ASTM-B117-2016-操作盐雾测试机的标准实验方法(中文)

合集下载

ASTM B117_Salt Spray

Designation:B 117–03Standard Practice forOperating Salt Spray (Fog)Apparatus 1This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B 117;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1This practice covers the apparatus,procedure,and conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog)test environment.Suitable apparatus which may be used is described in Appendix X1.1.2This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci-men or exposure periods to be used for a speciﬁc product,nor the interpretation to be given to the results.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information and may be approximate.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:B 368Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog)Testing (CASS Test)2D 609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint,Varnish,Conversion Coatings,and Related Coating Products 3D 1193Speciﬁcation for Reagent Water 4D 1654Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments 3E 70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode 5E 691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method 6G 85Practice for Modiﬁed Salt Spray (Fog)Testing 73.Signiﬁcance and Use3.1This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion resistance information for specimens of metals and coated metals exposed in a given test chamber.3.2Prediction of performance in natural environments has seldom been correlated with salt spray results when used as stand alone data.3.2.1Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-mance based on exposure to the test environment provided by this practice are not always predictable.3.2.2Correlation and extrapolation should be considered only in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmo-spheric exposures have been conducted.3.3The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposure is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the evaluation criteria selected,as well as the control of the operating variables.In any testing program,sufficient repli-cates should be included to establish the variability of the results.Variability has been observed when similar specimens are tested in different fog chambers even though the testing conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-ﬁed in this practice.4.Apparatus4.1The apparatus required for salt spray (fog)exposure consists of a fog chamber,a salt solution reservoir,a supply of suitably conditioned compressed air,one or more atomizing nozzles,specimen supports,provision for heating the chamber,and necessary means of control.The size and detailed con-struction of the apparatus are optional,provided the conditions obtained meet the requirements of this practice.4.2Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the specimens being exposed.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05on Laboratory Corrosion Tests.Current edition approved October 1,2003.Published October 2003.Originally approved in st previous edition approved in 2002as B 117–02.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 02.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 06.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 11.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 15.05.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 14.02.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 03.02.1Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with TIMOTHY D SCHULTZ (POWER GEAR); Mon Oct 10 16:49:37 EDT 20054.3Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shall not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.4.4Material of construction shall be such that it will not affect the corrosiveness of the fog.4.5All water used for this practice shall conform to Type IV water in Speciﬁcation D1193(except that for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored).This does not apply to running tap water.All other water will be referred to as reagent grade.5.Test Specimens5.1The type and number of test specimens to be used,as well as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results,shall be deﬁned in the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being exposed or shall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.Preparation of Test Specimens6.1Specimens shall be suitably cleaned.The cleaning method shall be optional depending on the nature of the surface and the contaminants.Care shall be taken that specimens are not recontaminated after cleaning by excessive or careless handling.6.2Specimens for the evaluation of paints and other organic coatings shall be prepared in accordance with applicable speciﬁcation(s)for the material(s)being exposed,or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.Otherwise,the test specimens shall consist of steel meeting the requirements of Practice D609and shall be cleaned and prepared for coating in accordance with the applicable procedure of Practice D609.6.3Specimens coated with paints or nonmetallic coatings shall not be cleaned or handled excessively prior to test.6.4Whenever it is desired to determine the development of corrosion from an abraded area in the paint or organic coating, a scratch or scribed line shall be made through the coating with a sharp instrument so as to expose the underlying metal before testing.The conditions of making the scratch shall be as deﬁned in Test Method D1654,unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.5Unless otherwise speciﬁed,the cut edges of plated, coated,or duplex materials and areas containing identiﬁcation marks or in contact with the racks or supports shall be protected with a suitable coating stable under the conditions of the practice.N OTE1—Should it be desirable to cut test specimens from parts or from preplated,painted,or otherwise coated steel sheet,the cut edges shall be protected by coating them with paint,wax,tape,or other effective media so that the development of a galvanic effect between such edges and the adjacent plated or otherwise coated metal surfaces,is prevented.7.Position of Specimens During Exposure7.1The position of the specimens in the salt spray chamber during the test shall be such that the following conditions are met:7.1.1Unless otherwise speciﬁed,the specimens shall be supported or suspended between15and30°from the vertical and preferably parallel to the principal direction ofﬂow of fog through the chamber,based upon the dominant surface being tested.7.1.2The specimens shall not contact each other or any metallic material or any material capable of acting as a wick.7.1.3Each specimen shall be placed to permit unencum-bered exposure to the fog.7.1.4Salt solution from one specimen shall not drip on any other specimen.N OTE2—Suitable materials for the construction or coating of racks and supports are glass,rubber,plastic,or suitably coated wood.Bare metal shall not be used.Specimens shall preferably be supported from the bottom or the side.Slotted wooden strips are suitable for the support ofﬂat panels.Suspension from glass hooks or waxed string may be used as long as the speciﬁed position of the specimens is obtained,if necessary by means of secondary support at the bottom of the specimens.8.Salt Solution8.1The salt solution shall be prepared by dissolving561 parts by mass of sodium chloride in95parts of water conforming to Type IV water in Speciﬁcation D1193(except that for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored).Careful attention should be given to the chemical content of the salt.The salt used shall be sodium chloride with not more than0.3%by mass of total impurities.Halides (Bromide,Fluoride,and Iodide)other than Chloride shall constitute less than0.1%by mass of the salt content.Copper content shall be less than0.3ppm by mass.Sodium chloride containing anti-caking agents shall not be used because such agents may act as corrosion inhibitors.See Table1for a listing of these impurity restrictions.Upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller,analysis may be required and limits established for elements or compounds not speciﬁed in the chemical composition given above.TABLE1Maximum Allowable Limits for Impurity Levels inSodium Chloride A,BImpurity Description Allowable Amount Total Impurities#0.3% Halides(Bromide,Fluoride and Iodide)excluding Chloride#0.1% Copper<0.3ppmAnti-caking Agents0.0%A A common formula used to calculate the amount of salt required by mass to achieve a5%salt solution of a known mass of water is:.053X Mass of Water5Mass of NaCl requiredThe mass of water is1g per1mL.To calculate the mass of salt required in grams to mix1L of a5%salt solution,multiply.053by1000g(35.27oz.,the mass of 1L of water).This formula yields a result of53g(1.87oz.)of NaCl required for each liter of water to achieve a5%salt solution by mass.The0.053multiplier for the sodium chloride used above is derived by the following:1000g~mass of a full L of water!divided by0.95~water is only95%of the total mixture by mass!yields1053gThis1053g is the total mass of the mixture of one L of water with a5%sodium chloride concentration.1053g minus the original weight of the L of water,1000g, yields53g for the weight of the sodium chloride.53g of total sodium chloride divided by the original1000g of water yields a0.053multiplier for the sodium chloride.As an example:to mix the equivalent of200L(52.83gal)of5%sodium chloride solution,mix10.6kg(23.37lb)of sodium chloride into200L(52.83gal)of water. 200L of water weighs200,000g.200,000g of water x.053(sodium chloride multiplier)=10,600g of sodium chloride,or10.6kg.B In order to ensure that the proper salt concentration was achieved when mixing the solution,it is recommended that the solution be checked with either a salimeter hydrometer or speciﬁc gravity hydrometer.When using a salimeter hydrometer,the measurement should be between4and6%at25°C(77°F).When using a speciﬁc gravity hydrometer,the measurement should be between1.0255and1.0400at 25°C(77°F).8.2The pH of the salt solution shall be such that when atomized at35°C(95°F)the collected solution will be in the pH range from6.5to7.2(Note3).Before the solution is atomized it shall be free of suspended solids(Note4).The pH measurement shall be made at25°C(77°F)using a suitable glass pH-sensing electrode,reference electrode,and pH meter system in accordance with Test Method E70.N OTE3—Temperature affects the pH of a salt solution prepared from water saturated with carbon dioxide at room temperature and pH adjust-ment may be made by the following three methods:(1)When the pH of a salt solution is adjusted at room temperature,and atomized at35°C(95°F),the pH of the collected solution will be higher than the original solution due to the loss of carbon dioxide at the higher temperature.When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted at room temperature,it is therefore necessary to adjust it below6.5so the collected solution after atomizing at35°C(95°F)will meet the pH limits of6.5to 7.2.Take about a50-mL sample of the salt solution as prepared at room temperature,boil gently for30s,cool,and determine the pH.When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted to6.5to7.2by this procedure,the pH of the atomized and collected solution at35°C(95°F)will come within this range.(2)Heating the salt solution to boiling and cooling to35°C(95°F)and maintaining it at35°C(95°F)for approximately48h before adjusting the pH produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change when atomized at35°C(95°F).(3)Heating the water from which the salt solution is prepared to35°C (95°F)or above,to expel carbon dioxide,and adjusting the pH of the salt solution within the limits of6.5to7.2produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change when atomized at35°C(95°F).N OTE4—The freshly prepared salt solution may beﬁltered or decanted before it is placed in the reservoir,or the end of the tube leading from the solution to the atomizer may be covered with a double layer of cheesecloth to prevent plugging of the nozzle.N OTE5—The pH can be adjusted by additions of dilute ACS reagent grade hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solutions.9.Air Supply9.1The compressed air supply to the Air Saturator Tower shall be free of grease,oil,and dirt before use by passing through well-maintainedﬁlters.(Note6)This air should be maintained at a sufficient pressure at the base of the Air Saturator Tower to meet the suggested pressures of Table2at the top of the Air Saturator Tower.N OTE6—The air supply may be freed from oil and dirt by passing it through a suitable oil/water extractor(that is commercially available)to stop any oil from reaching the Air Saturator Tower.Many oil/water extractors have an expiration indicator,proper preventive maintenance intervals should take these into account.9.2The compressed air supply to the atomizer nozzle or nozzles shall be conditioned by introducing it into the bottom of a towerﬁllwed with water.A common method of introduc-ing the air is through an air dispersion device(X1.4.1).The level of the water must be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidiﬁcation.It is common practice to maintain the temperature in this tower between46and49°C(114–121°F)to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure during the atomization process.Table2in9.3of this practice shows the temperature,at different pressures,that are com-monly used to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure.9.3Careful attention should be given to the relationship of tower temperature to pressure since this relationship can have a direct impact to maintaining proper collection rates(Note7). It is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above the chamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog as listed in Table2.N OTE7—If the tower is run outside of these suggested temperature and pressure ranges to acheive proper collection rates as described in10.2of this practice,other means of verifying the proper corrosion rate in the chamber should be investigated,such as the use of control specimens (panels of known performance in the test conducted).It is preferred that control panels be provided that bracket the expected test specimen performance.The controls allow for the normalization of test conditions during repeated running of the test and will also allow comparisons of test results from different repeats of the same test.(Refer to Appendix X3, Evaluation of Corrosive Conditions,for mass loss procedures).10.Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber10.1Temperature—The exposure zone of the salt spray chamber shall be maintained at35+1.1−1.7°C (95+2−3°F).Each set point and its tolerance represents an operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet.The tempera-ture within the exposure zone of the closed cabinet shall be recorded(Note8)at least twice a day at least7h apart(except on Saturdays,Sundays,and holidays when the salt spray test is not interrupted for exposing,rearranging,or removing test specimens or to check and replenish the solution in the reservoir)N OTE8—A suitable method to record the temperature is by a continu-ous recording device or by a thermometer which can be read from outside the closed cabinet.The recorded temperature must be obtained with the salt spray chamber closed to avoid a false low reading because of wet-bulb effect when the chamber is open.10.2Atomization and Quantity of Fog—Place at least two clean fog collectors per atomizer tower within the exposure zone so that no drops of solution will be collected from the test specimens or any other source.Position the collectors in the proximity of the test specimens,one nearest to any nozzle and the other farthest from all nozzles.A typical arrangement is shown in Fig.1.The fog shall be such that for each80 cm2(12.4in.2)of horizontal collecting area,there will be collected from1.0to2.0mL of solution per hour based on an average run of at least16h(Note9).The sodium chloride concentration of the collected solution shall be561mass% (Notes9-11).The pH of the collected solution shall be6.5to 7.2.The pH measurement shall be made as described in8.2 (Note3).N OTE9—Suitable collecting devices are glass or plastic funnels with TABLE2Suggested Temperature and Pressure guideline for the top of the Air Saturator Tower for the operation of a test at35°C(95°F)Air Pressure,kPa Temperature,°C Air Pressure,PSI Temperature,°F 83461211496471411711048161191244918121the stems inserted through stoppers into graduated cylinders,or crystal-lizing dishes.Funnels and dishes with a diameter of 10cm (3.94in.)have an area of about 80cm 2(12.4in.2).N OTE 10—A solution having a speciﬁc gravity of 1.0255to 1.0400at 25°C (77°F)will meet the concentration requirement.The sodium chloride concentration may also be determined using a suitable salinity meter (for example,utilizing a sodium ion-selective glass electrode)or colorimetrically as follows.Dilute 5mL of the collected solution to 100mL with distilled water and mix thoroughly;pipet a 10-mL aliquot into an evaporating dish or casserole;add 40mL of distilled water and 1mL of 1%potassium chromate solution (chloride-free)and titrate with 0.1N silver nitrate solution to the ﬁrst appearance of a permanent red coloration.A solution that requires between 3.4and 5.1mL of 0.1N silver nitrate solution will meet the concentration requirements.N OTE 11—Salt solutions from 2to 6%will give the same results,though for uniformity the limits are set at 4to 6%.10.3The nozzle or nozzles shall be so directed or baffled that none of the spray can impinge directly on the test specimens.11.Continuity of Exposure11.1Unless otherwise speciﬁed in the speciﬁcations cover-ing the material or product being tested,the test shall be continuous for the duration of the entire test period.Continu-ous operation implies that the chamber be closed and the spray operating continuously except for the short daily interruptions necessary to inspect,rearrange,or remove test specimens,to check and replenish the solution in the reservoir,and to make necessary recordings as described in Section 10.Operations shall be so scheduled that these interruptions are held to a minimum.12.Period of Exposure12.1The period of exposure shall be as designated by the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being tested or as mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.N OTE 12—Recommended exposure periods are to be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller,but exposure periods of multiples of 24h are suggested.13.Cleaning of Tested Specimens13.1Unless otherwise speciﬁed in the speciﬁcations cover-ing the material or product being tested,specimens shall be treated as follows at the end of the test:13.1.1The specimens shall be carefully removed.13.2Specimens may be gently washed or dipped in clean running water not warmer than 38°C (100°F)to remove salt deposits from their surface,and then immediately dried.14.Evaluation of Results14.1A careful and immediate examination shall be made as required by the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being tested or by agreement between the purchaser and the seller.15.Records and Reports15.1The following information shall be recorded,unless otherwise prescribed in the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being tested:15.1.1Type of salt and water used in preparing the salt solution,15.1.2All readings of temperature within the exposure zone of the chamber,15.1.3Daily records of data obtained from each fog-collecting device including the following:15.1.3.1V olume of salt solution collected in millilitres per hour per 80cm 2(12.4in.2),15.1.3.2Concentration or speciﬁc gravity at 35°C (95°F)of solution collected,and15.1.3.3pH of collectedsolution.N OTE —This ﬁgure shows a typical fog collector arrangement for a single atomizer tower cabinet.The same fog collector arrangement is also applicable for multiple atomizer tower and horizontal (“T”type)atomizer tower cabinet constructions as well.FIG.1Arrangement of FogCollectors15.2Type of specimen and its dimensions,or number or description of part,15.3Method of cleaning specimens before and after testing, 15.4Method of supporting or suspending article in the salt spray chamber,15.5Description of protection used as required in6.5, 15.6Exposure period,15.7Interruptions in exposure,cause,and length of time, and15.8Results of all inspections.N OTE13—If any of the atomized salt solution which has not contacted the test specimens is returned to the reservoir,it is advisable to record the concentration or speciﬁc gravity of this solution also.16.Keywords16.1controlled corrosive environment;corrosive condi-tions;determining mass loss;salt spray(fog)exposureAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1.CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUSX1.1CabinetsX1.1.1Standard salt spray cabinets are available from several suppliers,but certain pertinent accessories are required before they will function according to this practice and provide consistent control for duplication of results.X1.1.2The salt spray cabinet consists of the basic chamber, an air-saturator tower,a salt solution reservoir,atomizing nozzles,specimen supports,provisions for heating the cham-ber,and suitable controls for maintaining the desired tempera-ture.X1.1.3Accessories such as a suitable adjustable baffle or central fog tower,automatic level control for the salt reservoir, and automatic level control for the air-saturator tower are pertinent parts of the apparatus.X1.1.4The size and shape of the cabinet shall be such that the atomization and quantity of collected solution is within the limits of this practice.X1.1.5The chamber shall be made of suitably inert mate-rials such as plastic,glass,or stone,or constructed of metal and lined with impervious plastics,rubber,or epoxy-type materials or equivalent.X1.1.6All piping that contacts the salt solution or spray should be of inert materials such as plastic.Vent piping should be of sufficient size so that a minimum of back pressure exists and should be installed so that no solution is trapped.The exposed end of the vent pipe should be shielded from extreme air currents that may causeﬂuctuation of pressure or vacuum in the cabinet.X1.2Temperature ControlX1.2.1The maintenance of temperature within the salt chamber can be accomplished by several methods.It is generally desirable to control the temperature of the surround-ings of the salt spray chamber and to maintain it as stable as possible.This may be accomplished by placing the apparatus in a constant-temperature room,but may also be achieved by surrounding the basic chamber of a jacket containing water or air at a controlled temperature.X1.2.2The use of immersion heaters in an internal salt solution reservoir or within the chamber is detrimental where heat losses are appreciable because of solution evaporation and radiant heat on the specimens.X1.3Spray NozzlesX1.3.1Satisfactory nozzles may be made of hard rubber, plastic,or other inert materials.The most commonly used type is made of plastic.Nozzles calibrated for air consumption and solution-atomized are available.The operating characteristics of a typical nozzle are given in Table X1.1.X1.3.2It can readily be seen that air consumption is relatively stable at the pressures normally used,but a marked reduction in solution sprayed occurs if the level of the solution is allowed to drop appreciably during the test.Thus,the level of the solution in the salt reservoir must be maintained automatically to ensure uniform fog delivery during the test.8 X1.3.3If the nozzle selected does not atomize the salt solution into uniform droplets,it will be necessary to direct the spray at a baffle or wall to pick up the larger drops and prevent them from impinging on the test specimens.Pending a com-plete understanding of air-pressure effects,and so forth,it is important that the nozzle selected shall produce the desired 8A suitable device for maintaining the level of liquid in either the saturator tower or reservoir of test solution may be designed by a local engineering group,or may be purchased from manufacturers of test cabinets as an accessory.TABLE X1.1Operating Characteristics of Typical Spray Nozzle SiphonHeight,cmAir Flow,dm3/min Solution Consumption,cm3/hAir Pressure,kPa Air Pressure,kPa34691031383469103138 101926.531.5362100384045845256 201926.531.536636276037204320 301926.531.5360138030003710 401926.631.536078021242904SiphonHeight,in.Air Flow,L/minSolutionConsumption,mL/hAir Pressure,psi Air Pressure,psi51015205101520 41926.531.5362100384045845256 81926.531.536636276037204320 121926.531.5360138030003710 161926.631.536078021242904condition when operated at the air pressure selected.Nozzles are not necessarily located at one end,but may be placed in the center and can also be directed vertically up through a suitable tower.X1.4Air for AtomizationX1.4.1The air used for atomization must be free of grease, oil,and dirt before use by passing through well-maintainedﬁlters.Room air may be compressed,heated,humidiﬁed,and washed in a water-sealed rotary pump if the temperature of the water is suitably controlled.Otherwise cleaned air may be introduced into the bottom of a towerﬁlled with water through a porous stone or multiple nozzles.The level of the water must be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidiﬁcation.A chamber operated in accordance with this method and Appendix X1will have a relative humidity between95and 98%.Since salt solutions from2to6%will give the same results(though for uniformity the limits are set at4to6%),it is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above the chamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog.Table X1.2 shows the temperatures,at different pressures,that are required to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure.X1.4.2Experience has shown that most uniform spray chamber atmospheres are obtained by increasing the atomizing air temperature sufficiently to offset heat losses,except those that can be replaced otherwise at very low-temperature gradi-ents.X1.5Types of ConstructionX1.5.1A modern laboratory cabinet is shown in Fig.X1.1. Walk-in chambers are usually constructed with a sloping ceiling.Suitably located and directed spray nozzles avoid ceiling accumulation and drip.Nozzles may be located at the ceiling,or0.91m(3ft)from theﬂoor directed upward at30to 60°over a passageway.The number of nozzles depends on type and capacity and is related to the area of the test space.An11 to19L(3to5-gal)reservoir is required within the chamber, with the level controlled.The major features of a walk-in type cabinet,which differs signiﬁcantly from the laboratory type, are illustrated in Fig.X1.2.Construction of a plastic nozzle, such as is furnished by several suppliers,is shown in Fig.X1.3.TABLE X1.2Temperature and Pressure Requirements forOperation of Test at95°FAir Pressure,kPa8396110124 Temperature,°C46474849Air Pressure,psi12141618 Temperature,°F114117119121。

盐雾试验标准astmb117

盐雾试验标准astmb117ASTM B117 是美国材料和试验协会标准化技术委员会发布的盐雾试验标准，是一项重要的评估材料耐腐蚀性能的试验方法。

在日常生产和使用中，物资和设备受到环境因素的影响非常大，特别是进入海洋环境后，各种材料和设备都面临着严峻的腐蚀和氧化问题。

为了提高材料的质量和性能，B117 标准建立了实验室模拟海洋环境的盐雾湿度测试机，为材料的质量控制和生产提供了标准化的测试方法。

一、范围B117 标准适用于任何材料的耐盐雾性能测试，适用于开放或密封材料，如涂层、金属、合金、塑料、橡胶等。

通过盐雾试验，可以评估材料的耐腐蚀程度，判断其采用于海洋环境或其他恶劣环境的可行性。

二、材料2.1 标准试样试验的标准试样应当符合标准规定的要求。

2.2 试样的准备和测定三、试验方法试验方法分为三种：盐雾试验、腐蚀波动试验和周期腐蚀试验。

3.1 盐雾试验试样应当架设在 salt-spray test 试验设备中，并通过加热器、喷雾器等控制温度和湿度，使其处于适宜的条件下。

设备内应当保存一定的水平，以保证试样的稳定性。

试验时间为 240 小时，但也可以调整传递量和盐度，延长或缩短测试时间。

3.2 腐蚀波动试验腐蚀波动试验是将试样放置于一个不断变化的盐水浴中，并通过加热、冷却等控制水温的变化。

设备内的温度应当逐渐升高和降低，但不应当超过试样能够承受的极限。

周期腐蚀试验旨在模拟实际环境下的腐蚀形式，包括氧化、重组、氯化等周期组合，通过循环的变化，模拟出材料在实际环境中出现的各种腐蚀形式。

通过三种试验方法，可以全面评估材料的腐蚀等级和耐腐蚀性能，以便为生产和制造提供更好的保护和质量控制。

四、结果和分析在试验完成后，对试样进行外观变化、损失率、金属质量等方面进行评估和分析，通过比较不同试样之间的差异，得出材料的腐蚀等级和使用建议。

五、注意事项5.1 试验室环境在进行盐雾试验的时候，需要保持试验室的相对湿度在 85%-95% 之间，温度在35℃±2℃，空气流通应保持恰当，以避免水外的环境影响。

镀锡盐雾试验标准

镀锡盐雾试验标准镀锡盐雾试验是一种常用于评估金属表面镀锡层的耐腐蚀性能的方法。

该试验可以模拟出真实环境中的盐雾腐蚀环境，通过观察和分析金属表面锡层的变化情况，从而评估其耐腐蚀性能的好坏。

下面将介绍一种常见的镀锡盐雾试验标准——ASTM B117。

ASTM B117是美国材料测试协会（ASTM）制定的一项标准，其全称为“ASTM B117-16 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus”。

该标准规定了使用盐雾试验设备进行镀锡层腐蚀测试的具体要求和步骤，有效保证了试验的准确性和可重复性。

首先，ASTM B117规定了试验设备的基本要求。

盐雾试验设备应具备恒温恒湿的能力，并且能够持续稳定地生成盐雾气雾。

设备内部的湿度应保持在95%RH（相对湿度）±3%的范围内，温度应保持在35±2℃。

设备的操作和控制系统应具备自动控温、控湿的功能，能够精确调控试验的时间和条件。

其次，在样品的准备方面，ASTM B117规定了一系列准备工作。

首先，试样的表面应彻底清洁，确保没有任何灰尘、油脂或其他污染物。

然后，将试样固定在试验架上，并使用适当的方法保证样品的完整性和稳定性。

试样的尺寸和形状应符合标准的要求，以确保试验结果的可靠性。

试验的进行过程中，ASTM B117规定了盐雾试验的时间长度和观察周期。

标准试验时间为48小时，但根据实际需要，也可以进行长期试验，例如240小时或更长。

试验周期内应进行定期观察和记录，通常每24小时观察一次，并记录试样的变化情况。

观察时应注意试样是否出现锡层的剥落、氧化、锈蚀等现象，并进行详细记录。

最后，在试验结束后，ASTM B117规定了进行试样评估和结果判定的方法。

通常情况下，根据试样表面的腐蚀程度，结合试样的应用需求，进行定性或定量评估。

评估常用的方法有目视评估、显微镜观察、重量损失测定等。

电镀盐雾测试标准

电镀盐雾测试标准电镀盐雾测试是指将被测物品放置在盐水喷雾试验箱内，通过模拟盐雾环境对被测物品的腐蚀性能进行检测的一种测试方法。

该测试方法被广泛应用于金属材料、电镀件、汽车零部件等领域，以评估材料或涂层的耐腐蚀性能。

本文将介绍电镀盐雾测试的标准要求和测试流程。

一、标准要求。

1. ASTM B117-16。

ASTM B117-16是美国材料与试验协会制定的电镀盐雾测试标准，适用于金属材料和镀层的耐腐蚀性能评定。

该标准规定了盐雾试验箱的工作条件、试验样品的准备、试验周期和评定方法等内容，是电镀盐雾测试中最常用的标准之一。

2. GB/T 2423.17-2008。

GB/T 2423.17-2008是中国国家标准中关于电镀盐雾测试的规定，适用于各种材料和涂层的耐腐蚀性能评定。

该标准对盐雾试验箱的性能要求、试验条件、试样的制备和评定方法等进行了详细规定，是国内企业进行电镀盐雾测试的重要依据。

二、测试流程。

1. 试样准备。

在进行电镀盐雾测试之前，首先需要准备好试样。

试样的准备包括清洗、去油、打磨和清洁等步骤，确保试样表面没有污染物和氧化层。

对于涂层试样，还需要注意涂层的均匀性和厚度是否符合要求。

2. 设置试验条件。

根据所选用的标准要求，设置盐雾试验箱的工作条件，包括温度、湿度、盐水浓度和喷雾时间等参数。

在进行测试之前，需要对盐雾试验箱进行校准和调试，确保其工作稳定可靠。

3. 进行测试。

将准备好的试样放置在盐雾试验箱内，按照设定的试验条件进行测试。

在测试过程中，需要定期观察试样的表面状态，记录腐蚀情况，并在测试结束后进行评定。

4. 评定测试结果。

根据所选用的标准要求，对测试结果进行评定。

评定的内容包括试样表面的腐蚀程度、腐蚀形貌和腐蚀面积等，根据评定结果判断试样的耐腐蚀性能是否符合要求。

三、总结。

电镀盐雾测试是一项重要的材料性能评定方法，通过模拟盐雾环境对材料的腐蚀性能进行检测，可以有效评估材料或涂层的耐腐蚀性能。

ASTM_B117-2011盐雾试验实用标准中文

ASTM B117 －2011：操作盐雾测试机1 的标准实验方法本标准是在以固定称呼B117 来发行，而跟随在称呼之后的数字则表示为最早发行之年版或是最后发行年版，括号内之号码则表示该版本经确认之最后年版，如果后面又加上括号内并含一希腊字母时则代表在最后版本确认后还有编辑上的修改。

本标准已由国防部核准使用。

1. 范围1.1 本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使用之适合的试验机。

1.2 本实验没有指定试验样品的种类或者对于特定产品所需的曝露时间，也不对结果作说明。

1.3 以SI(国际公制单位)数据单位来表示被视为标准。

英吋-磅单位以括号表示是为了提供资讯且可能是相等的。

1.4 本标准并未指明试验方法上所产生之任何安全问题，该安全问题是引用本标准之使用者的责任。

使用者应自行建立适当之安全卫生操作方法，并且在使用前决定应有的使用限制规定。

2. 参考文件2.1 ASTM 标准B 368－醋酸铜盐水喷雾试验方法(CACC试验) . D 1193－试剂水4(Reagent Water)的规范.D 1654－涂漆或有镀层的试片在腐蚀环境3下之评估方法.E 70－使用玻璃电极5量测含水溶液的pH值之试验方法.E 691－决定试验方法的正确性6.G 85－修正盐水喷雾试验的实验73. 重要性以及使用3.1 本实验提供一个受控制之腐蚀环境，该环境被利用来让金属与镀金属的试件暴露于一特定试验室中而产生相关防腐蚀的讯息。

3.2 当使用独立的数据时，在自然环境中试验的预估很少与盐水喷雾的结果有所关连。

3.2.1 基于暴露于本实验所提供的试验环境，腐蚀发生的关系与推测并不常是可预料的。

3.2.2 只有在适当的确定长期环境暴露已被采用时，相互关系与推测应被考虑。

2/153.3 暴露于盐水喷雾结果的再现性是高度取决于试验试件的种类所选择的评估准则，以及操作变异的控制。

在任何试验程序中，在建立结果的变异应包括充分的复制。

ASTM B117盐雾喷射(雾化)装置操作的标准实施规范 (中文版)

名称：B117-03盐雾喷射（雾化）装置操作的标准实施规范本标准按固定名称B117发行；名称后的编号表示最初采用的年份，或者，如果是修订版，则是最新修订版的年份。

圆括号中的数字表示最新重新批准的年份。

上标ε表示自最新修订版或重新批准后的编辑性修改。

本标准已经被国防部的机构批准采用。

1 范围1.1 本规范规定了创建和维护盐雾喷射（雾化）试验环境所需的装置、程序和条件。

附录X1中说明了可以使用的合适装置。

1.2 本规范没有规定用于特定产品的试样类型或暴光时间；也没有对结果作出解释。

1.3 以国际单位制说明的数值被视作为标准。

圆括号中的英寸-磅单位制供参考并且是近似值。

1.4 本标准声明不处理所有的安全事务，如果有，只是与其用途相关的。

在使用之前，本标准的用户有责任制定相关的安全和健康规范并确定规章限制的适用范围。

2 参考文献2.1 ASTM标准B368铜加速的醋酸腐蚀盐喷雾试验(CASS试验)的标准试验方法D609涂料、清漆、转化涂层和相关覆层产品的测试用冷轧钢板制备的标准实施规范D1193试剂水的标准规范D1654腐蚀环境中涂漆或涂层试样评估的标准测试方法E70用玻璃电极测量水溶液pH值的标准试验方法E691为测定试验方法精密度开展的实验室间的研究的标准实施规范G85改进的盐喷雾(雾化)试验的标准实施规范3 意义和用途3.1 本规范提供了可控制的腐蚀环境，利用它来为暴光在特定试验舱中的金属和涂层金属的试样确定相关的抗腐性资料。

3.2 当将盐雾喷射结果作为独立数据时，自然环境中的性能预测几乎很少与此相关。

3.2.1 本规范提供的暴光在试验环境中的腐蚀性能的相关性和外延并不总是可以预测的。

3.2.2 相关性和外延应该只存在于进行进一步证实的长期大气暴露的情况下。

3.3 盐喷雾暴光试验中结果的再现性完全取决于试样类型和所选择的评估标准及操作变量的控制。

在任何测试项目中，必须包括足够的重复以确定结果的可变性。

不锈钢盐雾测试标准

不锈钢盐雾测试标准不锈钢盐雾测试是一种常用的测试方法，用于评估不锈钢材料的耐腐蚀能力。

在不锈钢的制造和使用过程中，可能会接触到各种不同的环境和化学物质，因此盐雾测试对于不锈钢材料的耐腐蚀性能评估非常重要。

以下是关于不锈钢盐雾测试的一些参考内容。

一、不锈钢盐雾测试的目的和原理不锈钢盐雾测试的目的是模拟环境中的腐蚀环境，测试不锈钢材料在盐雾环境下的耐腐蚀性能。

该测试方法通过在特定的实验条件下，使用盐水喷雾进行测试，评估不锈钢材料的耐腐蚀性能和表面防护层的质量。

二、不锈钢盐雾测试的标准不锈钢盐雾测试通常使用国际上广泛接受的标准进行测试。

以下是一些常用的不锈钢盐雾测试标准的参考内容：1. ASTM B117-16：Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus，美国材料与试验协会（ASTM）发布的标准，用于评估金属材料在盐雾环境下的耐腐蚀性能。

2. ISO 9227:2017：Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres - Salt spray tests，国际标准化组织（ISO）发布的标准，用于评估各种材料在盐雾环境下的耐腐蚀性能。

3. GB/T 2423.17-2008：电子和电气产品环境试验.第2部分:试验方法--附加的盐雾试验，中国国家标准，适用于电子和电气产品的盐雾测试。

三、不锈钢盐雾测试的步骤不锈钢盐雾测试通常包括以下步骤：1. 样品准备：将待测试的不锈钢样品切割成合适的尺寸，并进行必要的表面处理，如抛光、清洁等。

2. 盐雾测试设备准备：按照测试标准的要求，准备好盐雾测试设备，包括盐水喷雾室、温度控制系统等。

3. 样品固定：将样品固定在样品架上，并确保样品之间有足够的间距，以免互相干扰。

4. 盐雾测试条件设定：设置测试条件，包括盐水喷雾时间、温度、湿度等参数。

5. 进行盐雾测试：启动盐雾测试设备，进行一定时间的盐雾喷雾测试。

ASTM B117盐雾测试标准

Designation:B 117–03Standard Practice forOperating Salt Spray (Fog)Apparatus 1This standard is issued under the ﬁxed designation B 117;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1This practice covers the apparatus,procedure,and conditions required to create and maintain the salt spray (fog)test environment.Suitable apparatus which may be used is described in Appendix X1.1.2This practice does not prescribe the type of test speci-men or exposure periods to be used for a speciﬁc product,nor the interpretation to be given to the results.1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided for information and may be approximate.1.4This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:B 368Method for Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid-Salt Spray (Fog)Testing (CASS Test)2D 609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint,Varnish,Conversion Coatings,and Related Coating Products 3D 1193Speciﬁcation for Reagent Water 4D 1654Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive Environments 3E 70Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode 5E 691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method 6G 85Practice for Modiﬁed Salt Spray (Fog)Testing 73.Signiﬁcance and Use3.1This practice provides a controlled corrosive environ-ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion resistance information for specimens of metals and coated metals exposed in a given test chamber.3.2Prediction of performance in natural environments has seldom been correlated with salt spray results when used as stand alone data.3.2.1Correlation and extrapolation of corrosion perfor-mance based on exposure to the test environment provided by this practice are not always predictable.3.2.2Correlation and extrapolation should be considered only in cases where appropriate corroborating long-term atmo-spheric exposures have been conducted.3.3The reproducibility of results in the salt spray exposure is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the evaluation criteria selected,as well as the control of the operating variables.In any testing program,sufficient repli-cates should be included to establish the variability of the results.Variability has been observed when similar specimens are tested in different fog chambers even though the testing conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges speci-ﬁed in this practice.4.Apparatus4.1The apparatus required for salt spray (fog)exposure consists of a fog chamber,a salt solution reservoir,a supply of suitably conditioned compressed air,one or more atomizing nozzles,specimen supports,provision for heating the chamber,and necessary means of control.The size and detailed con-struction of the apparatus are optional,provided the conditions obtained meet the requirements of this practice.4.2Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the specimens being exposed.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01on Corrosion of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05on Laboratory Corrosion Tests.Current edition approved October 1,2003.Published October 2003.Originally approved in st previous edition approved in 2002as B 117–02.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 02.05.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 06.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 11.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 15.05.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 14.02.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards ,V ol 03.02.1Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,UnitedStates.4.3Drops of solution which fall from the specimens shall not be returned to the solution reservoir for respraying.4.4Material of construction shall be such that it will not affect the corrosiveness of the fog.4.5All water used for this practice shall conform to Type IV water in Speciﬁcation D1193(except that for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored).This does not apply to running tap water.All other water will be referred to as reagent grade.5.Test Specimens5.1The type and number of test specimens to be used,as well as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results,shall be deﬁned in the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being exposed or shall be mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.Preparation of Test Specimens6.1Specimens shall be suitably cleaned.The cleaning method shall be optional depending on the nature of the surface and the contaminants.Care shall be taken that specimens are not recontaminated after cleaning by excessive or careless handling.6.2Specimens for the evaluation of paints and other organic coatings shall be prepared in accordance with applicable speciﬁcation(s)for the material(s)being exposed,or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.Otherwise,the test specimens shall consist of steel meeting the requirements of Practice D609and shall be cleaned and prepared for coating in accordance with the applicable procedure of Practice D609.6.3Specimens coated with paints or nonmetallic coatings shall not be cleaned or handled excessively prior to test.6.4Whenever it is desired to determine the development of corrosion from an abraded area in the paint or organic coating, a scratch or scribed line shall be made through the coating with a sharp instrument so as to expose the underlying metal before testing.The conditions of making the scratch shall be as deﬁned in Test Method D1654,unless otherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.6.5Unless otherwise speciﬁed,the cut edges of plated, coated,or duplex materials and areas containing identiﬁcation marks or in contact with the racks or supports shall be protected with a suitable coating stable under the conditions of the practice.N OTE1—Should it be desirable to cut test specimens from parts or from preplated,painted,or otherwise coated steel sheet,the cut edges shall be protected by coating them with paint,wax,tape,or other effective media so that the development of a galvanic effect between such edges and the adjacent plated or otherwise coated metal surfaces,is prevented.7.Position of Specimens During Exposure7.1The position of the specimens in the salt spray chamber during the test shall be such that the following conditions are met:7.1.1Unless otherwise speciﬁed,the specimens shall be supported or suspended between15and30°from the vertical and preferably parallel to the principal direction ofﬂow of fog through the chamber,based upon the dominant surface being tested.7.1.2The specimens shall not contact each other or any metallic material or any material capable of acting as a wick.7.1.3Each specimen shall be placed to permit unencum-bered exposure to the fog.7.1.4Salt solution from one specimen shall not drip on any other specimen.N OTE2—Suitable materials for the construction or coating of racks and supports are glass,rubber,plastic,or suitably coated wood.Bare metal shall not be used.Specimens shall preferably be supported from the bottom or the side.Slotted wooden strips are suitable for the support ofﬂat panels.Suspension from glass hooks or waxed string may be used as long as the speciﬁed position of the specimens is obtained,if necessary by means of secondary support at the bottom of the specimens.8.Salt Solution8.1The salt solution shall be prepared by dissolving561 parts by mass of sodium chloride in95parts of water conforming to Type IV water in Speciﬁcation D1193(except that for this practice limits for chlorides and sodium may be ignored).Careful attention should be given to the chemical content of the salt.The salt used shall be sodium chloride with not more than0.3%by mass of total impurities.Halides (Bromide,Fluoride,and Iodide)other than Chloride shall constitute less than0.1%by mass of the salt content.Copper content shall be less than0.3ppm by mass.Sodium chloride containing anti-caking agents shall not be used because such agents may act as corrosion inhibitors.See Table1for a listing of these impurity restrictions.Upon agreement between the purchaser and the seller,analysis may be required and limits established for elements or compounds not speciﬁed in the chemical composition given above.TABLE1Maximum Allowable Limits for Impurity Levels inSodium Chloride A,BImpurity Description Allowable Amount Total Impurities#0.3% Halides(Bromide,Fluoride and Iodide)excluding Chloride#0.1% Copper<0.3ppmAnti-caking Agents0.0%A A common formula used to calculate the amount of salt required by mass to achieve a5%salt solution of a known mass of water is:.053X Mass of Water5Mass of NaCl requiredThe mass of water is1g per1mL.To calculate the mass of salt required in grams to mix1L of a5%salt solution,multiply.053by1000g(35.27oz.,the mass of 1L of water).This formula yields a result of53g(1.87oz.)of NaCl required for each liter of water to achieve a5%salt solution by mass.The0.053multiplier for the sodium chloride used above is derived by the following:1000g~mass of a full L of water!divided by0.95~water is only95%of the total mixture by mass!yields1053gThis1053g is the total mass of the mixture of one L of water with a5%sodium chloride concentration.1053g minus the original weight of the L of water,1000g, yields53g for the weight of the sodium chloride.53g of total sodium chloride divided by the original1000g of water yields a0.053multiplier for the sodium chloride.As an example:to mix the equivalent of200L(52.83gal)of5%sodium chloride solution,mix10.6kg(23.37lb)of sodium chloride into200L(52.83gal)of water. 200L of water weighs200,000g.200,000g of water x.053(sodium chloride multiplier)=10,600g of sodium chloride,or10.6kg.B In order to ensure that the proper salt concentration was achieved when mixing the solution,it is recommended that the solution be checked with either a salimeter hydrometer or speciﬁc gravity hydrometer.When using a salimeter hydrometer,the measurement should be between4and6%at25°C(77°F).When using a speciﬁc gravity hydrometer,the measurement should be between1.0255and1.0400at 25°C(77°F).8.2The pH of the salt solution shall be such that when atomized at35°C(95°F)the collected solution will be in the pH range from6.5to7.2(Note3).Before the solution is atomized it shall be free of suspended solids(Note4).The pH measurement shall be made at25°C(77°F)using a suitable glass pH-sensing electrode,reference electrode,and pH meter system in accordance with Test Method E70.N OTE3—Temperature affects the pH of a salt solution prepared from water saturated with carbon dioxide at room temperature and pH adjust-ment may be made by the following three methods:(1)When the pH of a salt solution is adjusted at room temperature,and atomized at35°C(95°F),the pH of the collected solution will be higher than the original solution due to the loss of carbon dioxide at the higher temperature.When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted at room temperature,it is therefore necessary to adjust it below6.5so the collected solution after atomizing at35°C(95°F)will meet the pH limits of6.5to 7.2.Take about a50-mL sample of the salt solution as prepared at room temperature,boil gently for30s,cool,and determine the pH.When the pH of the salt solution is adjusted to6.5to7.2by this procedure,the pH of the atomized and collected solution at35°C(95°F)will come within this range.(2)Heating the salt solution to boiling and cooling to35°C(95°F)and maintaining it at35°C(95°F)for approximately48h before adjusting the pH produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change when atomized at35°C(95°F).(3)Heating the water from which the salt solution is prepared to35°C (95°F)or above,to expel carbon dioxide,and adjusting the pH of the salt solution within the limits of6.5to7.2produces a solution the pH of which does not materially change when atomized at35°C(95°F).N OTE4—The freshly prepared salt solution may beﬁltered or decanted before it is placed in the reservoir,or the end of the tube leading from the solution to the atomizer may be covered with a double layer of cheesecloth to prevent plugging of the nozzle.N OTE5—The pH can be adjusted by additions of dilute ACS reagent grade hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solutions.9.Air Supply9.1The compressed air supply to the Air Saturator Tower shall be free of grease,oil,and dirt before use by passing through well-maintainedﬁlters.(Note6)This air should be maintained at a sufficient pressure at the base of the Air Saturator Tower to meet the suggested pressures of Table2at the top of the Air Saturator Tower.N OTE6—The air supply may be freed from oil and dirt by passing it through a suitable oil/water extractor(that is commercially available)to stop any oil from reaching the Air Saturator Tower.Many oil/water extractors have an expiration indicator,proper preventive maintenance intervals should take these into account.9.2The compressed air supply to the atomizer nozzle or nozzles shall be conditioned by introducing it into the bottom of a towerﬁllwed with water.A common method of introduc-ing the air is through an air dispersion device(X1.4.1).The level of the water must be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidiﬁcation.It is common practice to maintain the temperature in this tower between46and49°C(114–121°F)to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure during the atomization process.Table2in9.3of this practice shows the temperature,at different pressures,that are com-monly used to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure.9.3Careful attention should be given to the relationship of tower temperature to pressure since this relationship can have a direct impact to maintaining proper collection rates(Note7). It is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above the chamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog as listed in Table2.N OTE7—If the tower is run outside of these suggested temperature and pressure ranges to acheive proper collection rates as described in10.2of this practice,other means of verifying the proper corrosion rate in the chamber should be investigated,such as the use of control specimens (panels of known performance in the test conducted).It is preferred that control panels be provided that bracket the expected test specimen performance.The controls allow for the normalization of test conditions during repeated running of the test and will also allow comparisons of test results from different repeats of the same test.(Refer to Appendix X3, Evaluation of Corrosive Conditions,for mass loss procedures).10.Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber10.1Temperature—The exposure zone of the salt spray chamber shall be maintained at35+1.1−1.7°C (95+2−3°F).Each set point and its tolerance represents an operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinet which may not necessarily represent the uniformity of conditions throughout the cabinet.The tempera-ture within the exposure zone of the closed cabinet shall be recorded(Note8)at least twice a day at least7h apart(except on Saturdays,Sundays,and holidays when the salt spray test is not interrupted for exposing,rearranging,or removing test specimens or to check and replenish the solution in the reservoir)N OTE8—A suitable method to record the temperature is by a continu-ous recording device or by a thermometer which can be read from outside the closed cabinet.The recorded temperature must be obtained with the salt spray chamber closed to avoid a false low reading because of wet-bulb effect when the chamber is open.10.2Atomization and Quantity of Fog—Place at least two clean fog collectors per atomizer tower within the exposure zone so that no drops of solution will be collected from the test specimens or any other source.Position the collectors in the proximity of the test specimens,one nearest to any nozzle and the other farthest from all nozzles.A typical arrangement is shown in Fig.1.The fog shall be such that for each80 cm2(12.4in.2)of horizontal collecting area,there will be collected from1.0to2.0mL of solution per hour based on an average run of at least16h(Note9).The sodium chloride concentration of the collected solution shall be561mass% (Notes9-11).The pH of the collected solution shall be6.5to 7.2.The pH measurement shall be made as described in8.2 (Note3).N OTE9—Suitable collecting devices are glass or plastic funnels with TABLE2Suggested Temperature and Pressure guideline for the top of the Air Saturator Tower for the operation of a test at35°C(95°F)Air Pressure,kPa Temperature,°C Air Pressure,PSI Temperature,°F 83461211496471411711048161191244918121the stems inserted through stoppers into graduated cylinders,or crystal-lizing dishes.Funnels and dishes with a diameter of 10cm (3.94in.)have an area of about 80cm 2(12.4in.2).N OTE 10—A solution having a speciﬁc gravity of 1.0255to 1.0400at 25°C (77°F)will meet the concentration requirement.The sodium chloride concentration may also be determined using a suitable salinity meter (for example,utilizing a sodium ion-selective glass electrode)or colorimetrically as follows.Dilute 5mL of the collected solution to 100mL with distilled water and mix thoroughly;pipet a 10-mL aliquot into an evaporating dish or casserole;add 40mL of distilled water and 1mL of 1%potassium chromate solution (chloride-free)and titrate with 0.1N silver nitrate solution to the ﬁrst appearance of a permanent red coloration.A solution that requires between 3.4and 5.1mL of 0.1N silver nitrate solution will meet the concentration requirements.N OTE 11—Salt solutions from 2to 6%will give the same results,though for uniformity the limits are set at 4to 6%.10.3The nozzle or nozzles shall be so directed or baffled that none of the spray can impinge directly on the test specimens.11.Continuity of Exposure11.1Unless otherwise speciﬁed in the speciﬁcations cover-ing the material or product being tested,the test shall be continuous for the duration of the entire test period.Continu-ous operation implies that the chamber be closed and the spray operating continuously except for the short daily interruptions necessary to inspect,rearrange,or remove test specimens,to check and replenish the solution in the reservoir,and to make necessary recordings as described in Section 10.Operations shall be so scheduled that these interruptions are held to a minimum.12.Period of Exposure12.1The period of exposure shall be as designated by the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being tested or as mutually agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.N OTE 12—Recommended exposure periods are to be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller,but exposure periods of multiples of 24h are suggested.13.Cleaning of Tested Specimens13.1Unless otherwise speciﬁed in the speciﬁcations cover-ing the material or product being tested,specimens shall be treated as follows at the end of the test:13.1.1The specimens shall be carefully removed.13.2Specimens may be gently washed or dipped in clean running water not warmer than 38°C (100°F)to remove salt deposits from their surface,and then immediately dried.14.Evaluation of Results14.1A careful and immediate examination shall be made as required by the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being tested or by agreement between the purchaser and the seller.15.Records and Reports15.1The following information shall be recorded,unless otherwise prescribed in the speciﬁcations covering the material or product being tested:15.1.1Type of salt and water used in preparing the salt solution,15.1.2All readings of temperature within the exposure zone of the chamber,15.1.3Daily records of data obtained from each fog-collecting device including the following:15.1.3.1V olume of salt solution collected in millilitres per hour per 80cm 2(12.4in.2),15.1.3.2Concentration or speciﬁc gravity at 35°C (95°F)of solution collected,and15.1.3.3pH of collectedsolution.N OTE —This ﬁgure shows a typical fog collector arrangement for a single atomizer tower cabinet.The same fog collector arrangement is also applicable for multiple atomizer tower and horizontal (“T”type)atomizer tower cabinet constructions as well.FIG.1Arrangement of FogCollectors15.2Type of specimen and its dimensions,or number or description of part,15.3Method of cleaning specimens before and after testing, 15.4Method of supporting or suspending article in the salt spray chamber,15.5Description of protection used as required in6.5, 15.6Exposure period,15.7Interruptions in exposure,cause,and length of time, and15.8Results of all inspections.N OTE13—If any of the atomized salt solution which has not contacted the test specimens is returned to the reservoir,it is advisable to record the concentration or speciﬁc gravity of this solution also.16.Keywords16.1controlled corrosive environment;corrosive condi-tions;determining mass loss;salt spray(fog)exposureAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1.CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUSX1.1CabinetsX1.1.1Standard salt spray cabinets are available from several suppliers,but certain pertinent accessories are required before they will function according to this practice and provide consistent control for duplication of results.X1.1.2The salt spray cabinet consists of the basic chamber, an air-saturator tower,a salt solution reservoir,atomizing nozzles,specimen supports,provisions for heating the cham-ber,and suitable controls for maintaining the desired tempera-ture.X1.1.3Accessories such as a suitable adjustable baffle or central fog tower,automatic level control for the salt reservoir, and automatic level control for the air-saturator tower are pertinent parts of the apparatus.X1.1.4The size and shape of the cabinet shall be such that the atomization and quantity of collected solution is within the limits of this practice.X1.1.5The chamber shall be made of suitably inert mate-rials such as plastic,glass,or stone,or constructed of metal and lined with impervious plastics,rubber,or epoxy-type materials or equivalent.X1.1.6All piping that contacts the salt solution or spray should be of inert materials such as plastic.Vent piping should be of sufficient size so that a minimum of back pressure exists and should be installed so that no solution is trapped.The exposed end of the vent pipe should be shielded from extreme air currents that may causeﬂuctuation of pressure or vacuum in the cabinet.X1.2Temperature ControlX1.2.1The maintenance of temperature within the salt chamber can be accomplished by several methods.It is generally desirable to control the temperature of the surround-ings of the salt spray chamber and to maintain it as stable as possible.This may be accomplished by placing the apparatus in a constant-temperature room,but may also be achieved by surrounding the basic chamber of a jacket containing water or air at a controlled temperature.X1.2.2The use of immersion heaters in an internal salt solution reservoir or within the chamber is detrimental where heat losses are appreciable because of solution evaporation and radiant heat on the specimens.X1.3Spray NozzlesX1.3.1Satisfactory nozzles may be made of hard rubber, plastic,or other inert materials.The most commonly used type is made of plastic.Nozzles calibrated for air consumption and solution-atomized are available.The operating characteristics of a typical nozzle are given in Table X1.1.X1.3.2It can readily be seen that air consumption is relatively stable at the pressures normally used,but a marked reduction in solution sprayed occurs if the level of the solution is allowed to drop appreciably during the test.Thus,the level of the solution in the salt reservoir must be maintained automatically to ensure uniform fog delivery during the test.8 X1.3.3If the nozzle selected does not atomize the salt solution into uniform droplets,it will be necessary to direct the spray at a baffle or wall to pick up the larger drops and prevent them from impinging on the test specimens.Pending a com-plete understanding of air-pressure effects,and so forth,it is important that the nozzle selected shall produce the desired 8A suitable device for maintaining the level of liquid in either the saturator tower or reservoir of test solution may be designed by a local engineering group,or may be purchased from manufacturers of test cabinets as an accessory.TABLE X1.1Operating Characteristics of Typical Spray Nozzle SiphonHeight,cmAir Flow,dm3/min Solution Consumption,cm3/hAir Pressure,kPa Air Pressure,kPa34691031383469103138 101926.531.5362100384045845256 201926.531.536636276037204320 301926.531.5360138030003710 401926.631.536078021242904SiphonHeight,in.Air Flow,L/minSolutionConsumption,mL/hAir Pressure,psi Air Pressure,psi51015205101520 41926.531.5362100384045845256 81926.531.536636276037204320 121926.531.5360138030003710 161926.631.536078021242904condition when operated at the air pressure selected.Nozzles are not necessarily located at one end,but may be placed in the center and can also be directed vertically up through a suitable tower.X1.4Air for AtomizationX1.4.1The air used for atomization must be free of grease, oil,and dirt before use by passing through well-maintainedﬁlters.Room air may be compressed,heated,humidiﬁed,and washed in a water-sealed rotary pump if the temperature of the water is suitably controlled.Otherwise cleaned air may be introduced into the bottom of a towerﬁlled with water through a porous stone or multiple nozzles.The level of the water must be maintained automatically to ensure adequate humidiﬁcation.A chamber operated in accordance with this method and Appendix X1will have a relative humidity between95and 98%.Since salt solutions from2to6%will give the same results(though for uniformity the limits are set at4to6%),it is preferable to saturate the air at temperatures well above the chamber temperature as insurance of a wet fog.Table X1.2 shows the temperatures,at different pressures,that are required to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric pressure.X1.4.2Experience has shown that most uniform spray chamber atmospheres are obtained by increasing the atomizing air temperature sufficiently to offset heat losses,except those that can be replaced otherwise at very low-temperature gradi-ents.X1.5Types of ConstructionX1.5.1A modern laboratory cabinet is shown in Fig.X1.1. Walk-in chambers are usually constructed with a sloping ceiling.Suitably located and directed spray nozzles avoid ceiling accumulation and drip.Nozzles may be located at the ceiling,or0.91m(3ft)from theﬂoor directed upward at30to 60°over a passageway.The number of nozzles depends on type and capacity and is related to the area of the test space.An11 to19L(3to5-gal)reservoir is required within the chamber, with the level controlled.The major features of a walk-in type cabinet,which differs signiﬁcantly from the laboratory type, are illustrated in Fig.X1.2.Construction of a plastic nozzle, such as is furnished by several suppliers,is shown in Fig.X1.3.TABLE X1.2Temperature and Pressure Requirements forOperation of Test at95°FAir Pressure,kPa8396110124 Temperature,°C46474849Air Pressure,psi12141618 Temperature,°F114117119121。

ASTM B117-16 盐雾实验仪的标准操作规程(中文版)

名称：B117 - 16盐雾实验仪的标准操作规程本标准以固定名称B117颁发; 紧接指定的数字表示原始采纳的年份，或者在修订的情况下是最近一次修订的年份。

括号中的数字表示上次重新批准的年份。

上标epsilon（'）表示自上次修订或重新批准以来的编辑更改。

该标准已被美国国防部的机构批准使用。

1.范围1.1这种做法涵盖了创建和维护盐雾（雾）测试环境所需的设备，程序和条件。

可以使用的合适的设备在下面描述附录X1.1.2这种做法不规定测试样本的类型或用于特定产品的暴露期，也不规定对结果的解释。

1.3以SI单位表示的数值将被视为标准。

括号中给出的数值仅供参考。

1.4本标准不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如果有的话）。

本标准的使用者有责任确定适当的安全和健康实践，并在使用前确定监管限制的适用性。

2.参考文件2.1ASTM标准：2B368 铜加速醋酸 - 盐雾（雾）测试（CASS测试）的测试方法D609 用于测试油漆，清漆，转化涂层和相关涂层产品的冷轧钢板的制备实践D1193 试剂水规范D1654 测试腐蚀环境下涂漆或涂层试样的评估方法E70 用玻璃电极测定水溶液pH值的试验方法E691 为进行实验室间研究以确定测试方法的精确度的做法G85 改进的盐雾（雾）测试实践此最新版本于2016年3月15日获得批准。

2016年4月发布。

最初于1939年获得批准。

2011年批准的最新版本为B117-11。

DOI：10.1520 / B0117-16。

如，或联系ASTM客户服务部。

有关ASTM标准年度卷的信息，请参阅ASTM网站上的标准文件摘要页面。

3.意义和用途3.1这种做法提供了一个受控的腐蚀环境，该环境已被用来产生暴露在给定测试室中的金属和涂覆金属的样品的相对耐腐蚀性信息。

3.2当用作独立数据时，自然环境中的性能预测很少与盐雾结果相关。

3.2.1基于暴露于本实践提供的测试环境的腐蚀性能的相关性和外推并不总是可预测的。

盐雾试验标准操作规范ASTMB117-03[2]

盐雾试验仪器标准操作规范ASTM B117-031.范围1.1该规范包括仪器设备，程序和建立及保持盐雾试验环境的所需条件。

使用的仪器描述见附录Ⅹ1。

1.2该规范不规定试验试样的类型或特定产品的试验暴露期，也不对试验结果给出解释。

1.3标准工作指示列出的值被视为标准。

圆括号中的英寸-磅的单位是提供的近似信息。

1.4该标准不宣称提出了所有的安全顾虑，提出的只是与它的使用相关的。

该标准的使用者有责任确立相关健康安全规范，使用前判定适用的法规限制。

2.参考文献2.1ASTM标准：B368 铜加速的醋酸腐蚀盐喷雾试验（CASS试验）的标准试验方法D609 涂料，清漆，转化涂层和相关覆层产品的测试用冷轧钢板制备的标准实验规范D1193 试剂水的标准规范D1654 腐蚀环境中涂漆或涂层试样评估的标准测试方法E70 用玻璃电极测量水溶液PH值的标准试验方法E691 为测定试验方法精密度开展的实验空间的研究的标准实施规范G85 改进的盐喷雾雾化试验的标准试验规范3.意义和使用3.1 该规范提供受控的腐蚀环境，用于得出暴露在测试室中的金属和涂层了的金属样板的抗腐蚀信息。

3.2自然环境的性能预测与单独使用的盐雾试验结果数据少有关联。

3.2.1基于暴露于该规范提供的测试环境下的腐蚀性能关联性和推断并非一定的。

3.2.2仅在执行了相关确实的长期环境暴露，才考虑其关联性和推断。

3.3 盐雾试验结果的再现性高度依赖测试试样的类型，所选评定标准和操作变量的控制。

任何测试程序中，应含足够的再现性以确立结果变差。

有类似试样在不同测试室中测试，观察变差，即使测试条件名义上相似并在规范范围内。

4. 仪器设备4.1 设备要求包含一个烟雾腔室，一个盐溶液储罐，一个合适条件下压缩空气的供给，一个或多个雾化喷嘴，试样支架，腔室加热规范，和必要的控制方法。

设备的尺寸和详细构造是可选择的，只要得到的条件满足该规范要求。

4.2 堆积在腔室顶部或盖上的溶液滴不允许掉在暴露的试样表面。

ASTMB117_2018年操作盐雾测试机的标准实验方法(中文)

ASTM B117－2016 操作盐雾测试机的标准实验方法本标准是在以固定称呼 B117 来发行；而跟随在称呼之后的数字则表示为最早发行之年份或修订情况下的最后年份。

括号内之号码则表示该版本经确认之最后年版。

如果后面又加上括号内并含一希腊字母时则代表在最后版本确认后还有编辑上的修改。

本标准已由国防部核准使用。

1. 范围1.1 本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使用之适合的试验机。

1.2 本实验并没有规定特定产品使用的测试标本或暴露期的类型，也没有规定对结果的解释。

1.3 以SI(国际公制单位)数据单位来表示的值被视为标准。

以括号表示的英吋-磅单位只是相等的信息。

1.4 本标准并未指明试验方法上所产生之任何安全问题，该安全问题是引用本标准之使用者的责任。

使用者应自行建立适当之安全卫生操作方法，并且在使用前决定应有的使用限制规定。

2. 参考文件2.1 ASTM 标准B 368－铜加速醋酸盐雾试验方法(CASS试验)D 1193－冷轧钢板的制备实践用于测试油漆、清漆、转换涂料，以及相关涂料产品D 1193－规范试剂水D 1654－涂漆或有镀层的试片在腐蚀环境下的评估方法E 70－使用玻璃电极测量含水溶液的pH值之试验方法E 691－进行实验室间研究的实践来确定测试方法的精度G 85－改良盐水喷雾试验的实验3. 重要性以及使用3.1 本实验提供一个受控制之腐蚀环境，该环境被利用来让金属与镀金属的试件暴露于一特定试验室中而产生相关防腐蚀的讯息。

3.2 当使用独立的数据时，在自然环境中试验的预估很少与盐水喷雾的结果有所关连。

3.2.1 基于暴露于本实验所提供的试验环境，腐蚀发生的关系与推测并不常是可预料的。

3.2.2 只有在适当的确定长期环境暴露已被采用时，相互关系与推测应被考虑。

3.3 暴露于盐水喷雾结果的再现性是高度取决于试验试件的种类所选择的评估准则，以及操作变异的控制。

ASTM B117盐雾试验标准

ASTM B117盐雾试验标准1．适用范围1.1本规程将说明产生和维持盐雾试验环境所要求的仪器，方法和条件。

可以使用的合适仪器将在附录Ⅺ中说明。

1.2 本规程没有规定试样类型或特定产品的盐雾接触时间，也没有规定对试验结果应做的解释。

1.3 用公制单位表示的数据将被认为是标准数据。

英制单位数据被标在括号内供参考，并且可能是近似值。

1.4 同本标准应用有关的一切安全问题不是本标准的重点。

本标准的使用者有责任在应用前建立适宜的安全，卫生规程以及确定允许限定值的适用范围。

2．参考文献2.1 ASTM标准：B 368 用以加快铜腐蚀的醋酸-盐雾试验方法（CASS试验）。

D 609 供测试涂料，清漆，更换贴面以及相关贴面产品用的冷轧钢板制备规程。

D 1193 试剂水规格。

D 1654 在腐蚀性环境使用的涂装或贴面试样鉴定用试验方法。

E 70 玻璃电极水溶液的pH值测试方法。

E 691 开展实验室间研究，以确定测试方法精度所适用的规程。

G 85 改进的盐雾试验规程。

3．意义和用途3.1 本规程提出一种受控的腐蚀性环境，金属及涂装的金属试样在规定的测试室这种腐蚀性环境下将产生相应的抗腐蚀数据。

3.2 在自然环境下的性能预测值与单独使用的盐雾试验结果几乎没有关联。

3.2.1 以本规程提出的测试环境为基础得出的腐蚀性能相关性和外推值并不总是可以用来做预测。

3.2.2 只有在进行了适宜的长期大气暴露验证之后才可考虑关联性和外推值。

3.3 盐雾暴露试验结果的重复性主要取决于被测试样的类型和选定的鉴定标准，以及操作参数的控制。

任一测试项目都应搞足够的重复试验，以便了解结果的波动性。

即使测试条件通常类似，并且处在本规程规定的范围内，在不同的盐雾室测试类似的试样，仍获得不同的结果。

4．仪器4.1 盐雾暴露试验所要求的仪器由以下构件组成：盐雾室，盐溶液储罐，经适当空调的压缩空气的供应管道，一个或多个雾化喷嘴，试样支架，盐雾室加热装置和必要的控制器。

astm_b117-盐雾试验标准中文

本标准是在以固定称呼 B117 来发行，而跟随在称呼之后的数字则表示为最早发行之年版或是最后发行年版，括号内之号码则表示该版本经确认之最后年版，如果后面又加上括号内并含一希腊字母时则代表在最后版本确认后还有编辑上的修改。

本标准已由国防部核准使用。

1. 范围本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使用之适合的试验机。

本实验没有指定试验样品的种类或者对于特定产品所需的曝露时间，也不对结果作说明。

以SI(国际公制单位)数据单位来表示被视为标准。

英吋-磅单位以括号表示是为了提供资讯且可能是相等的。

本标准并未指明试验方法上所产生之任何安全问题，该安全问题是引用本标准之使用者的责任。

使用者应自行建立适当之安全卫生操作方法，并且在使用前决定应有的使用限制规定。

2. 参考文件ASTM 标准B 368－醋酸铜盐水喷雾试验方法(CACC试验) . D 1193－试剂水4(Reagent Water)的规范.D 1654－涂漆或有镀层的试片在腐蚀环境3下之评估方法.E 70－使用玻璃电极5量测含水溶液的pH值之试验方法.E 691－决定试验方法的正确性6.G 85－修正盐水喷雾试验的实验73. 重要性以及使用本实验提供一个受控制之腐蚀环境，该环境被利用来让金属与镀金属的试件暴露于一特定试验室中而产生相关防腐蚀的讯息。

当使用独立的数据时，在自然环境中试验的预估很少与盐水喷雾的结果有所关连。

基于暴露于本实验所提供的试验环境，腐蚀发生的关系与推测并不常是可预料的。

只有在适当的确定长期环境暴露已被采用时，相互关系与推测应被考虑。

2/15暴露于盐水喷雾结果的再现性是高度取决于试验试件的种类所选择的评估准则，以及操作变异的控制。

在任何试验程序中，在建立结果的变异应包括充分的复制。

当类似的试件于不同的雾室中试验，即使试验条件是大约相同且介于本实验所规定的范围内，还是有可能发觉其变异性。

ASTM_B117-2011盐雾试验标准中文

本标准已由国防部核准使用。

1. 范围1.1 本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使用之适合的试验机。

1.2 本实验没有指定试验样品的种类或者对于特定产品所需的曝露时间，也不对结果作说明。

1.3 以SI(国际公制单位)数据单位来表示被视为标准。

英吋-磅单位以括号表示是为了提供资讯且可能是相等的。

1.4 本标准并未指明试验方法上所产生之任何安全问题，该安全问题是引用本标准之使用者的责任。

使用者应自行建立适当之安全卫生操作方法，并且在使用前决定应有的使用限制规定。

3.2 当使用独立的数据时，在自然环境中试验的预估很少与盐水喷雾的结果有所关连。

3.2.1 基于暴露于本实验所提供的试验环境，腐蚀发生的关系与推测并不常是可预料的。

3.2.2 只有在适当的确定长期环境暴露已被采用时，相互关系与推测应被考虑。

2/153.3 暴露于盐水喷雾结果的再现性是高度取决于试验试件的种类所选择的评估准则，以及操作变异的控制。

在任何试验程序中，在建立结果的变异应包括充分的复制。

ASTM B117-2016 操作盐雾测试机的标准实验方法(中文)

A S T M B117－2016操作盐雾测试机的标准实验方法本标准是在以固定称呼B117来发行；而跟随在称呼之后的数字则表示为最早发行之年份或修订情况下的最后年份。

括号内之号码则表示该版本经确认之最后年版。

如果后面又加上括号内并含一希腊字母时则代表在最后版本确认后还有编辑上的修改。

本标准已由国防部核准使用。

1.范围1.1本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使1.31.43.1相关防腐蚀的讯息。

3.2当使用独立的数据时，在自然环境中试验的预估很少与盐水喷雾的结果有所关连。

3.2.1基于暴露于本实验所提供的试验环境，腐蚀发生的关系与推测并不常是可预料的。

3.2.2只有在适当的确定长期环境暴露已被采用时，相互关系与推测应被考虑。

3.3暴露于盐水喷雾结果的再现性是高度取决于试验试件的种类所选择的评估准则，以及操作变异的控制。

在任何试验程序中，在建立结果的变异应包括充分的复制。

当类似的试件于不同的雾室中试验，即使试验条件是大约相同且介于本实验所规定的范围内，还是有可能发觉其变异性。

4.仪器4.1盐雾试验所需之仪器包括了雾室、盐水溶液槽、适当供应的压缩空气、一个或多个雾化喷嘴、试件支撑板、加热雾室的设备及必要的控制方法。

只要所获得的条件符含本练习的需要，则仪器的大小及细部构造均是可选择的。

4.2积聚在顶板上或雾室盖子上的溶液水滴应不可让其滴落在暴露的试件上。

4.3自试件上滴落的溶液水滴，不可再回收到溶液槽内供下次再喷洒。

4.4结构上的材料应不能影响到雾室的腐蚀。

4.5)。

注15.16.16.26.4试6.5注2：若想要在已镀好涂层或其它披覆铁板上面，剪切下试验件的一部份，则该切边应用油漆、腊、胶带或其它有效的介质予以保护，以避免这种切边和其邻边镀层或其它涂覆的金属表面发展出所谓的电流腐蚀效应(galvaniceffect)。

7.暴露期间试件的位置7.1在盐雾室中试验期间试件的位置应符合下列条件：7.1.1除非另有规定，否则试件应以支撑或悬吊的方式，以及基于其试验的主要表面最好应与平行于盐雾通过雾室流动的主流方向的垂直面呈15°至30°之间的倾斜。

螺丝盐雾测试判定标准

螺丝盐雾测试判定标准螺丝盐雾测试判定标准引言螺丝盐雾测试是一种常用的测试方法，用于评估材料的耐腐蚀性能。

根据不同的标准和要求，我们可以对材料进行不同时间周期的螺丝盐雾测试。

本文将介绍一些常见的螺丝盐雾测试判定标准。

ASTM B117-16ASTM（美国材料与试验协会）制定了许多与螺丝盐雾测试相关的标准。

其中，ASTM B117-16是最为常见的标准之一。

根据ASTM B117-16标准的要求，可以将螺丝盐雾测试结果分为以下几个等级：•无锈蚀等级–未出现白色氧化物、黑色氧化物或橙色铁锈•轻微锈蚀等级–锈蚀区域少于3%–锈蚀区域的最大直径不超过1/16英寸（）•中度锈蚀等级–锈蚀区域在3%到10%之间–锈蚀区域的最大直径在1/16英寸（）到1/8英寸（）之间•严重锈蚀等级–锈蚀区域超过10%–锈蚀区域的最大直径超过1/8英寸（）根据实际需要，可以选择不同的等级作为判定标准。

ISO 9227ISO 9227是国际标准化组织（International Organization for Standardization）制定的与螺丝盐雾测试相关的标准。

ISO 9227标准同样将螺丝盐雾测试结果分为不同的等级：•NSS（Neutral Salt Spray，中和盐雾）–纯氯化钠溶液–测试时间可根据需要选择•AASS（Acetic Acid Salt Spray，乙酸盐雾）–乙酸盐溶液–测试时间可根据需要选择•CASS（Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray，含铜乙酸盐雾）–含铜乙酸盐溶液–测试时间可根据需要选择通过设定不同的盐雾测试时间和盐雾溶液，可以获得不同的腐蚀等级结果。

GB/TGB/T 是中国国家标准化管理委员会（Standardization Administration of China）制定的与螺丝盐雾测试相关的标准。

GB/T 标准将螺丝盐雾测试结果分为以下几个等级：•不功能性锈蚀–未出现锈蚀–没有影响基本功能•功能性轻微锈蚀–锈蚀范围小于3%–对基本功能影响可接受•功能性中度锈蚀–锈蚀范围在3%到10%之间–对基本功能影响明显•功能性严重锈蚀–锈蚀范围超过10%–对基本功能影响严重根据GB/T 标准，可以判定螺丝的腐蚀程度，并评估其对基本功能的影响。

ASTM B117-2016(中文)

ASTM B117-2016盐雾试验仪的标准操作规程Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray(Fog)Apparatus盐雾试验仪的标准操作规程1本标准以固定的标准号B117发布，紧跟着标准号的数字表示原先采用版本的年号，或者是当有修订时的最新修订版的年号。

括号里的数字表示此标准的最后重新批准时间。

上标小字体（ε）显示从最后修订可重新审批时的编辑变化。

本标准规范已被美国国防部批准采用。

1.范围1.1本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使用之适合的试验机。

1.2本实验没有指定试验样品的种类或者对于特定产品所需的曝露时间，也不对结果作说明。

1.3用SI单位表述的数值被认为是标准值。

圆括号内给出的值仅供参考信息。

1.4本标准并没有完全列举所有的安全声明，如果有必要，根据实际使用情况进行斟酌。

使用本规范前，使用者有责任制定符合安全和健康要求的条例和规范，并明确该规范的使用范围。

2.引用文件2.1ASTM标准：2B368醋酸铜盐水喷雾试验方法(CACC试验)D609测试冷扎钢板喷涂、清漆、化学涂层和其他相关涂层产品的制剂D1193试剂水(Reagent Water)的规范D1654涂漆或有镀层的试片在腐蚀环境下之评估方法E70使用玻璃电极量测含水溶液的pH值之试验方法E691决定试验方法的正确性G85修正盐水喷雾试验的实验1本规范由ASTM G01委员会（金属腐蚀）所管辖，关于实验室腐蚀试验由G01.05分委员会直接负责。

本版本于2016年3月15日批准，2016年4月发布。

其最初版本于1939年经批准。

上一版于2011年经批准，其编号为B117-11。

DOI:10.1520/B0117-16。

2对于参考的ASTM标准，请查看ASTM网站，或联系ASTM客户中心，邮件：service@。

ASTM标准卷册年鉴的信息见ASTM网站的标准文件摘录页。

ASTM-B117盐雾试验标准

名称ASTM-B117-09盐雾试验标准本标准已被批准供国防部下述机构使用。

1、使用范围1.1本标准规程包括产生和维持盐雾实验环境所要求的仪器和程序，可能用到的合适的仪器在附录X1里说明。

1.2本规程并不指定试验的样本类型，或特殊产品的喷雾时间，也不对试验结果作出解释。

1.3以SI为单位的数据是标准的，括号内的数据仅供参考。

1.4本标准并不旨在涵盖所有的安全性问题，如果有，也是与它的使用方法有关系。

本标准的使用者有责任来建立合适的安全及健康操作程序，并在使用前决定规程限制的适用性。

2、参考文献2.1 ASTM标准2B368 用以加速铜腐蚀的醋酸-盐雾试验方法（CASS试验）D609 测试冷扎钢板喷涂、清漆、化学涂层和其他相关涂层产品的制剂D1193 试剂水说明D1654 在腐蚀环境下，样本喷涂估算的试验方法E70 玻璃电极水溶液PH值的试验方法E691 开展实验室间研究，以确定试验方法精密度的规程G85 更新的盐雾试验规程3、意义及作用3.1本规程提供了一种可控的腐蚀环境，金属及涂装金属在给定的试验房间里产生相关的防腐蚀信息。

3.2在自然环境下对其性能的预测值，与单独作为数据的盐雾试验结果很少有关联。

3.2.1建立在这种规程试验环境下，其腐蚀性能的关联值和外延值并不总是可预测的。

3.2.2只有在证实进行了适宜的长期自然环境的暴露以后，才应当考虑关联值和外延值。

3.3盐雾试验结果的可重复性，在很大程度上依赖于试验的样品和所选择的标准，也依赖于对操作变量的控制。

在一些测试程序中，应当考虑到大量的数据采集次数，以建立试验结果的可变性。

即使试验条件相似，测试的浓度范围一样，在不同的盐雾实验室内，相似的样本其试验结果也不一样。

4、装置4.1盐雾试验所要求的装置，包括一个盐雾室，盐溶液储罐、适当的压缩空气供应装置、一个或多个喷嘴、样品支撑架、盐雾室加热装置和其他必要的控制部件。

装置的尺寸和详细的结构是可选择的，只要能提供本规程所要求的环境即可。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

ASTM B117－2016 操作盐雾测试机的标准实验方法本标准是在以固定称呼B117 来发行；而跟随在称呼之后的数字则表示为最早发行之年份或修订情况下的最后年份。

括号内之号码则表示该版本经确认之最后年版。

如果后面又加上括号内并含一希腊字母时则代表在最后版本确认后还有编辑上的修改。

本标准已由国防部核准使用。

1. 范围1.1 本实验方法包含了仪器、程序以及为了建立与保持盐水喷雾试验环境所要求之条件。

附录X1描述可被使用之适合的试验机。

1.2 本实验并没有规定特定产品使用的测试标本或暴露期的类型，也没有规定对结果的解释。

1.3 以SI(国际公制单位)数据单位来表示的值被视为标准。

以括号表示的英吋-磅单位只是相等的信息。

1.4 本标准并未指明试验方法上所产生之任何安全问题，该安全问题是引用本标准之使用者的责任。

使用者应自行建立适当之安全卫生操作方法，并且在使用前决定应有的使用限制规定。

3.2 当使用独立的数据时，在自然环境中试验的预估很少与盐水喷雾的结果有所关连。

3.2.1 基于暴露于本实验所提供的试验环境，腐蚀发生的关系与推测并不常是可预料的。

3.2.2 只有在适当的确定长期环境暴露已被采用时，相互关系与推测应被考虑。

3.3 暴露于盐水喷雾结果的再现性是高度取决于试验试件的种类所选择的评估准则，以及操作变异的控制。

在任何试验程序中，在建立结果的变异应包括充分的复制。

当类似的试件于不同的雾室中试验，即使试验条件是大约相同且介于本实验所规定的范围内，还是有可能发觉其变异性。

4. 仪器4.1 盐雾试验所需之仪器包括了雾室、盐水溶液槽、适当供应的压缩空气、一个或多个雾化喷嘴、试件支撑板、加热雾室的设备及必要的控制方法。

只要所获得的条件符含本练习的需要，则仪器的大小及细部构造均是可选择的。

4.2 积聚在顶板上或雾室盖子上的溶液水滴应不可让其滴落在暴露的试件上。

4.3 自试件上滴落的溶液水滴，不可再回收到溶液槽内供下次再喷洒。

4.4 结构上的材料应不能影响到雾室的腐蚀。

4.5 本实验所使用之所有的水应符合D1193规范上所述之Type IV水(除非受本实验限制氯化物与钠可被忽略)。

这并不适用于水龙头流出水。

所有提到的其它的水将被归类为试药级。

注1：电导率≤1.0μS/cm（或电阻率≥1.0MΩ）的水由于反应性，可能对某些设备造成损害。

此外，它还可能导致稳定测量pH值的问题。

5. 试验件5.1 试验件的型式及数量和试验结果的评估条件均应在被试验材料或产品的规范中加以定义，或是应由买卖双方的同意条件而定。

6. 试验件的准备6.1 试件应予以适当地清洁，清洁的方式是可选择的取决于其表面的本质条件及其覆盖的污物而定，要注意试件在清洁之后不可因过度或不慎搬运而使试件再次受到污染。

6.2 对欲作评估的油漆及其它有机涂层的试片应依据所适当被暴露材料的规范而予以准备，或是由买卖双方彼此同意。

此外，这试验件本身应含有钢质，并符合D609实验的要求，并且在清洁干净后要依D609之适当程序准备。

6.3 涂有漆层或非金属披覆的样品，不应予以过度地清洁或处理。

6.4 不论何时若想在漆层或有机披覆上，有一磨光区域来决定腐蚀的发展，则应该在涂层上用一利器深入划下刮痕线，使其底层金属在试验之前即予以暴露。

除非在买卖双方彼此间同意，否则划刮痕的方式应如D1654试验方法中之定义。

6.5 除非另有规定否则在镀层、披覆或双层材料的切边及有识别记号的区域，或是和固定架支撑板接触的地方，均应用适当的披覆予以保护。

注2：若想要在已镀好涂层或其它披覆铁板上面，剪切下试验件的一部份，则该切边应用油漆、腊、胶带或其它有效的介质予以保护，以避免这种切边和其邻边镀层或其它涂覆的金属表面发展出所谓的电流腐蚀效应(galvanic effect)。

7. 暴露期间试件的位置7.1 在盐雾室中试验期间试件的位置应符合下列条件：7.1.1 除非另有规定，否则试件应以支撑或悬吊的方式，以及基于其试验的主要表面最好应与平行于盐雾通过雾室流动的主流方向的垂直面呈15°至30°之间的倾斜。

7.1.2 试件彼此之间不可相互接触也不可触及任何金属材料或任何足以产生虹吸作用的材料。

7.1.3 每个试件应被放在能够被盐雾喷洒到的位置上。

7.1.4 自试件上滴落的盐液不可再掉在其它任何的试件上。

注3：适当的固定架/支撑板的结构或披覆的材料是玻璃、橡胶、塑料或有适当披覆的木板。

裸露的金属不宜被使用。

试件最好能自下方或侧边上予以支撑。

有槽的木条适合作为平面板的支撑。

若要达到试件所规定的定点位置，可将其悬挂于玻璃钩或涂腊的细绳下，若有必要的话可在试片的下方另借着二次支撑来达到目的。

8. 盐水溶液8.1 盐水溶液的准备应以溶解重量为（5±1）单位的氯化钠于95单位的水，水质应符合规范D 1193中Type IV的水(除非受本实验限制氯化物与钠可被忽略)。

需要小心注意盐的化学成份。

所使用的盐应为氯化纳，全部的不纯物总量不得超过0.3%。

氯化物以外所组成的卤化物(溴化物、氟化物和碘化物)的含量不可超过盐含量的0.1%。

铜的含量应不可超过0.3 ppm。

不可使用已含添加抗结块剂的氯化钠，因为该添加剂的作用如同腐蚀的防止剂一般。

这些不纯物的最大限制列于表1中。

当买方和卖方之间同意时，可以要求依据上述所规定之化学成份以外的其它元素或化合物的含量限制作分析。

8.2 盐水溶液的PH值应是当在35℃(95℃)雾化之后所收集到的溶液，其PH值范围应在6.5 ~7.2之间(注4)。

在溶液雾化之前它应该是不含悬浮固体(注5)。

pH值应该是在23 ± 3℃(73℃ ± 5℃)时使用适当的玻璃pH感应电极来测量，所参考的电极和pH计系统依据E 70所规定的试验方法实施。

pH测量数据应每天记录一次(在周六、日及假期，当盐雾试验并不因试件暴露而重新安排或移动试件，或是去检查及补充液槽内的溶液而有所间断时则不需纪录，数据收集和测量最大间隔不得超过96小时)。

只有稀释的试剂级的盐酸(HCl)或者试剂级的氢氧化钠(NaOH)可用于调整pH值。

注4：由饱和的水与二氧化碳所调制而成的盐液在室温下其pH值会受到温度的影响而改变，而pH值的调整可通过下列三种方式：(1) 当盐水溶液的PH值在室温下被调整之后，并在35℃(95℃)下雾化，因收集到的溶液由于在较高温度下二氧化碳的散失，其pH值会比原溶液来的高。

因此当pH值在室温下调整时，它必须尽可能被调整在6.5以下，以使得在35℃(95℃)雾化之后所收集的溶液才能符合PH值介于6.5 ~ 7.2之限制范围。

在室温下取约50ml的盐液样品，逐渐煮沸约30秒再冷却，然后量测其pH值。

当依此方式所测得的盐液其PH值被调整在6.5 ~ 7.2 之间时，则在35℃(95℃)雾化后所收集到的液液，其pH值将可符合这个范围。

(2) 将盐水溶液加热至沸腾并冷却至35℃(95℃)，并在调整PH值之前将其维持在35℃(95℃)约48小时，这样将所产生的溶液其PH值在35℃(95℃)雾化时不会有实质上的改变。

(3) 将准备好的盐水溶液加热至35℃(95℃)或以上，让二氧化碳排出，并将PH值调整在6.5~ 7.2之间，这样所产生的溶液其PH值在35℃(95℃)雾化时不会有实质上的改变。

注5：准备好的新鲜盐水溶液在置入盐液槽之前应予以过滤，或是将其慢慢地倾倒出，或者是在引导盐液到雾化器的管子底部上时覆盖上一双层的组棉布，以避免喷嘴的阻塞。

注6：藉加入稀释的ACS试药级盐酸或氢氧化钠溶液可以将PH值予以调整。

9. 空气的供应9.1 作为雾化盐液而供应到空气饱合塔的压缩空气应不可含油及污物(注7)。

此空气应该在以空气饱合塔为基础下维持在一足够的压力状况以符合在表2中在空气饱合塔的顶端上所建议的的压力。

注7：空气供应不受油和污物影响可以将其通过一种适当的油/水过滤器(其可在市场上购得)以阻止任何油到达空气饱合塔。

许多的油/水过滤器有一个满位指标，适当的保养维护预防间隔应该将其纳入考虑。

9.2 对喷嘴的压缩的空气供应应有条件的被导引进入一装满水的饱和塔的底部。

导入空气通常的方法是透过一个空气分散装置( X1.4.1 )。

必须自动地保持水的水位以确保充分湿润。

这个饱和塔中的温度通常保持在46℃ ~ 49℃ (114℃ ~ 121℃)之间以抵消在雾化过程期间对大气压力扩散的冷却影响。

列于表2中的温度，在不同压力下，一般用来对大气压力扩散的冷却效应提供补偿。

9.3 应该对压力与塔温度的关系小心注意，因为这个关系对保持适当的收集率会造成直接影响(注8)。

在表2中所列出的空气饱合温度将比上述所提到的在盐雾室内温度的一个湿雾的保证更好。

注8：如果饱和塔是超出了这些所建议温度和压力范围之外相对于如本实验中的10.2所描述的实现适当的收集率，应该以其它适当方法来调查以验证在雾室里的腐蚀比率，例如使用控制样品(在测试传导上利用已知性能的试验板)。

最好是所提供的管制板与被测试样品有同类的性能。

管制考虑到在重复试验的运转期间其测试条件的正常化，也允许由相同测试的重复差异间之测试结果的比较。

(参考附录X3，腐蚀性的条件的评估，对重量损失程序)。

10. 盐雾室内的条件10.1 温度：雾室在暴露区上的温度应维持在35℃ ± 2℃ (95℃ ± 3℃)的范围内。

在雾室里的单一位置可能不一定能够代表整个雾室的条件是均匀的，每个设定点和它的公差代表一个操作上的管制点。

密闭室内暴露区的温度应至少每天记录（注9）一次(在周六、日及假期当盐雾试验并不因试件暴露而重新安排或移动试件，或是去检查及补充液槽内的溶液而有所间断时则不需纪录)。

注9：适当记录温度的方法是借着一连续记录的设备或是藉由一可以自密室外面直接读取温度的温度计。

所纪录的温度必须是雾室关闭以后所获得的，以避免因雾室打开后湿球效应(wet-bulb)所造成的不正确的低温读数。

10.2 雾化及雾化量：至少要摆放两个干净的盐雾收集器在暴露区内，不可收集自测试件上滴下的试液或任何其它的来源。