现在分词的用法

1）现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。

A)现在分词的一般式：doing

表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。

如：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.

She smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。)

她闻到有东西烧焦了。

She sat on the chair, reading a novel.

B)现在分词的完成式：having done

表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest.

Not having received his letter, we all felt worried.

2)现在分词的语态：

现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。反之，用被动。

如：Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV.

I knew the man sitting under the tree.(the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。)

I found the car being washed.

3)现在分词的逻辑主语：

A)如果分词在句子作定语，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。

如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳

a running boy=a boy who is running

B)如果分词在句子作表语，其逻辑主语通常就是句中的主语。

如：The story was interesting.

The match is exciting.

C)如果分词在句子作宾语补语，其逻辑主语就是句中的宾语。

如：He kept the boy singing.

I found his playing on the playground.

D)如果分词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。

如：Walking on the road, he was whistling.

他一边走路，一边吹着口哨。

Not knowing what to do.

His uncle died,leaving him a lot of money.

注意：分词作状语时，有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。此时，分词需要自带逻辑主语。其形式为“名词/代词+现在分词”，构成独立分词结构。也可在名词前加上介词with或without。

如：(With)his wife cooking in the kitchen, he was reading in the living room.

a waste of time

no good/no use

It +be+ little/hardly any use + V-ing分词

not/hardly worth

worth/worthwhile

如：It's no use complaining.

It's no good smoking a lot.

It's a waste of time doing such a thing.

no

no sense in（没有道理）

There +be+ no point in（毫无意义）+V-ing分词no use in

Nothing worse than(没有比...更糟糕的)

如：There was no knowing what he was doing.

There is no point (in) doing so.这么做，毫无意义。

经常跟在it +be后面的形容词，然后接动名词作实际主语的形容词还有：

Odd古怪的Crazy疯狂的Hopeless无望的Nice

Funny好笑的Foolish愚蠢的interesting Tiring累人的better terrible Enjoyable愉快的Pointless无意义的

如：

Excuse me interrupting you.

I enjoy reading newspapers.

I suggest you should practise speaking English every morning.

注意：有一类动词后即可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟-ing分词作宾语。可以把这类动词分为三种类型：1）两种形式意义基本相同。2）两种形式略有差别。3）意义完全不同。

A）两种形式意义基本相同的动词有：attempt, begin, cease(停止), continue, intend, start, commence(开始).

如：She started to cry/crying.

What do you intend to do/doing next?你打算接下来做什么？

He continued to work/working.

B)两种形式意义略有差别的动词主要有：hate, like, dislike, love, prefer等。

如：I like playing basketball.

I hate to trouble you.

I prefer to go for a walk.

I prefer singing songs.

C)后跟不定式和-ing分词时，意义完全不同的动词有：remember, forget, regret., try, mean, chance(碰巧),cannot help...等。它们后面跟不定式表示动作还未发生，而跟现在分词表示动作已经发生。

如：I regret to do this thing.

I regret doing such a thing.

Mean to do 表示打算，意欲做某事：而mean doing表示“意味着，意思是”