第七讲 系统功能语言学PPT课件
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素包含：话语范围（field of discourse)、话语基 调(tenor of discourse)、话语方式（mode of discourse)
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• Field of discourse • Subject matter and setting; subject matter
can be technical or non-technical. Voice is often constrained by field of discourse. • Tenor of discourse • Personal tenor and functional tenor; intimate or distant relationship; formality. • Mode of discourse • Medium and channel; spoken/ written; spoken to be written/ written to be spoken.
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• 语域的特点
（1）语域可以根据不同的精密度阶进行分类： 例如，科技英语可再分为数学英语、心理学 英语等语域；
• Genre ( the cultural context): the stages and structures of the texts.
• Ideology ( the values we hold, the biases and perspectives we adopt.) the dominant cultural beliefs and ideas.
• If you hear 30 please, it could be in a shop, but it is more likely to be on some form of public transport where the cost of the ticket is 30c; the meaning is 'I want one 30c ticket, please'.
2
• If you hear four hearts, it is probably not something taken from .a teenage romance novel, but a bid in a game of bridge: it can only occur at certain points in a certain card game.
• If you come across once upon a time, then you know immediately that you are being told a traditional story, probably a children's story. There is no other context in which that expression is used. You can therefore predict quite a lot not only about what is going to follow, but also about the situation in which that is actually being used; typically, let us say, someone reading out a story to a small child.
系统功能语言学（2）
1
• Context and text are closely related. We can predict the text from context, and prediction the context from the text. Halliday’s example:
• If you hear on your marks, then you know that it is a sports occasion at a school, probably a primary school, and that a race is about to begin; the teacher starting the rac来自百度文库 is saying on your marks, get set, go.
• We need to study context in detail. • Levels: register, genre, ideology
4
• Register: (following Martin’s theory): field, tenor and mode: referring to the situational context
5
1. 语域
• 人类所有的语言活动都是在一定的语境中发生的。 • 语域的界定：语域指的是“语言的功能变体”
（functional variety of language). • 所谓功能变体，就是因情景语境的变化而产生变化
的语言变化形式。 • 根据Gregory and Carroll (1978)的观点，语境因
3
• On the other hand, without the context, sometimes, it is difficult to know the meaning of the text:
• Since the relation between text and context is established, then the next question is: What dimensions of context have an impact on the use of language, and what dimensions of the text are affected by the particular dimensions of the context?
6
• Field of discourse • Subject matter and setting; subject matter
can be technical or non-technical. Voice is often constrained by field of discourse. • Tenor of discourse • Personal tenor and functional tenor; intimate or distant relationship; formality. • Mode of discourse • Medium and channel; spoken/ written; spoken to be written/ written to be spoken.
7
• 语域的特点
（1）语域可以根据不同的精密度阶进行分类： 例如，科技英语可再分为数学英语、心理学 英语等语域；
• Genre ( the cultural context): the stages and structures of the texts.
• Ideology ( the values we hold, the biases and perspectives we adopt.) the dominant cultural beliefs and ideas.
• If you hear 30 please, it could be in a shop, but it is more likely to be on some form of public transport where the cost of the ticket is 30c; the meaning is 'I want one 30c ticket, please'.
2
• If you hear four hearts, it is probably not something taken from .a teenage romance novel, but a bid in a game of bridge: it can only occur at certain points in a certain card game.
• If you come across once upon a time, then you know immediately that you are being told a traditional story, probably a children's story. There is no other context in which that expression is used. You can therefore predict quite a lot not only about what is going to follow, but also about the situation in which that is actually being used; typically, let us say, someone reading out a story to a small child.
系统功能语言学（2）
1
• Context and text are closely related. We can predict the text from context, and prediction the context from the text. Halliday’s example:
• If you hear on your marks, then you know that it is a sports occasion at a school, probably a primary school, and that a race is about to begin; the teacher starting the rac来自百度文库 is saying on your marks, get set, go.
• We need to study context in detail. • Levels: register, genre, ideology
4
• Register: (following Martin’s theory): field, tenor and mode: referring to the situational context
5
1. 语域
• 人类所有的语言活动都是在一定的语境中发生的。 • 语域的界定：语域指的是“语言的功能变体”
（functional variety of language). • 所谓功能变体，就是因情景语境的变化而产生变化
的语言变化形式。 • 根据Gregory and Carroll (1978)的观点，语境因
3
• On the other hand, without the context, sometimes, it is difficult to know the meaning of the text:
• Since the relation between text and context is established, then the next question is: What dimensions of context have an impact on the use of language, and what dimensions of the text are affected by the particular dimensions of the context?