医学英语考试试题

第1页 共6页第2页 共6页医学英语期末考试试卷（A 卷）课程名称 医学英语 任课教师 学院 专业 年级 班 姓名 校园卡号注意: 请将全部答案写入下表中，写在试卷其它地方不得分1. Match the following words with their Chinese meanings (2 points for eachword).1. pregnancy2. chromosome3. auscultation4. plexor5. mutation6. gerontology7. puberty8. thigh9. metastasis 10. adjacent A. 转移 B. 邻近的 C. 老年医学 D. 怀孕 E. 叩诊锤 F. 听诊 G . 大腿,股 H. 变化,突变 I. 染色体 J. 青春期2. Read the following paragraphs and choose the best answer for each question (2 points for each question).(1) Cancer metastasis is a complex, dynamic process that begins with dissemination ofcells from the primary tumor and culminates in the formation of clinically detectable, overt metastases at one or more discontinuous secondary sites. Evidence from in vivo video microscopy as well as PCR and immunohistochemical studies suggest that cancer cell dissemination is an early event in tumor progression and that cells may persist in a potentially dormant state for a prolonged period. Similarly, the mechanisms by which these disseminated cells initiate growth and complete the process of metastatic colonization remain largely unknown. Understanding signal transduction pathways regulating this final step of metastasis is therefore critical for successful clinical management. While genetic mutations or epigenetic changes may be required for a cell or group of cells to separate and survive distant from the primary tumor, the microenvironment within secondary tissues plays a substantial role in influencing whether disseminated cells survive and proliferate. Our work is focused on using metastasis suppressor proteins to gain insight into why the majority of disseminated cells, which should be fully malignant, do not proliferate immediately at secondary sites. The translational goal of this work is to identify targets for inhibiting metastatic growth and prolonging disease-free survival.11. Cancer metastasis culminates in the formation of clinically detectable metastases at ________discontinuous secondary sites. A. no B. one C. more D. one or more 12. PCR is a short form for______.A. polymerase chain reactionB. polymerase chain reactorC. polymerase chaining reactsD. polymerase change reaction 13. Cancer cell dissemination is _____event in tumor progression. A. a late B. a middle C. a final D. an early14. Whether disseminated cells survive and proliferate is actually determined by_____ of the disseminated cells.A. microstructuresB. living surroundingsC. numbersD. abilities 15. Many disseminated cells_____ at once at secondary sites.__________________________装____________________________订____________________________线__________________________A. proliferateB. do not growC. dieD. become malignant(2) Obesity has emerged as one of the most serious public health concerns in the 21st century. Obese children tend to become obese adults. The dramatic rise in pediatric obesity closely parallels the rapid increase in the prevalence of adult obesity. As overweight children become adults they face the multitude of health problems associated with obesity at younger ages. The morbidity and mortality associated with obesity continue to increase. Obesity is one of the leading causes of preventable death. Complications of obesity include cardiovascular risks, hypertension, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction, type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance, acanthosis nigricans, hepatic steatosis, premature puberty, hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome, obstructive sleep disorder, orthopedic complications, cholelithiasis and pseudotumor cerebri. Genetic and molecular and environmental factors play an important role in the assessment and management of obesity.16. Obese children_____ become obese adults.A. are easy toB. are difficult toC. neverD. completely17. The death rate related to obesity______.A. is decreasingB. is increasingC. stops increasingD. stops decreasing18. The authors list ______ complications of obesity in this material.A. 13B. 14C. 15D. 1619. According to the authors, ______play an important role in the assessment andmanagement of obesity.A. two factorsB. four factorsC. environmental factorsD. three factors20. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the main causes of preventabledeath?A. hypertensionB. obesityC. obstructive sleep disorderD. type 2 diabetes mellitus(3) Telomere shortening occurs concomitantly with organismal aging, and it is accelerated in the context of human diseases associated with mutations in telomerase, such as some cases of dyskeratosis congenita, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and aplastic anemia. People with these diseases, as well as Terc-deficient mice, show decreased lifespan coincidental with a premature loss of tissue renewal, which suggests that telomerase is rate-limiting for tissue homeostasis and organismal survival. These findings have gained special relevance as they suggest that telomerase activity and telomere length can directly affect the ability of stem cells to regenerate tissues. If this is true, stem cell dysfunction provoked by telomere shortening may be one of the mechanisms responsible for organismal aging in both humans and mice. Here, we will review the current evidence linking telomere shortening to aging and stem cell dysfunction.21. Organismal aging is accompanied by telomere shortening _______.A. at the same timeB. afterwardsC. in advanceD. in late life22. People with aplastic anemia show ______ lifespan.A. increasedB. shortenedC. unchangedD. prolonged23. ______ may affect the ability of stem cells to regenerate tissues directly.A. Telomerase lengthB. Telomere activityC. Telomerase activityD. A and B24. Stem cell dysfunction caused by telomere shortening may be one of the mechanisms of organismal aging in ______.A. humansB. telomeraseC. telomereD. humans and some animals25. This reading material is from the abstract of _______.A. an original research articleB. a case reportC. a review articleD. a letter to the editor3. Fill in the blanks with the right words (2 points for each blank). Transplantation refers 26 the transport of tumor cell fragments 27 surgical instruments 28 the surgeon’s gloved hands 29 sites away 30 the origin of the cancer.26. A. by B. from C. or D. to27. A. by B. from C. or D. to28. A. by B. from C. or D. to第3页共6页第4页共6页29. A. by B. from C. or D. to 30. A. by B. from C. or D. to第5页共6页第6页共6页。