英语句子成分讲解及练习
英语划分句子成分精讲和练习题
句子句子从目的上分：1.陈述句2疑问句1）一般疑问句2）选择疑问句3）反意疑问句4）特殊疑问句5）双重疑问句3．祈使句4．感叹句句子从结构上分：1．简单句2．并列句（并列复合句）3．复合句（主从复合句）1）名词性从句：（1）主从(2) 宾从(3)表从(4)同从2）形容词性从句定从（限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句）3) 副词性从句（状从）简单句的五种基本句型subject）: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.（名词）？Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）feel（感觉）...It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾3间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in.( 副词)Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）（过去分词）He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby inher arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）（定语从句）v., adj., adv., or 句子。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。
）中，“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。
）中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。
）中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。
例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。
）中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。
）中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。
）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。
例如，“I love you” （我爱你。
）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。
十大词性句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习附答案
十大词恨句子成分分析,五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习个体名词集体名词 普通名词《物质名词 抽象名词 专有名词人称代词：主格 宾格（注意it 的用法）物主代词：形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those单单数：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself反身代词”复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which.简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another,other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词：somebody, anybody,nobody不定代词 A someone, anyone, no onesomething, anything, nothing everybody, everyone,everything功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数得等3 .数词：基数词 序数词功能：表数量或顺序 4 .冠词：足冠得 不足冠词 零冠局//功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath … 表时间：in/ on/ at,in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind,5 .介词：表运动：across/ through/ over/ pass.. '表方位：….< 其他j 功能：用在名词■代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词不可数名词功能：表示人或事物的名称2.代词一、新课导入6.形容词：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质7.副局：平级、比较级、最高级功能：用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性并列连词：and/ both/ or/ not only・・・but also, but/however/ yet/ still/ while..8. 连词:从属连词：if/ unless, because/as/ since, although/though..一功能：用来连接词、短语或句子实义动词（vi./vt.）系动词助动词9.动词：情态动词不足式（上do）非谓语动词< 分词：现在分词（-ing ）和过去分词（-ed）动名词（-ing）功能：表示人或事物的动作或状态10.感叹词：oh ah well.功能：表示说话时的感情或口气课前测：1.句子成分摸底测试：(1)指出下列句子划线部分是句子的什么成分？1)The students got on the school bus.2)He handed me the newspaper.3)I shall answer your questions after class.4)What a beautiful Chinese painting!5)They went hunting together early in the morning.(2)判断下列句子是简单句并列句还是复合句？1)We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2)The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3)There is a chair in this room, isn’ t there?4)My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning.5)He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.二：新课讲解：（一）旬^成分七种句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）定语、状语、补语、表语等。
英语 句子成分讲解及练习
英语句子成分及结构句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。
一．主语：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
二. 谓语:I saw a girl.I love you.You should work hard.You had better take a bus.He is a handsome boy.He works hard all day.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.He is writing a letter.I can do it.谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
句子成分的划分解析及练习
句子成分的划分英语句子成分：组成句子的各个部分即句子成分。
句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。
一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
1.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。
（名词）2.He likes dancing.他喜欢跳舞。
（代词）3.Twenty years is a short time in history. 二十年在历史中是个很短的时间。
(数词)4.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
（动名词）5.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
（不定式）6.What he needs is a book. 他所需要的是本书（主语从句）二、谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
1.We study English. 我们学习英语2. He is asleep. 他睡着了。
三、表语（predicative）:表示主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，表语前面的动词称为系动词。
1. He is a teacher.他是个老师（名词2. Five and five is ten.五加五等于十（数词）3.He is asleep.他睡着了（形容词）4.His father is in. 他的父亲在家（副词）5.The picture is on the wall.画在墙上。
(介词短语)6.That sounds good 那听起来很好。
7.Tom looks thin. 汤姆看上去很瘦。
常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来、吃起来）...四、宾语：动作、行为的对象1.I like China.我喜欢中国。
（名词）2.You can help me. 你能帮助我。
（代词）3.How many do you need? We need two. 你们需要多少？我们需要两个。
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)(课堂PPT)
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
12
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– I like China. （名词） – He hates you. （代词） – How many do you need? We need two. （数词） – We should help the old and the poor. – I enjoy working with you. （动名词） – I hope to see you again. （不定式） – Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
16
定语 – 修饰名词
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
is my brother.
17
同位语 – 名词短语的补语成分
主
谓
表/主补
(2) the yard looks fine for a while
主
谓 表/主补 时间状语
(3) the not-so-easy way may mean getting down on your hands and knees and pulling out the
主
谓
宾
weeds by the roots.
like instant coffee, they want instant happiness. There are no quick fixes. (10) This attitude
英语句子成分讲解及练习
连系动词。
谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做
一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合
动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点: 句子谓语
D
C
B
A
E
基本句型四:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)
系动词分两类: be, look, keep, seem等, 表情况;
get, grow, become, turn等属另一类, 表变化。
五年前我住在北京。
4．五年前我住在北京。 5秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 6．我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 7. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。
I lived in Beijing five years ago.
In autumn, some birds fly to the south.
4．他们成功地完成了计划。 5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 6．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7．Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。
They have carried out the plan successfully.
That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
01
Wait a minute.（名词）
02
巩固练习： 1．她昨天回家很晚。 2．会议将持续两个小时。 3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大。
The meeting will last two hours.
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
He showed the ticket to the conductor.
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案
初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案句子成分是指句子中各个部分的语法作用和关系。
英语句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
下面是一些初中英语句子成分的练习及答案。
练习一：1. The cat chased the mouse.2. My sister is a doctor.3. The boy with the red hat is my friend.4. She sings beautifully.5. The teacher gave us a lot of homework.请判断每个句子中的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案：1. 主语：The cat；谓语：chased；宾语：the mouse。
2. 主语：My sister；谓语：is；宾语：a doctor。
3. 主语：The boy；谓语：is；定语：with the red hat；宾语：my friend。
4. 主语：She；谓语：sings；状语：beautifully。
5. 主语：The teacher；谓语：gave；宾语：us；定语：a lot of；宾语补足语：homework。
练习二：1. The tall man in the blue shirt is my father.2. The dog barked loudly at the mailman.3. My mother cooked a delicious dinner for us.4. The students are studying hard for the exam.5. The sun sets in the west.请在每个句子中找出主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
答案：1. 主语：The tall man in the blue shirt；谓语：is；宾语：my father。
2. 主语：The dog；谓语：barked；状语：loudly；宾语：at the mailman。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习seek； pursue； go/search/hanker after； crave； court； woo； go/run after英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词Shecame．.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语Sheishappy．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.主谓宾名／代－－动词－－名／代we--saw--you.we--did--thework.主系表名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词youarebeautifulyouseemsworried.youareastufent.相同点都三部分,主语也一样．不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同．动词加助动词,系动词不用．表语可以是形容词,宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语.1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”.通常用名词或代词担任.如：I’mMissGreen.我是格林小姐2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做什么”.主要由动词担任.如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.杰克每天打扫房间3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”.通常由名词、代词或形容词担任.如：MynameisPingping.我的名字叫萍萍4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”.通常由名词或代词担任.如：Hecanspelltheword.他能拼这个词有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人.指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面.如：Hewrotemealetter.他给我写了一封信有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语.如：Hewrotealettertome.他给我写了一封信5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任.如：Shanghaiisabigcity.上海是个大城市6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任.如：Heworkshard.他工作努力7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当.如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.他们通常让教室保持清洁/Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.他常常帮我做功课/ TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.老师要我自学法语8☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况.如：WhereisyourclassmateTom你的同学汤姆在哪里1.主语subject：句子说明的人或事物.Thesunrisesintheeast名词Helikesdancing.代词Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.数词Seeingisbelieving.动名词Toseeistobelieve.不定式Whatheneedsisabook.主语从句Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语一指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.谓语predicate：是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面.WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.二.选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DouallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon3.表语predicative：系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征.Heisateacher.名词Youdon’tlook it.代词Fiveandfiveisten.数词Heisasleep.形容词Hisfatherisin.副词Thepictureisonthewall.介词短语Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.形容词化的分词Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.表语从句常见连系动词“存在”类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调“存在”.常见的有:be是,look看起来,feel摸上去,seem似乎是,appear似乎、显得,prove证明是,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来等.例如:Thestorysoundstrue.Thoseorangestastegoodstar.2.“持续”类:表示某种情况或状态的持续.这类连系动词强调“持续”.常见的有:remain依然,keep保持,stay保持,continue继续、仍旧,stand处于某状况或情形等.例如:Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays.It'salreadyteninthemorning.Thestoreremainsclosed.What'sthematter3.“变化”类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态.这类连系动词强调“变化”后的情况或状态.常见的有:become变成,turn变成,grow变得,get变得等.例如:Putthefishinthefridge,oritwillgobadinhotweather.三挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.①tired ②worried ③yellow ④interested ⑤first4.宾语：1动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任.放在及物动词或者介词之后.如：IlikeChina.名词Hehatesyou.代词Howmanydoyouneed Weneedtwo.数词Ienjoyworkingwithyou.动名词Ihopetoseeyouagain.不定式Didyouwritedownwhathesaid宾语从句2介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3双宾语-----间宾指人和直宾指物Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney四挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming.hishomework ②English ③yourpronunciation ④newwords ⑤togoswimming5.宾补：对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语.Weelectedhimmonitor.名词Weallthinkitapity thatshedidn’tcomehere.名词Wewillmakethemhappy.形容词Wefoundnobodyin.副词Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语Don’tlethim dothat.省to不定式Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.带to不定式Don’tkeepthelights burning.现在分词I’llhavemybike repaired.过去分词扩展：主补：对主语的补充.Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.五挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room ②totaketheboyoutofschool ③Lily ④getonthebus ⑤playingfootballontheplayground划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子.Yanlingisachemistryteacher.名词Heisourfriend.代词Webelongtothethirdworld.数词Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.形容词Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.副词Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.介词TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.现在分词Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.过去分词Ihaveanideatodoitwell.不定式YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.定语从句六挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子.表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.以下例句按上述顺序排列Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhard sothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.七挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.①ontheface ②Everynight ③whenhewaseleven ④fast ⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm 八、同位语当一个概念词在前,后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时,而且两者的语法功能相同,后者就是前者的同位语.Mr.Black,ourEnglishteacher,isagoodtennisplayer.我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手.Football,theonlyinterestinlife,hasbroughthimmanyfriends.足球----他唯一的爱好,让他结交了许多朋友.YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆.That’sherhabit,readinginbed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯.Yoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea.你建议趁热打铁,这个建议很好. Hegaveordersthattheworkshouldbestartedimmediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作.Youstillhaven’tansweredmyquestionwhyyoudidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.你还没有回答我昨天为什么没有上学.同位语从句常跟在某些名词后,对其作进一步的解释.这些名词包括：fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,ques tion.这类从句常常有that引导,有时也可以用what,why,whether,when等引导.九插入语插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开,并且在语法上不影响其他成份.1.插入语常以副词副词短语、形容词形容词短语、介词短语、短语等形式出现.1常见的副词及短语：indeed,surely,however,obviously,frankly,naturally,luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等.九■Therebe句型拓展：Therebe+句词词组”中,there为虚词,be后面的名词词组为句子的真正主语.该句式在使用时须注意如下几点：★Therebe句式表示“有”时,它表示一种存在关系,通常带有一个地点状语,意为“什么地方时候有……”.句式中的主语只能为表泛指的名词词组,此外,其主语还可以带前置或后置定语.例如：1.Thereisablackboardintheclassroom.2.Therearefiveminutestogo.3.Therearetwooldwomenwaitingforyouatthegate.★在正式文体中,该句式中be动词的单复数形式取决于以下两种情况：1该句式中只有一个主语,主语为单数时,be动词用单数；主语若为复数,be动词也用复数.2该句式中有几个并列主语,则按就近原则处理,即与靠近be动词的第一个主语保持一致.例如：1.Thereisroomforimprovement.2.Therearethreeapplesonthetable.3.Therewereonlytwopens,adictionaryandatextbookonthedesk.★“Therebe+主语+不定式”中,不定式可以有主动和被动两种形式,不过在口语中主动形式更为常见.例如：1.Thereisalettertotypetoday.2.Thereisnotimetolose.3.Therearemanythingstobedonenow.★Therebe句式中,be动词有各种变化形式.1be动词有时态变化,可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来时等.例如：1.Therearealotofpeopleinthemeeting-room.2.Therewaslittleleft.3.Therehavebeenmanysuchtrafficaccidentsinthepastfewyears.4.Whenhegotthere,hefoundtherehadbeennoonewaitingforhimintheroom.5.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.6.Thereisgoingtobeastormtomorrowmorning.2Therebe句式中,be之前可以有情态动词.例如：1.Theremaybesomepeoplewhodon’tlikethefilm.2.Thereusedtobeatempleinthevillage.句子种类一按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句.1陈述句DeclarativeSentences：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法. Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快.Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味.Ihaven’tgotacamera.我没有相机.Theyhavenevermetbefore.他们以前从没见过面.疑问句InterrogativeSentences：提出问题.有以下四种：a.一般疑问句GeneralQuestions：Canyoufinishtheworkintime你能按时完成工作吗b.特殊疑问句WQuestions;HQuestionsWheredoyoulive 你住那儿Howdoyouknowthat 你怎么知道那件事c.选择疑问句AlternativeQuestions：Doyouwantteaorcoffee你是要茶还是要咖啡d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions：Heknowsher,doesn’the他不认识她,对不对=Doesheknowheryes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.3祈使句ImperativeSentences：提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如：Sitdown,please.请坐.Don'tbenervous别紧张4感叹句ExclamatorySentences：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如：Whatgoodnewsitis多好的消息啊HowgoodthenewsisWhatbeautifulflowerstheyare多美丽的花啊HowbeautifultheflowersareHowlovelythechildis多可爱的小孩啊Whatalovelychildheiswhatacutechildheis二句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1简单句SimpleSentences：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如：Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.她喜欢集邮.Weallstudyhard.我们都努力学习.Ilovesportsverymuch.我非常喜欢运动.Mummadeabeautifulskirtforme.妈妈为我做了一条漂亮的裙子.Weelectedhimourclasspresident.我们选了他做班长.Therearemorethan3000studentsinourschool.我们学校的学生超过3000名.2并列句CompoundSentences：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句. Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口.Let’shurry,orwewillbelate.咱们赶紧点,要不就迟到啦.Hestudiedhard,andhepassedtheexam.他努力学习并通过了考试.Hefeltnofear,forhewasverybrave.他很勇敢,毫不畏惧.Hewassick,sotheywerequiet.他病了,所以他们很安静.3复合句ComplexSentences：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如：Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了.Doyouknowthemanwhoisinthecar你认识坐在汽车里的人吗Whathesaidisnottrue.他说的不是实话.Iknowit’sdifficulttomasteraforeignlanguage.我知道学好一门外语不容易.Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.问题是下次他是否跟我们一起干. TheideathatIraqcouldbetakenwithinaweekortwowasanunderestimation.伊拉克可以在一两周内就可以拿下的这一想法是估计不足的想法.Togetintouniversity=Ifyouwanttogetintouniversityyouhavetopassanumberofexams.进入大学,你必须通过一系列的考试.元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动,呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍,这样形成的语音称为元音.不论声带振动与否,发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍,这样形成的语音称为辅音.发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音.发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音.巧记48个国际音标单元音共十二,四二六前中后双元音也好背,合口集中八个辅音共计二十八八对一清又七浊,四个连对也包括.有气无声清辅音,有声无气浊辅音,发音特点应掌握1.音标必须写在括号里,常用的音标括号有斜头和平头两种,其上端不顶第一线,大致与大写字母相齐,下端在第三格的中2.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下所列.3.下面几个音标是最容易写错的,一定要注意：ai和au不要写成Ai和Au,A:不要写成a:.在打字的时候,不要用a来代替A,把A:打成a:,也不要用g来代替G,把GE:l打成gE:l.4.音标没有书写体,也没有大小写,因此书写时必须和印刷体一样,直上直下,没有斜度,其书写规格如下页所列元音音标学习元音概述：元音是有噪音的语音.形成元音时,声带振动,气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时,不受到任何阻碍,没有可以听得到的摩擦声.英语里共有20个元音单元音1２个,双元音８个.•元音之间的差异,是由发音时各发音器官所采取的不同位置形成的.所谓“不同位置”,指的是舌头的高低与前后,牙床的开合程度,以及唇形的大小和圆扁.但其中决定的因素是舌头的位置：舌头是在口腔的前部、中部或者后部,决定所发的音是前元音、中元音还是后元音；舌身隆起的高度以及舌的哪一部分隆起最高,决定发出的元音是开口元音、半开元音、合口元音、还是半合元音.牙床开合的程度是由舌位的高低所决定的,而双唇的圆扁和大小对形成不同的元音也有相当的影响.因此,描述一个元音的发音部位,主要是描述它的舌位和唇形.Lesson1元音i:i:学习i:发这个音的字母和字母组合eeaeee:mebesheheweeveningee:sweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreenea:meatleafseapeateacheatclean根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词.1.seatrainbeancat2.giftfeetteacherd3.pigstartreejeep4.sweetseafishthei发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyay•i:pigfishinfifteensixshipthin•e:beginbehindjacketbasketball•y:happyheavybusylorrycarrysunny•lovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainy•ey:monkeymoney•ay:SundaySaturdayFriday根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词.•1.sofasitkicklip•2.inkgiftjamship•3.handpicturebigsister•4.hotlickpigjelly:发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorer:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld根据发音规则,圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词.1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeure:pictureer:teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina根据发音规则,找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleaderLesson2音标:u:u学习发这个音的字母和字母组合oao:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlonga:watch根据发音规则,找出发:的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirlu:发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouio:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontooui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrude根据发音规则,找出不发u:的单词.1.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatchu发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouo:womanwolf•oo:lookgoodbookfootwoodu:bullbullet•根据发音规则,选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词.1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname四.写出单词或音标.•bru:m d: sit b:d•fut wi: dg ′sist •lookdowatergood•toofootclockfirst •worksisterdoctorsea•五.将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来.•hot blu:•football huk •blue ki:shook futb:l kiss ht Lesson3音标a:Λe练习a:发这个音的字母和字母组合aarauear •a:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastar:carstararmMarchgardendarkscarf au:laughauntear:heart•根据发音规则,圈出发a:的2个单词. 1.armlipdoctorcard•2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger•4.joblorryMarchparkΛ发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooouo:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusou:touchcousincountry•根据发音规则,找出每组中发Λ的单词.1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:dadcapcatbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmap根据发音规则,找出每组中发的单词.1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapplee发这个音的字母和字母组合eeae:eggbelldesklegpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfast•根据发音规则,找出每组中不发e的单词.1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy音标a:Λe练习•一．抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•a:：Λ：•：e：____•二．选出下列没有相同发音的词.•1.cararmfoodgarden•2.truejumpbuscut•3.bagshortmapflag•4.eggpenheadsmall•5.gotclockbelldog•6.rabbitbookwoodfoot•7.ratbatappleten•8.gunstarduckmoneg•三.写出单词或音标.•pa:stru:mswetsit•f tgtcΛpsh:t•bagcarbusbreadstarhead•四.选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,有一种读音的在里画☆,有两种读音的画△,有三种的画◇•1.hatfastcooklast•2.jeepdoorsungum•3.dadcaphandmap•4.starcarcutfrom•5.skirtsheepbirdher•五.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词•like_________________交通工具•hat________________动物•lake________________食品•nice_______________数字•hot_________________用品•well_______________用品Lesson4元音音标eiaiiau练习ai发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuy•i:kitebikenicetigerwriteknife•y:bycryflymyskytrywhy•ie:tiepie•uy:buy•根据发音规则,找出每组中发ai的2个单词.•1.ricegoodjamright•2.shipmineice-creammouse•3.cloudsittieeye•4.writesmalltenniskitei发这个音的字母和字母组合oioy•oi:oilboilcoin•oy:boytoy根据发音规则,找出每组中发i的2个单词.1.soilhearsoycold2.rabbitbedboynoise3.walkvoiseboilword4.teaenjoytoymilkau发这个音的字母和字母组合ouowou:housemousemouthtrousersow:flowercowhownowdown•根据发音规则,选出不发au的单词. 1．mousecloudarmclown2.teachertrouserscowmouth3.towndanceflowerhouse4.towerblousenowbaby四.把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来•bowbau•gatepai•traygeit•pietrei•poisonpizn五.看图、填空、标号•h___t→s__n→e____s__r→•r__l____→c__k___→m____thLesson5元音音标uieu的练习u发这个音的字母和字母组合ooaowo:noserosepoenoveroa:boatcoatsoapgoatow:showwindowsnowbowl根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的2个单词. 1．coatgoattreeriver2.makewindowkniferoad3.yourwhiterowcoat4.boathennoselampi发这个音的字母和字母组合eareerear:earhearteareer:deerbeer根据发音规则,圈出每组中发i的1个单词.1.bearbeerfairtail2.noodlespairnearcome3.horseneartowerair4.ringkingherethreee发这个音的字母和字母组合airearair:hairchairpairear:pearbearwear根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词.1.bearideapineappletail2.noodlespairclimbcome3.horsehousetowerair4.ringkingharethreeu发这个音的字母和字母组合oorourureoor:poorour:tourure:surepure根据发音规则,圈出每组中发u的1个单词.1.cleartouristpineappletail2.noodlespairclimbfury3.beardcuretowerair4.voicekingpureengineer辅音爆破音：ptkbdg摩擦音：fvszθe破擦音：trdrtsdzt∫t3鼻辅音：mnη舌侧音：1出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音：擦音中气流较弱,摩擦较小,介于元音跟辅音之间的音wj •3∫•hrLesson6辅音音标pbtd练习p发这个音的字母和字母组合pppp:pianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstoppp:applehappy根据发音规则,圈出没有发p的单词.1.shipphonesleeppear2.pickpenbigpineapple3.taxiparrotsheeppig4.pandaponypettruckb发这个音的字母和字母组合bbbb:bookballbirdbigboybagbananabb:rubberrabbitcabbage根据发音规则,圈出发b的2个单词.1.cabgiftbeachlove2.petgodtubbed3.weatherboybusmake4.rabbitreaddressbabyt发这个音的字母和字母组合tttt:tableteataxicatratfatticketTt:buttermatter根据发音规则,圈出没有发t的1个单词.1.taxifatbagtoy2.hatticketteaduck3.pocketpacketcatraind发这个音的字母和字母组合dedd:duckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcolded:smiledopenedplayed根据发音规则,圈出没有发d的1个单词.1.bedclotheshand2.dogcoldfive3.danceduckgrape音标pbtd练习一．抄写音标,一个抄写5遍.•p：b：t：d：_______二.选出下列没有相同发音的词•1.pearshipcoatpig•2.taxibeancabcabbage•3.hatseaticketwallet•4.seeddancehandfull•5.pickpensitpineapple•6.coldfinddoorchair•7.clothpurplepoolpush•8.eatfanquietset三.写出单词或音标.•p ndkΛtdi:pklaud•applepearrabbitread四.改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词.•short→_____________衣物sea→_________________感官动词•pet→______________蔬菜ten→___________________动物Lesson7辅音音标kgsz学习g发这个音的字母和字母组合gggg:glassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflaggg:egg根据发音规则,圈出发g的单词.gasdrivegumgiveviolinbagjeansorangelogbridgeguesstankgradelonglanguages发这个音的字母和字母组合scssces:starsunsnakeseaseec:pencilcitycedarceilingcelebratess:grassglassclassbossce:faceracericenice根据发音规则,圈出每组中2个发s的单词.1.whosejuicelickstudent2.thosecasescarfshoes3.spacenosesciencemeat4.tearspiecebusnoseLesson8辅音音标∫3t∫d3练习3发这个音的字母和字母组合ss:television,usually,Asiameasureagarage,anunusualcollision;agreatdecision;mypleasure根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词.1.shellshipgaragedesk2.truckshirtpleasureship3.brushcasualsheepsleep4.heroshapeleisureshelft∫发这个音的字母和字母组合chtchch:teacherpeachcherrychairtch:watchmatch根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发t∫的单词,并抄下来. chairdumplingbeachcheesenightshemonkeyChinachurchtheseflowereggdreamsharkchickcatchLesson9音标fvθe的练习v发这个音的字母和字母组合vvev:videovasevestve:fiveloveviolin根据发音规则,在不发v的单词上打×violinmovevotewindowvanvolcanowhitewomanvictorywetwavevasee发这个音的字母和字母组合thth:fathermotherbrotherclothesweather根据发音规则,圈出每组中发e的1个单词. 1．thansisterbrotherthree2.weatherthanknightgood3.tielookteeththey4.thinfatherthroatwatchLesson10辅音音标tsdztrdr的练习dz发这个音的字母和字母组合dsdesds:seedswoodsfriendsbirdsbedsdes:rides根据发音规则,找出发dz的5个单词写在后面的横线上. coatshandscatskitesbedswordspetskidsseatshorsesandsgatestr发这个音的字母和字母组合trtr:treetrucktrousersstrawberrytrick根据发音规则,找出没有发tr的3个单词写在后面的横线上. seatstrucktraintrashtractordrinkstreetdrugtrousersdr发这个音的字母和字母组合drdr:drawdrinkdriverdragondry根据发音规则,找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上.1.dreamduckdressrain2.ratdraindrugdoor3.treetreasuredrawerdrink4.truckdragondishdrumLesson11辅音音标hrlm的练习r发这个音的字母和字母组合rrrwrr:riceroomrideroadroserr:mirrorcarrotparrotwr:writewrongwrap根据发音规则,选出发r的单词,打√.1.breaddriverwrongrainworker2.riverfatherrobotropesister3.writefruitrabbitcrowndruml发这个音的字母和字母组合lll•l:looklightlockluckyliontail•ll:ballpulldollartell根据发音规则,选出每组中不发l的单词.•mpnailflagwoman•2.yellowfruitlionlychee•3.grapebulllaughlake•4.dumplingmoonwheelwhaleLesson12音标nηwj的练习n发这个音的字母和字母组合nkngnn:nosenetnutbanananoodlestrainrainplanedownkn:kneeknifeknockgn:sign根据发音规则,找出发n的单词并抄下来.1.mirrorwheelyesknock2.mallhenlaughnut3.earringsplanewingbreadη发这个音的字母和字母组合nngn:inkbanktankfingerng:singhangsongkingreadingrunning根据发音规则,从下列每组中找出2个发η的单词. 1．netringfingermeat2.tennismouthsongswing3.dumplingwingrunnail4.hangswiminknotew发这个音的字母和字母组合w:winterwindowwatchwaterwellwouldwh:whitewherewhichwhenwhywheelwhale根据发音规则,选出每组中不发w音的1个单词.1.woodwritewheelwhich2.wheatsnowwetwoman3.whitewindownowwhy4.whalewaterwatchrowj发这个音的字母和字母组合yy:yo-yoyogurtyardyesyouyour根据发音规则,找出发j的单词写在下面横线上. cryyouyourskyyellowlorry moneyjellytoyboyyogurtsoy。
(完整版)英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
考点7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。
考点8.My parents wanted him work hard.
我父母亲想让他努力学习。
考点9.I remember saw him that day.
先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。
考点1.Get up early is good for our health.
早起有利于我们的身体健康。
考点2.I want go home now.我现在想回家。
考点3.My favorite sport is play football.
我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
Hehas hadbreakfast. (has是助动词，帮助构成现在完成时，(答疑qq 329950885)had是实义动词，意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does( ) helike( ) swimming?
ii.Hedoes( )like( ) swimming.
考点8.Shebeganworking as a teacher after sheleftschool.（）（）
考点9.When did theyleaveBeijing?（）
考点10.Theyleftlast week.（）
3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
conjconjunction连词
2.及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
英语句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)
系动词
• • • • be feel, look, sound, taste, smell, seem, appear, become, grow, get, turn, fall, go, come continue, remain, stay, keep
状语 - 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、
5种基本句型
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Her love died. She loved me. She gave me a kiss. She made me happy. She is lovable.
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语 和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
给下列短文划分句子成分。
宾语 –动作的承受者
• 动宾
– – – – – – – I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
•
介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
– Are you afraid of the snake? – Under the snow, there are many rocks.
•
双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
– He gave me a book yesterday. – Give the poor man some money.
(完整版)初中英语句子成分讲解_练习及答案
句子成分及基本句型一、考点、热点回顾【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
（一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如：（1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）（2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）（3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语）（4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语）（5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语）（二）谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语）We study hard. （行为动词作谓语）We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语）She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语）We often help him.（代词作宾语）He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语）We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。
（动名词短语作宾语）说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
英语句子成分句子结构讲解及练习含答案
英语句子成分与英语句子构造讲解及练习1主语〔subject〕: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. 〔名词〕He likes dancing. 〔代词〕Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. 〔动名词〕To see is to believe. 〔不定式〕What he needs is a book. 〔主语从句〕It is very clear that the elephant isround and tall like a tree. 〔It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕: 说明主语的动作、状态与特征。
We study English.He is asleep.表语〔predicative〕: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态与特征。
He is a teacher. 〔名词〕Seventy-four! You don’t look it.〔代词〕Five and five is ten. 〔数词〕He is asleep. 〔形容词〕His father is in. 〔副词〕The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost.〔形容词化的分词〕To wear a flower is to say “I’mpoor, I can’t buy a ring. 〔不定式〕The question is whether they willcome. 〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词有: be, sound〔听起来〕, look〔看起来〕, feel(摸起来，smell〔闻起来〕, taste〔尝、吃起来〕, remain第1 页〔保持，仍是〕, feel〔感觉〕 ...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.宾语：1〕动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. 〔名词〕He hates you. 〔代词〕How many do you need We need two. 〔数词〕We should help the old and thepoor.I enjoy working with you. 〔动名词〕I hope to see you again. 〔不定式〕Did you write down what he said〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词与动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snakeUnder the snow, there are manyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕与直宾〔指物〕He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分讲解
句子结构成份讲解及练习题主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。
它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。
如：我看书。
谁看书“我”。
“我”就是这句子的主语。
主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。
（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。
它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。
如上句中主语“我”干什么“看书”。
“看书”就是谓语。
一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。
再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。
如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。
谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。
句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。
谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。
如：还说上例。
谓语动词是“看”，看什么看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。
需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。
英语句子成分划分练习及答案
英语句子成分划分练习及答案一、主语划分练习1. The cat chased the mouse.答案：The cat2. My sister and I went shopping yesterday.答案：My sister and I3. The book on the table belongs to Mary.答案：The book on the table4. Running in the park is my favorite activity.答案：Running in the park5. The students are studying for their exams.答案：The students二、谓语划分练习1. Sarah plays the piano every day.答案：plays the piano every day2. They have been traveling around the world for a month. 答案：have been traveling around the world for a month3. The teacher is explaining the lesson to the students.答案：is explaining the lesson to the students4. The dog barked loudly all night.答案：barked loudly all night5. I will meet you at the cafe later.答案：will meet you at the cafe later三、宾语划分练习1. Peter bought a new car.答案：a new car2. He gave me a book as a present.答案：me a book3. We watched a movie last night.答案：a movie4. The teacher assigned us a project for next week. 答案：us a project5. She loves listening to music in her free time.答案：listening to music四、定语划分练习1. The red dress is my favorite.答案：The red dress2. I have a black cat.答案：a black cat3. The tall man is my father.答案：The tall man4. He lives in a small house.答案：a small house5. She is wearing a beautiful necklace. 答案：a beautiful necklace五、状语划分练习1. Sarah runs quickly.答案：quickly2. He studied hard for the test.答案：hard3. The train arrived late.答案：late4. We went to the beach yesterday.答案：yesterday5. They are going on vacation next month.答案：next month六、补语划分练习1. My father is a doctor.答案：a doctor2. They elected him president of the club.答案：president of the club3. She became a teacher after graduating from college. 答案：a teacher4. The film left me feeling sad.答案：feeling sad5. The cake smells delicious.答案：delicious七、同位语划分练习1. My mother, a kind woman, always helps others.答案：a kind woman2. John, the captain of the team, scored the winning goal. 答案：the captain of the team3. My favorite band, Coldplay, is coming to town.答案：Coldplay4. My sister, an excellent dancer, won the competition.答案：an excellent dancer5. My friend, a talented artist, painted this beautiful picture. 答案：a talented artist八、介词短语划分练习1. She went to the store with her sister.答案：to the store2. He sat on the chair next to the window.答案：on the chair next to the window3. They arrived at the park after lunch.答案：at the park4. The keys are on the table in the living room.答案：on the table in the living room5. We went for a walk along the beach.答案：for a walk along the beach以上是英语句子成分划分练习及答案。
(完整)英语句子结构分析及练习题
句子结构分析句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分：主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
主语的位置：一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here。
名词做主语She goes to school by bike。
代词做主语Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语The blind need more help。
名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语）放在句后。
It takes me an hour to get there.2、谓语表示人或事物(主语）的动作和存在的状态。
英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
分析下列句子的主语和谓语Mr。
Li teaches English.He can play the piano。
My parents and I are having dinner。
He studies very hard。
She likes speaking。
I can swim in the river.We don’t like math。
He doesn’t watch TV.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
一般由名词或者形容词担任。
表语的位置:用在动词be和系动词的后面。
凡是系动词(be 动词,感官动词等）出现的地方，后面必定带着表语名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
高中英语句子成分练习题及讲解
高中英语句子成分练习题及讲解1. 练习题：请分析下列句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
- 例句：The young man who is standing by the window is my brother.2. 讲解：- 主语（Subject）：句子的主要部分，通常表示执行动作的人或事物。
在例句中，主语是 "The young man"。
- 谓语（Predicate）：表示主语的动作或状态。
例句中的谓语是"is"。
- 宾语（Object）：接受动作的对象。
此例句中没有直接宾语，但可以认为 "my brother" 是间接宾语。
- 定语（Modifier）：修饰名词或代词的词或短语。
"who is standing by the window" 是一个定语从句，修饰 "The young man"。
- 状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、原因等。
例句中没有明显的状语。
- 补语（Complement）：补充说明主语或宾语的信息。
"my brother" 是主语 "The young man" 的补语。
3. 练习题：将下列句子翻译成中文，并指出其句子成分。
- 例句：She has finished her homework.4. 讲解：- 翻译：她已经完成了她的家庭作业。
- 主语："she"。
- 谓语："has finished"。
- 宾语："her homework"。
- 定语："her" 修饰 "homework"。
- 状语："already" 表示时间，是 "has finished" 的状语。
英语语法——句子成分及练习
5.Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词） 6.The rich should help the poor.
（名词化的形容词）
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词，名词） 5.He pretended not to see me.
（不定式短语）
6.I enjoy listening to popular music.
（动名词短语）
7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.
（六）宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以
外，还要有一个宾语补足语（Object Complement），才能使句子的意义完整。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动 词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名 词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短 语和从句充当。例如：
1.His father named him Dongming. （名词） 2.They painted their boat white. （形容词） 3.Let the fresh air in. （副词） 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. （不定式短语） 5.We saw her entering the room. （现在分词） 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. （介词短语） 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从句）
初中英语句子成分讲解及练习
主语
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另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语)
What I want to tell you is this.
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单击此处可添加副标题
从语法角度说，及物动词后面要接宾语 (介词后也有宾语) 。从意义上来说，宾语是动作的对象、目标。宾语是对谓语动词的进一步说明和解释。We often help him. （代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball. （不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. （动名词短语作宾语）
The kids are really interested in joining the chess club
定语
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。The black bike is mine.（形容词） What’s your name?（代词）They make paper flowers.（名词）
小练习
请找出下列句中的宾语补足语。He asked her to take the boy to the doctor’s. She found it difficult to finish the work today.We call her Lily sometimes.
英语高中句子成分练习题及讲解
英语高中句子成分练习题及讲解### English Sentence Structure Exercise for High School StudentsIn this exercise, we will explore the various components of English sentences. Understanding sentence structure iscrucial for effective communication in English. Let's begin with a brief overview of the main components of a sentence:1. Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.2. Predicate: What is said about the subject, usually containing a verb.3. Object: The receiver of the action, typically found in transitive verb sentences.4. Complement: Additional information that completes the meaning of the subject or object.5. Adverbial: Provides information about time, place, manner, etc.Now, let's dive into the exercises.#### Exercise 1: Identify the SubjectFor each sentence, underline the subject.1. The cat slept on the mat.2. She quickly finished her homework.3. The sun rises in the east.#### Exercise 2: Identify the PredicateCircle the predicate in each sentence.1. The children are playing outside.2. The flowers in the garden smell sweet.3. He has been studying for hours.#### Exercise 3: Identify the ObjectUnderline the object of the verb in the following sentences.1. She gave him a gift.2. The teacher explained the lesson to the class.3. They found the lost dog in the park.#### Exercise 4: Identify the ComplementUnderline the complement in the following sentences.1. The cake tastes delicious.2. He became a successful lawyer.3. She felt exhausted after the long journey.#### Exercise 5: Identify the AdverbialCircle the adverbial in each sentence.1. The concert starts at 8 PM.2. She sings beautifully.3. They will travel to France next summer.#### Exercise 6: Constructing SentencesUsing the given words, create sentences and identify thecomponents.1. (Subject: The dog, Predicate: barked, Adverbial: at the mailman)- The dog barked at the mailman.2. (Subject: We, Predicate: will go, Adverbial: to the beach, Complement: tomorrow)- We will go to the beach tomorrow.3. (Subject: The students, Predicate: are listening, Object: attentively, Complement: to the lecture)- The students are listening attentively to the lecture.#### Explanation of Answers- In Exercise 1, the subjects are "The cat," "She," and "The sun."- In Exercise 2, the predicates are "slept on the mat," "quickly finished her homework," and "rises in the east."- In Exercise 3, the objects are "a gift," "the lesson," and "the lost dog."- In Exercise 4, the complements are "delicious," "a successful lawyer," and "exhausted."- In Exercise 5, the adverbials are "at 8 PM," "beautifully," and "next summer."- In Exercise 6, the sentences are constructed with the given components, and the components are identified accordingly.Remember, practice makes perfect. Keep working on these exercises to improve your understanding of English sentence structure. Happy learning!。
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1. 主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。
可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），动名词（短语），数词(短语)，非谓语动词（to do/ doing), 主语从句充当。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词）Five and four is nine. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词）]To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2. 谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。
We study English.!He is asleep.The police will look into the case.（复合谓语）The earth moves around the sun.He is cooking in the kitchen.She called me last night.Tom can swim.3. 表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
可以又名词(短语)，代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非谓语动词和从句充当。
—He is a teacher. （名词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）Her dream is to be a lawyer.（不定式）—The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有全系动词be; 表感官的系动词sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）; 表保持的系动词remain （保持，仍是）, keep, stay; 表变化的系动词turn, get, become, go; 表终止的系动词turn out(结果是，被证明是)，prove被证明是。
It sounds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.<Trees turn green in spring.Her plan turns out a success.4. 宾语：可以由名词(短语)，代词(短语)，数词(短语)，动名词(doing), 不定式(to do)和宾语从句充当。
1）动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）We need two. （数词）.We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said （宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake.Under the snow, there are many rocks.)Upon finishing his studies, he started traveling in China.He spent five dollars on this book.She goes to school on foot.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.Please show me your ticket.`My father bought me a new computer.常见的双宾语及物动词：give, show, teach, lend, send, tell, buy等。
5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式(to do)，现在分词(doing)，过去分词(done)充当。
We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）We will make them happy. （形容词）?We found nobody in. (副词)Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充。
￥(注：主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语)He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
可以由名词，代词，数词，形容词，副词（短语），介词短语，现在分词，过去分词，不定式和定语从句充当。
Tom is a chemistry teacher.（名词）He is our friend. （代词）`We belong to the third world. （数词）He wants to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）:8.状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或者句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
可以由形容词，名词，副词，介词短语和句子充当。
I will go there tomorrow. (there地点状语; tomorrow时间状语)The meeting will be held in the meeting room.(地点状语)The meat went bad because of the hot weather.（原因状语）He studies hard to learn English well.（hard程度状语；to learn...目的状语）He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.（hard程度状语; so that结果状语）I like some of you very much.（程度状语）！If you study hard, you will pass the exam.（条件状语）He goes to school by bike.（方式状语）Though he is young, he can do it well.（让步状语）9. 同位语(apposition)：补充说明或解释其前面的名词或代词。
可以由名词(短语)，反身代词和从句充当。
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. （名词）Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.（名词）He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor. （反身代词）;I myself agree to the plan.（反身代词）The news that he won the match excited his parents.（从句）Word has come that more high school graduate will be admitted into college.（从句）综合练习（一）找出下列句子的主语，同时判断其结构：1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.#2. We often speak English in class.3. One-third of the students in this class are girls.4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5. Smoking does harm to the health.6. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.7.To teach his a lesson seems quite necessary.8.It is important for us to have our dreams.9.It is obvious that he was wrong.'10.That he won the prize exited everyone.（二）找出下列句子的谓语，同时判断其结构：1. He practices running every morning.2. You may keep the book for two weeks.3.He has caught a bad cold.4. We are students.5.You ought to work harder.~6. Tom lost his watch yesterday.（三）找出下列句子的表语，同时判断其结构：1. Our teacher of English is an American.2. The weather has turned cold.3. The food tastes good.4. She looked sad after hearing the news.5. The truth is that he has never been abroad.、6.The whole class got exited at the good news.（四）找出下列句子的宾语，同时判断其结构：1. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.2. Tom likes swimming.3. He pretended not to see me.4. I think（that）he is fit for his office.5.I find it impossible to believe him any longer.$6.They believe it strange that he should have done that.（五）找出下列句子的宾语补足语，同时判断其结构：1. His father named him John.2. They painted their boat white.3. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.4. We found everything in the lab in good order.5. I saw him enter the library.…6. Don’t leave the water running.7. I found him out last night.（六）找出下列句子的定语，同时判断其结构：1. Guilin is a beautiful city.2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country.3. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.4. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.5. He is reading an article about how to learn English.6.He is the man who saved your life.（七）找出下列句子的状语，同时判断其结构：1. Light travels most quickly.2. He has lived in the city for ten years.3. He is in the room making a model plane.4. Once you begin, you must continue.￥5.He did his homework carefully at home.6.Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper.7.He lost his job due to his lack of patience.8.Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life.(八）下列句子的同位语，同时判断其结构。