欧盟200613EC法规规定二恶英及二恶英类多氯联苯限量标准

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二恶英排放标准

二恶英排放标准

二恶英排放标准
二恶英排放标准主要是针对工业生产和废物处理过程中可能产生的二恶英排放
进行限制和监管。

这些标准通常涉及到排放源的监测、排放浓度的限制、排放设备的要求等方面。

通过实施严格的排放标准,可以有效地减少二恶英对环境和人体健康造成的危害。

在美国,环保署(EPA)制定了严格的二恶英排放标准,对包括焚烧设施、化
工厂、废物处理厂等在内的排放源进行监管。

根据这些标准,排放源需要安装监测设备,并定期对二恶英排放进行监测和报告。

同时,针对不同行业和设施,EPA
也规定了相应的二恶英排放限值,要求排放浓度不得超过规定标准。

在欧洲,欧盟也颁布了严格的二恶英排放标准,要求成员国依法制定相应的法规,并对排放源进行监管和管理。

欧盟委员会制定了《工业排放指令》(IED),
其中包括了对二恶英排放的限制要求。

此外,欧洲各国还可以根据自身情况和需要,制定更为严格的地方法规,以确保二恶英排放的控制和减少。

除了美国和欧洲,其他国家和地区也都制定了相应的二恶英排放标准,以保护
环境和公众健康。

这些标准的实施需要相关部门和企业的密切合作,需要监测设备的支持和监管部门的严格执法。

只有通过全社会的共同努力,才能有效地控制二恶英的排放,减少其对环境和人体健康的危害。

总的来说,二恶英排放标准的制定和实施对于保护环境和公众健康具有重要意义。

各国需要加强合作,共同制定更为严格的标准,并通过技术手段和管理手段,有效地减少二恶英的排放。

只有这样,我们才能建立一个更加清洁、健康的生活环境,让人们远离二恶英的危害。

欧盟对饲料中的二恶英残留限量规定

欧盟对饲料中的二恶英残留限量规定

欧盟对饲料中的二恶英残留限量规定2005年7月29日,欧盟委员会修订了有关动物饲料中不良物质的第2002/32/EC号指令。

除现有二恶英[dioxins]的最高残留量外,对饲料中的二恶英[dioxins]、呋喃[furans]及二恶英类多氯联苯(PCBs)的总量规定了欧共体的最高协调限量标准。

主要内容如下:除植物油及副产品外,所有植物源性饲料材料:1.25 ng/kg;
植物油及副产品:1.50 ng/kg;
矿物源性饲料材料:1.50 ng/kg;
动物脂肪,包括乳及蛋类脂肪:3.0 ng/kg;
其它陆生动物产品,包括乳及乳制品,蛋及蛋制品:1.25ng/kg;
鱼油: 24 ng/kg;
除鱼油外,鱼、其他水生动物及产品和副产品:4.50ng/kg;
含20%以上油脂的鱼水解蛋白:11.0 ng/kg;
粘合剂及抗黏结剂类的添加剂:1.5 ng/kg;
微量元素化合物类的添加剂:1.50 ng/kg;
除动物毛皮外合成饲料:1.50 ng/kg;
鱼饲料,宠物饲料:7.00 ng/kg;
除最高标准外,还建议处置标准作为主管当局和执行者对鉴定为污染源的重点地方,采取降低、或根除措施的主要工具。

二恶英[dioxins]源及二恶英类多氯联苯PCBs源执行不同的处置标准。

欧盟的上述要求于2006年5月1日生效。

[禾火07-03-23文]。

欧盟修订二嚼英和多氯联苯含量检测方法

欧盟修订二嚼英和多氯联苯含量检测方法
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欧盟对食品中重金属、二恶英等污染物的最大残留限量的修订

欧盟对食品中重金属、二恶英等污染物的最大残留限量的修订

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二恶英的排放标准是什么

二恶英的排放标准是什么
[小常识]二恶英的排放标准是什么?
发表时间:2010-03-30 来源:中国环境报第8版 作者:[打印][关闭] 城市生活 垃圾焚烧厂烟气中二恶英排放当量(根据Eadon的计算方法,以毒性当量表示,简称TEQ或I-TEQ)限定值,各国标准不一致。对于新建的垃圾焚烧厂,最严格的国、奥地利、瑞典、荷兰、日本等。以日本为例,处理规模不同的焚烧厂,烟气排放要求是有明显区别的,如处理规模小于2t/h的垃圾焚烧炉,二恶英控制标准为5ng-TEQ/Nm3。实际上对二恶英排放控制标准无论日本还是欧洲都有一个逐步提高标准的过程,以挪威为例,1983年垃圾焚烧控制指标还没有二恶英,1990年为2ng-TEQ /Nm3,2002年提高为0.1ng-TEQ /Nm3,满足欧盟标准要求。

欧盟出台法规限定二恶因(dioxins)及多氯联苯(PCBs)在食

欧盟出台法规限定二恶因(dioxins)及多氯联苯(PCBs)在食

欧盟出台法规限定二恶因(dioxins)及多氯联苯(PCBs)在食品和饲料中的最大含量2006年2月3日,欧盟发布委员会条例(EC) No 199/2006,修改有关食品及饲料中二恶因(dioxin)及二恶因类多氯联苯(dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls,PCBs)污染物的最大含量标准的欧委会条例(EC) No 466/2001。

二恶因是一组化学物质,是具有相似结构、相似化学和物理特性的多氯芳香化合物。

它们并不是有目的生产出来的化学物质,而是在化学过程形成的副产品。

从自然灾害(如:火山爆发、森林大火)到人类生产活动的过程(如:生产化学品、农药、钢材、油漆涂料、纸浆纸张漂白、废气排放等)都有这种物质的存在。

二恶因指的是一族涵盖广的化学物质,其210种不同的二恶因化合物中,只有17种带有毒性。

多氯联苯(PCBs)是另一组化学物质,是通过将苯直接氯化而合成的氯化芳香族碳氢化合物(chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons)。

通过技术合成的多氯联苯现今仍很普及,像变压器、建筑材料、润滑剂、涂层、增塑剂和油墨都使用这种物质。

有些PCB合成物有与二恶因相似的毒性,所以它们经常被称作“二恶因类”多氯联苯。

二恶因和多氯联苯不易在水中溶解却极易在脂肪中溶解,这就意味着它们易与环境中的沉淀物和有机物黏合在一起,并被动物和人类脂肪组织吸收。

从人类感染渠道来看,通过皮肤接触和呼吸使人类感染的机会很小,而食用二恶因污染了的食物是人类感染的主要渠道。

二恶因及多氯联苯所含毒性能导致一系列健康问题,包括癌症、免疫及神经系统紊乱、皮肤毒性、肝脏损坏及不育。

自2002年7月以来,二恶因在动物源性食品和所有动物饲料中的最大限量已经有相关的适用法规,但由于当时缺乏足够的数据资料和科学信息,并未就二恶因类多氯联苯在食品及饲料中的限量做出规定。

2002年以来,不断有新的有关二恶因类多氯联苯的数据出现,使得这项法规成为可能。

欧盟为二噁英和PCB设限

欧盟为二噁英和PCB设限

欧盟为二噁英和PCB设限
佚名
【期刊名称】《中国饲料添加剂》
【年(卷),期】2006(000)004
【摘要】在欧盟三国因猪和鸡饲料遭致癌化学品感染而引发恐慌之后,欧盟委员会对食品中二嗯英和多氯联苯(PCB)的含量设定了上限。

该上限将于2006年11月开始执行,这将为食品加工企业和其他产业的公司采购配料或向市场投放产品时提供又一个参数。

【总页数】1页(P54-54)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F116.7
【相关文献】
1.欧盟加强对二噁英的限制 [J], 冯四清(译编)
2.垃圾焚烧新标有望下半年施行二噁英下降到欧盟最严格标准 [J], 马伟
3.欧盟:为二恶英和PCB设限 [J],
4.我国首家二噁英和PCBs检测实验室获认证 [J],
5.欧盟为二恶英和PCB设限 [J],
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。

欧盟200613EC法规规定二恶英及二恶英类多氯联苯限量标准

欧盟200613EC法规规定二恶英及二恶英类多氯联苯限量标准
表1欧盟2006/13/EC法规规定二噁英及二噁英类多氯联苯限量标准
饲料及产品
Products intended for animal feed
欧盟2006/13/EC法规
二噁英(PCDD/F)最大限量
二噁英类多氯联苯(PCBs)执行限量
•除植物油和其副产品外的所有植物源性饲料
Feed materials of plant origin, including vegetable oil and byproducts
•0.75 ng /kg
0.5 ng /kg
•添加剂(微量元素复合物类)
Additives belonging to the functional group of compounds of trace elements
•1.0 ng /kg
0.35 ng /kg
•预混料Premixtures
•1.0 ng /kg
•动物脂肪,包括奶脂肪、蛋脂肪Animal fat, including milk fatand egg fat
•2.0 ng /kg
0.75 ng /kg
•其他陆生动物产品,包括奶和奶制品,蛋和蛋制品
Other land animal products including milk and milk products and eggs and egg products
•0.75 ng /kg
0.35 ng /kg
•植物油和其副产品Vegetable oils and their byproducts
•0.75 ng /kg
0.5 ng /kg
•矿物源性饲料原料Feed materials of mineral origin

二恶英检测标准

二恶英检测标准

二恶英检测标准二恶英是一种有毒的化学物质,对人体健康和环境造成严重危害。

因此,对二恶英的检测标准至关重要。

本文将介绍二恶英的检测标准,包括检测方法、标准要求和应用范围等内容。

一、检测方法。

二恶英的检测方法主要包括气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)、高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC-MS)和酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)等。

其中,GC-MS是目前应用最为广泛的方法,其检测灵敏度高、准确性好,能够有效地检测出样品中的二恶英含量。

HPLC-MS和ELISA方法在一定情况下也具有一定的应用价值,但相对来说检测灵敏度和准确性略有不足。

二、标准要求。

针对不同的用途和场合,二恶英的检测标准也有所不同。

在食品安全领域,二恶英的检测标准主要参照国家标准《食品安全国家标准二恶英、二氯联苯和多氯联苯的最大残留限量》(GB 2762-2017)进行检测。

在环境监测领域,二恶英的检测标准主要参照国家标准《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)进行检测。

此外,还有一些行业标准和地方标准对二恶英的检测提出了具体要求,需要根据实际情况进行选择和执行。

三、应用范围。

二恶英的检测标准适用于食品、环境、药品、化工产品等多个领域。

在食品领域,二恶英的检测标准主要用于检测谷物及其制品、油脂及其制品、禽畜肉及其副产品等食品中的二恶英残留量。

在环境监测领域,二恶英的检测标准主要用于大气、水体、土壤等环境介质中的二恶英含量。

在药品和化工产品领域,二恶英的检测标准也有相应的应用要求。

四、总结。

二恶英的检测标准是保障人体健康和环境安全的重要手段,其准确性和可靠性直接影响着检测结果的真实性。

因此,在进行二恶英的检测工作时,需要严格按照相关的检测方法和标准要求进行操作,确保检测结果的准确性和可信度。

同时,不断完善和更新二恶英的检测标准,也是当前和未来的工作重点之一,以适应不同领域和行业的需求。

通过本文的介绍,相信读者对二恶英的检测标准有了更深入的了解,希望能够对相关工作和研究提供一定的参考和帮助。

欧盟颁布食品污染物最高限量新法

欧盟颁布食品污染物最高限量新法

欧盟颁布食品污染物最高限量新法
佚名
【期刊名称】《《农产品市场周刊》》
【年(卷),期】2007(000)025
【摘要】欧盟宣布,关于食品污染物最高限量的新法规(ec1881/2006号条例)自2007年3月1日起正式生效,原ec466/2001号食品污染物法规同时废止。

据悉,此次欧盟关于食品污染物最高限量的新法规对硝酸盐、真菌毒素、重金属、二噁英及类二噁英多氯联苯、三氯丙醇等6大类食品污染物作出了最高限量要求。

【总页数】1页(P1)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】F767.2
【相关文献】
1.欧盟颁布果汁标准新法规:禁止在纯果汁中添加糖 [J],
2.欧盟颁布食品污染物最高限量的食品新法规 [J], 张研博(译)
3.欧盟将颁布果汁标准新法规 [J],
4.欧盟颁布纤维名新法规5月生效 [J],
5.欧盟颁布果汁标准新法规:禁止在纯果汁中添加糖 [J],
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。

欧盟新版食品中污染物限量法规将于5月25日正式实施

欧盟新版食品中污染物限量法规将于5月25日正式实施

欧盟新版食品中污染物限量法规将于5月25日正式实施法规更新欧盟官方公报2023年5月5日消息,4月25日,欧盟委员会发布条例(EU)2023/915《关于食品中某些污染物最高含量的条例》,该条例废除了欧盟法规(EC)No 1881/2006,将于2023年5月25日生效。

污染物限量法规(EC) No 1881/2006自从2006年以来经过了多次修改,为了提高法规文本的可读性,避免使用大量脚注,同时考虑到某些食品的特殊情况,欧盟此次制定了新版的污染物限量法规。

除了总体结构调整外,新法规的主要变化涉及术语和食品类别的定义,修订的污染物涉及多环芳烃、二噁英、DL-多氯联苯等,大多数污染物最大限量水平保持不变。

(EU) 2023/915主要内容及主要变化如下:(1)制定了食品、食品经营者、最终消费者、投放市场等定义。

(2)附件1所列的食品不得投放市场,也不得用作食品中的原材料;符合附件1规定的最高水平的食品不得与超过这些最高水平的食物混合。

(3)食品类别的定义更接近于(EC)396/2005关于农药最大残留限量的法规。

除了水果、蔬菜和谷物,坚果、油籽和香料的相应产品清单现在也适用。

(4)禁止脱毒处理。

含有附件1所列污染物的食品不得故意通过化学处理进行解毒。

(5)(EC) No 1881/2006号条例的过渡措施继续适用,并在第10条中明确列出。

新版关于污染物最大残留限量的重要变更:▶黄曲霉毒素:如果加工食品占相应产品的80%,黄曲霉毒素的最大限量规定也适用于加工食品。

▶多环芳烃 (PAHs):鉴于现有的分析数据和生产方法,速溶/可溶咖啡中多环芳烃的含量可以忽略不计,因此,取消速溶/可溶性咖啡产品中多环芳烃的最大限量;另外,明确了婴幼儿配方奶粉、较大婴儿配方奶粉以及婴幼儿特殊医学用途配方食品的多环芳烃最高限量水平适用的产品状态,即仅适用于即食状态下的产品。

▶三聚氰胺:在婴儿配方奶粉中三聚氰胺的现有最大限量基础上,增加了液态速溶配方奶粉中的最高含量。

二恶英的执行标准

二恶英的执行标准

一、执行标准现状1. 国家标准是《危险废物焚烧污染控制标准(GB18484-2001)》,二噁英排放标准是0.5 ng TEQ/Nm3;《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准(GB18485-2001)》二噁英排放标准是1.0 ng TEQ/Nm3;2. 欧盟标准是《DIRECTIVE 2000/76/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENTAND OF THE COUNCIL of 4 December 2000 on the incineration of waste DIRECTIVE》,二噁英排放标准是0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3;3. 北京市地方标准是《生活垃圾焚烧大气污染物排放标准(DB11/502-2007)》、《危险废物焚烧大气污染物排放标准(DB11/503-2007)》,二噁英排放标准是0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3;4. 上海市地方标准是《生活垃圾焚烧大气污染物排放标准(DB31/ xxxx—2013)》,二噁英排放标准是0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3;该标准已出意见稿,尚未敲定实施。

5. 广州标准正在制定当中,其它省份、直辖市未出台该类标准。

环测评定时,二噁英依据标准,根据垃圾焚烧单位所在在而定,首先依据地方标准,如无地方标准则依据国家标准。

二、二噁英排放标准是0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3依据通常评价二噁英时采用每日可耐受摄入量(TDI)的概念,即从人体健康的角度出发,把人一生所能耐受的二噁英总量分解为1日/kg体重所能摄取的量。

2001年世界卫生组织根据所取得的最新毒理学研究成果,尤其是对神经系统和内分泌系统的毒性效应研究成果,对外公布的二噁英人体安全摄入量的标准TDI值为1~4 pg/(kg•d)(1 pg=10-12 g)。

按每人生存70年,对人体健康无明显危害的摄入量为:成人体重70公斤体重算,每月摄入量不大于4.9 ng,每年摄入量不大于59 ng,儿童按15公斤体重算,每年摄入量不大于10 ng。

欧盟食品中二恶英和多氯联苯最大限量要求

欧盟食品中二恶英和多氯联苯最大限量要求

3,0 pg/g
fat (33) 6,0 pg/g
33
fat ( )
5.6 Hen eggs and egg products (6) Fat of the following animals:
3,0 pg/g fat (33) 6,0 pg/g fat (33)
— bovine animals and sheep 5.7
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第1页共3页
厦门 WTO/TBT-SPS 通报咨询工作站整理,供参考
(6) Foodstuffs listed in this category as defined in Regulation (EC) No 853/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for food of animal origin (OJ L 226, 25.6.2004, p. 22). (24) Fish listed in this category as defined in category (a), with the exclusion of fish liver falling under code CN 0302 70 00, of the list in Article 1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000 (OJ L 17, 21.1.2000, p. 22) as last amended by the Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded (OJ L 236, 23.9.2003, p. 33). In case of dried, diluted, processed and/or compound foodstuffs Article 2(1) and 2(2) apply. (25) Where fish are intended to be eaten whole, the maximum level shall apply to the whole fish. (31) Dioxins (sum of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), expressed as World Health Organisation (WHO) toxic equivalent using the WHO-toxic equivalency factors (WHO-TEFs)) and sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs (sum of PCDDs, PCDFs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), expressed as WHO toxic equivalent using the WHO-TEFs). WHO-TEFs for human risk assessment based on the conclusions of the WHO meeting in Stockholm, Sweden, 15 to 18 June 1997 (Van den Berg et al., (1998) Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for Humans and for Wildlife. Environmental Health Perspectives, 106 (12), 775).

EC 1881-2006(中文版) 欧盟关于食品污染物最高限量的新法规

EC 1881-2006(中文版) 欧盟关于食品污染物最高限量的新法规
6.1.8 6.1.9
第六部分:多环芳香族碳氢化合物
食品(1)
最大限量(μ g/kg 重量)
苯并[a]芘
专供人类直接食用或作为食品配料的油及脂(可可
油除外)
2
熏肉及熏肉制品
5
熏鱼及熏制水产品(25、36)不包括双壳贝类。最大限量
按熏制甲壳动物计,褐色蟹肉及龙虾肉胸肉及类似的大甲
壳动物除外(海螯虾科及龙虾科)
0.02 0.02 0.1 0.5 0.3
0.5 1.5 1 0.2
0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.05
0.2(28) 0.2(28)
0.05 0.2 0.5 1 0.05
0.1 0.3
0.5 1 1 0.1 0.1 0.2
0.05 0.2
0.1
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.4.5
4pg/g 重量 3pg/g 脂肪 3pg/g 脂肪
3pg/g 脂肪 2pg/g 脂肪 1pg/g 脂肪
12pg/g 重量 6pg/g 脂肪 6pg/g 脂肪
4.5pg/g 脂肪 4pg/g 脂肪 1.5pg/g 脂肪
6.1
6.1.1 6.1.2
6.1.3 6.
备注: 括号内序号详细解释请参考英文版标准
最大限量(mg/kg)
3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5
3.1.6 3.1.7 3.1.8 3.1.9
3.1.10 3.1.11 3.1.12 3.1.13 3.1.14 3.1.15
3.1.16 3.1.17
3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.5

2006-13-EC-欧盟对饲料产品中二恶英的要求标准

2006-13-EC-欧盟对饲料产品中二恶英的要求标准

COMMISSION DIRECTIVE2006/13/ECof3February2006amending Annexes I and II to Directive2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs(Text with EEA relevance)THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,Having regard to Directive2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of7May2002on undesirable substances in animal feed(1),and in particular Article8(1) thereof,Whereas:(1)Directive2002/32/EC provides that the putting intocirculation and the use of products intended for animalfeed that contain levels of undesirable substancesexceeding the maximum levels laid down in Annex Ithereto is prohibited.(2)The term‘dioxins’as referred to in this Directive covers agroup of75polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin congeners(PCDD)and135polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDF)congeners,of which17are of toxicological concern.Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)are a group of209different congeners which can be divided into twogroups according to their toxicological properties:12congeners exhibit similar toxicological properties todioxins and are therefore often termed‘dioxin-likePCBs’.The other PCBs do not exhibit dioxin-liketoxicity but they have a different toxicological profile.(3)Each congener of dioxins or dioxin-like PCBs exhibits adifferent level of toxicity.In order to be able to sum upthe toxicity of these different congeners,the concept oftoxic equivalency factors(TEFs)has been introduced tofacilitate risk assessment and regulatory control.Thismeans that the analytical results relating to all17indi-vidual dioxin congeners and to the12dioxin-like PCBcongeners are expressed in terms of a quantifiable unit,namely the‘TCDD toxic equivalent concentration’(TEQ).(4)On30May2001the Scientific Committee for Food(SCF)adopted an opinion on the Risk Assessment ofDioxins and Dioxin-like PCBs in Food,updating itsopinion of22November2000on this subject on thebasis of new scientific information that had becomeavailable since the latter’s adoption(2).The SCF fixed atolerable weekly intake(TWI)of14pg WHO-TEQ/kgbody weight for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.Exposureestimates indicate that a considerable proportion of theCommunity population have a dietary intake in excess ofthe TWI.Certain population groups in some countriescould be at higher risk owing to particular dietary habits.(5)More than90%of human dioxin and dioxin-like PCBexposure derives from foodstuffs.Foodstuffs of animalorigin normally contribute approximately80%ofoverall exposure.The dioxin and dioxin-like PCBburden in animals stems mainly from feedingstuffs.Therefore feedingstuffs,and in some cases soil,are ofconcern as potential sources of dioxins and dioxin-likePCBs.(6)The Scientific Committee for Animal Nutrition(SCAN)has been asked to advise on the sources of contami-nation of feedingstuffs with dioxins and PCBs,including dioxin-like PCBs,the exposure of food-producing animals to dioxins and PCBs,the carry-overof these compounds to food products of animal origin,and any impact on animal health of dioxins and PCBspresent in feedingstuffs.The SCAN adopted an opinionon6November2000.It identified fish meal and fish oilas the most heavily contaminated feed materials.Animalfat was identified as the next most seriouslycontaminated material.All other feed materials ofanimal and plant origin had relatively low levels ofdioxin contamination.Roughages presented a widerange of dioxin contamination depending on location,degree of contamination with soil and exposure tosources of aerial pollution.The SCAN recommended,inter alia,that emphasis should be placed on reducingthe impact of the most contaminated feed materials onoverall diet contamination.(1)OJ L140,30.5.2002,p.10.Directive as last amended by Directive2005/87/EC(OJ L318,6.12.2005,p.19).(2)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the RiskAssessment of Dioxins and Dioxin-like PCBs in Food adopted on 30May2001—Update based on new scientific information available since the adoption of the SCF opinion of22November 2000(http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/scf/out90_en.pdf).(7)Although,from a toxicological point of view,themaximum level should apply to dioxins and dioxin-likePCBs,maximum levels were set for dioxins only and notfor dioxin-like PCBs,given the very limited data availableat that time on the prevalence of dioxin-like PCBs.However,in the meantime more data on the presenceof dioxin-like PCBs have become available.(8)According to Directive2002/32/EC,the Commissionshould review the provisions as regards dioxins by theend of2004for the first time,in the light of new dataon the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs,inparticular with a view to the inclusion of dioxin-likePCBs in the levels to be set.(9)All operators in the food and feed chain must continueto make all possible efforts to do all that is necessary tolimit the presence of dioxins and PCBs present in feedand food.Directive2002/32/EC accordingly providesthat the maximum levels applicable should be furtherreviewed by31December2006at the latest with theaim of significantly reducing the maximum levels.Giventhe time necessary to obtain sufficient monitoring data todetermine such significantly lower levels,that time-limitshould be extended.(10)It is proposed to set maximum levels for the sum ofdioxins and dioxin-like PCBs expressed in World HealthOrganisation(WHO)toxic equivalents,using the WHO-TEFs as this is the most appropriate approach from atoxicological point of view.In order to ensure asmooth switchover,for a transitional period theexisting levels for dioxins should continue to apply,inaddition to the newly set levels for the sum of dioxinsand dioxin-like PCBs.The separate maximum level fordioxins(PCDD/F)remains applicable for a temporaryperiod.The products intended for animal feedmentioned in point27a have to comply during thatperiod with the maximum levels for dioxins and withthe maximum levels for the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.Consideration will be given by31December2008to dispensing with the separate maximum level fordioxins.(11)It is of major importance that analytical results arereported and interpreted in a uniform way in order toensure a harmonised enforcement approach throughoutthe mission Directive2002/70/EC of26July2002establishing requirements for the determi-nation of levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs infeedingstuffs(1)provides that a product intended foranimal feeding shall be considered as non-compliantwith the established maximum level if the analyticalresult confirmed by duplicate analysis and calculated asthe mean of at least two separate determinations exceedsthe maximum level beyond reasonable doubt taking intoaccount the measurement uncertainty.There are differentpossibilities to estimate the expanded uncertainty(2).(12)The scope of Directive2002/32/EC covers the possibilityof establishing maximum levels of undesirable substancesin feed additives.Since high levels of dioxins have beenfound in trace elements,a maximum level should beestablished for dioxins and the sum of dioxins anddioxin-like PCBs for all additives belonging to the func-tional group of compounds of trace elements and themaximum levels should be extended to all additivesbelonging to the functional group of binders and anti-caking agents and to premixtures.(13)In order to encourage a proactive approach to reducingthe dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs present in food andfeed,action levels were set by Commission Recommend-ation2002/201/EC of4March2002on the reduction ofthe presence of dioxins,furans and PCBs in feedingstuffsand foodstuffs(3).Those action levels are a tool forcompetent authorities and operators to highlight thosecases where it is appropriate to identify a source ofcontamination and to take measures to reduce oreliminate it.Since the sources of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs are different,separate action levels should bedetermined for dioxins on the one hand and for dioxin-like PCBs on the other hand.(14)Directive2002/32/EC provides for the possibility ofsetting action levels.The action levels should thereforebe transferred from Recommendation2002/201/EC toAnnex II to Directive2002/32/EC.(15)The reduction of human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs through food consumption is important andnecessary to ensure consumer protection.As foodcontamination is directly related to feed contamination,an integrated approach must be adopted to reduce dioxinand dioxin-like PCB incidence throughout the food chain,i.e.from products intended for animal feed throughfood-producing animals to humans.A proactiveapproach is followed to actively reduce the dioxins anddioxin-like PCBs in feed and food and consequently themaximum levels applicable should be reviewed within adefined period of time with the objective to set lowerlevels.Therefore consideration will be given by31December2008at the latest to significantly reducingthe maximum levels for the sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.(1)OJ L209, 6.8.2002,p.15.Directive as amended by Directive2005/7/EC(OJ L27,29.1.2005,p.41).(2)Information on different ways for the estimation of the expandeduncertainty and on the value of the measurement uncertainty can be found in the report‘Report on the relationship between analytical results,measurement uncertainty,recovery factors and the provisions of EU food and feed legislation’—http://europa.eu.int/comm/food /food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/report-sampling_analysis_2004_ en.pdf(3)OJ L67,9.3.2002,p.69.(16)Operators need to make efforts to step up their decon-tamination capacity to remove effectively dioxins anddioxin-like PCBs from fish oil.Further efforts have todone by the operators to investigate the different possi-bilities to remove dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from fishmeal and fish protein-hydrolysates.Once the decontami-nation technology is also available for fish meal and fishprotein hydrolysates,operators will have to do efforts toprovide for sufficient decontamination capacity.Thesignificant lower maximum level for the sum of dioxinsand dioxin-like PCBs,to which consideration shall begiven by31December2008,shall be for fish oil,fishmeal and fish protein hydrolysates based on the technicalpossibilities of the most effective,economically viable,decontamination procedure.As regards fish feed,thissignificant lower level shall be determined based on thetechnical possibilities of the most effective,economicallyviable,decontamination procedure for fish oil and fishmeal.(17)The extraction procedure used for the analysis of dioxinsand dioxin-like PCBs has a large influence on theanalytical result in particular on products intended foranimal feed of mineral origin and it is therefore appro-priate to determine before the date of application theextraction procedure to be used for the analysis ofdioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.(18)Directive2002/32/EC should therefore be amendedaccordingly.(19)The measures provided for in this Directive are inaccordance with the opinion of the StandingCommittee on the Food Chain and Animal Health, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:Article1Annexes I and II to Directive2002/32/EC are amended in accordance with the Annex to this Directive.Article21.Member States shall bring into force the laws,regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by4November2006at the latest.They shall forthwith communicate to the Commission the text of those provisions and a correlation table between those provisions and this Directive.When Member States adopt those provisions,they shall contain a reference to this Directive or be accompanied by such a reference on the occasion of their official publication.Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made.2.Member States shall communicate to the Commission the texts of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive.Article3This Directive shall enter into force on the20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.Article4This Directive is addressed to the Member States.Done at Brussels,3February2006.For the CommissionMarkos KYPRIANOUMember of the CommissionANNEX (a)Point27in Annex I to Directive2002/32/EC is replaced by the following:Undesirable substances Products intended for animal feed Maximum content relative to a feedingstuff with a moisture content of12%(1)(2)(3)‘27a.Dioxins(sum of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins(PCDDs)and polychlorinateddibenzofurans(PCDFs)expressed inWorld Health Organisation(WHO)toxicequivalents,using the WHO-TEFs(toxicequivalency factors,1997(*)(a)Feed materials of plant origin with theexception of vegetable oils and their by-products0,75ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(b)Vegetable oils and their by-products0,75ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(c)Feed materials of mineral origin1,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(d)Animal fat,including milk fat and egg fat2,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(e)Other land animal products includingmilk and milk products and eggs andegg products0,75ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(f)Fish oil6,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(g)Fish,other aquatic animals,their productsand by-products with the exception offish oil and fish protein hydrolysatescontaining more than20%fat(****)1,25ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(h)Fish protein hydrolysates containing morethan20%fat2,25ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(i)The additives kaolinitic clay,calciumsulphate dihydrate,vermiculite,natrolite-phonolite,synthetic calcium aluminatesand clinoptilolite of sedimentary originbelonging to the functional groups ofbinders and anti-caking agents0,75ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(j)Additives belonging to the functionalgroup of compounds of trace elements1,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***) (k)Premixtures1,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(l)Compound feedingstuffs,with theexception of feed for fur animals,petfoods and feed for fish0,75ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)(m)Feed for fish.Pet foods2,25ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)27b.Sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs(sum of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins(PCDDs),polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs)and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)expressed in World Health Organi-sation(WHO)toxic equivalents,using theWHO-TEFs(toxic equivalency factors,1997(*)(a)Feed materials of plant origin with theexception of vegetable oils and their by-products1,25ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(b)Vegetable oils and their by-products1,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(c)Feed materials of mineral origin1,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(d)Animal fat,including milk fat and egg fat3,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(1)(2)(3)(e)Other land animal products including1,25ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)milk and milk products and eggs andegg products(f)Fish oil24,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)4,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(g)Fish,other aquatic animals,their productsand by-products with the exception offish oil and fish protein hydrolysatescontaining more than20%fat(****)(h)Fish protein hydrolysates containing more11,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)than20%fat1,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(i)Additives belonging to the functionalgroups of binders and anti-caking agents(j)Additives belonging to the functional1,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)group of compounds of trace elements(k)Premixtures1,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)1,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(l)Compound feedingstuffs,with theexception of feed for fur animals,petfoods and feed for fish7,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(m)Feed for fish.Pet foods(*)WHO-TEFs for human risk assessment based on the conclusions of the World Health Organisation meeting in Stockholm,Sweden,15-18June1997(Van den775).Berg et al.,(1998)Toxic Equivalency Factors(TEFs)for PCBs,PCDDs,and PCDFs for Humans and for Wildlife.Environmental Health Perspectives,106(12),(b)Annex II to Directive2002/32/EC is replaced by the following:‘Undesirable substances Products intended for animal feedAction threshold relative to afeedingstuff with a moisture contentof12%Comments and additional information(e.g.nature of investigations to beperformed)(1)(2)(3)(4)1.Dioxins(sum of polychlorinateddibenzo-para-dioxins(PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)expressed in World Health Organisation(WHO) toxic equivalents,using the WHO-TEFs(toxic equivalency factors,1997(*)(a)Feed materials of plant originwith the exception ofvegetable oils and their by-products0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(b)Vegetable oils and their by-products0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(c)Feed materials of mineralorigin0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(d)Animal fat,including milk fatand egg fat1,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(e)Other land animal productsincluding milk and milkproducts and eggs and eggproducts0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(f)Fish oil5,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not benecessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level insome areas is close to or above theaction level.However,in caseswhere the action level is exceededall information,such as samplingperiod,geographical origin,fishspecies etc.,should be recordedwith a view to future measures tomanage the presence of dioxinsand dioxin-like compounds inthese materials for animal nutrition.(g)Fish,other aquatic animals,their products and by-products with the exceptionof fish oil and fish proteinhydrolysates containing morethan20%fat 1,0ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not benecessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level insome areas is close to or above theaction level.However,in caseswhere the action level is exceeded,all information,such as samplingperiod,geographical origin,fishspecies etc.,must be recordedwith a view to future measures tomanage the presence of dioxinsand dioxin-like compounds inthese materials for animal nutrition.(h)Fish protein hydrolysatescontaining more than20%fat 1,75ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not benecessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level insome areas is close to or above theaction level.However,in caseswhere the action level is exceeded,all information,such as samplingperiod,geographical origin,fishspecies etc.,must be recordedwith a view to future measures tomanage the presence of dioxinsand dioxin-like compounds inthese materials for animal nutrition.(i)Additives belonging to thefunctional groups of bindersand anti-caking agents 0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(j)Additives belonging to the functional group of com-pounds of trace elements 0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(k)Premixtures0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified, take appropriate measures,where possible,to reduce or eliminate source of contamination.(l)Compound feedingstuffs, with the exception offeedingstuffs for fur animals,pet foods and feedingstuffsfor fish 0,5ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(m)Feedingstuffs for fish.Pet foods 1,75ng WHO-PCDD/F-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not benecessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level insome areas is close to or above theaction level.However,in caseswhere the action level is exceeded,all information,such as samplingperiod,geographical origin,fishspecies etc.,must be recordedwith a view to future measures tomanage the presence of dioxinsand dioxin-like compounds inthese materials for animal nutrition.2.Dioxin like PCBs(sum of poly-chlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) expressed in World Health Organisation(WHO)toxic equivalents,using the WHO-TEFs(toxic equivalency factors, 1997(*)(a)Feed materials of plant originwith the exception ofvegetable oils and their by-products0,35ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(b)Vegetable oils and their by-products0,5ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(c)Feed materials of mineralorigin0,35ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(d)Animal fat,including milk fatand egg fat0,75ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(e)Other land animal productsincluding milk and milkproducts and eggs and eggproducts0,35ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(f)Fish oil14,0ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not be necessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level in some areas is close to or above the action level.However,in cases where the action level is exceeded, all information,such as sampling period,geographical origin,fish species etc.,must be recorded with a view to future measures to manage the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in these materials for animal nutrition.(g)Fish,other aquatic animals,their products and by-products with the exceptionof fish oil and fish proteinhydrolysates containing morethan20%fat 2,5ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not benecessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level insome areas is close to or above theaction level.However,in caseswhere the action level is exceeded,all information,such as samplingperiod,geographical origin,fishspecies etc.,must be recordedwith a view to future measures tomanage the presence of dioxinsand dioxin-like compounds inthese materials for animal nutrition.(h)Fish protein hydrolysatescontaining more than20%fat 7,0ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not benecessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level insome areas is close to or above theaction level.However,in caseswhere the action level is exceeded,all information,such as samplingperiod,geographical origin,fishspecies etc.,must be recordedwith a view to future measures tomanage the presence of dioxinsand dioxin-like compounds inthese materials for animal nutrition.(i)Additives belonging to thefunctional groups of bindersand anti-caking agents 0,5ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(j)Additives belonging to the functional group of com-pounds of trace elements 0,35ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(k)Premixtures0,35ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified, take appropriate measures,where possible,to reduce or eliminate source of contamination.(l)Compound feedingstuffs, with the exception offeedingstuffs for fur animals,pet foods and feedingstuffsfor fish 0,5ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)Identification of source of contam-ination.Once source is identified,take appropriate measures,wherepossible,to reduce or eliminatesource of contamination.(m)Feedingstuffs for fish.Pet foods 3,5ng WHO-PCB-TEQ/kg(**)(***)In many cases it might not benecessary to perform an investi-gation into the source of contami-nation as the background level insome areas is close to or above theaction level.However,in caseswhere the action level is exceeded,all information,such as samplingperiod,geographical origin,fishspecies etc.,must be recordedwith a view to future measures tomanage the presence of dioxinsand dioxin-like compounds inthese materials for animal nutrition.(*)WHO-TEFs for human risk assessment based on the conclusions of the World Health Organisation meeting in Stockholm,Sweden,15-18June1997(Van den Berg et al.,(1998)Toxic Equivalency Factors(TEFs)for PCBs,PCDDs,PCDFs for Humans and for Wildlife.Environmental Health Perspectives,106(12),775).。

欧盟垃圾焚烧污染物排放标准

欧盟垃圾焚烧污染物排放标准

欧盟垃圾焚烧污染物排放标准欧盟议会和理事会考虑到欧盟成立条约,特别是第175(1)条,委员会的建议,经济和社会委员会的意见,当地委员会的意见,按照251条的规定条约和10月11日调解委员会批准的联合文本鉴于:(1)第五个环境行动计划:实现可持续发展-欧洲共同体关于环境和可持续发展的方案政策和行动,由2179/98/EC补充,设置的目标为某些污染物如氮氧化物(NOx),二氧化硫(SO2),重金属和二噁英的浓度和临界负荷不应超过标准,同时空气质量的目标是所有人应得到有效保护,免受来自大气污染的健康风险。

方案的进一步目标是到2005年确定的二噁英排放量相比于1985年减少90%,所有途径的镉(Cd),汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)的排放量至少减少70%。

(2)由联合国欧洲经济委员会公约框架内的国家签署的关于持久性有机污染物的协议,规定远距离越境空气污染,如二噁英和呋喃的排放限值为0.1ng/m,每小时燃烧3t生活垃圾产生的二噁英类毒性当量排放限值为0.5 ng/m,每小时燃烧1t医疗垃圾产生的二噁英类毒性当量排放限值为0.2 ng/m。

(3)由联合国欧洲经济委员会公约框架内的国家签署的关于重金属污染物的协议,规定远距离越境空气污染,如危险和医疗垃圾焚烧产生的颗粒排放限值为10mg/m3,危险垃圾焚烧产生的汞的排放限值为0.05 mg/m3,生活垃圾焚烧产生的汞的排放限值为0.08 mg/m3。

(4)国际癌症研究机构和世界卫生组织指出一些多环芳烃的芳香族碳氢化合物(PAHs)是致癌物质,因此,各成员国可设定多环芳烃的排放限值。

(5)为符合条约5的辅助性和对称性原则,共同体需要采取行动,预防原则为进一步的措施提供了基础,这些规章限定了焚烧和焚烧厂的最低要求。

(6)此外,第174条规定,关于环境的社会政策必须为保护人类健康作出贡献。

(7)因此,高水平的环境保护和人类健康保护需要设置和保持严格的经营条件,技术条件和焚烧厂的排放限值,该排放限值应该能够最大限度地防止和限制对环境产生的的负面影响和对人类健康产生的风险。

欧盟ROHS环保标准--关于2006-66-EC号电池指令

欧盟ROHS环保标准--关于2006-66-EC号电池指令

欧盟ROHS环保标准--关于2006/66/EC号电池指令关于2006/66/EC号电池指令欧洲在2003年相继出台了RoHS和WEEE指令,令各国特别是国内的电器生产厂商哗然,奔波于两个指令之间。

而同样是“电”字开头的电池则有专门的电池指令——91/157/EEC,93/86/EEC和98/101/EC。

近年来,电池指令的发展迅速。

1991年3月18日,欧盟第91/157/EEC号[含有某些危险物质之电池和蓄电池]指令制定完成。

之后,欧盟委员会又于1999年1月5日公布了第98/101/EC号指令,该指令为第91/157/EEC号指令之修订版。

最近,欧盟委员会于2006年9月26日正式公告第2006/66/EC号[电池、蓄电池、废电池及废蓄电池]指令,并自2008年9月26日起废止现行之第91/157/EEC号[含有某些危险物质之电池和蓄电池]指令。

“回收令”令广大电池企业陷入尴尬1991年3月18日,欧盟发布91/157/EEC号电池指令该指令称,含汞量超过0.0005%、含镉量超过0.002%的电池,将在欧盟境内都将被禁止销售。

此外,欧盟将从2008年开始强制回收废旧电池,回收费用则由生产厂家来负担。

从2009年开始,所有在欧盟境内销售的电池都必须标明具体使用寿命。

2012年之前,欧盟境内1/4的废旧电池须被回收。

到2016年时,这一比例应达到45%。

目前,欧盟此项指令已获欧盟理事会与欧洲议会批准,即将成为欧盟法律。

在成为欧盟法律之后,各欧盟成员国将在两年内通过相关国内法律与之相适应。

欧盟指出,实施该草案的目的是为了保护环境,防止废电池中镉等金属污染。

实际上,早在2002年,欧委会就颁布2002/525/EC号决定,规定自今年1月1日起停止出售含金属镉的电动汽车用电池。

此外,今年7月1日起,欧盟《关于在电子电气设备禁止使用某些有害物质指令》(RoHS)有将开始实施,指令规定投放于市场的新电子和电气设备不得包含铅、汞、镉、六价铬、聚溴二苯醚和聚溴联苯。

欧盟将评估食品与饲料中二恶英污染风险

欧盟将评估食品与饲料中二恶英污染风险

5月29日欧盟食品安全局发布消息称,应欧盟委员会的要求,欧盟食品安全局审查了食品与饲料当中多个二恶英推荐安全限量。

欧盟食品安全局将首次对饲料当中的二恶英进行风险评估。

目前有多个机构在对二恶英进行风险评估的基础上得出了不同的推荐安全限量(通常称为“健康指南值”)。

欧盟食品安全局审查了科学委员会(欧盟)、食品添加剂专家委员会(JECFA)以及美国环保署的推荐指南值与采取的方法。

二恶英与类二恶英多氯联苯是环境当中的污染物,通过燃烧与工业排放而产生。

这类环境持久污染物可进入食物链,并在生物体内累积对公共健康构成威胁。

欧盟就活性炭去除鱼油中的二恶英与二恶英类多氯联苯发布意见

欧盟就活性炭去除鱼油中的二恶英与二恶英类多氯联苯发布意见

欧盟就活性炭去除鱼油中的二恶英与二恶英类多氯联苯发布意

佚名
【期刊名称】《食品与生物技术学报》
【年(卷),期】2017(36)9
【摘要】据欧盟食品安全局消息,应欧委会的要求,欧盟食品安全局污染物专家组就活性炭去除鱼油中的二恶英与二恶英美多氯联苯发布意见.
【总页数】1页(P1007-1007)
【关键词】二恶英类;多氯联苯;活性炭;欧盟;鱼油;食品安全;欧委会;专家组
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】X705
【相关文献】
1.基于分子对接的类二恶英类多氯联苯的拉曼光谱增强 [J], 辛美玲;邱尤丽;张书京;李鱼
2.杭州市冬季大气气溶胶PM2.5中二恶英和多氯联苯的污染特征 [J], 李沐霏;刘
劲松;周欣;朱国华;巩宏平;陈贝;王玲;孙军军
3.同位素稀释气相色谱-离子阱二级质谱法测定牛奶中残留的二恶英类多氯联苯 [J], 丁罡斗;李翔;刘汉霞;仲维科;贺银凤;张垚;孙毅之
4.销毁含多氯联苯废弃物焚烧炉的二恶英类二恶英和多氯联苯排放 [J], 蒋可;李灵军
5.欧盟对用正己烷萃取法和鱼油替代法去除鱼粉中二恶英和多氯联苯的去污方法进行评估 [J],
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0.35 ng /kg
•配合饲料(毛皮动物和鱼饲料除外)Compound feedingstuffs, with the exception of feedingstuffs for fur animals,pet foods and feedingstuffs for fish
•0.75 ng /kg
•动物脂肪,包括奶脂肪、蛋脂肪Animal fat, including milk fatand egg fat
•2.0 ng /kg
0.75 ng /kg
•其他陆生动物产品,包括奶和奶制品,蛋和蛋制品
Other land animal products including milk and milk products and eggs and egg products
•0.75 ng /kg
0.35 ng /kg
•鱼油Fish oil
•6.0 ng /kg
14 ng /kg
•鱼和其他水生动物以及其加工品和副产品,不包括鱼油和脂肪含量20%以上的鱼水解蛋白
Fish, other aquatic animals, their products and byproducts with the exception of fish oil and fish protein hydrolysates containing more than 20 % fat
•1.25 ng /kg
2.5 ng /kg
•脂肪含量20%以上的鱼水解蛋白
Fish protein hydrolysates containing more than 20 % fat
•2.25 ng /kg
7.0 ng /kg
•添加剂(黏合剂和防结块剂类)
Additives belonging to the functional groups of binders and anti-caking agents
•0.75 ng /kg
0.5 ng /kg
•添加剂(微量元素复合物类)
Additives belonging to the functional group of compounds of trace elements
•1.0 ng /kg
0.35 ng /kg
•预混料Premixtures
•1.0 ng /kg
表1欧盟2006/13/EC法规规定二噁英及二噁英类多氯联苯限量标准
饲料及产品
Products iຫໍສະໝຸດ tended for animal feed
欧盟2006/13/EC法规
二噁英(PCDD/F)最大限量
二噁英类多氯联苯(PCBs)执行限量
•除植物油和其副产品外的所有植物源性饲料
Feed materials of plant origin, including vegetable oil and byproducts
•0.75 ng /kg
0.35 ng /kg
•植物油和其副产品Vegetable oils and their byproducts
•0.75 ng /kg
0.5 ng /kg
•矿物源性饲料原料Feed materials of mineral origin
•1.0 ng /kg
0.35 ng /kg
0.5 ng /kg
•鱼饲料,宠物食品Feedingstuffs for fish, Pet foods
•2.25 ng /kg
3.5 ng /kg
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