雅思写作讲座(新航道)lesson 2
雅思第二个作文
（1）In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.In many countries, the birth rate is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.When they get to school age they have not learnt any self-control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did. Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation. But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, andhigh quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.（2）Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.Of course, factors such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. But this does not mean that people without theseconditions cannot be happy.Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.)（3）Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. Which do you consider to be the major influence?Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance to inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual’s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual’s life. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride otherinfluences, and there seems to be plenty of research finding s to confirm this.My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates ow that personality develops. If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behavior and character of a person form the moment they were born.In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person’s life.（4）In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research., as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to adapt to an academic environment. They may think different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.（5）Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Other, however, think that change is always a good thing. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Over the last half century the pace of change in the life of human beings has increased beyond our wildest expectations. This has been driven by technological and scientific breakthroughs that are changing whole way we view the world on an almost daily basis. This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life, and we need to constantly adapt to keep pace with it.Those people who believe they have achieved some security by doing the same, familiar things are living in denial. Even when people believe they are resisting change themselves, they cannot stop the world around them from changing. Sooner or later they will find that the familiar jobs no longer exist, or that the ‘safe’patterns of behavior are no longer appropriate.However, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that ‘change is always for the better’. Unfortunately, it is not always the case that new things are promoted they have good impacts for the majority of people. A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as in working conditions or property developments) that are in their own interests.In conclusion, I would say that change can be stimulating and energizing for individuals when they pursue it themselves, but that allchange, including that which is imposed on people, does not necessarily have good outcomes.（6）Successful sports professional can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while think it is unfair. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries. Just like movie stars, they live extravagant lifestyles with huge houses and cars.Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibility of governing the country. However, sports salaries are not determined he or she holds. Instead, they reflect the public support that successful stars can generate. So the notion of “fairness”is not the issue.Those who feel that sports stars’salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful. Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their relatively short career. The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight. So all of thesefactors may justify the huge earnings.Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicates that our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.（7）It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.The relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music.Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music. So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players. In other words, there ismore to the skill than a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher or how frequently a child practices.I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably inherited via their genes. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hare-working students never manage to reach a comparable level. But, as with all questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually exclusive. Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good training and natural talent. Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would not learn how to exploit and develop their talent.In conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be rally good in areas such as music, art or sport, then some natural talent is required.（8）Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.A child’s education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation howto be good members of society. Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone.In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their community and share their values. Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents. They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world.However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home. Once a child goes to school, they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home. At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society. This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community.But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility of every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society.（9）Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?There is no doubt that traffic and pollution from vehicles have become huge problems, both in cities and on motorways everywhere. Solving these problems is likely to need more than a simple rise in the price of petrol.While it is undeniable that private car use is one of the main causes of the increase in traffic and pollution, higher fuel costs are unlikely to limit the number of drivers for long. As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who needs to travel on the roads. But there are various other measures that could be implemented that would have a huge effect on these problems.I think to tackle the problem of pollution, cleaner fuels need to be developed. The technology is already available to produce electric cars that would be both quieter and cleaner to use. Persuading manufacturers and travelers to adopt this new technology would be a more effective strategy for improving air quality, especially in cities.However, traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use. To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky trains and underground train systems were built andeffectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to driving your own car for long journeys.In conclusion, I think that long-term traffic and pollution reductions would depend on educating the public to use public transport more, and on governments using public money to construct and run efficient systems.（10）Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?Traditionally, children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary school, but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or individual schools, with both positive and negative outcomes. The obvious argument in its favour is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers. Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue, which facilitates learning another language, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent, shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach, thusmaintaining learners’enthusiasm and progress. Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.There are, however, some disadvantages. Primary school teachers are generalists, and may not have the necessary language skills themselves. If specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions, the flexibility referred to above is diminished. If primary language teaching is not standardized, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within their intake, resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains. There is no advantage if enthusiastic primary pupils become demotivated as soon as they change schools. However, these issues can be addressed strategically within the policy adopted.Anything which encourages language learning benefits society culturally and economically, and early exposure to language learning contributes to this. Young children innate abilities should be harnessed to make these benefits more achievable.Problem and solution essayMore and more people are migrating to cities in search of a better life, but city life can be extreme difficult. Explain some of the difficulties of living in a city. How can governments make urban life better foreveryone?Cities are often seen as places of opportunity, but there are also some major drawbacks of living in a large metropolis. In my opinion, governments could do much more to improve city life for the average inhabitant.The main problem for anyone who hopes to migrate to a large city is that the cost of living is likely to be much higher than it is in a small town or village. Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even food. Another issue is that urban areas tend to suffer from social problems such as high crime and poverty rates in comparison with rural areas. Furthermore, the air quality in cities is often poor, due to pollution from traffic, and the streets and public transport systems are usually overcrowded. As a result, city life can be unhealthy and stressful. However, there are various steps that governments could take to tackle there problems. Firstly, they could invest money in the building of affordable or social housing to reduce the cost of living. Secondly, politicians have the power to ban vehicles from city centres and promote the use of cleaner public transport, which would help to reduce both air pollution and traffic congestion. In London, for example, the introduction of a congestion charge for drivers has helped to curb the traffic problem.A third option would be to develop provincial towns and rural areas, by moving industry and jobs to those regions, in order to reduce the pressureon major cities.In conclusion, governments could certainly a range of measures to enhance the quality of life for all city residents.。
雅思写作课程讲义
雅思写作课程讲义1. 导言雅思写作作为雅思考试的一部分，在考生中具有重要的地位。
良好的写作能力不仅可以帮助考生在雅思考试中取得好成绩，也对考生今后的学习和工作具有重要意义。
因此，在雅思写作课程中，我们将会对雅思写作的基本技巧、常见题型和考试策略进行详细讲解，帮助考生提升写作水平。
2. 雅思写作的基本技巧2.1. 语法和词汇雅思写作中，语法和词汇是考生最基础的要求。
在写作过程中，考生需要注意自己的句子结构是否清晰，用词是否准确。
为了提升语法和词汇水平，考生可以多读写英语文章，积累一些常用的词汇和固定搭配。
2.2. 句子的连贯性在雅思写作中，句子的连贯性对于提升写作分数至关重要。
考生需要合理使用过渡词、连接词以及代词等，使句子之间有逻辑关系，并且流畅地表达自己的观点。
2.3. 长短句结合在文章中，考生可以使用长句和短句结合的方式，以增加文章的变化性和层次感。
适当使用长句可以展示考生较高的语言水平，而短句则可以突出主题，增强表达的力度。
3. 雅思写作常见题型3.1. 图表题雅思写作中，经常会出现关于图表的题目，例如柱状图、饼图、表格等。
对于这类题型，考生需要学会正确解读图表，并且能够准确描述图表中的数据变化和趋势。
3.2. 讨论题雅思写作中的讨论题要求考生就某个观点或者议题进行阐述，提出自己的观点并给出支持理由。
在这类题型中，考生需要灵活运用各种句型，展示自己的观点和论证能力。
3.3. 任务型题任务型题是雅思写作中的一种常见题型。
在这类题型中，考生需要完成一系列写作任务，例如描述过程、解决问题等。
考生需要根据题目要求，合理组织文章结构，并进行清晰的逻辑分析。
4. 雅思写作的考试策略4.1. 时间管理在雅思写作考试中，时间管理是非常重要的。
考生需要在规定的时间内完成写作任务，因此，合理安排写作时间，控制好每个部分的时间分配是必要的。
4.2. 注意字数雅思写作要求考生在规定的字数范围内完成写作任务。
因此，考生需要在考试前熟悉每个部分的字数要求，并在写作过程中限制自己的篇幅，确保不超出或者不达到字数要求。
新航道试卷（雅思）
新航道试卷（雅思）Test 2Listening Module (30minutes+transfer time) SECTION 1Questions 1-10Questions 1-4Circle the correct letters A-C.ExampleWhich course is the man interested in?A. EnglishB. MandarinC. Japanese1. What kind of course is the man seeking?A. DaytimeB. EveningsC. Weekends2. How long does the man want to study?A. 12 weeksB. 6 monthsC. 8 months3. What proficiency level is the student?A. BeginnerB. Intermediate D. Advanced4. When does the man want to start the course?A. MarchB. JuneC. SeptemberQuestions 5-10Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Language CentreClient Information CardName: Richard 5…………………………………………E-mail address: 6……………………………@/doc/eee28537a32d7375a41780c1.htmlDate of birth: 7 (1980)Reason for studying Japanese: 8……………………………………Specific learning needs: 9……………………………………………Place of previous study (if any): 10……………………………………SECTION 2 Questions 11-20Questions 11-12Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.11. The story illustrates that dogs are ………………animals.12. The people of the town built a …………………of a dog.Questions 13-20Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.SECTION 3 Questions 21-30Questions 21-23Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer. Braille-a system of writing for the blind●Louis Braille was blinded as a child in his 21 ……………….●Braille invented the writing system in the year 22 ……………….●An early writing system for the blind used embossed letters.● A military system using dots was called 23 ………………. Questions 24-27Circle the correct letters A-C.24. Which diagram shows the Braille positions?○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○A. B. C.25. What can the combined dots represent?A. both letters and wordsB. only individual wordsC. only letters of the alphabet26. When was the Braille system officially adopted?A. as soon as it was inventedB. two years after it was inventedC. after Louis Braille had died27. What is unusual about the way Braille is written?A. It can only be written using a machine.B. The texts have to be read backwards.C. Handwritten Braille is created in reverse.Questions 28-30List THREE subjects that also use a Braille code.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.28 ………………………..29 ………………………..30 ………………………..SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Questions 31-35Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS or A NUMBER for each answer. Question: Can babies remember any 31 ………………………..Table showing memory test resultsQuestions 36-40Research questions:Is memory linked to 36 ………………….. development?Can babies 37 ………………….. their memories?Table showing memory test resultsReading Module (1 hour)READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.In Praise of AmateursDespite the specialisation of scientific research, amateurs still have an important role to playDuring the scientific revolution of the 17th century, scientists were largely men of private means who pursued their interest in natural philosophy for their own edification. Only in the past century or two has it become possible to make a living from investigating the workings of nature. Modern science was, in other words, built on the work of amateurs. Today, science is an increasingly specialised and compartmentalised subject, the domain of experts who know more and more about less and less. Perhaps surprisingly, however, amateurs - even those without private means - are still important.A recent poll carried out at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science by astronomer Dr Richard Fienberg found that, in addition to his field of astronomy, amateurs are actively involved in such fields as acoustics, horticulture, ornithology, meteorology, hydrology and palaeontology. Far from being crackpots, amateur scientists are often in close touch with professionals, some of whom rely heavily on their co-operation.Admittedly, some fields are more open to amateurs than others. Anything that requires expensive equipment is clearly a no-go area. And some kinds of research can be dangerous; most amateur chemists, jokes Dr Fienberg, are either locked up or have blown themselves to bits. But amateurs can make valuable contributions in fields from rocketry to palaeontology and the rise of the Intemet has made it easier than ever before to collect data and distribute results.Exactly which field of study has benefited most from the contributions of amateurs is a matter of some dispute. Dr Fienberg makes a strong case for astronomy. There is, he points out, a long tradition of collaboration between amateur and professional sky watchers. Numerous comets, asteroids and even the planet Uranus were discovered by amateurs. Today, in addition to comet and asteroid spotting, amateurs continue to do valuable work observing the brightness of variable stars and detecting novae- 'new' stars in the Milky Way and supernovae in other galaxies. Amateur observers are helpful, says Dr Fienberg, because there are so many of them (they far outnumber professionals) and because they are distributed all over the world. This makes special kinds of observations possible: if several observers around the world accurately record the time when a star is eclipsed by an asteroid, for example, it is possible to derive useful information about the asteroid's shape.Another field in which amateurs have traditionally played an important role is palaeontology. Adrian Hunt, a palaeontologist at Mesa Technical College in New Mexico, insists that his is the field in which amateurs have made the biggest contribution. Despite the development of high-tech equipment, he says, the best sensors for finding fossils are human eyes - lots of them. Finding volunteers to look for fossils is not difficult, he says, because of the near-universal interest in anything to do with dinosaurs. As well as helping with this research, volunteers learn about science, a process he calls 'recreational education'.Rick Bonney of the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology in Ithaca, New York, contends that amateurs have contributed the most in his field. There are, he notes, thought to be as many as 60 million birdwatchers in America alone. Given their huge numbers and the wide geographical coverage they provide, Mr Bonney has enlisted thousands of amateurs in a number of research projects. Over the past few years their observations have uncovered previously unknown trends and cycles in bird migrations and revealed declines in the breeding populations of several species of migratory birds, prompting a habitat conservation programme. Despite the successes and whatever the field of study, collaboration between amateurs and professionals is not without its difficulties. Not everyone, for example is happy with the term 'amateur', Mr Bonney has coined the term 'citizen scientist' because he felt that other words, such as 'volunteer' sounded disparaging. A more serious problem is the question of how professionals can best acknowledge the contributions made by amateurs. Dr Fienberg says that some amateur astronomers are happy to provide their observations but grumble about not being reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. Others feel let down when theirobservations are used in scientific papers, but they are not listed as co-authors. Dr Hunt says some amateur palaeontologists are disappointed when told that they cannot take finds home with them.These are legitimate concerns but none seems insurmountable. Provided amateurs and professionals agree the terms on which they will work together beforehand, there is no reason why co-operation between the two groups should not flourish. Last year Dr S. Carlson, founder'of the Society for Amateur Scientists won an award worth $290,000 for his work in promoting such co-operation. He says that one of the main benefits of the prize is the endorsement it has given to the contributions of amateur scientists, which has done much to silence critics among those professionals who believe science should remain their exclusive preserve. At the moment, says Dr Carlson, the society is involved in several schemes including an innovative rocket-design project and the setting up of a network of observers who will search for evidence of a link between low-frequency radiation and earthquakes. The amateurs, he says, provide enthusiasm and talent, while the professionals provide guidance 'so that anything they do discover will be taken seriously'. Having laid the foundations of science, amateurs will have much to contribute to its ever-expanding edifice.Complete the summary below. Chose ONE or TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet.Questions 9-13Reading Passage 1 contains a number of opinions provided by four different scientists. Match each opinion (Questions 9--13) with the scientists A-D.NB You may use any of the scientists A-D more than once.9. Amateur involvement can also be an instructive pastime.10. Amateur scientists are prone to accidents.11. Science does not belong to professional scientists alone.12. In certain areas of my work, people are a more valuable resource than technology.13. It is important to give amateurs a name which reflects the value of their work.READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.READING THE SCREENAre the electronic media exacerbating illiteracy and making our children stupid?On the contrary, says Colin McCabe, they have the potential to make us truly literateThe debate surrounding literacy is one of the most charged in education. On the one hand there is an army of people convinced that traditional skills of reading and writing are declining. On the other, a host of progressives protest that literacy is much more complicated than a simple technical mastery of reading and writing. This second position is supported by most of the relevant academic work over the past 20 years. These studies argue that literacy can only be understood in its social and technical context. In Renaissance England, for example, many more people could read than could write, and within reading there was a distinction between those who could read print and those who could manage the more difficult task of reading manuscript. An understanding of these earlier periods helps us understand today's 'crisis in literacy' debate.There does seem to be evidence that there has been an overall decline in some aspects of reading and writing - you only need to compare the tabloid newspapers of today with those of 50 years ago to see a clear decrease in vocabulary and simplification of syntax. But the picture is not uniform and doesn't readily demonstrate the simple distinction between literate and illiterate which had been considered adequate since the middle of the 19th century.While reading a certain amount of writing is as crucial as it has ever been in industrial societies, it is doubtful whether a fully extended grasp of either is as necessary as it was 30 or 40 years ago. While print retains much of its authority as a source of topical information, television has increasingly usurped this role. The ability to write fluent letters has been undermined by the telephone and research suggests that for many people the only use for writing, outside formal education, is the compilation of shopping lists.The decision of some car manufacturers to issue their instructions to mechanics as a video pack rather than as a handbook might be taken to spell the end of any automatic link between industrialisation and literacy. On the other hand, it is also the case that ever-increasing numbers of people make their living out of writing, which is better rewarded than ever before. Schools are generally seen as institutions where the book rules - film, television and recorded sound have almost no place; but it is not clear that this opposition is appropriate. While you may not need to read and write to watch television, you certainly need to be able to read and write in order to make programmes.Those who work in the new media are anything but illiterate. The traditional oppositions between old and new media are inadequate for understanding the world which a young child now encounters. The computer has re-established a central place for the written word on the screen, which used to be entirely devoted to the image. There is even anecdotal evidence that children are mastering reading and writing in order to get on to the Internet. There is no reason why the new and old media cannot be integrated in schools to provide the skills to become economically productive and politically enfranchised.Nevertheless, there is a crisis in literacy and it would be foolish to ignore it. To understand that literacy may be declining because it is less central to some aspectsof everyday life is not the sameas acquiescing in this state of affairs. The production of school work with the new technologies could be a significant stimulus to literacy. How should these new technologies be introduced into the schools? It isn't enough to call for computers, camcorders and edit suites in every classroom; unless they are properly integrated into the educational culture, they will stand unused. Evidence suggests that this is the fate of most information technology used in the classroom. Similarly, although media studies are now part of the national curriculum, and more and more students are now clamouring to take these course, teachers remain uncertain about both methods and aims in this area.This is not the fault of the teachers. The entertainment and information industries must be drawn into a debate with the educational institutions to determine how best to blend these new technologies into the classroom.Many people in our era are drawn to the pessimistic view that the new media are destroying old skills and eroding critical judgement. It may be true that past generations were more literate but-taking the pre-19th century meaning of the term - this was true of only a small section of the population. The word literacy is a 19th-century coinage to describe the divorce of reading and writing from a full knowledge of literature. The education reforms of the 19th century produced reading and writing as skills separable from full participation in the cultural heritage.The new media now point not only to a futuristic cyber-economy, they also make our cultural past available to the whole nation. Most children's access to these treasures is initially through television. It is doubtful whether our literary heritage has ever been available to or sought out by more than about 5 per cent of the population; it has certainly not been available to more than 10 per cent. But the new media joined to the old, through the public service tradition of British broadcasting, now makes our literary tradition available to all.Questions 14-17Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14. When discussing the debate on literacy in education, the writer notes thatA. children cannot read and write as well as they used to.B. academic work has improved over the last 20 years.C. there is evidence that literacy is related to external factors.D. there are opposing arguments that are equally convincing.15. In the 4th paragraph, the writer's main point is thatA. the printed word is both gaining and losing power.B. all inventions bring disadvantages as well as benefits.C. those who work in manual jobs no longer need to read.D. the media offers the best careers for those who like writing.16. According to the writer, the main problem that schools face today isA. how best to teach the skills of reading and writing.B. how best to incorporate technology into classroom teaching.C. finding the means to purchase technological equipment.D. managing the widely differing levels of literacy amongst pupils.17. At the end of the article, the writer is suggesting thatA. literature and culture cannot be divorced.B. the term 'literacy' has not been very useful.C. 10 per cent of the population never read literature.D. our exposure to cultural information is likely to increase.Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement contradicts the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this18. It is not as easy to analyse literacy levels as it used to be.19. Our literacy skills need to be as highly developed as they were in the past.20. Illiteracy is on the increase.21. Professional writers earn relatively more than they used to.22. A good literacy level is important for those who work in television.23. Computers are having a negative impact on literacy in schools.Questions 24-26Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 2.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answerREADING PASSAGE 3 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Questions 27-33Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs A-G.From the list of headings below choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph. Write the appropriate numbers (I-x) in boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet.27．Paragraph A28．Paragraph B29．Paragraph C30．Paragraph D31．Paragraph E32．Paragraph F33．Paragraph GThe Revolutionary Bridges of Robert MaillartSwiss engineer Robert Maillart built some of the greatest bridges of the 20th century. His designs elegantly solved a basic engineering problem: how to support enormous weights using a slender archA Just as railway bridges were the great structural symbols of the 19th century, highway bridgesbecame the engineering emblems of the 20th century. The invention of the automobile created an irresistible demand for paved roads and vehicular bridges throughout the developed world.The type of bridge needed for cars and trucks, however, is fundamentally different from that needed for locomotives. Most highway bridges carry lighter loads than railway bridges do, and their roadways can be sharply curved or steeply sloping. To meet these needs, many turn-of-the-century bridge designers began working with a new building material: reinforced concrete, which has steel bars embedded in it. And the master of this new material was Swissstructural engineer, Robert Maillart.B Early in his career, Maillart developed a unique method for designing bridges, buildings andother concrete structures. He rejected the complex mathematical analysis of loads and stresses that was being enthusiastically adopted by most of his contemporaries. At the same time, he also eschewed the decorative approach taken by many bridge builders of his time.He resisted imitating architectural styles and adding design elements solely for ornamentation.Maillart's method was a form of creative intuition. He had a knack for conceiving new shapes to solve classic engineering problems. And because he worked in a highly competitive field, one of his goals was economy - he won design and construction contracts because his structures were reasonably priced, often less costly than all his rivals' proposals.C Maillart's first important bridge was built in the small Swiss town of Zuoz. The local officialshad initially wanted a steel bridge to span the 30-metre wide Inn River, but Maillart argued that he could build a more elegant bridge made of reinforced concrete for about the same cost.His crucial innovation was incorporating the bridge's arch and roadway into a form called the hollow-box arch, which would substantially reduce the bridge's expense by minimising the amount of concrete needed. In a conventional arch bridge the weight of the roadway is transferred by columns to the arch, which must be relatively thick. In Maillart's design, though, the roadway and arch were connected by three vertical walls, forming two hollow boxes running under the roadway (see diagram). The big advantage of this design was that because the arch would not have to bear the load alone, it could be much thinner - as little as one-third as thick as the arch in the conventional bridge.D His first masterpiece, however, was the 1905 Tavanasa Bridge over the Rhine river in theSwiss Alps. In this design, Maillart removed the parts of the vertical walls which were not essential because they carried no load. This produced a slender, lighter-looking form, which perfectly met the bridge's structural requirements. But the Tavanasa Bridge gained little favourable publicity in Switzerland; on the contrary, it aroused strong aesthetic objections from public officials who were more comfortable with old-fashioned stone-faced bridges.Maillart, who had founded his own construction firm in 1902, was unable to win any more bridge projects, so he shifted his focus to designing buildings, water tanks and other structures made of reinforced concrete and did not resume his work on concrete bridges until the early 1920s.E His most important breakthrough during this period was the development of thedeck-stiffened arch, the first example of which was the Flienglibach Bridge, built in 1923. An arch bridge is somewhat like an inverted cable. A cable curves downward when a weight is hung from it, an arch bridge curves upward to support the roadway and the compression in the arch balances the dead load of the traffic. For aesthetic reasons, Maillart wanted a thinner arch and his solution was to connect the arch to the roadway with transverse walls. In this way, Maillart justified making the arch as thin as he could reasonably build it. His analysis accurately predicted the behaviour of the bridge but the leading authorities of Swiss engineering would argue against his methods for the next quarter of a century.F Over the next 10 years, Maillart concentrated on refining the visual appearance of thedeck-stiffened arch. His best-known structure is the Salginatobel Bridge, completed in 1930.He won the competition for the contract because his design was the least expensive of the 19 submitted- the bridge and road were built for only 700,000 Swiss francs, equivalent to some $3.5 million today. Salginatobel was also Maillart's longest span, at 90 metres and it had the most dramatic setting of all his structures, vaulting 80 metres above the ravine of the Salgina brook. In 1991 it became the first concrete bridge to be designated an international historic landmark.G Before his death in 1940, Maillart completed other remarkable bridges and continued torefine his designs. However, architects often recognised the high quality of Maillart's structures before his fellow engineers did and in 1947 the architectural section of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City devoted a major exhibition entirely to his works.In contrast, very few American structural engineers at that time had even heard of Maillart.In the following years, however, engineers realised that Maillart's bridges were more than just aesthetically pleasing –they were technically unsurpassed. Maillart's hollow-box arch became the dominant design form for medium and long-span concrete bridges in the US. In Switzerland, professors finally began to teach Maillart's ideas, which then influenced a new generation of designers.Questions 34-36Complete the labels on the diagrams below using ONE or TWO WORDS from the reading passage. Write your answers in boxes 34-36 on your answer sheet.Questions 37-40Complete each of the following statements (Questions 37-40) with the best ending (A-G) from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.37．Maillart designed the hollow-box arch in order to ......38．Following the construction of the Tavanasa Bridge, Maillart failed to ......39．The transverse walls of the Flienglibach Bridge allowed Maillart to ......40．Of all his bridges, the Salginatobel enabled Maillart to ......Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The figure below shows the people arrested in the past five years and reasons for most recent arrest, 2004.Write a report for a university lecture describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.Writing Task 2You should spend 40 minutes on this task.Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.If countries are serious about solving traffic problems, they should tax private cars very heavily and use the money to provide free or very cheep rail travel. To what extent do you agree with the above?You should write at least 250 words.You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence。
雅思作文写作task2第八课时—范文赏析
IELTS作文讲解：范文赏析审题:1. 本题出现两个图，饼图与曲线图，首先确定写作结构，饼图和曲线图分别叙述，若两者之间有联系，则需要指出。
这样本篇作文的大体结构就可以设置三部分，第一段对总体进行概述，主体段对两个表格分别描述，末段进行总结（可选）2. 写作要点分析：饼图信息点：确定时间2000年，内容可口可乐罐装销售总额，地点为五个地区，分别占的百分比，最大与最小百分比分别对应的地区。
曲线图：确定时间96年-01年，内容为可口可乐的股价，以美元为单位计算，曲线信息可分为两个时间段，98年中期之前与之后的特点对比，总体趋势波动范文：The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001.首段介绍两个图表的主要信息，巧妙地进行关键词的改写the worldwide distribution In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of billion cases of their fizzy drink product worldwide. The largest consumer was North America, where per cent of the total volume was purchased. The second largest consumer was Latin America. Europe and Asia purchased and per cent of the total volume。
新航道三月雅思模考二答案
新航道三月雅思模考二答案1、1《将进酒》这首诗的主旨句是“天生我材必有用，千金散尽还复来”。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错2、下列词语中，加着重号字的注音正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、忖度（duó）濒临（pín）B、踽踽（jǔ）够呛（qiànɡ）(正确答案)C、沙砾（lì）娇嗔（zhēn）D、睿智（bì）醴酪（lǐ）3、70. 下列选项中，“而”的用法与所给例子相同的一项是: （）例子:而计其长曾不盈寸。
[单选题] *A、化而为鸟。
B、盗窃乱贼而不作。
C、故外户而不闭。
(正确答案)4、下列选项中加着重号字注音正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、脉脉mò忏悔chàn(正确答案)B、狙击zǔ鸟瞰kànC、抨击pēng 发酵xiàoD、干涸hé百舸争流kě5、“果脯”的读音是“guǒfǔ”。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错6、1学习老舍写的《我的母亲》一文，我们会由衷敬佩母亲坚忍、善良、宽容、勤俭和好客的品性，也会为儿子子欲养而亲不待的痛悔之情感动不已。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错7、下列选项中加着重号字注音正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、粗糙cāo 红缯zēng 乳酪lào(正确答案)B、背负bèi 树冠guān 萌蘖nièC、龟裂guī宋徽宗huī贮藏zhùD、谚语yàn 紫绡qiāo 果梗gěng8、下列选项中加着重号字读音相同的一项是（）[单选题] *A、遗憾浓酣B、色调协调C、娇柔骄傲(正确答案)D、意境景色9、《红楼梦》中大观园里曾两次结诗社，下列人物与其诗社的别号对应不正确的一项是( ) [单选题] *A.贾宝玉——护花使者(正确答案)B.林黛玉——潇湘妃子C.史湘云——枕霞旧友D.贾探春——蕉下客10、关于《红楼梦》的文化常识，选出表述正确的一项( ) [单选题] *A.林黛玉与贾宝玉二人关系为姨表兄妹。
雅思写作 大作文 Simon Writing Task 2 视频课笔记
Lesson 2: Introductions ---- Four types of questions1. DiscussionSome people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Topic- study in groups or aloneAnswer- sometimes better alone, usually better in a groupPeople have different views about the effectiveness of group study as opposed to working alone. While there are some benefits to studying independently, I believe that group work is usually more productive.2. OpinionSome people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Topic- community service for all teenagersAnswer- 3 choice (agree, disagree, balanced opinion)It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. (agree) I completely agree that this kind of scheme would be a good idea.(disagree) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. In my opinion, it would be wrong to force teenagers to do any kind ofunsalaried work.(want mention both side) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. While I disagree with the idea of making such programmers compulsory, I do believe that voluntary community service could benefit young people.3. Problem and solutionSome people reoffend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?Topic- criminals reoffendAnswer- several reasons, a variety of measures (government, communities)It is true that punishments do not always deter criminals from committing more crimes. There are various reasons why offenders repeatedly break the law, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue.4. Two-part questionAs most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?Topic- job satisfactionAnswer- several factors, unrealistic / impossibleWork plays a central role in our lives, and we would all like to feel fulfilled professionally. While a variety of factors may lead to job satisfaction, it would be unrealistic to expect everyone to be happy at work.Lesson 3: Main paragraphs ---- Firstly, secondly, finally & Idea, explain, example4 paragraph essay- 2 main body paragraphs - 5 sentences in each- 90 to 100 words each 2 types- Firstly, secondly, finally[ advantages, disadvantages, problems, solutions ] - Idea, explain, example[ one idea, a reason, an opinion ]Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Firstly, secondly, finally3-minute plan:-disagree for several reasons-school timetable is full, no time for community service-students’ work in other subjects would be affected-teenagers might not want to do it (reluctant, no motivation) Try to write 5 sentences1. Topic sentences2. Firstly3. Secondly4. FinallyThere are several reasons why I would argue against having compulsory community service for secondary school students. Firstly, the school curriculum is already full with important academic subjects, such as maths, science and languages. For example, I remember having an extremely busy timetable when I was at high school, and it would not have been possible to add to it. Secondly, students’ performance in other subjects would be affected if valuable study time were taken by charity work or neighbourhood improvement schemes. Finally, I believe that teenage students would be reluctant to take part in any programme of obligatory work, and this could lead to poor motivation and even bad behaviour.Idea, explain, example3-minute plan:- voluntary (not compulsory) community service is positive - students more motivated if they can choose- gain work experience, self confidence, skills- good for CVs, career, university admissions, employers3 Try to write 5 sentences IdeaExplain (2 or 3 sentences) ExampleOn the other hand, the opportunity to do voluntary community service could be extremely positive for high school students. By making these programmes optional, schools would ensure that only motivated students took part. These young people would gain valuable experience in an adult working environment, which could help to build their self confidence and enhance their skills. Having such experience and skills on their CVs could greatly improve school leavers’career prospects. For example, a period of voluntary work experience might impress a university admissions officer or a future employer.Linking words do not help your “vocabulary” score. Examiners want to see “topic vocabulary”.blue - linking words green - Topic vocabulary red – paraphrasingLesson 4: Conclusions- One sentence - No new information - Paraphrasing to show variety1. Discussion questionIn many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime,but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom.Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks?IntroductionIt is true that video surveillance has become commonplace in many cities in recent years. While I understand that critics may see this as an invasion of privacy, I believe that there are more benefits than drawbacks.ConclusionIn conclusion, I would argue that the advantages of using video security systems in public places dooutweigh the disadvantages.2. Opinion questionFamilies who send their children to private schools should not be required to pay taxes that support the state education system.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?IntroductionSome people believe that parents of children who attend private schools should not need to contribute to state schools through taxes. Personally, I completely disagree with this view.ConclusionIn conclusion, I do not believe that any financial concessions should be made for people who chooseprivate education.3. Problem and solution questionIn the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.What problems will this cause for individuals and society?Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.IntroductionIt is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.ConclusionIn conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.4. Two-part questionThere are many different types of music in the world today.Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays?IntroductionIt is true that a rich variety of musical styles can be found around the world. Music is a vital part of all human cultures for a range of reasons, and I would argue that traditional music is more important than modern, international music.ConclusionIn conclusion, music is a necessary part of human existence, and I believe that traditional music should be given more importance than international music.Lesson 5: PlanningSome people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone.Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 10-minute essay plan, 3 steps:1. Read and understand the question2. Plan your essay structure3. Plan ideas for the 2 main paragraphs1. Read and understand the question - highlight / underline key parts2. Plan your essay structure (4 paragraphs)1. Introduction: topic + answer[ topic ] – study in groups or alone[ answer ] – sometimes better alone, usually better in a group2. Benefits of studying alone3. Benefits of group study (my view)4. Conclusion: repeat answer - both have benefits, but I prefer group3. Plan ideas for the 2 main paragraphs (6 minutes)- brainstorm, note down any ideas you have- develop ideas in detail- keep asking yourself “why?”- think of examples to support your ideas- finally, try to group related ideas (number them)Lesson 6: Opinion essay ---- Do YOU agree or disagree? ( You CAN use “I” ,“my” or “in my opinion” )The money spent by governments on space programmes would be better spent on vital public services such as schools and hospitals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (275 words, band 9)1. Introduction: [ topic ] –government spending[ answer ] – agree, public services instead of space projects2. Explain why “space” spending should be stoppedexpensive (scientists, facilities, equipment),no benefits to normal people, politicians showing power,waste of money when project fail, risk of accidents, death e.g.challenger space shuttle3. Explain why public service spending is bettercheaper e.g. doctors, teachers, police instead of astronautspublic service impact on everyonewe all use schools, hospitals, police, roads etc.reduce poverty, better quality of life4. Conclusion: repeat answer – spend on services that benefit us allGovernments in some countries spend large amounts of money onspace exploration programmes. I completely agree with the ideathat these are a waste of money, and that the funds should beallocated to public services.There are several reasons why space programmes should beabandoned. Firstly, it is extremely expensive to train scientists andother staff involved with space missions, and facilities andequipment also come at a huge cost to the government. Secondly,these programmes do not benefit normal people in our daily lives;they are simply vanity projects for politicians. Finally, manymissions to space fail completely, and the smallest technologicalerror can cost astronauts their lives. The Challenger space shuttledisaster showed us that space travel is extremely dangerous, andin my opinion it is not worth the risk.I believe that the money from space programmes should go to vitalpublic services instead. It is much cheaper to train doctors,teachers, police and other public service workers than it is to trainastronauts or the scientists and engineers who work on spaceexploration projects. Furthermore, public servants do jobs that havea positive impact on every member of society. For example, we alluse schools, hospitals and roads, and we all need the security thatthe police provide. If governments reallocated the money spent onspace travel and research, many thousands of people could belifted out of poverty or given a better quality of life.In conclusion, my view is that governments should spend money onservices that benefit all members of society, and it is wrong towaste resources on projects that do not improve our everyday lives.Lesson 7: Discussion essaySome people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (270 words, band 9)1. Introduction:[ topic ] –competition or co-operation?[ answer ] –benefits of both, co-operation more important2. Why encourage competition?motivation,work harder, be better than other children,self confidence, independent work, faster progress,competitive situation when leave school e.g. job interviews,prepared for adult life3. Why teach co-operation? (my view)co-operation even more important,e.g. at work (team, follow boss’s instructions, help junior staff),collaboration more useful than winning,better attitude for young people,working together4. Conclusion: repeat answer – accept both views, co-operation betterPeople have different views about whether children should be taught to becompetitive or co-operative. While a spirit of competition can sometimes beuseful in life,I believe that the ability to co-operate is more important.On the one hand, competition can be a great source of motivation forchildren. When teachers use games or prizes to introduce an element ofcompetitiveness into lessons, it can encourage children to work harder tooutdo the other pupils in the class. This kind of healthy rivalry may help tobuild children’s self confidence, while pushing them to work independentlyand progress more quickly. When these children leave school, theirconfidence and determination will help them in competitive situations suchas job interviews. It can therefore be argued that competition should beencouraged in order to prepare children for adult life.On the other hand, it is perhaps even more important to prepare childrenfor the many aspects of adult life that require co-operation. In the workplace,adults are expected to work in teams, follow instructions given by theirsuperiors, or supervise and support the more junior members of staff.Team collaboration skills are much more useful than a competitivedetermination to win. This is the attitude that I believe schools should fosterin young people. Instead of promoting the idea that people are eitherwinners or losers, teachers could show children that they gain more fromworking together.In conclusion, I can understand why people might want to encouragecompetitiveness in children, but it seems to me that a co-operative attitudeis much more desirable in adult life.Lesson 8: Problem and solution essayIn many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? (270 words, band 9)1. Introduction:[ topic ] –student behaviour in schools[ answer ] – variety of reasons, steps can be taken to tackle2. Cause of bad student behaviourparents not strict (too leninent), children don’t accept teachers’ instructions or school rules,teachers’ fault, no control, bad classroom management,influence of celebrities who are bad example3. My suggested solutionsparents set rules for children, use punishments, actions have consequences,schools train teachers and parents, discipline techniques, better communication,famous people act as role models4. Conclusion: repeat answer – summarise the problem and stepsIt is true that the behaviour of school pupils in some parts of the worldhas been getting worse in recent years. There are a variety ofpossible reasons for this, but steps can definitely be taken to tacklethe problem.In my opinion, three main factors are to blame for the way youngpeople behave at school nowadays. Firstly, modern parents tend tobe too lenient or permissive. Many children become accustomed togetting whatever they want, and they find it difficult to accept thedemands of teachers or the limits imposed on them by school rules.Secondly, if teachers cannot control their students, there must be anissue with the quality of classroom management training or supportwithin schools. Finally, children are influenced by the behaviour ofcelebrities, many of whom set the example that success can beachieved without finishing school.Student behaviour can certainly be improved. I believe that thechange must start with parents, who need to be persuaded that it isimportant to set firm rules for their children. When childrenmisbehave or break the rules, parents should use reasonablepunishments to demonstrate that actions have consequences. Also,schools could play an important role in training both teachers andparents to use effective disciplinary techniques, and in improving thecommunication between both groups. At the same time, famouspeople, such as musicians and football players, need to understandthe responsibility that they have to act as role models to children.In conclusion, schools will continue to face discipline problemsunless parents, teachers and public figures set clear rules anddemonstrate the right behaviour themselves.Lesson 9: Two-part essayNews editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Do we become used to bad news, and would it be better if more good news was reported? (285 words, band 9)1. Introduction: [ topic ] –decisions about news stories[ answer ] – variety of factors, yes too much bad news2. Factors that influence news editorsinterest or attract viewers / readersinform the public, important issue and events, in the public interestpressure from owners, promote political views3. Too much bad news, should report more goodaccustomed to bad news,war, crime, natural, disasters, human suffering,desensitizes us, cynical about the world,prefer positive news, e.g. medical workers, volunteers, kindness,news to inspire us4. Conclusion: repeat answer – difficult news choices, more positiveIt is true that editors have to make difficult decisions about which news storiesthey broadcast or publish, and their choices are no doubt influenced by avariety of factors. In my opinion, we are exposed to too much bad news, and Iwould welcome a greater emphasis on good news.Editors face a range of considerations when deciding what news stories tofocus on. Firstly, I imagine that they have to consider whether viewers orreaders will be interested enough to choose their television channel or theirnewspaper over competing providers. Secondly, news editors have aresponsibility to inform the public about important events and issues, and theyshould therefore prioritise stories that are in the public interest. Finally, editorsare probably under some pressure from the owners who employ them. Forexample, a newspaper owner might have particular political views that he orshe wants to promote.It seems to me that people do become accustomed to negative news. We areexposed on a daily basis to stories about war, crime, natural disasters andtragic human suffering around the world. I believe that such repeatedexposure gradually desensitizes people, and we become more cynical aboutthe world and more sceptical that we can do anything to change it. I wouldprefer to see more positive news stories, such as reports of the work ofmedical staff after a natural disaster, or the kindness of volunteers who help intheir communities. This kind of news might inspire us all to lead better lives.In conclusion, it must be extremely difficult for editors to choose which newsstories to present, but I would like to see a more positive approach to this vitalpublic service.。
雅思写作讲座(新航道)lesson 1
Requirements
1. 认真阅读历年真题 2. 对应相应不太会写的内容做提纲训练 3. 写作文后自己修改 （语法，词汇）-先质后量 4. 教师批改后自己再次修改 5. 在复习时候，应该针对话题然后按照题型训 练
WRITING
雅思写作的训练方法
（1）精读 （2）互译 （3）改写
何为模板？
有用网站
一. TR（Task Response任务反应情况） 二. CC（Coherence& Cohension连贯和衔接）
三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源）
四. GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法 范围和精确度）
WRITING
英文写作的特点：(第一条评分标准）
IELTS WRITING：TASK II
低于Band 5的六种技术情况：
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 没有完成写作任务 格式错误 字迹模糊，难以辨认 Task 1和Task 2写反 攻击考官
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
不能缩写 不能格式混乱 不能使用口语化词语 不能英式英语美式英语混用 while 的用法 字迹模糊，难以辨认 Task 1和Task 2写反 题型判断错误
IELTS WRITING：TASK II
三. LR（Lexical Resources词汇资源） 正式，准确，多样 四.
GR&A（Grammatical Range& Accuracy语法 范围和精确度） 准确，多样，时态，简单句+复杂句
四大问题
语 法
注意!!!
词汇 搭配
组织 逻辑 写作技巧
中式思维 中式语序 中式表达方式
雅思剑17t1写作第二篇范文
雅思剑17t1写作第二篇范文题目：In some countries, more and more people are becoming interestedin finding out about the history of the house or building they live in. What are the reasons for this? How can people research this?In recent years, there has been a growing trend among folks in certain countries to dig into the history of their abodes. Well, there are several groovy reasons for this curious phenomenon.First off, it's all about a sense of connection. People these days are like roots seeking plants. We all want to feel like we belong somewhere. Knowing the history of your house is like finding out about your family tree but for your living space. For example, if you discover that your house was once home to a famous artist or a heroic figure from the past, it gives you a special link to that era and a real feeling of pride. It's like your house has a story to tell, and you become a part of that story.Another nifty reason is the simple love for mystery and discovery. Humans are natural-born explorers. When we come home every day, we start to wonder what secrets those walls might be hiding. Maybe there were wild parties in the 1920s in the very living room where you now watch TV. Or perhaps a long lost treasure was once buried in the backyard. Unraveling these mysteries is like going on a mini adventure without even leaving your home.Now, let's talk about how one can actually do this research. One super cool way is to talk to the neighbors, especially the old timers. These guys are like walking history books. They might remember all kinds of juicy details about your house like who built it, when it was renovated last, andif there were any strange happenings. It's like having a free and friendly source of information right next door.Another great avenue is to check out local archives. These places are like time capsules filled with old maps, building permits, and newspaper clippings. You might find an old photo of your house looking all spiffy in the 1950s or a news article about some big event that took place there. And don't forget about the Internet. There are all sorts of websites and forums where people share stories about old buildings. You might just strike gold and find someone who has some inside scoop on your place.In conclusion, the trend of people getting interested in their house's history is a really fascinating one. It's driven by our need for connection and our love for discovery. And with a bit of legwork, chatting with neighbors, exploring local archives, and surfing the net, we can all uncover the hidden tales of our homes.。
剑桥雅思IELTS第二篇大作文task 2 讲义
如何通过有效审题来提高写作速度！关于审题1. 30s 读懂题目生词: 现场—猜在家—通读机经2. 1m 判断题型—回忆结构—预计文章body 段篇幅3. 3m-8m 列出body 段的提纲(points/ideas列出—筛选—对于驳论文决定立场—重新排序Brainstorming: 越多越好筛选: 没有词汇支持、很难讲清楚的、论证力度较弱的选择立场: 论据充分，容易写重新排序: 分段At home VS nursing house优点1. 与家人情感交流 1. friends: topic & interest2. 方便照顾2. pro. Medical care→ Customized emergency3. 尽孝道→责任义务3. colorful life→ 单身4. share house work 4. we won’t be distracted → adult children can 同左focus on career反方缺点5. 右边费用高 5. 子女工作忙，在家孤独服务不好排序1. pro medical care→ healthprobl em → facility+equipment+staff→ care →emergency →quicklyrespond → accident/tragedy2. adult children don’t need to worryabout…→ focus on career3. friends+activity→ peers → share same topic and interest→ psychological problems can beavoided. → children have little time→ job to dobody 段1示范Most obviously and importantly, aged parents can be well tended in nursing houses. As is known to all, old people, usually suffering from the pain of diseases or the potential health hazards, can receive professional care in nursing houses, where first-class medical facilities are equipped andexperienced staff are always available. Furthermore, when emergency happens, nursing houses will definitely responde more promptly than children who are not likely to be with their parents all the time, and for this reason, accidents and tradegy can be avoided. At a deeper level, adults don’t have to be distracted to worry about their parents, so they can better focus on their career, which benefits the society to some extent.Admittedly, staying in home and being taken care of by their own children can give old people a stronger sense of family bound. However, for most people, nursing houses offer more advantages and minimize the possible risks. Therefore, …重申立场Some people think that the use of aircraft is not practical and causes many problems thus should be reduced. Do you agree or disagree?***驳论文段落结构1. 开头段: 话题引入(背景句+考题观点改写+ 本人立场中立--清晰写明2. body段(2-3paras : 支持/反对的原因3. 让步:(反方观点的理由 (yes and no 中立时应该和正面篇幅相当4. 结尾段: 重申立场（yes or no/ A or B 可以和让步合并在一段）Some people think that the use of aircraft is not practical and causes many problems thus should be reduced . Do you agree or disagree?I. 开头段A: 背景句思路—话题引出Tips:1. 逻辑完整2. 可以借助功能句: 内容决定语言Nowadays, …are playing increasingly ***part/role in /when…⏹ In the present days, with the development of（thanks to ***）…, *** is becoming more and more *** …⏹Today the way we do …… is heavily influenced by XXXX.⏹ Recent years has witnessed the great development/changes of XXX.3. 开头句思路从论据联想 (把正文中可能不需要详细拓展的论据，写在开头段4. 名人名言，举例，报道，新闻，故事。
2023.09.02雅思Task2：教育的目的
Some people believe the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to society. Others say the purpose of education is to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.范文及解析IntroductionIn the contemporary world，many thoughtful teachers, scholars and even statement have propounded that education isa pathway to equip the pliable minds with characteristics and talents that confer needed contribution to societal progress. Yet we are still unable to decide whether overarching aim ofeducation should tilt in favor of societal values or individual aspirations.解析今天，许多有思想的教师、学者甚至政治家都提出，教育是一种途径使柔韧头脑具备为社会进步做出必要贡献的特点和才能。
然而，我们仍然无法决定教育的总体目标是应该倾向于社会价值还是个人愿望。
❖propound 提出v.❖pathway 途径n.❖the pliable minds 柔韧头脑，比喻学生❖confer 授予v.❖overarching 首要的adj.❖tilt in favor of 倾向于Body 1Exacerbating rivalry in the internationalcommunity, compounded by ongoing challenges ranging from displacement of traditional jobs caused by automationto lingering effects of Covid-19 have underscored the significance of planning new citizens in order to parallel shifting demands to hopefully gather momentum for a more sustainable development. Some social advancement would demand labors experienced in agriculture, chip making or service sectors, while others would necessitate citizenswith civic spirits for community engagements and volunteering.However, whether the aforementioned notion becomes exceedingly nebulous is dependent on whether pupils' intrinsic desires are satisfied. If both educators and the educational system deny young brains' individuality in personal quest, it appears that a circle of victimization wouldnever cease.解析国际社会的竞争加剧，再加上自动化导致的传统工作岗位被取代，以及新冠肺炎疫情的挥之不去的影响，这些都凸显了规划新公民的重要性，以适应不断变化的需求，为更可持续的发展积聚动力。
新航道雅思语法名词性从句PPT课件
THANKS
感谢观看
主语从句
定义
用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。
构成
关联词+简单句。
关联词类型
1. 陈述句用that；2. 一般疑问句用whether；3.特殊疑问句用疑问词。
注意事项
1. 主语从句不可省略；2. 主语从句不可用逗号与后面的句子分开；3. 主句主语和从句主语一致，从句可直接放在句尾，不用连接词。
宾语从句
被动语态的使用
在需要强调动作承受者时，可以使用被动语态，使句子更加 清晰明了。
05
名词性从句在雅思写作中的应用
写作中常用的名词性从句类型
主语从句
用作主语的名词性从句，如 “What he said is not true.”
宾语从句
用作宾语的名词性从句，如“I believe that climate change is real.”
引导词错误
使用了错误的引导词，如“I think that you are right, because you are always right.”应改为 “I think that you are right, because of your excellent performance.”
从句冗长复杂
新航道雅思语法名词性从 句ppt课件
• 名词性从句概述 • 名词性从句的构成 • 名词性从句的引导词 • 名词性从句的特殊用法 • 名词性从句在雅思写作中的应用
雅思考试经验分享讲座报告范文
雅思考试经验分享讲座报告（范文）尊敬的各位考生：今天我来分享一下一些我在雅思考试中的经验和技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。
1.听力。
我认为配对题是最难的题型，因为每个选项都是对的，选错了一个就会导致整个答案的错误。
所以我在备考过程中，特别注重这个题型的训练。
我会在练习中梳理出每个选项的特点，力求尽量准确地把握住题意。
2.阅读。
阅读部分的做法各有不同，我个人的经验是先通读全文，把握文章主旨和段落结构，然后再细读每个段落，寻找答案。
在阅读时，尽量不要死抱着自己预先设定的答案不放，要保持开放心态，虚心求教。
同时，大家也可以多做一些真题的阅读材料，多模拟考试的题目和环境，以便更好地适应考试。
3.写作。
在写作方面，我最重要的经验是要清晰明了地表达自己的观点。
一定要用简洁的句子，清晰的思路来表述。
此外，也需要注意词汇的使用，要用恰当的单词和词组来表达自己的想法。
在写作练习中，我还建议大家多看一些优秀的范文，从中学习别人的用语、句式和逻辑思维方式，吸收好的写作习惯。
4.口语。
口语考试十分紧张，建议大家提前准备好自己的话题库，并且多进行练习和模拟考试，不断提高自己的表达能力和思维能力。
还有一个技巧就是在回答问题时，充分利用一些固定的套语和谚语，这样可以更好地展现个人的语言功底，同时也可以使回答更加有条理和规范。
对于雅思考试还有一些注意事项和细节问题需要注意。
首先是时间的安排，要准确掌握考试时间和各个部分的时间限制，以免耽误其他部分的答题时间。
其次，要注意填写答题卡的规范和正确性，尤其是在填写听力和阅读部分的时候，需要仔细核对答案和题号，避免将答案填错位置。
同时，在考试的时候，要保持良好的心态和精力，不要因为过于紧张而影响答题效果。
关于备考材料和课程的选择，我建议大家选择正规的、专业的培训机构，如新航道和环球教育等，可以根据自己的实际情况和需求来选择相应的课程和模拟测试，这样可以更好地掌握考试的知识和技巧。
同时，在备考过程中，多利用一些免费的资源，如网络上的听力和阅读材料，可以帮助大家提高词汇量和语言表达能力。
雅思写作小作文二
小作文精讲（一）-------柱状图（bar chart）migrant amphibian seaweed gorilla ocean river stream pool pond lakePest insecticide killer whale sperm whale terrestrial aquatic marine lifeEndanger habit habitat nutrient vegetation vegetarian threatenLog restrict=inhibit=restrain maintain territory territorial generateEmerge connect =depend on=lean on=count on erosion intact HR resource Source nurture nurse discard=abandon vital=important =significant =critical abundant =lush sustain overestimate underestimate preserve strip=depriveFracture hibernate hide+ber+nate decline=fall=reduce=depress legal illegalFragile reproduce 同位语require measure be sufficient toEnsure emphasis emphasize=highlight=stress expansion justified=reasonable Destination include exclude graduate postgraduate一写作思路及技巧1.看清横纵轴分别代表什么。
（多数都是纵轴代表百分比，横轴代表时间，年龄，频度等。
雅思写作大作文常见话题及分论点总结
常见话题分类及分论点词汇短语总结⼀一.教育1. 学习⾳音乐、体育的重要性培养团队精神和思考能⼒力Foster team spirit critical thinking提升⽂文化修养和对⽂文学艺术的欣赏⽔水平self-cultivation, an appreciation of art and literature.提⾼高⾝身体素质，养成良好的⽣生活习惯Develop physical fitness, healthy lifestyle2. 学习数学的重要性培养独⽴立思考、创造性思考、分析和解决问题能⼒力independent and critical thinking, analysing skills and problem-solving ability数学是很多学科的基础Fundamental subject3.孩⼦子是否应该obey the rules由于年轻和缺乏经验，孩⼦子容易误⼊入歧途，所以很多时候他们需要⽼老师和⽗父母的建议和指导。
go astrayInexperienced be more likely to do孩⼦子迟早都要⾃自⼰己做决定，如果他们从⼩小只会服从命令，那么会慢慢失去主见。
the ability and desire to form their own opinion4.孩⼦子成长谁负责？parents家长以⾃自⼰己为榜样，帮助孩⼦子形成正确的⼈人⽣生观和价值观role modelhelp foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life孩⼦子早年⼤大部分时间与家长在⼀一起，家长塑造孩⼦子们的性格Shape personalityteacher/ school传授理论知识impart knowledge platform提⾼高⼈人际交往能⼒力interpersonal skills媒体对孩⼦子的影响Questionable contents教育类核⼼心词汇：theoretical 理论的practical 实际的scope of knowledge 知识⾯面lighten the burden of 减轻...的负担nurture 培养，教育 motivation 动⼒力physical ⾝身体上的psychological ⼼心理上的intelligence 智⼒力，智能intellectual 智⼒力的，有智⼒力的，n. 知识分⼦子motivate 激发potential 潜在的，潜⼒力talent 天才，才能qualify （使）具有资格discipline 纪律，学科subject 科⽬目，学科adolescent 青少年，青春期的mature 成熟的interactive 互动的，交互式的learn by rote 死记硬背feedback 反馈learner-oriented 以学⽣生为导向的exam-oriented education 应试教育force-feed the students 填鸭式教法教学⽣生raise family 养家achieve life value 实现⼈人⽣生价值degree factory 学历⼯工⼚厂all-rounded 全⾯面的impart knowledge 传授知识obtain/ acquire/gain knowledge and skills获得知识和技能quality education素质教育team spirit 团队精神become qualified employees 成为合格雇员adapt to 适应某事dampen the students’ enthusiasm 打击学⽣生的积极性enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富了社会和⽣生活阅历practical and professional skills 实⽤用的职业技能become competitive in the job market 在职场上有竞争⼒力make contributions to social progress 对社会进步做出贡献encourage students to think critically and independently ⿎鼓励学⽣生批判地和独⽴立地思考promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development促进学⽣生的⾝身体、智⼒力和情感发展help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 帮助年轻⼈人树⽴立正确的价值观、世界观、⼈人⽣生观A school is society in miniature. 学校是社会的⼀一个缩影。
(完整word版)雅思作文写作Task 2 第六课时—causes+solutions类
学生
面授老师
时间
本次课时
IELTS写作第六课时
教学思路
1.作文简介、写作技巧
2。实例讲解
3。课后作业
教学目标
1.causes+solutions类作文理论分析
2.causes+solutions类写作技巧及写作方法
3。 学习写作思路
讲解重点
写作理论分析
5)…越多，似乎…越少 As more and more…, there would seem to be less and less…
6)但是对于这个问题的解决，在世界范围内毫无进展 Yet little has been done to solve this problem worldwide。
主体段二：
Among a myriad of suggested solutions t/plans for _____ /moves toward _____ /ideas on _____)， three have begun to stand （/stick） out。 First of all, _____. An equally effective measure （/solution/recipe) is _____. Last but not least, _____。
1.题目分析
题目意思：在许多国家，学生的行为有很严重的问题。指出其原因并给出解决建议.
审题关键：严重注意写作指引，写作过程中一定要体现出causes and solutions。
从结构上来看:这篇文章的题型是causes+solutions，因此文章可以分为三个部分：首段引入话题，正文第一段指出这一现象的原因,正文第二段对于这一现象的解决建议，结尾段对于原因和解决措施进行总结。
雅思写作之小作文(讲义1-2课)
机密雅思写作之小作文张家铭CHRISSelf-intro 张家铭Chris四级，考研，TOEFL ，SAT ，GRE ，IELTS ，GMAT.微博：@张家铭Chris微信：zjmxhxmm已接受雅思写作TASK 1TASK 2分数目标 6.5-7分范文分析The graph below shows average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per person in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007. (C11T3W1)范文分析Living in a country where you have to speak a foreign language can cause serious social problems, as well as practical problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? (C13T1W2)It is clear that living in a foreign country has its own benefits and drawbacks to consider.I agree with this statement;however I think that anybody coming in another country should respect national culture.In this essay,I would like to outline the social and practical problems.The social problems would be language barrier,which means that a person coming from another country might not be able to speak and understand the language which might be a problem as far a person who is living in a country,and a person who came in the country.Another problem is linked to the language barrier,but it might influence the behaviour of others.An individual who come into the country might offend others with their behaviour or language.For example;some cultures like English people prefer to be very polite and say things differently from other cultures.Therefore,a person who doesn’t know how to behave in a particular culture might offend others around him.The practical problems would be misunderstanding of culture.That means that a person who visits other countries does not understand other culture and he behaves as he wants to.The second practical problem is finding a job.An individual who works in foreign country might not be appropriate for people who he serves.For example if an individual works in a restaurant,the people who live in a country and they were born in that country might not respect and not like the behaviour of a person who works in a restaurant,it might be because,the cultures are different.To summarise,it can be said that there are a lot of misconceptions which people have when they come in a foreign country,and in my opinion and from my personal experience people should educate themselves in order to know how to behave in different situations with different cultures.TASK 11.题型综述2.Task1的段落结构3.趋势的表达4.副词的写法5.常用短语的介绍Task 1 的六大题型题型考点与难点难度星级Pie chart Diversity of describing percentages **Bar chartCombination ****Line/curve chartTrends & classification ***TableHow to list statistics effectively ****diagramWriting sequence& imagination ****map Location/change *****Task1的段落结构1.Opening改写题目2.Body宏观描写：图标整体特征(main feature)微观描写：趋势，关键数值，对比等3.Ending/Conclusion明显特征：图中稳定的一些趋势、特征，极值隐藏特征：合理客观推理信息Opening一：换词：show:describe,illustrate,demonstrate proportion / percentageinformation / datanumber / figurecategories / kinds / types二.换句Opening 句型1As is shown / illustrated / demonstrated in the (1)图的类型，the (2)图的单位(number/amount/percentage/figure) of 图的主题(3)图的主要趋势(4)图的时间趋势：vary —动态图Differ —静态图(4)图的时间From...to...During...and...within...The graph below shows the difference modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city, in 1950,1970 and 1990.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.As is shown in the (1)图的类型, the (2)图的单位of 图的主题(3)图的主要趋势(4)图的时间As is demonstrated in the bar chart, the percentage of travellers to and from work by different modes of transport in one European city varied dramatically from 1950 to 1990.句型2The _____ chart(s) illustrate(s) a clearpicture/overview/information of the characteristics and trends(differentiation/contrast) of _____ .The table below shows the kilometers of route,date opened and passengers per year of the underground railway system in 6 cities.▪The table illustrates the differentiation concerning the length of route, launching year and the annual capacity of the metro system in6 metropolises.句型3▪两图题▪The ____ graph describes data(趋势) about ___ whilst the ____ chart illustrates information about ________.The line graph describes data about water use worldwide while thetable illustrates information about consumption in two different countries –Brazil and Congo.▪剑6 Test 1▪The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.Ending/Conclusion写1~2句结论:合理，客观即可1.明显特征：图中稳定的一些趋势、特征，极值2.隐藏特征：合理客观推理信息明显特征1.Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.2.what is worth mentioning is that before1989 beef was the most popular food and after that chicken became the most consumed meat.trend四种趋势：涨跌平波上涨下跌平稳波动increase decrease词语说明词语说明common words rise fallgrow declineclimb dropswell sinkPreferred words rocket90plummetsoar60slumpsurge45subsideboom30ebbascend20slidecreep up<10creep downSpecial words accrue小平涨abate小平跌leap大平涨plunge大平跌上升表达例1：意大利的工业产值增长了5%。
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IELTS WRITING
1. Museum or library and computer? 2. Ourter space research? 3. Artistic projects?
IELTS WRITING
6).主体分开看待 主体分开看待 Should old building be pulled down?
IELTS WRITING
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 我打你 政府给钱父母在家照顾小孩 看电视 寄宿学校的利弊 老年人住家还是养老院 Nowadays, many rich countries offer help to poor countries. Do you think its disadvantages outweigh advantages?
IELTS WRITING
Lesson Two: 分论点的思维方法
IELTS WRITING
如何写分论点： 如何写分论点：
1).内部参与主体 2).外部涉及人员和机构 3).分情况 4).本质 5).成本 6).主体分开看待 7).反驳 反驳
IELTS WRITING 1). 事件的内部参与者在经历这件事情后所 发生的变化：
IELTS WRITING
后果6： 后果 ：反驳历史无用 Some people might hold the view that history is no use to us because the historic event would not necessarily happen today. However, the great function of history is to analyze a current situation, when it is not necessary to know if there was an exactly similar event in history. (For example, to invest in the stock market, one has to review the historic records in the past years. Although history would not necessarily reoccur, it does tell him the possibility of potential changes, which is essential for the judgment. Therefore, rather than totally relying on history, people should use history as a mirror to reach some conclusions for current issues. )
Individual
健康 心理 情感 道德 教育技能 physical health psychological soundness emotion morality （moral norm and ethic codes） education (academic achievements) and skill →career development 家庭 （parents, husband + wife, children） 权利 right 生活方式 way of life 成本 time and efficiency
IELTS WRITING
2.
Some consider that history is little or no use to us. Others believe that studying history helps us to know the present. Discuss their views and give your own opinion.
IELTS WRITING
1. Nowadays, many rich countries offer help to poor countries. Do you think its disadvantages outweigh advantages? 2. Free care？ 3. Tourism？ 4. Detailed description of crime? 5. Unpaid job?
Country
Political Economic Cultural Social
Social
1. 消除贫困halving/eliminate/reduce poverty 2. 消除疾病,尤其是艾滋病disease 3. 扫除文盲,普及小学教育illiteracy 4. 保护环境:生态平衡,Ecosystem (equilibrium) balance 物种的多样性 (biodiversity 5. 维护妇女基本权益和平等的社会地位和尊严 feminism , women, female, Social structure/status/dignity,
IELTS WRITING 系统包括： 系统包括：
全社会(society) 全世界(world) 全球经济(world/global economy) 自然环境 (nature and environment) 传统文化 (traditional culture) 家庭 (family) 国际地位（international reputation/status)
IELTS WRITING
后果1： 个人学历史， 后果 ： 个人学历史，个人了解现在为将来做怎样的准备 History enables individuals to know how to prepare for their future careers. (The stories of quite a few social elites, including Confucius and George Washingtion, have numerous readers, the vast majority of whom have been stimulated to work hard for the personal success. It is true that each individual has his own characteristic and growing envionment. However, to find a suitable role model should not be to difficult, because at least there were so many heroes and heroines in Chinese and world history.)
3. Unpaid work or not?(C3-74-164)
IELTS WRITING
4).看本质 事物的特殊属性必然导致某个结果。 看本质:事物的特殊属性必然导致某个结果。 看本质
In many countries, the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend make positive or negative effects to the society? 或者： Should old people be forced to retire at a certain age?
IELTS WRITING
1. Nowadays, many rich countries offer help to poor countries. Do you think its disadvantages outweigh advantages? 2. Tell the truth in any relations?
IELTS WRITING
2). 外部涉及人员和机构
事件的内部参与者以外的事物（系统） 事件的内部参与者以外的事物（系统）在经历了该 事件以后所发生的变化： 事件以后所发生的变化： 系统包括：全社会，全世界，全球经济，自然，环境， 系统包括：全社会，全世界，全球经济，自然，环境， 传统文化，家庭等。 传统文化，家庭等。富国帮助穷国可能会对整个世 界经济有影响。 界经济有影响。
上面的分论点常用的思维方式得到的分论点往往可 以用下面的句型表达。 1. A---(a,b,c…)直接结果….(a’,b’, c’)间接结果 1) 名词+动词+名词+补足语 “导致”含义的动词： A cause/stimulate/help/enable/force (a,b,c…) to do….
IELTS WRITING
分论点： 分论点： 后果1：政府学历史， 后果 ：政府学历史，政府了解现在的政策是否正确 Through history, the government can be informed whether their policies are on the right track. (for example, after the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), during which the relationship between China and rest of the world was cut off and the Chinese economy was virtually ruined, a new policy, namely the Open and Reform policy was carried out. Many experts were optimistic that the economy would soon be recovered and climb to a peak, which is now the case merely thirty years later, because historic experience indicated that when the social policy was open-minded and there were many channels to communicate with the world, the social policy economy would boom. Tang Dynasty, the climax of Chinese Dynasties in more than 2,000 years, could be a perfect example in this case.)