小学英语语法-正文-4副词、比较句型

二、单词的性质

Lesson 3 扮演修饰语角色的词

10、副词

形容词修饰名词、代词，副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词等。（1）副词的分类

1）副词的种类

a.时间副词

now, then, early, before, soon, ago, today, yesterday

b.地点副词

here, there, far, near

c.频率副词

once, twice, again, sometimes有时候,seldom几乎不,never绝不often时常、常常, usually通常、大部分, always总是

d.程度副词

very, much, little, enough, too, quite, almost

e.方式副词

well, fast, slowly, gladly, easily, beautifully

f.表示“原因、理由、结果”的副词

therefore因此、所以, thus如此

g.表示“肯定；否定”的副词：yes, no, not

2）形容词变副词

a.形容词+ly

quickly, suddenly

b.以-y为结尾的形容词，把y变i加ly

happily, easily

c.以-le,-ue结尾的形容词，把e去掉加y（ly）

simply, truly

d.以ll结尾的形容词，只加y

fully

*名词+ly是形容词

manly有男子气概的，womanly女性化的，lovely可爱的，friendly友善的3）有许多单词既是形容词，又是副词

He is a hard worker.

He works hard.

形容词和副词形态相同的单词如下：

long, early, late, high, low, enough, much

4）副词词尾加-ly

形容词和副词相同的单词，词尾加-ly会变成具有抽象含义的副词。

The student came late. 这个学生迟到了。

Have you seen him lately? 最近你看到过他吗？

He who wishes to get pearls must dive deep in the sea.想要得到珍珠的人，必须潜入海底深处。deep：（空间性质的）深深地

I am deeply interested in the news. 我对那则消息很感兴趣。（抽象性质的）深刻地、强烈地

They buy cheap and sell dear. 他们低买高卖。

They won the battle dearly. 他们付出昂贵的代价，赢得了战争。

They won the battle cheaply. 他们并无太大损失，就在战争中获胜了。

其它特殊副词：

high 高的；高highly 非常

near 附近；就近nearly 几乎

hard 勤劳；努力hardly 几乎不

（2）副词的用法

1）副词的功能

副词能够修饰动词、形容词、其它副词，还能修饰名词、代词或整个句子。

a.修饰动词：Tom rises early in the morning.

b.修饰形容词：This book is very difficult.

c.修饰其它副词：He speaks English very well.

d.修饰名词：Even a child can do it.

e.修饰代词：Only he could answer the question.

f.修饰句子：Certainly he will succeed.

2）副词的位置

a.修饰形容词或其它副词时，副词放在所修饰的对象前面。

This book is very interesting.

b.修饰动词的副词置于动词后面。如果动词后面有宾语，副词放在宾语后面。如果宾语太长，就把它移到副词后面。

The old man walked slowly.

I wrote the letter carefully.

He admitted frankly that he had stolen the watch. 他承认是他偷了手表。

c.频率副词的位置

频率副词（always,usually等）置于一般动词之前，be动词之后。“助动词+频率副词+一般动词”

Ann always comes on time.

Ann is always on time.

Ann has always come on time.

Does she always come on time?

d.两个以上的副词（短语）放在同一个句子中的顺序

“地点+方式+时间”：They drove downtown quickly this morning.

“小单位+大单位”：I will call on you at ten o’clock next Wednesday.

地点副词和方式副词的顺序可以调换。

She played beautifully in the concert last night. 她昨晚在音乐会中演奏得很棒。

e.修饰整个句子的副词，放在句首或是主语和动词之间。

Fortunately he didn’t die.

His sister clearly loves your elder brother.