研究生英语课程论文
2024研究生英语推荐作文模板
2024研究生英语推荐作文模板As a prospective graduate student applying for a master's program in English, I am writing to express my strong interest in pursuing further studies in this field. With a solid foundation in English language and literature, as well as a passion for academic research, I am confident that I have the necessary skills and dedication to excel in a graduate program.First and foremost, my undergraduate studies have provided me with a comprehensive understanding of English language and literature. I have completed courses in English grammar, composition, and literary analysis, which have equipped me with the essential knowledge and skills to engage in advanced academic work. Additionally, I have developed a strong proficiency in critical thinking and analytical writing, which are crucial for success in a graduate program.Furthermore, my academic achievements and extracurricular activities demonstrate my commitment to pursuing a career in English studies. I have consistently achieved high grades in my English courses, and I have actively participated in literary clubs and writing workshops to further cultivate my passion for the subject. Moreover, I have completed an independent research project on a topic in English literature, which has allowed me to develop my research skills and contribute new insights to the field.In addition to my academic qualifications, I believe that my personal qualities make me a strong candidate for a graduate program in English. I am highly motivated, disciplined, and dedicated to my studies, and I am eager to engage in rigorous academic work at the graduate level. I am also a strong communicator and collaborator, which will enable me to actively participate in academic discussions and contribute to the scholarly community.In conclusion, I am confident that my academic background, research experience, and personal qualities make me a strong candidate for a graduate program in English. I am eager to further develop my expertise in this field and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in English studies. I am committed to pursuing a career in academia, and Iam confident that a graduate program will provide me with the necessary training and mentorship to achieve my goals. Thank you for considering my application, and I look forward to the opportunity to contribute to the academic community at your institution.。
研究生英语学习策略调查论文
研究生英语学习策略调查【摘要】根据二语习得研究模式,学习者个体差异和各种情景条件一起决定着学习策略的使用。
本项研究通过问卷从性别差异的角度来调查英语学习策略的使用情况并做了相关的解释。
【关键词】学习策略,个体差异,研究生一、研究设计本项调查对象为湖北大学252名研究生,男性116名,女性136-名,年龄从22岁到31岁,所有研究生都通过了大学英语六级考试。
调查使用文秋芳编制的关于学习策略的问卷,该问卷拥有很高的信度和效度,而且内部一致性非常高。
问卷共有42个项目,1--10管理策略:11-23形式操练策略124--38功能操练策略}39-42是母语策略。
spss被来进行数据处理,主要进行两方面的分析:学习策略的使用情况;性别差异对学习策略的影响。
二、调查结果及分析2.1 学习策略的使用。
调查显示,研究生学习策略的整体使用频率并不高(m=2.8459),其中管理策略(m=3.03)的使用最为频繁,其次是形式操练策略(m=3.01)和母语策略(m=2.77),而功能操练策略(m=2.59)的使用最少。
表1说明,s7“根据不同水平选择适合自己的学习材料”和s6“根据不同任务选择不同学习方法和技巧”是管理策略(m=3.03)中分数最高的两项,表明研究生较多的使用这两种学习策略。
而s2,s10是得分较低的两项,说明研究生不太使用下面的学习策略:例如“为了有足够的时间学习英语,我很好地安排自己的工作与学习日程”,“我对如何改进自己的英语学习有明确的要求和计划”。
这看上去似乎不可思议,难道研究生不会合理安排自己的学习计划?这不是和他们英语成绩自相矛盾吗?如果我们仔细思考,或许可以从另外一个角度来看待这种差别。
如我们在问卷中了解的一样,研究生的学习动机主要来自外部激励,当他们的英语成绩达到外部要求时,比如说通过英语六级考试后,那些推动他们进行英语学习的动力就会慢慢消退,因为六级证书会给他们将来找工作提供很强的砝码,对他们来说英语学习似乎就已经结束了,而他们接下来学习英语的目的就是使自己的英语水平保持在找工作所需要的最低限度之上。
研究生学位英语作文范文
研究生学位英语作文范文引言研究生学位英语考试是为了衡量研究生们在英语语言运用方面的能力以及他们在学术写作上的表达能力。
在这个考试中，写作部分通常是较为重要的一部分。
为了帮助研究生们更好地准备这一部分，以下是一篇范文，旨在展示一个合格的研究生学位英语作文的写作风格和结构。
范文The Importance of International Cooperation in Scientific ResearchIn today’s globalized world, international cooperation in scientific research plays a vital role in advancing knowledge and addressing complex problems. With rapid advancements in science and technology, no single country possesses the capacity to tackle all challenges and make groundbreaking discoveries by itself. Therefore, fostering international cooperation in scientific research is paramount.First and foremost, international cooperation allows researchers from different countries and cultures to pool their expertise and resources, leading to more comprehensive and robust research outcomes. Collaborative research projects benefit from diverse perspectives, methodologies, and data sources. By working together, scientists can leverage their unique strengths and overcome limitations, leading to more accurate results and innovative breakthroughs. For example, the discovery of the Higgs boson particle at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) was a remarkable achievement made possible through the collaboration of thousands of scientists from around the world.Furthermore, international collaboration promotes knowledge sharing and exchange, enabling scientists to stay updated with the latest research developments in their fields. Through joint research projects, conferences, and workshops, researchers have the opportunity to network and learn from their international counterparts. This exchange of ideas and expertise nurtures creativity and fosters interdisciplinary research, which often leads to unexpected discoveries. Additionally, shared research findings can be disseminated globally, accelerating scientific progress and benefitting humanity as a whole.In addition to advancing knowledge, international cooperation in scientific research also fosters diplomatic relations between countries. Joint research projects can serve as bridges to build trust and mutual understanding among nations. When scientists from different countries work together towards common goals, they not only contribute to scientific advancements but also foster cultural exchange and goodwill. These connections formed through international cooperation can lay thefoundation for future collaborations in various sectors, including trade, politics, and education.Nevertheless, there may be challenges and obstacles in promoting international cooperation in scientific research. Language barriers, for instance, can hinder effective communication among researchers. In such cases, translation services and language support should be provided to ensure smooth collaboration. Additionally, different research practices, regulatory frameworks, and intellectual property rights may vary across countries, leading to potential legal and ethical issues. To address these challenges, international agreements and guidelines must be established, ensuring that all parties involved are protected and that research is conducted in an ethical and responsible manner.In conclusion, international cooperation in scientific research is of utmost importance in today’s interconnected world. Through collaborat ion, researchers can combine their expertise and resources, leading to more comprehensive research outcomes. International cooperation also enhances knowledge sharing, fosters diplomatic relations, and paves the way for future collaborations. As scientists continue to tackle complex global challenges, fostering international cooperation will be crucial in achieving groundbreaking discoveries and ensuring a better future for humanity.上述范文展示了一个合格的研究生学位英语作文的写作风格和结构。
研究生英语科技论文写作
科 技 论 文 撰 写 格 式
实例1： 一种适合硬件实现的高效算术编码
摘要：本文提出了利用查找来实现二值算术编码，避免乘 除法运算，可以简化硬件设计，该算法具有较小的概率逼 近误差，因此性能退化较小。 Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new implementation of multiplication---free binary arithmetic coding by use of table lookup which reduce the complexity of hardware design. The scheme can be shown to have better Approximation of the used probability model and to have Minor performance degradation.
科 技 论 文 撰 写 格 式
4. Abstract “an abstract comprises a one paragraph summary of the whole paper. “ Abstracts have become increasingly important, as electronic publication databases are the primary means of finding research reports in a certain subject area today .
科 技 论 文 撰 写 格 式
there are some things that should not be included in an abstract:
Information and conclusions not stated in the paper
研究生英语范文
研究生英语范文The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal Relationships。
With the rapid development of technology, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. It has significantly impacted the way we communicate and interact with others, especially in terms of interpersonal relationships. In this essay, we will explore the various ways in which social media has influenced our interpersonal relationships, both positively and negatively.To begin with, social media has made it easier for people to connect with one another, regardless of geographical barriers. Through platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, individuals can stay in touch with friends and family members who live far away. This has undoubtedly strengthened many long-distance relationships and has allowed people to maintain meaningful connections that would have been difficult to sustain in the past.Furthermore, social media has also provided a platform for individuals to meet new people and expand their social circles. Dating apps such as Tinder and Bumble have made it easier for people to find potential romantic partners, while platforms like Meetup have facilitated the formation of new friendships based on shared interests. This has ledto the diversification of social networks and has allowed individuals to connect with others who they may not have had the opportunity to meet otherwise.However, while social media has undoubtedly brought about many positive changes in the way we form and maintain interpersonal relationships, it has also had some negative impacts. One of the most significant drawbacks of social media is its potential to create feelings of jealousy and inadequacy. Many individuals use social media to showcase the highlights of their lives, such as vacations, achievements, and happy moments. This can lead others to compare their own lives unfavorably and can result in feelings of envy and low self-esteem.Moreover, social media has also been linked to a decrease in the quality of face-to-face interactions. With the rise of online communication, many people have become accustomed to expressing themselves through text rather than in person. This has led to a decline in the development of strong communication and social skills, as well as a decrease in the ability to empathize and connect with others on a deeper level.In conclusion, social media has had a profound impact on interpersonal relationships, both positively and negatively. While it has made it easier for individuals to connect with others and expand their social circles, it has also led to feelings of jealousy and inadequacy, as well as a decline in the quality of face-to-face interactions. It is important for individuals to be mindful of the ways in which they use social media and to strive for a healthy balance between online and offline interactions. Only by doing so can we fully harness the benefits of social media while mitigating its negative effects on our interpersonal relationships.。
研究生英语小作文范文
研究生英语小作文范文As a graduate student, it is essential to haveexcellent writing skills in English. Writing is anessential part of academic research, and it is often used to communicate ideas, findings, and results. Therefore, it is crucial to master the art of writing in English. In this essay, I will discuss a sample graduate student English writing and provide an analysis of its structure, content, and language use.The sample graduate student English writing is a research paper titled "The Impact of Social Media on Youth: A Case Study of Instagram." The paper aims to explore the impact of Instagram on the youth and how it affects their mental health, self-esteem, and social relationships. The paper is structured in a typical research paper format, with an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.The introduction provides background information on thetopic and highlights the significance of the study. The author begins by defining social media and its prevalence among the youth. The author then proceeds to discuss the impact of social media on the youth and how it has become a growing concern in society. The introduction ends with the research question and the purpose of the study.The literature review provides an overview of the existing research on the impact of social media on the youth. The author reviews various studies and identifies the gaps in the literature. The literature review also highlights the theoretical framework used in the study and how it relates to the research question.The methodology section describes the research design, participants, and data collection procedures. The author explains the sampling method used and the criteria for selecting participants. The author also describes the data collection instruments used, which include a questionnaire and interviews. The methodology section ends with a discussion of the data analysis procedures.The results section presents the findings of the study. The author provides descriptive statistics and presents the results in tables and graphs. The results show that Instagram has a significant impact on the youth's mental health, self-esteem, and social relationships.The discussion section interprets the results and relates them to the research question. The author discusses the implications of the findings and how they contribute to the existing literature. The author also identifies the limitations of the study and suggests areas for future research.The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the study and restates the research question. The author concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing the impact of social media on the youth and the need forfurther research in this area.Overall, the sample graduate student English writing is well-structured, and the content is well-researched and informative. The author uses appropriate language andterminology, and the writing is clear and concise. Thepaper demonstrates the author's ability to conduct research, analyze data, and communicate findings effectively. As a graduate student, I can learn a lot from this paper and use it as a model for my own research and writing.。
英语专业研究生论文心理语言学（全英文）
The Analysis of Reading Model Based on PsycholingisticsAbstractThis essay aims at discussing the reader‟s reading models. Two important theories about reading models from aspect of psycholinguistics are reviewed. Goodman‟s model and Schema Theory. And the important role of these two theories in reading teaching and learning.Key words: reading model; top-down, and bottom-up; Goodman‟s model ; schema theory ; Schemata1. IntroductionReading is one of the important elements in skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing, no matter whether you are a English major or not, reading is very difficult for some students to do. Where is the problem? For the sake, it is that we are not know the nature of reading throughly. We often have a feeling that we don't know the main idea after reading whole passage and no one knows how reading works. This essay will solve the problem.How is knowledge represented and organized in the mind? What role does it play in discourse comprehension and interpretation? What are the exact mechanisms whereby knowledge-based processes are utilised in comprehension? These are questions that have puzzled psycholinguists and cognitive psychologists for years. Despite major developments in the field of second language (L2) reading over the last two decades, many attempts at explaining the role of knowledge in L2 comprehension have been made almost exclusively in the context of schema theory, a perspective that provides an expectation-driven conception of the role of knowledge and considers that preexisting knowledge provides the main guiding context through which information is processed and interpreted. In this article, I first review and critically analyze the major assumptions underlying schema theory and the processes that it postulates underlie knowledge representation and comprehension. Then I consider an alternative perspective, a construction-integration model of discourse comprehension, and discuss how this perspective, when applied to L2 reading comprehension, offers a fundamentally different and more detailed account of the role of knowledge and knowledge-based processes that L2 researchers had previously tried to explain within schema-theoretic principles.Reading basically involves transforming a text, which is a graphic representation, into thought, or meaning. It used to be thought that this was simply a matter of combining letters into words, words into sentences and sentences into meanings.However, over the last thirty years, psychologists and linguists, using a variety of experimental techniques, have discovered that things are much more complex.Several models of the reading process have been put forward to account for the experimental findings.A key element in explaining reading is the amount to which what the brain already knows affects perception of what is being read (top-down processing). This idea was initially thought to be in contrast to earlier ideas that reading was a linear progression from page to understanding (bottom-up processing), but newer research seems to indicate that both elements play important parts in reading.2. Literature rew ReviewFrom 1970s, a lot of scholars have researched about the reading process, and put forward their own reading model, here I emphasis two more influential model : Goodman‟s model and Schema Theory.2.1 Goodman's modelAccording to Kenneth Goodman (1967), reading is a psycholinguistic process in which the reader, guided by (he knowledge of the language being read, reconstructs an encoded message by selecting synactic and semantic cues as he proceeds. To read in a foreign language, we use basically the same method, even though native language interference and unfamiliarity with thecode make the process much more complex. Foreign students consider vocabulary their most serious handicap in reading English; because of the nature of the reading process, words are the smallest physical meaningful units of the message and they play a more important role and constitute more of a problem than we are sometimes willing to concede. Current pedagogical approaches to dealing with this problem could be modified with a more accurate understanding of the reading process. Several specific suggestions are made.In the early 1960s Kenneth S. Goodman began studying the reading of authentic texts by urban and rural young people. His earliest miscue research, published in 1965, is probably the most widely replicated study in reading research history. But it was his article, "Reading: a Psycholinguistic Guessing Game" (1967), that began a revolution moving away from a view of reading as rapid accurate sequential word recognition to an understanding of reading as a process of constructing meaning - making sense - of print. That research is part of the basis for the whole language movement and disagreements over his conclusions about the nature of reading fuel the current "reading wars." (Stenhouse Publishers, 2003)Goodman defined reading as: “a recepti ve psycholinguistic process wherein the actor uses strategies to create meaning from text” (Goodman, 1988). Basically, the study of reading looks at translating a linguistic surface representation (text) into thought. Goodman based much of his theory on analysing miscues (mistakes) in texts being read-aloud. He believed that efficient readers minimize dependence on visual detail, but focused his theories on the interactions of reader and text. Basic physical sensory information (the physiological process) is cycled into deeper levels of cognitive processes.Cycles–readers move from text to understanding through cycles of deeper processing, moving from optical, to perceptual, to syntactic, to meaningCognitive Processes of the brain used in reading are:1).Recognition / initiation – the brain must recognise text and initiate reading2).Prediction – anticipates and predicts as it seeks order and significance of input3).Confirmation – verification of predictions or disconfirmation4)Correction – reprocessing when it finds inconsistencies or disconfirmations5).Termination – formal ending of reading actGoodman treats these processes as sequential, whereas later models may notThis limited view, however, was still an improvement upon Noam Chomsky‟s…generative grammar‟, which lacked explanation of top-down processing. Goodman also promoted the use of …natural texts‟, believing that language must be studied in context. This f ollows from his postulated three sources of linguistic information: symbols (characters), language structure (syntax), and semantic (meaning).2.2 Schema TheoryRumelhart helped dev elop the field of cognitive science in the 1970‟s with his work on long term memory and semantic mapping in the mind. He improved upon Goodman‟s model by creating a non-sequential model that relies heavily on the use of schemata and top-down processing for explaining understanding.Schemata:“[can delineate] in a general manner, without limitation to any single determinate figure as experience, or any possible image that I can represent in concreto” (Kant, 1781).“abstract structure of information” (Anders on, 1984)“meanings [encoded] in memory in terms of the typical or normal situations or events that instantiate the concept” (Rumelhart, 1980)Instantiations:A schema filled in with default values is called a prototype.Whereas a schema is an organized abstract framework of objects and relations, a prototype consists of a specified set of expectations. A prototype is a highly typical instantiation or instance of a schema (Langacker, 1987). If the instantiation (example) matches our schema (idea), we comprehend. If understanding does not occur, we can infer that the text does not have enough clues, or that the reader does not have the appropriate schema. Learning involves creating or changing schemata through:accretion – filling in variables in general and specific schematatuning – changing the constraints on one variablerestructuring –building new schemata based off old modelsThere is room for flux in a perceived schema, as variables can compensate for missing or altered factors. However, pre-reading to activate a schema may not really help because schemata are still relatively fixed and solid, especially in common or familiar areas. Quick introductions may not undo years of solidifying schemata.We can therefore think of schemata in terms of our:Play schemata: with a script (schema) that is interpreted (instantiations)Theory schemata: a predictable and useful reality is represented and continually recreated by the sum of our schemata Procedure schemata: with (limitless?) subsets of meanings and processesParse schemata: they determine how “legal” a situation is (whether it fits with meaning)Though schema theory would seem to explain only top-down and internal processing, it also operates at lower levels, using …feature-detectors‟ that confirm attributes to interpret sensory data. These sensory schemata then activate higher and higher level schemata, eliminating erroneous possibilities, and narrowing understanding to the appropriate meaning.3. Question and MethodAfter above discussion, we may have the questions that how to teach reading and how to balance these reading modelsThe balance between top-down, and bottom-up processing, though identified as complimentary, is still somewhat nebulous. Therefore, much of the recommended teaching practice based on these theories still centre around exercises that isolate and improve top-down and bottom-up skills. Patricia Carrell (1987) has categorised some such exercises: Bottom-Up Exercises:Grammatical Skills - basic grammar awareness will, of course, help in reading comprehension, but decoding skills should also include learning cohesive devices (substitution, elipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion)V ocabulary Development - with the introduction of schema theory, vocabulary acquisition is now seen to involve deeper understanding of words and their contexts, and should thus be taught with an eye to quality, not quantity of learned words.T op-Down Exercises:Schema Activation - by building background knowledge, we can increase students' understanding of texts. Cultural and experiential knowledge gaps can create the impression of a language barrier, when it is simply that the student lacks the appropriate schema. Pre-reading exercises, realia in the classroom, bit-by-bit exposure to text, visual representations, semantic mapping, sub/superordinating, and comparisons with previous knowledge are all ways to create understanding of the concept before the language. For specific approaches, see also: The Language Experience Approach (Hall, 1981; Stauffer, 1980)Extending Concepts Through Language Activities (Smith-Burke, 1980)Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (Stauffer, 1980)The Experience-Text-Relationship Method (Au, 1979)The Pre-Reading Plan (Langer, 1980)The Survey-Question-Read-Recite-Review Method (Robinson, 1941)See also Barnitz (1985), and Teaching Reading for a summary of each methodReferemces/strategies/strat_4PReP.pdf - Literacy Strategy/reading/ - Teaching Reading/~eric_rec/ieo/bibs/whole.html - Whole Language Reading Instruction /NCLE/DIGESTS/LANG_EXPER.HTML - ERIC Digest/inmandw/review/ml/index.html - Reference Reviews on Machine Learning, Stenhouse Publishers “About the Authors” (1997-2003)Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1989) The Psychology of Reading. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Goodman, Kenneth S. (1988) in Carrell et al. Interactive Approaches to L2 Reading Cambridge, CUPGoodman, Kenneth S. Reading a psycholiguistic guessing game [J]. Journal of the Reading Specialist. 1967.Goodman, Kenneth S . The reading Proces[M]. Shanghai: Foreign Language Educatioln Press , 2000.Rumelhart D. E. 1977. Toward an interacti ve modelof reading. IN AttenRumelhart D. E. Understanding and Summarizing brief Stories [M]. Hillsdal. N. J. Eribaum.1977. Rumelhart D. E. Schemata: the Building Blocks of Congniition[M]. Hillsdal. N. J. Eribaum.1980.。
研究生英语论文写作
(2) All the experiments draw on the observations made during the First Global GARP Experiment (FGGE) of 1979, when an intensive international effort acquired as complete a set of global observations as was ever made before or since, in each set of experiments, forecasts were made drawing on all of the observing systems available----satellite temperatures, satellite cloud-track winds, winds and temperatures from commercial aircraft, surface observations (land and ship), and balloon observations. Then new sets of forecasts drew on this maximum system with one or more observing systems deleted from it. -----―Weather Satellites Coming of Age‖, Science, Vol.229. 1. Complexity Written language is relatively more complex than spoken language. Written texts are lexically dense compared to spoken languagethey have proportionately more lexical words than grammatical words. Writ-ten texts are shorter and have longer, more complex words and phrases. They have more noun-based phrases, more nominalizations, and more lexical variation. Written language is grammatically more complex than spoken language. It has more subordinate clauses, more ―that/to‖ complement clauses, more long sequences of prepositional phrases, more attributive adjectives and more passives than spoken language. 1.2.2 Formality Academic writing is relatively formal. Formal writing doesn‘t use contractions, or colloquialisms and slang. In general this means that in an essay you should avoid colloquial words and expressions.
研究生英语作文模版
研究生英语作文模版Graduate English Writing Template。
Introduction:In recent years, with the rapid development of society, the importance of postgraduate education has become increasingly prominent. It is widely recognized that postgraduate education is an essential step for students to enhance their academic abilities and improve their career prospects. In this essay, I will discuss the significance of postgraduate education and the reasons why I decided to pursue a master's degree.Body:Firstly, postgraduate education provides students with advanced knowledge and skills in their chosen field. During the course of study, students can deepen their understanding of the subject and acquire professionalskills that are highly valued in the job market. This can help them to stand out from the competition and increase their chances of success in their future careers.Secondly, postgraduate education can broaden students' horizons and expose them to new ideas and perspectives. Through interaction with professors and fellow students, students can gain a deeper understanding of different cultures and ways of thinking. This can help them to become more open-minded and adaptable, which is essential intoday's globalized world.Finally, pursuing a master's degree can also lead to personal growth and development. Graduate students are often required to conduct independent research and think critically about complex issues. This can help them to develop their analytical and problem-solving skills, as well as their ability to work independently and managetheir time effectively.Conclusion:In conclusion, postgraduate education is a valuable investment for students who want to enhance their academic abilities and career prospects. Through advanced knowledge and skills, exposure to new ideas and perspectives, and personal growth and development, students can prepare themselves for success in their future careers. As for me, I decided to pursue a master's degree in order to deepen my understanding of my chosen field, gain new skills and perspectives, and develop my personal and professional potential.。
满分作文英语研究生
满分作文英语研究生English: Pursuing a postgraduate degree in English not only provides me with the opportunity to delve deeper into my passion for literature and language, but also equips me with valuable skills and knowledge that are essential for my future career. Through rigorous academic research, critical analysis, and intellectual discussions, I aim to enhance my understanding of literary works, cultural contexts, and language theories. Moreover, a graduate degree in English will strengthen my writing abilities, communication skills, and analytical thinking, which are transferable and highly valued in various professional fields. I believe that the advanced education and training in English literature will not only broaden my perspectives but also help me become a more versatile and competitive candidate in the job market. Ultimately, I am confident that pursuing a postgraduate degree in English will not only fulfill my intellectual curiosity but also provide me with the necessary tools and expertise to excel in my chosen career path.中文翻译: 在英语研究生学位上深造不仅让我有机会深入研究我对文学和语言的热情，还为我提供了未来职业所必需的宝贵技能和知识。
研究生英语学术论文写作课件
working bibliography, notes, outlines, and drafts;
and avoiding plagiarism
h
3
1.1 Selecting a topic.
(1) Following Personal Interest
(2) Remember the time allotted to you and the expected length of the research paper.
(3) consult library materials and other information resources .
(4) Look for a subject or an issue that will
continue to engage you throughout research
and writing.
Chapter 1 Research and Writing
Describe the first steps in a scholarly project:
choosing a topic; using a library and the Internet;
evaluating electronic sources; producing a
of the subject.
h
2
III. Target of this course
This course cannot present all the profitable ways of doing research. It emphasizes the mechanics of preparing effective papers.
研究生论文英文摘要范文
文章摘要中译英reading style of readers changed a lot in the recent years ,which require the library should change their working mode 。
the most important change is that the arise and fast increasing of the digital reading books,and portable reading style , the spread of the audio and video reading materials 。
this text is to describe the background and the changing trend of these reading style 。
at last ,we got the conclusion that the libraries should change their working mode to adapt the demand of development,and issue the advice to how to do the transition well 。
毕业论文,摘要的英文翻译！！急求！！从李镇西充满自由精神、平等精神和创新精神的语文课堂看，李镇西的语文课堂教学实践充分体现了其独具特色的语文民主教育思想。
Given the Chinese language lectures conducted by Li Zhenxi are fully inspired by the spirit of liberty, equality and creativity, it is evident that Li Zhenxi's ideology of Chinese democratic education has been put into full practice during class in a very unique way.。
专业英语结课论文
湖北工业大学研究生考试答题纸考试科目专业英语研究生姓名周文强学号120140094任课教师刘辉学院、专业电力电子与电气传动成绩二0 一五年五月三十日The Dilemma and Solutions of "Made in China" When the Population Dividend is DisappearingAbstractChina has enjoyed the demographic dividend for 30 years since 1990s. Adequate supply of labor and lower wage promotes the fast development of "Made in China". But in recent years, the shortage of labor force in China is increasingly prominent because the aging of population has more deepened. With the Labor cost continuing to rise and demographic dividend gradually disappearing, "Made in China" has entered into an unprecedented predicament. In response to this dilemma, Chinese manufacturers only achieve sustainable development through the transformation and upgrading, regional metastasis, brand promotion and other means.Introduction1. The connotation and advantages of "made in China"“Made in China” generally means goods made in China are using country of origin labeling. It is a widely recognized global label. In all kinds of goods, including of electronic components, the clothing and shoes, the label can be seen. China has become the world’s largest exporter of industrial products. 70% of the world’s toothbrushes and 75% of toys are made in China. 100% of microwave is also made in China. China manufacturing is everywhere. The figure 1 shows the world export trade comparison in several major countries in 2012. It can be seen from the figure that China has become the largest exporter. As a major exporter, “Made in China” has become an important driving force of the world economy and trade development.Fig.1 World Export Trade Comparison in 2012, According to Country Report.The large advantage of “Made in China” is mainly from the low cost, but this advantage has mainly been reflected in lower labor cost. The figure 2 shows the comparison about paid of the industry in the several countries. The chart highlights advantage of low labor cost in China. It is the labor cost advantage so that “Made in China” has made considerable progress, and a great contribution for Chinese economic development.Fig.2 Manufacturing Hourly Wage Comparison in Some Countries (USD) in 2005,According to U.S. Bureau of Labor and Global Research of Standard Chartered Bank2. Population dividend disappearing and the goods made in China that price is increasingly highThe so-called population dividend means a larger proportion of working population of a country’s total population, and the dependency ratio is relatively low, which creates favorable conditions for economic development. The economy situation of the whole country is high savings, high investment and high growth. A rapid decline in fertility in the country is caused by accelerated aging of the population, while children’s dependency ratio has declined rapidly because of rising proportion of the population of working age. The proportion of the elderly population before reaching a higher level will form relatively abundant labor resources, and lighter dependency burden, which make a country enter into a “golden period” of very favorable economic development. The population economists call the above phenomenon “Demographic Dividend”. In the population dividend period, the working age population ratio is a potentially significant advantage, labor participation rates and employment rates are maintained at a high level, which provides rich labor resources for economic growth. Since 2000, China has gradually entered into an aging society, and the aging process is gradually speeding up. At the end of 2012, the proportion of 60 years of age or older is 14.3% of the total population. To 2033, the proportion of the elderly population will rise to 25.4%; in 2050, will rise to 1/3, close to the level of developed countries. According to the figure 3, it is clear that China working-age population will begin to decline after 2015, the growth rate of the working population is rapidly declining. The demographic dividend will disappear,and the manufacture in China will lost traditional competitive.With the disappearance of the demographic dividend, China’s labo r costs are getting higher and higher. Some data show that the average Chinese wage increase 26% from 2010 to 2012. But under the same conditions, the cost of production in Vietnam than in China lower 15-30%; the average monthly salary of Chinese workers h as reached $ 413, which is more than three times of Vietnam and Indonesia’s. The traditional competitive advantages are disappearing in China. Many factories begin moved to Southeast Asia that having more cheap labor.3. The dilemma of "made in China" when the demographic dividend is disappearing3.1 Facing labor shortage an recruitment difficulties With China's seemingly inexhaustible cheap labor created a miracle for three decades of rapid economic development, but in recent years China has been suffering a wide range of "labor shortage". Since the arrival of the Lewis turning point, and reducing the labor force, China will face the recruitment difficulty in the long term future.3.2 Rising labor costs and corporate profit declining“Made in China” ma inly rely on cheap labor to create value for profit, as the demographic dividend disappeared, it will inevitably lead to rising labor costs. Passing on rising costs to downstream is difficult for enterprises due to the competition between enterprises, consumer goods price controls. Therefore, corporate profit will inevitably decline in the cost of being invaded.3.3 Products made in China with the low added value and the lack of core technologyIn the world manufacturing industry chain, the majority of Chinese enterprises is only in the downstream. Chinese manufacturing is mainly done through the processing and assembly, which products are low value. Currently available is the comparative advantage of cheap labor. But R & D and marketing is done by other countries shifting products. With the disappearance of the demographic dividend, the original cheap and abundant labor advantage disappearing, and the lack of core technology, the development of "Made in China" will be more difficult.3.4 Lack of the talent and lower labor productivity“Made in China” mainly relies on cheap and abundant labor, but mostly lower labor workers, and the talent is lack. Industry labor productivity is lower. In developed countries, skilled workers account for more than 35%, mid-level workers accounted for more than 50%, but junior workers only accounted for 15%. But in China, these data is 4%, 36% and 60%. So, it is difficult to existing technologies into practical productive forces, it is difficult to absorb foreign advanced technology, and to promote technological innovation, which is weakening the international competitiveness of "Made in China".4. The ways of solving the dilemma4.1 Demographic dividend disappearing will forced "made in China" to transformChina depends on cheap labor and consumes a lot of resources to expand manufacture, its base is fragile. When the advantage lost after the population ages, companies should focus on the transformation and upgrading. Demographic dividend should shift to talent bonus. For this reason, companies will be faced with the inevitable development trend of transformation and upgrading when demographic dividend is gradually disappearing. The transition is from labor-intensive industries to capital-and technology-intensive industries, and from the number of the demographic dividend to personnel quality. Maybe, "Made in China" can achieve sustainable development by only the way.4.2 Improving technological content of Chinese exports by learning and development of the core technology Exports should be from the simple pursuit of quantity expansion to quality improvement changes, and constantly improve the technological content of export products, optimize the export product structure and improve efficiency. Most Chinese enterprises are in the end position of the international division of labor. They need to improve the technological level of production, to study and make high-ended product, and to enhance the overall competitiveness of "Made in China" in the world. In the background of the demographic dividend disappearing, China should turn the crisis into an opportunity and solve the chronic disease of "Made in China" so that China can from the manufacturing country to the manufacture power.4.3 Training of highly qualified personnelChina has close to a turning point of the disappearance of the demographic dividend. The amount of labor no longer has an absolute advantage. The key to keep unit labor cost advantage lies in the level of education and rising workers’ skill. Enterprises should strive to improve the quality of workers, increase training funding, establish and improve educational institutions and corporate internship training mechanism to promote new labor standards and business need smoothly. Improving quality of worker can improve production efficiency, thereby technical performance and product quality will be enhanced accordingly. Improving the quality of labor force is the key to increasing the competitiveness of "Made in China".4.4 Transferring industries to central and western regionsThe central and western regions have all conditions “Goose Model” required. Differences in the development stage between the various regions in China lead to the demographic transition lag in the central and western regions. The sixth census data shows that the national natural population growth (birth rate minus death rate) was 5.05 ‰, the eastern region with an average of 4.68 ‰, the central region with an average of 4.73 ‰, the western region with an average of 6.78 ‰. Accordingly, after excluding the factors of population movements, population dependency ratio of the central and western regions is still below of the eastern regions. So, the overall demographic dividend is about to disappear, while in the Midwest the potential can be tapped.。
研究生需要写论文的英语作文
研究生需要写论文的英语作文As a graduate student, writing papers is an essential part of your academic journey. These papers demonstrate your ability to conduct research, analyze information, and present your findings effectively. However, it is important to note that the title of a paper should not be repeated within the text. In this essay, we will explore the significance of title uniqueness and the importance of well-crafted research papers.The primary reason for avoiding repetition of the title within the text lies in the potential confusion it may cause for the reader. When a title is duplicated within the paper, it can create ambiguity and make it difficult for the reader to understand the flow of the content. Each section of a research paper should have a distinct focus and contribute to the overall argument. By repeating the title within the text, the clarity and coherence of the paper can be compromised.Furthermore, by refraining from duplicating the title, you can enhance the organization and structure of your paper. A well-crafted research paper follows a logical progression, moving smoothly from one section to another. Each section should have its own subheading, allowing the reader to easily navigate through the paper. By avoiding title repetition, you ensure that each subheading brings new information and supports the central argument of your research.Moreover, a unique title within the text showcases your ability to articulate your ideas effectively. A research paper is an opportunity to present your arguments and findings in a clear and concisemanner. By generating distinct subheadings and content within each section, you demonstrate your mastery in structuring and organizing your thoughts. This not only enhances the readability of your paper but also highlights your critical thinking skills.In conclusion, as a graduate student writing a research paper, it is crucial to avoid repeating the title within the text. By doing so, you ensure clarity, maintain the logical progression of the paper, and showcase your ability to articulate your ideas effectively. Crafting a well-organized and unique research paper is not only beneficial for the reader but also for your academic growth and development.。
研究生英语论文写作技巧
研究生英语论文写作指导1．研究生英语论文评判标准1）语体论文应该采用正式语体。
相关知识链接：语体通常，英语语体分为五个大类：超正式语体；正式语体；普通语体；随便语体，超随便语体。
在科技文献（包括论文）中，一般采用正式语体。
正式语体的特点如下：a）人称特点：通常不采用第一或第二人称。
b）词汇特点：通常采用在正式场合使用的词汇，或在需要时采用专业技术用语，少用在日常用语中采用的通俗用语，尽量不用俚语。
从以下例子中可以看出正式语体与普通语体在选词方面的差异。
Mr. JohnSmith delivered an interminable address at the conference.（正式）John Smith gave a very long speech at themeeting.（非正式）将两个例句在词汇方面进行比较，可以发现，前一个句子采用的词汇（deliver, interminable,address, conference）比后一个句子采用的词汇（gave, long, speech, meeting）要正式得多。
c）结构特点：通常不用在日常用语中常见的简略表达形式，如: can’t, they’re，而应该用can not, they are。
根据意义表达的需要，通常采用比较长的句式结构，比较多的采用各种从句。
而在非正式语体中，为了交流方便，常常采用比较简短的句式。
2）文体论文应该采用议论文这样的文体。
由于缺乏文体方面的知识，或忽视了文体区别，曾经有一些同学将在论文中错误地采用了说明文或分析劝导型文体。
相关知识链接：文体记叙文（Narration）：记叙一系列的事件的发生。
有时有一个主题陈述（thesis statement）。
说明文（Exposition）：说明一个事物或事理，主要目的是介绍信息（providing information, or informing somebody of something）。
关于研究生英语作文
关于研究生英语作文The Importance of Studying English for Graduate Students。
English is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world and is considered the global language of communication. As graduate students, it is essential to have a strong command of the English language in order to succeed in academic and professional settings. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of studying English for graduate students and how it can benefit their academic and professional careers.First and foremost, studying English allows graduate students to access a wealth of knowledge and information that is only available in English. Many of the world's top academic journals, research papers, and books are written in English, and being able to read and understand these resources is crucial for graduate students who are conducting their own research and writing theirdissertations. Additionally, proficiency in English allows graduate students to communicate and collaborate with scholars and researchers from around the world, opening up opportunities for international collaboration and networking.Furthermore, English proficiency is essential for graduate students who are looking to pursue academic or professional opportunities abroad. Many universities and research institutions require applicants to demonstrate a high level of English proficiency in order to be admitted to their programs. Moreover, in today's globalized economy, many multinational companies and organizations require employees who are fluent in English in order to effectively communicate with clients and colleagues from different countries. Therefore, studying English can greatly enhance the career prospects of graduate students and open up opportunities for international study and employment.In addition to academic and professional benefits, studying English can also have personal and cultural advantages for graduate students. Learning a new languagecan broaden one's perspective and understanding ofdifferent cultures, as language is closely tied to the traditions, customs, and values of a society. By studying English, graduate students can gain insight into the literature, history, and popular culture of English-speaking countries, enriching their overall educational experience.To conclude, studying English is of paramount importance for graduate students. It provides access to a wealth of academic and professional resources, enhances career prospects, and offers personal and cultural enrichment. Therefore, graduate students should prioritize the study of English and take advantage of theopportunities it presents. With a strong command of the English language, graduate students can position themselves for success in their academic and professional endeavors.。
有关阅读的研究生英语作文
有关阅读的研究生英语作文Title: The Significance of Research on Reading in Graduate-level English Studies。
Introduction。
Research on reading plays a pivotal role in the realm of graduate-level English studies, offering profound insights into language acquisition, cognitive processes, and educational pedagogy. This essay delves into the significance of such research, elucidating its multifaceted contributions to academia and society at large.Enhancing Language Proficiency。
One of the foremost benefits of reading research liesin its capacity to enhance language proficiency among graduate students. Through empirical investigations into reading strategies, comprehension techniques, and vocabulary acquisition, scholars gain invaluable tools forimproving their language skills. Such research fosters a deeper understanding of linguistic structures and enables students to navigate complex texts with greater fluency and comprehension.Informing Pedagogical Practices。
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Investigation of annualsalary of graduatesAuthor xiaoyiAbstractThis paper attempts to examine annual salary of graduates, and in this article mainly introduces the annual salary of expectation of graduate, the annual salary distribution of employer, the distribution of annual salary of graduate. Comparing these data, we can conclude the actual salary is always less than expected.K e y w o r d s:e x p e c t e d s a l a r y,s a l a r y d i s t r i b u t i o nIntroductionWith the rapid growth in the number of graduate students, the employment situation become more and more severe. Facing so severe employment situation, most of post-graduates become more sensible and not blindly optimistic. A large-scale survey has revealed a wide discrepancy between graduate earnings and what students expect to be paid after they finish university.The data and the methodFig.1Sheet 1 is about graduates’ expectation of the annual salary. It shows that the most graduates expect the annual salary is between RMB70,000 to RMB115,000 this section, this part of graduates they represent an average standard. The second level is that graduates expect the salary between RMB40, 000 to RMB70, 000. Only one graduate expect to have RMB115, 000 to RMB130, 000 and up this section, and two of these graduates have no preference of the annual salary. This part of graduates always have no exactly work aim or they are belong to free-lancers.Fig.2Sheet 2 is mainly about the annual salary distribution of employer. The foreign companies and Hong Kong, Macao these companies always can offer the annual salary from RMB7, 000 to RMB6, 000. And listed companies, state-owned enterprises.The military departments, private enterprises would offer RMB6, 000 to RMB5, 000. This kinds of companies always have good welfare conditions.The others companies such as government agency, institution and neighborhood committee, these kind of companies would offer salary below RMB5, 000.Fig.3Fig.3 is the main city salary distribution of graduate students in 2011. It can be seen from the table, the top average wage of five city are: Shenzhen, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and Hangzhou. Working in these cities, the average monthly salary is 6000 yuan above. And in Hefei, Tianjin, Changzhou, xi’ an, Huaiyin the average wage is relatively low.The resultsFrom these three sheets, it can be known that even graduates go to the first-tiger cities and find a job in foreign companies, they still not get their expectation annual salary in deed.ConclusionIn general, people have high aim is good, but they can’t unrealistic pursuit of quick results. Before graduates find jobs, they should better be practical and reality and balance their attitude .Of course they can choose foreign companies in the first-tiger cities that may get higher salary. And also, some graduates may choose the jobs which have good welfare conditions. All in all, good graduates have foresight, they know the most important thing is that to gather experience, and from years to years, they will get the expectation salary finally.ReferenceComplete the job quiz below and get to know what job is right for you. Then, compare your answers with your partner.1. Which of these annual salary ranges would you accept?RMB25,000 to RMB40,000RMB40,000 to RMB55,000 3个RMB55,000 to RMB70,000 7个RMB70,000 to RMB85,000 4个RMB85,000 to RMB100,000 6个RMB100,000 to RMB115,000 8个RMB115,000 to RMB130,000RMB130,000 and up 1个No preference, money is not important. 2个2. Can you handle workplace stress?Stressful jobs are OK 15个Avoid stressful jobs 9个No preference 7个3. What about workplace flexibility and predictability?Flexible but unpredictable jobs preferred 13个Predictable but inflexible jobs preferred 10个No preference 8个4. How important is creativity in a job?Creative jobs preferred 18个No preference 13个5. Would you accept a job considered by most to be difficult?Relatively easy jobs preferred 17个No preference 14个6. What would your teachers say you were best at in school?Spelling 1个Verbal Reasoning-your ability to reason logically 3个Numerical Ability 2个Mechanical Reasoning-your ability to understand machines 8个Spatial Relations-the ability to visualise three dimensions 1个Abstract Reasoning-recognition of patterns and similarities between shapes and figures 5个Language UsageNot sure 11个7. Which work environments are acceptable to you?Mostly indoors 8个Mixed indoors and outdoor 19个Mostly Outdoors 4个8. Travel or work in one location, which is acceptable to you?Frequent travel 16个Usually minimal or no travel 15个9. What sort of work clothes are acceptable to you?Formal (suit and tie, etc.) 4个Uniform 5个Casual 23个10. Where would you prefer to work?Urban areas 18个Rural areas 1个No preference 13个11. Check ALL the education levels that you've completed or will complete.High School/GED (General Education Development) 1个Trade schoolCollege 7个Post college 25个12. In which of these areas do you have a strong aptitude?Mechanics 5个Scientific/Technical 11个HealingOutdoor activities 6个AestheticsShop skills 1个Music 3个Social service 4个PersuasionMathematics 2个Clerical skillsWritten expression 1个13. Is high potential of job growth in your career important to you?Yes, job potential is important 31个No, it's not important14. Which of the following word groups best describe your personality?Entrepreneurial, go-getter, aggressive 1个Gregarious, affable, extroverted 8个Commonsensical, down-to-earth, practical 11个Detail-oriented, careful, precise 5个Cerebral, inquisitive, systematic 5个Expressive, intuitive, imaginative 1个15. Some jobs have the possibility of being outsourced, either abroad or to a remote location domestically.Avoid jobs that have the potential of being outsourced. 7个No preference 24个。