5. desert 沙漠n.抛弃v.大量的，实质的adj. 6. substantial 6. commas 逗号n.基金n. 7. funding 7. ambitious 有野心的adj.令人失望的adj. 8. disappointing 8. informative 提供知识或资料的adj. 可测量的adj. 9. measurable 9. mimic 模仿v.n.身份地位n. 10. status 10. breakthrough 冲破突破n.障碍n.v. 11. handicap 11. battlefield 战场n.了不起的非凡的adj.12. phenomenal 12. boom 增加兴隆声响n.v.使持续V. 13. perpetuate 13. definition 定义n. e毋庸置疑地adv. 14. undoubtedly 14. vulnerable 易受伤害的adj.重要的adj. 15. vital 15. terrace 梯田n.不公平，不公正n. 16. inequity 16. external 外部的adj.管理，支配v. 17. administer 17. renaissance 文艺复兴n.初级的adj. 18. elementary 18. integrate 结合使成整体v.灌溉n. 19. irrigation 19. profitable 有利可图的adj.沉积沉淀n. 20. sedimentation 20. exception 杰出的adj.最后adv. 21. eventually 21. offspring 儿女子孙后代n.积累v. 22. accumulate 22. fluctuate 波动v.干旱n. 23. drought 23. investigation 调查n.出现暴露v. 24. emerge 24. solidify 凝固v.焦湖n. 25. lagoon 25. convert 转变v.Day 1 education 教育aspect 方面community 社区、社会reflect 反映、表现attitude 态度、看法unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的belief 信仰、信念custom 风俗curriculum 课程assessment 评价、评估expectation 期待、期望behave 做出行为- 动词behavior 行为rule 准则、规章cover 覆盖、包含duty 职责、义务conduct 行为、操行virtuous 有道德的proper 适当的、有礼貌的manner 礼貌marry 结婚company 陪伴permit 允许、许可dye 染loiter 闲逛、虚度function 功能、典礼church 教堂regularly 有规律地、有规则地alcohol 酒精、酒Bible 《圣经》country school 乡村学校coal 煤bucket 桶sweep 打扫、清扫tidy 整齐的、整洁的despite 虽然、尽管stipulate 规定、保证content 内容arithmetic 算术Christianity 基督教literacy 有文化、有读写能力religious 宗教上的corporal 身体的、肉体的（同义词：stick 棍子strap 皮带naughty 调皮的、顽皮的unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的schooling 学校教育engage 从事caretaking 关心、照料Day 21. nevertheless 然而、不过2. creatively 具有创造性地3. stimulate 刺激、激励4. strict 严格的、严谨的5. protocol 草案、协议6. illegal 非法的、违法的7. hit 打、打击8. dismiss 开除、解雇9. instantly 马上、立刻(同义词：quickly, rapidly, immediately )10. secular 现世的、非宗教的11. acceptable 可以接受的、合意的12. appropriate 适当的13. sophistication 混合、混乱14. workplace 工作场所、车间15. career 职业16. expand 膨胀、发展17. challenge 挑战18. diverse 不同的19. researcher 研究者20. cleaner 清洁员21. societal 社会的22. fill 填充、填补23. smack 用掌拍打/ 击打24. silence 静、安静25. method 方法26. influence 影响27. discipline 学科、纪律28. participate 参加、参与29. achievement 成就30. similar 相似的31. lifestyle 生活方式32. ownership 所有权、拥有权physical )33. diverse 不同的(同义词：different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of )34. pupil 小学生35. consider 考虑36. length 长度37. topic 主题38. inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的39. arrangement 安排40. loose 宽松的、自由的41. cactus 仙人掌42. relate 有联系、有关系43. dry 干燥的（反义词：humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的）44. sandy 沙的、沙质的45. rocky 多岩石的46. desert 沙漠47. distance 距离48. tall 高的（反义词：short 矮的）49. across 横向的50. traditional 传统的（同义词：conventional, conservative, orthodox Day 3 hunter 猎人harsh 荒无人烟的material 材料、原料、物资possessions 财产（动词形式：possess 拥有、占有、持有）unemployment 失业poverty 贫穷、贫困alcoholism 酗酒tribe 部落、部族disappear 消失、不见lifestyle 生活方式attractive 具有吸引力的outsider 外界的人crop 农作物、庄稼originate 起源、来自（衍生词：origin 起因、原有、起源- 名词，original 始的、独创的- 形容词）staple 主要的garlic 大蒜ginger 生姜headache 头痛toothache 牙痛magnolia 玉兰类植物cancer 癌症cure 治愈disease 疾病hunger 饥饿、渴望famine 饥荒starving 饥饿（但形容饥饿的程度比较深，都快要饿死了）survive 生存、存活strength 力量、力气energy 能量、活力normal 正常的、常态的chemical 化学的；化学制品、化学药品scientist 科学家（衍生词：science 科学）discover 发现、发觉（衍生词：discovery 发现）contain 包含、包括（同义词：involve, include, consist of ）substance 物质stomach 胃、胃部brain 大脑heart 心脏lung 肺部kidney 肾full 满的（反义词：empty 空的）pharmaceutical 制药的promising 有希望的、有前途的obesity 肥胖adult 成年人estimate 估计、评估overweight 超重的obese 肥胖的simple 简单的、朴素的nourishing 有营养的Day 4最初的、原1. afford 负担、承担2. expensive 昂贵的3. fatty 富含脂肪的4. slim 苗条的、纤细的5. healthy 健康的6. descendant 子孙、后代7. ready-made 现成的、做好的8. convenient 便利的、便捷的9. taste 味道10. fat 脂肪；肥的、胖的11. salt 盐12. solution 解决办法、解决方案13. ideal 理想的14. right 权利；正确的15. secret 秘密；秘密的16. profit 利润17. herd 放牧18. cow 奶牛19. diet 食物20. majority 主要、多数（反义词：minority 少数）21. scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的22. sort 种类、类别23. compare 比较24. desire 渴望25. overcome 克服、解决26. ancient 古代的、远古的27. major 主要的28. issue 问题29. appear 出现、看来30. financial 财政的、金融的31. spread 传播、蔓延、伸展32. supply 供给、供应33. addiction 沉溺、上瘾34. widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的35. cruel 残忍的、残酷的36. unkind 不仁慈的、无情的37. alive 活着的38. prickly 多刺的39. solid 固体40. powder 粉末41. maintain 维持、继续42. drought 干旱43. tongue 舌头、说话方式44. well-known 众所周知的、有名的45. advertisement 广告（衍生词：advertise 做广告、登广告- 动词；告者、广告客户- 名词；advertising 广告业、广告- 动名词）46. main 主要的、重要的47. aim 目的、目标48. honest (反义词：dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的- 形容词）rarely 地（衍生词：rare 稀罕的、杰出的）49. puffery 鼓吹、吹捧50.worldwide 全世界的Day 51. statement （衍生词：state )2. term 学期、条款、术语3. develop 发展4. exaggerate 夸张、夸大5. claim 声称、主张6. legal 合法的（反义词：illegal 违法的、非法的- 形容词）7. prove 证明、证实8. licence 执照、许可证9. lie 说谎10. vague 含糊的、暧昧的很少地、advertiser 登广罕见11. class 把…分类、把…分等级12. option 选择（衍生词：choice ）13. expression 表达14. salesperson 售货员、销售员（同义词：seller ）15. evaluation 评价、估计（衍生词：evaluate 评价、评估- 动词）16. product 产品、产物（衍生词：produce 产物、农产品，生产、制造- 名词、动词，production 生产、产品）17. objective 客观的18. subjective 主观的19. identify 识另鉴别（衍生词：identity 身份、特性-名词，identification 辨认、鉴定，identifiable 可以识别的、可以鉴别的- 形容词，identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词）20. document 文件、文档（衍生词：documentary 文件的，纪录片- 形容词，名词）21. notion 观念、想法（衍生词：note 注意、记录-名词）22. caveat 警告、告诫23. transaction 交易（衍生词：transact 交易、处理- 动词）24. initially 最初、开头（衍生词：initial 最初的、初始的）25. property 财产、特征26. deal 交易、生意（衍生词：dealer 生意人）27. Latin 拉丁语、拉丁语的28. basically 基本上、主要地（衍生词：basic 基本的- 形容词，basis 基础、基本- 名词）29. mean 意思是、意谓30. responsibility 责任、职责（衍生词：response 响应、反应-名词，respond 回答、响应-动词，responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词）31. check 检查、核对32. payment 报酬、支付（衍生词：pay 支付、给予-名词，payable 可支付的-形容词）33. defect 过失、缺点（衍生词：defective 有缺陷的）34. deliberately 蓄意地、故意地（衍生词：deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的）35. conceal 隐藏、隐蔽（衍生词：concealment 隐藏、隐蔽- 名词）36. policy 政策、方针37. proof 证据、校对38. affect 影响39. competitor 竞争对手、竞争者（衍生词：compete 竞争、比赛- 动词，competition 竞争、比赛-名词）40. statistics 统计学（衍生词：statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的- 形容词）41. run 运转、运行（同义词：manage, operate ）42. investigate 调查、研究（衍生词：investigation 调查、研究- 名词，investigator 调查人-名词）43. insurance 保险44. finance 金融、财政（衍生词：financial 财政的、金融的）45. service 服务46. therefore 因此、所以（衍生词：so, thus ）47. careful 小心的、仔细的（衍生词：care 关心、顾虑-动词）48. factual 事实的、实际的（衍生词： fact 事实、实情 - 名词） 49. assertion 主张、断言（衍生词： assert 声称、断言 - 动词） 50. regarding 关于15. concern 关心、关注16. mislead 误导（衍生词： lead 引导 - 动词） 17. false 错误的18. prevent 阻止、预防（衍生词： preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的 - 形容词）19. understandably 可以理解地 （衍生词： understand 理解 - 动词， understandable 可 以理解的 - 形容词）20. object 反对、抗议（同义词： refuse, refute, argue against ）21. untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的（衍生词： truth 事实、真理 - 名词， true 真实的、 真正的 - 形容词， truthful 诚实的 - 形容词）22. unfair 不公平的（衍生词： fair 公平的 - 形容词）23. advantage 优势、优点（反义词： disadvantage 略势、缺点 - 名词） 24. court 法院、法庭、球场25. clarify 澄清、阐明（衍生词： clarification 澄清 - 名词） 26. boundary 边界、分界线27. acceptable 可以接受的（衍生词： accept 接受 - 名词） 28. best-loved 最喜爱的 29. favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情 30. brand 牌子 31. make 品牌32. similarly 相似地、相似的是（衍生词： similar 相似的 - 形容词） 33. expect 期待、期望（衍生词： expectation 期望、期待 - 名词） 34.expectable 预料中的 - 形容词，Day 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. quality 品质、质量 goods 货物、物品oversee validity council authority overstep limit监视、检查 有效性 理事会、委员会 权威、权利 踏过、越过 9. 10. 11.词）12. raise generate strategy极限、限度 提出 产生（衍生词： generation 产生、一代 - 名词） 战略、策略（衍生词： strategic, strategically战略的、策略的 - 形容superlativevarious 13.动词）14. 述、规范 - 名词）specific 最高的 不容的、多种多样的（衍生词：具体的（衍生词： specificallyvariety 品种、种类， vary 改变、变更 -具体地、 明确地 - 副词， specification详35. unexpectable 无法预料的 - 形容词 36. boast 自夸37. consider 考虑、照顾38. considerate 考虑周到的 - 形容词，39. considerable 值得考虑的，相当多的 - 形容词， 40. consideration 考虑 - 名词 41. deceptive 带有欺骗性的 42. deception 欺骗 - 名词 43. primary 初级的、主要的 44. inform 告知 45. monitor 监督、监管 46. ensure 确保、保证 47.argue 争论、辩论技术、技巧、手段 技术的、技巧的 - 形容词， 技师、技术员Day 71. otherwise 另外、否则2. unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的3. notice 注意、观察 - 动词，4. noticeable 显而易见的 - 形容词，5. unnoticeable 不明显的 - 形容词6. crowded 拥挤的、塞满的7. crowd 拥挤、塞满 - 动词8. aspect 方面 9. relatively 相对地10. relative 相关的、相对的 - 形容词， 11. relate 联系 - 动词 12. harmless 无害的13. harm 损害、伤害 - 名词， 14. harmful 有害的、伤害的 - 形容词 15. integral 完整的、整体的 16. integrate 整合、结合 - 动词， 17. integration 联合、结合 - 名词 18. detect 发觉、探测19. detective 察觉的、侦探的 - 形容词 20. delight 高兴、欣喜21. delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的 - 形容词 22. discount 折扣 23. fee 费、费用24. description 描述、记叙 25. describe 描述、记叙 - 动词 26. discussion 讨论 27. discuss 讨论 - 动词 28. issue 问题 29. comparison 比较30. compare 比较、对比 - 动词 31. contrast 对照、对比 32.guilty 内疚的、有罪的48. technique 49. technical 50. technician33. guilt 内疚、罪行- 名词34. summary 总结35. summarize 总结36. definition 定义37. define 下定义- 动词38. determine 决定、确定39. determination 决定、确定- 名词40. chainsaw 链锯41. recent 最近的、近期的42. recently 最近地、近期地- 副词43. reality 现实44. realistic 现实的- 形容词45. realization 意识46. realize 意识、了解到- 动词47. detailed 详尽的、详细的48. detail 细节、详情- 名词49. gasoline 汽油同义词50. petrol 汽油Day 81. own 拥有2. owner 拥有者3. advantage 优势、优点4. disadvantage 缺点5. mobility 灵活机动性6. specific 具体的7. specify 详述、说明- 动词，8. specification 详述、规范- 名词9. vital 生死攸关的、重大的10. affair 事物、事件11. automobile 汽车（同义词：car, vehicle ）12. relationship 关系、关联13. love-hate 爱恨的14. cherish 珍爱、怀抱15. undeniably 不可否认的16. convenient （衍生词：convenience ）17. industry 工业、产业、行业18. commerce 商业（衍生词：commercial 商业的- 形容词）19. prosper （衍生词：prosperous ）20. unfortunately 不幸地21. fortune 运气、命运- 名词，22. fortunate 幸运的、幸福的- 形容词，23. fortunately 幸运地、幸福地- 副词24. downside 负面、缺点25. upside 正面、优点26. pollution 污染12.31.factory 工厂（同义词： plant, mill ） 32. entrepreneur 企业家 33. launch 投放、开发、发起 34. admirable 值得赞美的、极美的 35. philosophy 哲理、哲学 36. venture 冒险、风险 37. desire 想往、期望 38.motoring 驾车 39.afford 承担 40.affordable 可承担的、可负担的 - 形容词， 41. unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的 - 形容词 42. ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的 43. so-called 所谓的 44. determine 决定、确定 45. status 身份、地位 46. comfort 舒适、安慰 47. protection 保护 48. protect 保护 - 动词，49.protective 予以保护的、保护的 - 形容词 50. previous 在前的、早先的 Day 9 1. vehicle 交通工具、车辆 2. two-wheeled 两轮的 3. scooter 小型摩托车 4. three-wheeled 三轮的 5. motorized 机动化的、摩托化的 6. motor 汽车 7. rickshaw 人力车8. 9. 10. 11.transport 运输 potential 潜在的、可能的；潜力、潜能 extensive 广泛的、广大的 predictable 可预测的 predict 预测、预言 - 动词， 13. unpredictable 不可预测的 - 形容词27. manufacture 制造 explosion 爆发、爆炸inevitable 不可避免的 inescapable 不可逃避的 unavoidable 不可避免的 wisdom 智慧、明智 warning 警告、预告 consequence 后果 massive 大量的compelling 强迫的、引人注目的 argument 争论、辩论 definite 明确的、一定的 connection 关系、连接 worsen 恶化、损害worse 更坏的、更恶略的 - 形容词 respectively 各自地、分别地 personally 个人地 individually单个地 subjectively 主观地14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.31.32. 33.34.35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46.47.48.49. 50. Day1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 28. manufacturer 29. manufacturing 30. purpose-build 制造商 - 名词， 制造业 - 名词 依某种目的而建造critical 批评的、危机的、严重的release 释放dramatically 极大地、引人注目地strikingly 醒目地noticeably 值得注意地remarkably 显著地affect 影响concern 考虑、忧虑aspect 方面stuck 被卡住import 进口export 出口approximately 大约地、大概地（同义词：nearly, about, around ）dependence 依赖、依靠dependent 依赖的、依靠的- 形容词，independence 独立、自主- 名词，independent 独立的、自主的- 形容词effect 效果、结果uniquely 唯一地、独特地10solution 解答、解决办法benefit 利益drawback 缺点applaud 称赞、赞同mode 方式、模式descendant 子孙、后代、后裔（同义词offspring ）7. regard 看待、当作8. original 最初的、原始的（衍生词：9. origin 起源、根源- 名词，10. originate 起源、发生- 动词11. invention 发明12. invent 发明、创造- 动词13. percentage 百分比、百分率14. conventional 习俗的、传统的15. traditional 传统的16. orthodox 正统地17. conservative 保守的18. elite 精锐、精华19. crisis 危机20. unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair）公平的- 形容词）21. decrease 减少、降低（衍生词：reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop ）22. negative 被动的（反义词：positive 主动的）23. synonym 同义词24. overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的25. approve 赞成、同意26. chilling 恐怖的27. purchaser 消费者28. purchase 消费- 动词，29. purchasing 消费的- 形容词30. violent 暴力的、强烈的（衍生词：violence 暴力- 名词）31. whereby 凭什么、为何32. compensation 补偿（衍生词：compensate 偿还、补偿- 动词33. favorable 赞成的、有利的34. traffic 交通35. congestion 拥塞（同义词：jam, conjunction, gridlock ）36. cycling 骑脚踏车（衍生词：bicycle 脚踏车，cyclist 骑脚踏车的人）37. stuck 被粘住的（衍生词：stuck 是stick 的过去式和过去分词）38. breathe 呼吸、发出39. diesel 柴油机、柴油味40. fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟、气41. commute （乘坐交通工具）往来42. college 大学、学院43. issue 问题；发行44. despite 不论、尽管45. flyover 过街天桥46. lane 街道、车道（同义词street, road, avenue, pathway ）47. consideration 考虑、体谅（衍生词：consider 考虑、体谅- 动词，considerable 得考虑的）48. car-friendly 汽车友好型的49. humble 微贱的、粗陋的50. restrict 限制。
（完整版）雅思阅读超高频词汇（必背）
（完整版）雅思阅读超高频词汇（必背）雅思阅读高频词汇state n.情形,状态,国家,政府,州vt声明,陈述,规定For the century before Johns'ons Dictionary was published in 1775 there had been concern about the state of the English language.statementi声明,陈述,综述2special a特別的,特殊的,专门的especiallyadv尤其，特另U specializationn特殊化,专门化specialise/专业化，专门研究specialised a专门的,专科的In the 19th century, new, specialised, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.specialist n. 专家speciality n特性,特质,专业specify V指定,详纟田说明specific a 详.细而精确的, 明确的An early scientific joufronsatlereadnew kindof writingbased on short descriptions of specific experiments.specifically特定的,明确的specien种类Extinct species are being replaced by new species. 3 differ vi 不同In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. differe ncei 差异,差另U different adj不同的Differengt roups orfesearchersattacdkieffderenpt roblems, frosmpeech recog niti on to chess play in g, i n differe nt ways.difV区e ntiate 另, 区分4 appropriate 适d当的in appropriateadj不适当的5staff n. 全体职员6contradicvt同■■矛盾con tradicti onn 反驳,矛盾contrary adj相反的,逆的con trast使与■■对比n对比,对照7claim n根据权利提出）要求,主张vt.根据权利）要求,主张claimant n.（根据权利）提出要求者reclaim 要求归还，开垦reclamatio收回，开垦8similarad相似的,类似的Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science. similarly adv同样地,类似于similarity n类似，类似处assimilation化9evide nee n明显,显著，证据There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism. evident a明显的,显然的10major n.主修课ad主修的，主要的vi主修Grime(1966s) uggeststhlaigt ht maybe oneof the majorcomponentsdirect ing these adaptati ons. majo多数,大半11furtherad更远的,更多的vt促进,增进,助长furthermore adv此夕卜,而且12in volvel B括,使陷于Kant believetdhat a successfuljokinevolvesthceontrolledrelease ofnervous energy.involveme连!累,包含revolve旋转revolutions革命，旋转revoluti on aryadj革命的，全新的n革命者revoluti oni sevt使彻底改变evolvevt.使( )进化, (使)发展evolution n. 进化, 发展evoluti onary adj进化的13complete adj全部的,完全的vt完成,使完善It was a vereyxpensiveatnimde-consumingprocestsotohkataround six months to complete.completely a十分，完全地completion完成Johnson only received payment for his Dictionary on its completion. accomplis 完成，实现accomplishm完成t?.成就14suit V合n 一套衣服suitable a V j当的,相配Latin was suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience.suitcase.n提箱,衣箱15perso n .人, 身体personal adj私人的,个人的Most comedia ns use pers onal situati ons as a source of hum 使成私p 人的nalize 人格化person ality个性，人格Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life.personnenl .人员, 职员16accommodate供应,供给,容纳accommodation s,膳宿17 economy n经济,节约economicadj 经济上）的It would be best to attempt to slow down economic growth.economiodj节约的economisi经济学者,经济家econo mics经济学18alter v改变alternative二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物ad选择性的,二中择一的alternate adj交替的,轮流的v交替,轮流,改变19effect n效果，作用,影响effective adj有效的effective nesan 效力effort n努力,成就affect vt影响,感动affection n. 影响, 爱情,affective adj情感的affecting adj.感人的, 动人的efficienta直接）生效的,有效率的efficie ncyn效率,功效sufficie nt ad充分的，足够的in sufficie nt a不足的，不够的20 experimen实验，试验vi进行实验,做试验experime ntalad实验的experime ntatiOn验，试验,实验法experime ntern 实验者21approach n接近,方法vt接近His approach to the problems that had worried writersthroughout the lateseventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. approachabili可接近22previous adj在前的,早先的Working to a deadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one of heroic synthesis.23gene n. 遗［传］基因genetic aidj传的geneticsn.遗传学24object n物体,目标,宾语,对象vi反对,拒绝,抗议objecti on n异议，拒绝objective n■目标,目的ad客观的25amoun t数量vi.(to)总计,等于26mea n ad低劣的,吝啬的vt意谓n平均数meaning n意义,含意meanin gful aS味深长的27coal煤coal-m ining挖煤28qualityn质量,品质,性质qualify/■使具有资格,证明合格qualificati on n 资格,条件qualitativadj性质上的,定性的29medic ine n 药,医学medical a医学的,内科的medication药物治疗,药物处理,药物30term n学期条款术语termlyadj定期的,每一期的terminologyn术语学31perform vt履行,执行,表演performa nee n履行，成绩，表演32subject题目,学科，实验对象ad受制于…的,受..影响的,Several of the subjects were psychology stude nts at Yale Un ivelj 主观SUbj 个人ve 的Peter Derks believes that humour relate to a person's subjective views.33sensen官能,感觉,意义vt感到,理解,认识Johnsonwaspaoet and criwticho raised common senseto thoef heights genius.sen sati onn感觉,感情sensitive adj敏感的,灵敏的sen sitivityi 敏感,灵敏（度）sen son传感器sensory 感觉的,感官的sen sus n感觉34present赠品,礼物,现在ad现在的,出席的vt赠送,上演,提出,呈现prese nee n出席存在prese nt-day赠礼物的节日prese ntati on n陈述,赠送,表达prese ntly adv i 前,不久represe ntvt表现,描绘,代表representatioi代表，表现,陈述representativW弋表adj典型的,有代表性的35particular ad特殊的独特的n细节，详细particulate微粒ad微粒的36union n联合，联盟,协会unify vt统一,使成一体uniform n制服ad相同的uni formityn 同样,一致uniqueadj唯一的,独特的un ih个体,计量单位unitedadj联合的,团结的,一致unity n团结,联合,统一uni verse n宇宙,世界un iversityn ■綜合）大学37compa ny n公司,陪伴accompany陪伴,伴奏38surveyn调查vt调查surveyor n测量员,检查员39count n计算vt计算，认为有价值accoun计算,账目vi说明认为accountan会计（员）,会计师acco un ti ng会计学accountancy n会计师之职,会计学40significanadj有意义的,重要的significanc意义,重要性sig nificatio含义41org an n■机］机构,机关,生物］器官organic a器官的,有机的,组织的organism n生物体,有机体orga nize vt组织,使有机化orga ni zati on n 组织,机构orga ni zati on a dj组织的orga niser n 组织者42position位置,职位vt安置,决定■■的位置post n邮件,邮政，岗位,职位，柱vt张贴,邮递43 complex adj复杂的，综合的n联合体complexity复杂性complicated复杂的，难解的44vehicle交通工具,车辆vehicular adj车的,用车辆运载的45loan n.（借出的）贷款，借出v借，借给46access通路,入门accessibladj易接近的,可到达的accessory附件,零件adj附属的,补充的47visi on n视力，视觉,想象力visual ad看的,视觉的visi onal a梦幻般的visibleadj看得见的,明显的in visible adj看不见的,无形的visit n访问,游览,参观vt访问,参观visitor n访问者,游客50speech演说51situation n情形,境遇,建筑物等的）位置situatevt使位于,使处于52 gree nhous温室53 progress n前进,进步vi前进,进步progressivead进的,进步的progressio行进54pop流行乐曲,流行艺术ad流行的,热门的populadj流行的,受欢迎的popularity!普及,流行populace n 平民populatio n人口55 temperature n 温度temperate.（气候）温和的，有节制的temperate-climat宜人的气候tempenr .性情, 脾气56vary vt改变使多样化various a不同的,各种各样的varietyn变化,多样性,种类variati on n变更,变化variable数t[]变量adj可变的variabilit yn 可变性57impact!冲击影响,效果vt撞击，对..发生影响58facilityn便利,敏捷,设备facilitate vt使容易,使便利facilitator n 使顺利进行的人或物59form n形状，形式,表格v形成,构成formaladj正式的,形式的formality n礼节,仪式formatn形式,格式vt安排…的格局formati onn形成,构成formative adj格式化的。
（完整版）学为贵：雅思阅读高频词汇
（完整版）学为贵：雅思阅读高频词汇学为贵整理雅思阅读考点词雅思阅读考点词，可以留作备用。
resemblesimilaradjustmodifyshiftalterapproachmethodfundamentalrudimentarypreliminarybasicrely ondepend ondomesticlocalnationalmeasurecalculateassessevaluatetraitcharacteristicfeaturepropertycoininventsynthetic man-made prompt initiate immediately exchange shareapply underline based on groundrootignore neglect overlook underestimate fertilizer chemical toxic unnatural recognize perceive acknowledge realize appreciate admit identify comprehend additionwhereasnonethelessneverthelessnotwithstandingalthoughthoughinsteadstemderiveowingdueaccordingaccountresultthereforehence ————————————————————————————diversity variety differencedetect find look for seek searchisolate inaccessibleavoid escape evitablebudget fund financialadapt fit suitalternative substitutecompensate make up offsetcomponent proportionmilitary weapon armycriteria standardcurriculum syllabus course of study feasible realistic viable constrain stop controldeficiency shortage defect weakness supplement provision distinguish separate differentiateanalyze examine diagnoseemphasize focus on stressenormous massiveimitate mimic copyimpair damage diminish decreasehinder impede prevent deter obstacle legitimate legallimitation restrictionconvention method traditiondemanding troublesomedetermine decideaccelerate speed upancient aged oldbeneficial helpful advantageous wholesome chronic lasting conscious aware knowingminimize reduce lessenimmunity resistanceimperative compelling necessary urgent secrete discharge exude exaggerate overstatetransmit pass send transferextinct die out lostexclusive onlyguarantee assureinherit receivewitness view seemagnetic attractiveloss waste goneoption choiceprefer to ratherpriority preference preferentialprimary principal mainprinciple rulepotential possibilityquantity numbersettle fix figure outsophisticate complicatespecific detailed particularsurvive remainswift quick rapidunexpectedly surprisingsurroundings setting environmentattempt try testexpertise knowledge skillfaculty abilitydonate contributedynamics energy force moveincentive motive stimulusmortality deathperipheral unimportant minorvicinity neighborhood nearbythreaten endanger jeopardize risk hazard practice method exercisebacteria virus germ microbebe subject to facebe liable to potentialinnate built-in inbornpattern formationtherapy treatmentoriginal first initialcognitive mentalcomply with obeyconsult ask for advicesuperior higher uppercooperation support work together coordinate organize harmonizediffer varycue clue hintsignal symbol mark signabandon quit give up forsake derelict halt stop quitfragile vulnerableretain maintainvanish disappeardelivery senderode rust damageinduce cause lead tostable constant unchangedintegrate combine wholeequal fair evengrant offer------------------------------- accumulate gatheraddictive habitadversity troubleaggression attackagreeable pleasantaid helpallergic irritatealtitude heightapplication utilizationapprove agreearray orderassign allocateassociation unionattitude opinionauthority governmentbe consistent with compatiblebear tolerateblight destroyboundary barrierbungle mishandleburden loadcalamity disastercapacity volumecatastrophic disastrouscater servecertify verifycivic municipalcomment remarcommitment engagementcommunal publiccommute travelcompare contrastconceal hideconcentrate focusconcur agreeconfer grantconflict unharmonious=inharmonious confuse puzzleconservative traditional considerable significant contingent uncertaincontroversial disputablecorrelation linkcourtship matecrash collapsecredibility reliancecriminal convictioncrisis riskcriticism condemncurb restrictdamp wetdazzle flashdeadline limitdelay postponedemocratic republic demographic population statistic dental teethdepression frustration designate appointdetain holddevastate wreckdisclose exposedisparate differentdisplay showdisrupt destroydistract divertdistribute pread documentation recorddomain fielddominant overbearing dramatic strikingdrought drydurable lastingeco-friendly environmentally-friendly elaborate illustrate elderly agedeliminate disposeelusive hardencyclopaedia entire range of knowledge entrepreneur boss equator geographyerratically unpredictablyestablished builtestate propertyethical moraleventually finallyevidence proofevolve developexceptional extreme utmost exhausted fatigue experiment testexplicit clearexploit useextend expandextract quotationfamine hungerfinite limitedfitness healthfoe enemyformat structurefragment piecefreeze chillfulfill executegene factorgifted talentedgraphic picturehabitat residenceharbour holdhardship difficultharsh roughhypothesis assumptionimpact influenceimpressive touchingin accordance with conforminaccurate incorrectinactive passiveinappropriate hardindulge spoilinfest plagueinstallment payment on its completion intelligence mind intense stronginteraction social activities interference interdependence interior innerinterrupt stopintroverted shynessinvolve associatekeen stronglabel displaylack shortagelandscape scenelikelihood chancelimb arm or leglinguistic languagelog recordlook in opportunity chance lopsided unevenmainly primarilymalfunction breakdownmammal creaturemanage to do successmanifest obviousmanufacture producemarine seamate spousemechanism methodmental intelligentmercury liquid metal meteorological weather migrate movemoisture humiditymonitor surveillancemotif thememould formnative originalnocturnal nightnorm regulationnotoriety famousobjective goalobligation responsibility obscure hide obtain getodd strangeodour smelloffensive hostileofficial authorityoptimum bestordinary commonorgan a part of a bodyout of the question impossible overcome defeat overtake surpassparalyse =paralyze cannot move paramount principal participate joinpatient repetitivepeak toppermit allowpersuade influencepessimistic negativephase processphysical bodyplagiarise copyplenty of manyplot planpose causeportable conveyablepoverty poorpraise commendpredict expectpressing urgentprivate personalprohibit not allowedprolong extendpromote improveprosper successpurify cleanqualify fulfillradical utmostrange scoperare unusualrate rank measurereact respondrecreation entertainment reduction decreaserefer to talk aboutrehearsal preparationreject excluderelevant relativereligious sacredreluctant unwillingreproduce breedresponsible liablerevision editingrevive renaissanceruin destroyscenic beautiful shade shelter skepticism doubtsoar increasesolely alonesolicitor lawyer steer manage stimulate motivate stride progress succumb yield subdivide break down subtle delicate substance matter sufficiency enough supersede replace suppress hold supremacy priority suspicious odd sustainable long term symptom signtension upsetterm wordthroughout anywhere toll chargetrace tracktranscend excel transit send tremendous vast trigger begin tropical hot unbiased fairuniform consistent valuable benefit versatile all-around view overlookviolent fierce visible see visual image well-being health。
刘洪波阅读考点词539
剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经（剑 10 版） 致谢剑桥雅思阅读考点词首先感谢贵学教育阅读教师郭佳荣老师。
应我邀请他为《剑桥雅思 10》做出了 全部“真题考点词替换清单”和核心词挑选，收录在本书中。
郭佳荣老师的经历本身 有点传奇。
他是一名羽毛球教练，原来雅思阅读考试 5.0 分，使用阅读真经体系后阅 读迅速考到了 8.5。
然后他选择来贵学上课提高其它三项。
他在课余时间热心主动帮 助同学讲解阅读，以身说法传授真经。
后来累积经验一步步从贵学助教、辅导老师、 教师，最后成为贵学一线名师。
前言——写于 2015 年2012 年，贵学教育成立。
作为她诞生之礼，我以她之名出版了《剑桥雅思听力 考点词真经》和《剑桥雅思阅读考点词真经》，并同步公开了“雅思听力阅读考点词 理论”的部分研究论文。
当时，新浪教育、网易教育、搜狐教育和网易教育同步转载 了相关论文，引发了热议。
本书包含的《剑桥雅思 5》、《剑桥雅思 6》的“真题考点词替换清单”是由李 热议的意思就是有褒有贬。
批评者认为我蔑视了几十年传统英语考试培训累积的 各种技巧，一味强调同意替换；赞扬者则认为我开创了一个崭新的领域，教学理念领 先整个行业很多年。
悦老师应我邀请完成。
本书包含的《剑桥雅思 4》、《剑桥雅思 7》、《剑桥雅思 8》、《剑桥雅思 9》 的“真题考点词替换清单”是由我亲自解析完成。
当然，我的学生们都自称“贵粉儿”、“脑残粉”、“真经死忠粉”，他们第一 时间投入无比的热情开始研究听力阅读中的同意替换，开始背诵我提出的“考点词库”。
我对他们的“盲目崇拜”感动得更加努力工作。
在本书的编写过程中，赵小锐、刘畅、谭乐、刘娟、付晓楠、田杨、冯涛、成岩、 程玲、 李慧芳、刘素良、焦磊、柏立明、焦鸿增、曹爱丽、张靖娴、袁伟、李海静、 刘伟、杨志、贾玉梅、 李悦也参与了资料收集及部分编写工作，在此一并感谢。
无论外界纷扰，我心宁静依旧。
因为历史为证，《剑桥雅思听力考点词真经》和《剑 桥雅思阅读考点词真经》是中国英语培训史上讲解同意替换的第一批出版专著。
雅思5.5基础课程阅读讲义-ielts-5.5-reading
雅思阅读冲刺班讲义（教案）2013年11月雅思5.5基础阅读课程讲义UNIT 1 Education (3)UNIT 2 Food (5)UNIT 3 Health (7)UNIT 4 Media (10)Locating Information (15)UNIT 5 Practice 1 (18)UNIT 6 Advertising (20)UNIT 7 Learning to Speak (28)Summary Completion (30)UNIT 8 The Environment (31)Short Answers (33)UNIT 9 Sponsorship in Sport (34)UNIT 10 Practice 2 (38)Flowchart-Timeline Completion (40)UNIT 11 Transport (40)UNIT 12 Travel (48)UNIT 13 Technology (55)Labelling a Diagram (57)Unit14 Money (58)UNIT 15 Practice 3 (65)Multiple Choice (66)Labelling a Diagram (70)UNIT 17 Social Issues (71)IELTS Type Questions: Reading: for Details and for Main Ideas (73)Table Completion (73)UNIT 20 Practice 4 (79)Note Completion (80)UNIT 1 EducationEducation over the past 100 yearsAThe education of our young people is one of the most important aspects of any community, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and unspoken beliefs of society. These ideas change as local customs and attitudes change, and these changes are reflected in the curriculum, teaching and assessment methods and the expectations of how both students and teachers should behave.词汇讲解：curriculum n. 教学大纲；reflect v. 反映；反射；assessment n. 评价；BTeaching in the late 1800s and early 1900s was very different from today. Rules for teachers at the time in the USA covered both the teacher's duties and their conduct out of class as well. Teachers at that time were expected to set a good example to their pupils and to behave in a very virtuous and proper manner. Women teachers should not marry, nor should they ‘keep company with men.' They had to wear long dresses and no bright colours and they were not permitted to dye their hair. They were not allowed to loiter downtown in an ice cream store, and women were not allowed to go out in the evenings unless to a school function, although men were allowed one evening a week to take their girlfriends out if they went to church regularly. No teachers were allowed to drink alcohol. They were allowed to read only good books such as the Bible, and they were given a pay increase of 25c a week after five years of work for the local school.词汇讲解：manner n. 行为守则；be expected to：被预期…表示将来时：be expected tobe predicted tobe perspective toCAs well as this long list of ‘dos' and ‘don'ts,' teachers had certain duties to perform each day. In country schools, teachers were required to keep the coal bucket full for the classroom fire, and to bring a bucket of water each day for the children to drink. They had to make the pens for their students to write with and to sweep the floor and keep the classroom tidy. However, despite this list of duties, little was stipulated about the content of the teaching, nor about assessment methods. DTeachers would have been expected to teach the three ‘r’s—reading, writing and arithmetic, and to teach the children about Christianity and read from the Bible every day. Education in those days was much simpler than it is today and covered basic literacy skills and religious education. They would almost certainly have used corporal punishment such as a stick or the strap on naughty or unruly children, and the children would have sat together in pairs in long rows in the classroom. They would have been expected to sit quietly and to do their work, copying long rows of letters or doing basic maths sums. Farming children in country areas would have had only a few years of schooling and would probably have left school at 12 or 14 years of age to join their parents in farm work.词汇讲解：arithmetic：算数；literacy：文学，阅读；religious：宗教的；discrimination：歧视；religious discrimination：宗教歧视。
雅思阅读考点词最重要444个词
1.abandon2.abstract3.accelerate*4.access*5.accumulate6.acknowledge*7.adapt to*8.addictive9.adjust*10.admit11.adversity12.aggression13.agreeable14.aid15.allergic16.alter*17.alternative18.altitude19.analyse*20.ancient*21.application22.apply to*23.appreciate*24.approach* 25.approve26.array27.artificial*28.assess*29.assign30.association31.attempt32.attitude33.authority34.avoid*35.bacteria36.based on*37.be consistent with38.be liable to39.be subject to40.bear41.beneficial*42.blight43.boundary44.budget45.burden46.calamity47.calculate48.capacity49.catastrophic50.cater51.certify52.characteristic53.chronic*54.civic55.cognitive56.coinmentmunalmuteparepensateplicateply with64.concentrateponentprehend67.conceal68.concur69.confer70.confidential71.confuse72.conscious* 73.conservative74.considerable75.constrain76.consult77.controversial78.convention*79.contemporary80.co-operation81.correlation82.courtship83.criteria*84.crash85.crisis86.contingent87.co-ordinate88.credibility89.criticism90.cue91.damp92.curriculum*93.deficiency94.delay95.democratic96.depression97.dazzle98.deadline99.demographic 100.demanding 101.depend on 102.derive* 103.detain 104.detect* 105.determine* 106.delivery* 107.dental 108.designate 109.devastate 110.differ 111.diminish 112.disaster 113.disclose 114.disparate 115.display 116.disrupt 117.diversity * 118.donate 119.dynamics 120.eliminate 121.distinguish* 122.distract 123.distribute 124.diversity* 125.documentation 126.domain 127.domestic* 128.donate129.dramatic 130.drought 131.due to* 132.durable 133.dynamics 134.ecosystem 135.eliminate 136.elderly 137.elusive 138.drought 139.elaborate 140.emphasize* 141.encyclopaedia 142.equal143.endanger 144.equator145.enormous* 146.entrepreneurship 147.erode*148.established 149.estate150.ethical151.escape152.evenly153.eventually 154.exceptional 155.experiment 156.evidence 157.evolve158.extend159.exclusive* 160.exaggerate* 161.exhausted 162.explicit163.exploit164.extreme165.exchange* 166.expert*167.extinct*168.extract 169.expertise 170.extinct* 171.explicit 172.extract 173.feature 174.fitness 175.fragile* 176.faculty 177.fertilise* 178.focus on* 179.format 180.fragile 181.fragment 182.freeze 183.famine 184.feasible 185.financial* 186.finite187.foe188.fulfill189.fund* 190.fundamental* 191.gene192.grant193.habitat 194.halt 195.harsh 196.graphic 197.harbor 198.hazard 199.geographic 200.guarantee* 201.hardship 202.gifted 203.habitat 204.harmonise 205.hinder 206.hypothesis 207.ignore* 208.impact 209.imperative 210.imitate* 211.immediate 212.identify* 213.immunity* 214.impaired 215.inactive 216.indulge 217.impressive218.in accordance with 219.inaccurate220.inappropriate 221.incentive222.induce*223.inevitable* 224.infest225.inherit*226.initial*227.initiate228.innate229.installment 230.integrate231.intelligence 232.intense233.interaction234.interference 235.interior236.interrupt237.involve238.isolate*239.keenbelckndscape 243.legitimate* 244.linguistic 245.lopsided 246.malfunction 247.manufacture ndscape 249.likelihood titude 251.legal252.limb253.link254.limitation* 255.log256.look-in 257.loss*258.magnetic* 259.mainly 260.malfunction 261.manufacture 262.mammal 263.manage to do 264.manifest 265.marine266.massive* 267.mate268.measure* 269.mechanism 270.mental271.mercury 272.meteorological 273.modify* 274.mortal275.migrate 276.moisture itary* 278.mimic279.monitor 280.minimise* 281.moral282.motif283.mould284.native285.nocturnal 286.norm287.notoriety 288.nourishment289.nutrient290.obey291.objective292.obligation293.odd294.obtain295.odour296.offensive297.official298.opportunity 299.optimum300.option*301.ordinaryan303.original*304.other than305.out of the question 306.overcome307.overtake308.paralyse309.paramount310.participate311.pattern312.permit 313.physical 314.peak 315.optimum 316.original* 317.overtake 318.particular 319.perceive* 320.pessimistic 321.obligation 322.offensive 323.option* 324.other than 325.paralyse 326.patient 327.peripheral 328.persuade 329.plagiarise 330.portable 331.phase 332.plague 333.plenty of 334.plot 335.poverty 336.pose337.potential 338.poverty 339.praise 340.predict 341.preferential 342.principle* 343.prohibit 344.property* 345.purify 346.pressing 347.primary 348.profit* 349.prohibit 350.priority 351.prolong 352.proportion* 353.qualify 354.rapid* 355.react 356.predict 357.primary* 358.private 359.promote 360.prosper 361.quantity* 362.plenty of 363.potential* 364.prefer to* 365.principal 366.profit* 367.prompt 368.property* 369.prosper 370.provision* 371.purify 372.radical 373.range 374.rapid* 375.rare376.rate377.rather than* 378.react 379.realise* 380.recognize 381.recreation 382.reduction 383.refer to 384.regulate385.rehearsal 386.reject 387.relevant 388.reliance 389.religious 390.reproduce 391.reluctant 392.rely on* 393.recognize 394.regulate 395.reliance 396.remain* 397.resemble* 398.resistance 399.responsible 400.restrict* 401.result from* 402.retain* 403.revision 404.revive 405.ruin406.scenic 407.secrete* 408.rudimentary 409.separate* 410.setting 411.settle* 412.shade 413.shift* 414.signal 415.similar* 416.skepticism 417.specific* 418.stem from 419.substitute* 420.supersede 421.surrounding* 422.sustenance 423.soar424.setting 425.signal 426.solicit 427.sophisticate* 428.stable 429.standard 430.steer431.stem from 432.stride433.subdivide 434.substance 435.substitute* 436.subtle 437.sufficiency 438.superior 439.supersede 440.supplement 441.surveillance 442.suppress 443.survive* 444.supremacy 445.surrounding 446.swift* 447.symbol 448.synthetic 449.suspicious 450.sustenance 451.symptom 452.tension 453.term 454.thanks to " 455.therapy 456.threat 457.throughout 458.toll459.toxic460.trace461.track462.trait*463.transcend 464.transit465.transmit 466.tremendous 467.trigger 468.tropical 469.upset470.unbiased 471.underlie 472.unexpectedly* 473.uniform 474.unusual 475.valuable 476.vanish477.variation 478.variety* 479.visual480.vulnerable481.versatile482.vicinity483.violent484.visible485.waste486.well-being487.witness11。
(完整word版)雅思阅读高频词汇解析
List11.random (adj./n.) 随意（的），随机（的）2.secondary (adj.) 中等教育的，第二期的，的，次要的elementary (adj.)基的，的tertiary (adj.)第三的，第三的3. accidentally = by chance有时的4.seal (v.) 封住5.hazardous (adj.) 危的，危害的 dangerous6.resemble (v.) 像 = look likeitary (adj.) 事的 army → battlefield/ battleground8.copy (v./n.)复制→ duplicate→ reproduce → imitatemimic→9.deadly (adj.)致命的 lethal→ fatal10.expose (v.) 裸露，揭穿→ exposure(n.)11.toxic = poisonous (adj.) 有毒的→ toxin (n.) = poison12. waterproof (adj.)防水的earthquake-resistant houses防震房屋wear-resistant shoes耐穿的鞋13. identical =exactly alike→ identify，出→ recognize→ distinguish→ identity 身份，特征，特点14. adapt1) adapt to⋯适⋯2)adapt sth. 整→adaptation (n.) 适，适合，改物→adaptable (adj.) 适性的15.innovation (n.) 新，改革→innovate ( v.)→innovative (adj.)16.antiafterglow 防复燃的→anti - againste.g.: anti-freeze防液anti-pollution laws反染法17.novel (adj.) 新的18.preserve (v.) 保→ preservation (n.)→conserve (v.) 保存，保护→conservation (n.)19.persistent (adj.) 坚持的，连续的20.previous (adj.) 先的，从前的21. original (adj.)最先的，最早的，独创的= first→ originally (adv.) = at the beginningorigin(n.) 发源，因由，由来，出身originate (v.)发源，发生，首创→ initially(adv.)initial (adj.) 开始的，最先的initiate(v.)开始，首创，发动initiative (n.) 始创，主动22.arise (v.) 出现，发生→ emerge (v.) = appearmitment (n.) 肩负义务，承诺→ commit(v.) 犯（错误，罪状），致力于24.unrealistic (adj.) 不现实的→realistic 现实的25.underestimate (n.) 低估→ under - : not enough→ underuse 使用不足understaffed职工不足→over- : too much→overestimate 高估overdose 过度用药 over-stimulate 过分刺激26.assume (v.) 假定，假想，假定→ assumption (n.)→ presume (v.)presumption (n.)presumably (adv.)27. criterion = standard(n.) 标准→criteria ( 复数 )28.notorious (adj.) 污名昭著的，臭名远扬的→notoriety (n.)plete (adj.) 完好的，所有的 intact30.optimistic (adj.) 乐观的→ optimism (n.)→ pessimistic (adj.)消极的pessimism (n.)31. approximately = about大概32. objective (adj.客观的n.目的 )33. impartial (adj.)公正的→ 反义biased34.architecture (n.)建筑学，建筑风格，建筑式样→ architect (n.)建筑师，设计师architectural (adj.)建筑学的，建筑的35.coexistence (n.) 共存→coexist→co- : together, with→cooperate 合作 collaborate 合作 correlation 共同联系36.economical (adj.) 经济的，节俭的37.originate (v.) 发源，发生，首创→origin (n.) 发源，因由，由来，出身original (adj.) 最先的，最早的，独创的38. virtually (adv.)=almost几乎39.distinct : different 不一样的→ distinctive 独出心裁的，有特点的40.systematic (adj.) 系统的41.categorise (v.) 归类 classify (v.)42.genetic (adj.) 基因的→ gene (n.) 基因43.automatically (adv.) 自动的→ automatic (adj.)→-auto-: self→ autono my= independence（n.）自治，独立autonomous =independent(adj.) 自治的，独立的44. stroke / a blood clot in the brain血栓45. . paralysis(n.)瘫痪→ paralyze (v.)46.reverse (v. 颠倒，改变，倒转，使反向 adj. 颠倒的，相反的 )→invert (v.) 颠倒，倒转→conversely= on the contrary48.evolution (n.) 进化，演化→ evolve (v.)49.secrete (v.) 分泌50.hormone (n.) 荷尔蒙→hormonal (adj.)List 21. male (adj. 男性的 n. 男性 )→反 female2. reinforce (v.)支援，加→reinforcement (n.)3.subliminally (adv.) 下意→subconscious(adj.) 下意→sub - : under 在⋯之下 , smaller 更小的 , less than 低于，于e.g.: submarine潜水艇submerge 吞没sub-region 分区sub-health 健康4. prejudice (v. n. )歧，偏→bias (v. n. ) 偏，向性，偏eg: a bias against反a bias towards支持5.feature (n.)→characteristic (n. 特点 adj. 典型的 )6.undergo (v.) ，遭到，忍耐7.migratory (adj.) 迁徙的→ migrate (v.)migration (n.)8.up to 高达⋯( 多 )→反 down to→more than 多于⋯( 多) atleast 起码⋯ .( 多 )9.extension (n.) 延长→ extend (v.)extensive (adj.)10.temporary (adj.) 的，的→contemporary (adj.) 今世的，同代的11.frame (n.)构架，框12.insert (v.)13.extract (v.)分别，提取14. tranquil = quiet (adj.)寂静的→tranquility (n.)15.reject (v.) 扔掉，拒近： refuse16.spin (v.) 旋→ rotate (v.) 旋17. on the face of表面看来18. considerable (adj.)相当大（多）的→ substantial (adj.)19.account for 解，明20.apply (vt.)..(to) 用⋯于→ apply (to) (vi.) 合用于→apply for 申→ application (n.)21.characteristic (n.) 特点 (adj.) 典型的22.concept (n.) 观点，念，想法→ conception (n.) 观点，念，想法→conceive (v.) 构思，想到，考→ perceive 察，，理解→perception (n.) 念，观点，洞察力，直23.definition (n.) 定→ define (vt.)24.short-term 短期的→反 long-term25.proportion (n.) 比率 ,比率，部分→ in proportion with/to成比率，合情理→ out of proportion with/to不可比率，不合情理26.socialize (v.) 社会化→computerize 化 urbanize 城市化 commercialize 商化27.provision (n.) 供给，供→ provide (v.)28.character (n.) 特征，性29. as opposed to截然想反，完好不一样→ oppose (v.)反，抗争→ object （v.）反→ be opposed to反30. anticipation (n.) = expectation希望→ anticipate (v.)= expect31. sustain (v.)持，持→ sustainable (adj.)可持的→retain 保持，保存32.→ retain 保持，保存 reinforce (v.) 支援，加→reinforcement (n.)33.tend to 向于，→ tendency (n.)→be prone to 有⋯向34. feature (n.)特点，特点→ character→ characteristic35. recapture (v.)回→ re- : again, back e.g.: reassess从头估revert答复36. subject (n.)主，科目(discipline)，受者(vt.) 使遇到，使遭受37. pseudo- : false假的e.g.: pseudonym假名pseudo-event→ inauthentic (adj.)假的→ artificial (adj.)人造的，假的artificiality (n.)38.generate （ v.）生，生→generation （ n.）→generator 机，生器39. constitute (v.)组成→ make up→ account for40.object (n.) 物，物体 ,目的，目（ v.）反，不喜→objection (n.) 反41.distinction (n.) 差 = difference→distinct 明的，划分的→ distinctive→ distinguish（v.）划分42. in accordance with = according to依据42.justify (v.) 明⋯是正当的，⋯→ justification (n.)43.alternative (adj.) 可替的（n.）二一，抉，抉 44.versus (prep.)抗 Vs45.enhance (v.) 增添，美化46.provenance发源1） origin 2）derivation47. vibrant振的，有活力的1）vigorous 2 ）lively48. up-to-date最新的1） advanced 2 ）contemporary 3 ）current 4 ） modern49.discreetly 当心慎地 1） carefully2 ）cautiously3 ）considerately 4）prudently5 ）thoughtfully50.related 有关的 1） associated 2 ）link 3 ） allied4）affiliated5 ） connectedList 31.transform vt., 改1）alter 2 ）modify 3 ） convert 4) revise2. vital adj.极重要的1）important2） main3) crucial4) essential 5) significant 6)major3. prevent vt. 阻挡1) thwart2) hinder 3)forbid4)deter 5) inhibit 6) prohibit7)block4. reveal vt. 揭露，展现1）demonstrate 2） disclose 3） display4）exhibit 5）expose 6）manifest 7）present反： conceal vt. 匿，藏5. convey vt. 搬运，达1）transmit 2）communicate 3）deliver4）inform 5）transfer 6） transport6. detect vt. ， find 1）discover 2 ） perceive 3 ）recognize7. dismantle vt. 拆掉 1）demolish 2 ）disassemble 3 ） take apart 4 ）wreck8. conventional adj. 例的，常的，的1）traditional 2 ） customary3）established4）accepted9. submerge vt. 淹 1) immerse 2 ）inundate 3 ）sink10. consist of v. phr. 由⋯⋯成 1） comprise 2 ）include3) be made up of11.extreme adj. 极端的，尽的 1）drastic2 ）exaggerated 3 ） excessive 4）radical 5 ）terminal12.escape vi. 逃走 1）evade2 ）flee 3 ） get awayplex adj. 复的 1）complicated 2 ）confusedplete (adj.) 完美的，完好的 v. 达成incomplete adj. 不完好的deplete vt.减少15, massive adj. 大的 large-scale 大模1） clumsy 2 ）coarsemercial adj. 商的 1）mercantile17.consume vt. 耗费，消 exhaust vt. 使。
雅思阅读考点词
Chemical, to*ic, unnatural
that
This, it, they, such
and
As well as, both...and, in addition, besides, also
Rather than
But, notwithstanding, yet, nonetheless, however
cognitive
mental
ply with
obey
consult
Ask for advice
superior
Higher, upper
cooperation
Support, work together
coordinate
Organize, harmonize
differ
vary
cue
Hint, clue
quotation
famine
hunger
finite
limited
fitness
health
foe
enemy
format
structure
fragment
piece
freeze
chill
fulfill
e*ecute
gene
factor
gifted
talented
graphic
picture
habitat
Thanks to
Because of, due to, owing to, on account of, as a result of, derive, stem from
diversity
Variety, difference